WO2012173956A2 - Ensemble de pistolet perforateur pour commander une dynamique de fluide de puits de forage - Google Patents

Ensemble de pistolet perforateur pour commander une dynamique de fluide de puits de forage Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2012173956A2
WO2012173956A2 PCT/US2012/041992 US2012041992W WO2012173956A2 WO 2012173956 A2 WO2012173956 A2 WO 2012173956A2 US 2012041992 W US2012041992 W US 2012041992W WO 2012173956 A2 WO2012173956 A2 WO 2012173956A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
perforating
plates
wellbore
fluid
flow
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2012/041992
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2012173956A3 (fr
Inventor
William D. Myers
Alphie S. Wright
Original Assignee
Baker Hughes Incorporated
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US13/159,946 external-priority patent/US20110284246A1/en
Application filed by Baker Hughes Incorporated filed Critical Baker Hughes Incorporated
Publication of WO2012173956A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012173956A2/fr
Publication of WO2012173956A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012173956A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
    • E21B43/116—Gun or shaped-charge perforators
    • E21B43/117—Shaped-charge perforators
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to the field of oil and gas production. More specifically, the present invention relates to a perforating system. Yet more specifically, the present invention relates to a perforating gun system capable of regulating wellbore fluid dynamics.
  • Perforating systems are used for the purpose, among others, of making hydraulic communication passages, called perforations, in wellbores drilled through earth formations so that predetermined zones of the earth formations can be hydraulically connected to the wellbore. Perforations are needed because wellbores are typically completed by coaxially inserting a pipe or casing into the wellbore. The casing is retained in the wellbore by pumping cement into the annular space between the wellbore and the casing. The cemented casing is provided in the wellbore for the specific purpose of hydraulically isolating from each other the various earth formations penetrated by the wellbore.
  • Perforating systems typically comprise one or more perforating guns strung together, these strings of guns can sometimes surpass a thousand feet of perforating length.
  • FIG. 1 an example of a perforating system 4 is shown.
  • the system 4 depicted comprises a single perforating gun 6 instead of a multitude of guns.
  • the gun 6 is shown disposed within a wellbore 1 on a wireline 5.
  • the perforating system 4 as shown also includes a service truck 7 on the surface 9, where in addition to providing a raising and lowering means, the wireline 5 also provides communication and control connectivity between the truck 7 and the perforating gun 6.
  • perforating systems may be used for inserting and retrieving the perforating system into and from a wellbore.
  • perforating systems may also be disposed into a wellbore via tubing, drill pipe, slick line, coiled tubing, to mention a few.
  • shaped charges 8 that typically include a housing, a liner, and a quantity of high explosive inserted between the liner and the housing.
  • the force of the detonation collapses the liner and ejects it from one end of the charge 8 at very high velocity in a pattern called a "jet" 12.
  • the jet 12 perforates the casing and the cement and creates a perforation 10 that extends into the surrounding formation 2.
  • a perforating system is made up of a perforating string with first and second spaced apart perforating guns. Shaped charges are provided in both guns and a zonal isolation system is included for regulating pressure in a wellbore.
  • the zonal isolation system of this embodiment has axially spaced apart plates that project radially out from the perforating string. The plates define an annulus between the string and a borehole wall, where the annulus restricts fluid flow to cause a pressure drop in the fluid flowing across the plates and along the annular space between the perforating string and wall of the wellbore.
  • the zonal isolation system may be disposed on one of the first or second perforating guns. In an example embodiment, the zonal isolation system is disposed between the first and second perforating guns. A sub may optionally be included that connects between the first and second perforating guns. In this example the zonal isolation system is disposed on the sub. In an example embodiment, the zonal isolation system is a first zonal isolation system, and a second zonal isolation system is included with the system.
  • an alternate perforating system that has a perforating string with shaped charges.
  • the perforating string has a stack of axially spaced apart plates projecting radially outward therefrom that define a restricted flow area between a portion of the perforating string and a wellbore wall.
  • the perforating string includes perforating guns stacked end to end.
  • the plates direct fluid from one of the formations along a labyrinthine path for reducing pressure in the fluid.
  • Passages may optionally be included that are formed axially through the plates. Further, the passages in adjacent plates may be offset from one another. Yet further optionally, the diameters of the plates can vary.
  • a method for dynamically isolating flow within a wellbore between a first subterranean formation zone and a second subterranean formation zone, where the zones are at different pressures.
  • the method includes inserting a downhole tool in a wellbore, where the downhole tool includes a pressure isolation system that has axially spaced apart plates that extend radially outward from an outer surface of the downhole tool.
  • a restricted flow annulus is defined between the member and the wellbore. Connate fluid flow is induced from within the first and second subterranean formation zones and a dynamic pressure drop is created between the first and second subterranean formation zones by locating the restricted flow annulus between the first and second subterranean formation zones.
  • the plates are configured to form a labyrinthine path for connate fluid flow along the downhole tool.
  • the labyrinthine path is formed by providing passages through the plates and positioning the passages in each plate to be axially offset from passages in an adjacent plate.
  • the labyrinthine path is formed by varying the diameter of plates that are adjacent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial cutaway side view of a prior art perforating operation.
  • FIG. 2 is a partial cutaway side view of a prior art perforating operation with formation fluid flowing into a wellbore.
  • FIG. 3 is a side partial sectional view of a perforating string in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a side partial sectional view of a perforating string in a deviated wellbore and in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a side partial sectional view of an embodiment of a downhole tool disposed in a wellbore in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a partial cut-away side view of a downhole tool disposed in a deviated wellbore in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a side partial sectional view of an alternate embodiment of a perforating string for regulating wellbore pressure in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8A is a side perspective view of a portion of the perforating string of FIG. 7 that includes an alternate embodiment of a restriction plate.
  • FIG. 8B is a side perspective view of a portion of the perforating string of FIG. 7 that includes an alternate embodiment of a restriction plate.
  • FIG. 3 an embodiment of a perforating system 20 in accordance with the present disclosure is illustrated in a side view.
  • the perforating string 20 of FIG. 3 includes a perforating section 22 axially connected to an accumulator section 26. As shown, another perforating section 23 is connected on the end of the accumulator section 26 opposite the perforating section 22. It should be pointed out that the number of perforating sections (or guns) is not limited to the number shown but could be any number of guns included with the perforating string 20 of the present disclosure.
  • An auger flight 28 is provided along the outer circumference of the perforating string 20.
  • the auger flight 28 is a generally helical member that winds along on the outer circumference of the perforating string 20 along a portion of its length. As shown, the auger flight 28 is disposed primarily along the accumulator section 26 of the perforating string 20. Optionally the auger flight 28 may extend also along one or more of the perforating sections 22, 23 in addition to being along the accumulator section 26. It should be pointed out that the cross section of the auger flight 28 may take one of many different configurations. Typically the base of the auger flight 28 has a wider cross section where it attaches to the perforating string 20 and tapers to a narrower cross section at its outer edge. Other embodiments of the auger flight 28 include a shape where the base and the terminating end have substantially the same thickness with no tapering. However it is well within the scope of those skilled in the art to determine and produce an auger flight suitable for use.
  • a port 30 is provided on the accumulator section 26 that may be selectively opened or closed. When open, the port 30 provides fluid communication across the side walls of the perforating string 20.
  • a reservoir 30 (shown in dashed lines) can be provided within the perforating string 20 and in communication with the port 30. Opening/closing of the port 30 may selectively communicate fluid between the reservoir 30 and outside of the perforating string 20.
  • the reservoir 32 can be disposed solely within the accumulator section 26 or one of the perforation sections 22, 23.
  • a perforating system 4 having an embodiment of the perforating string 20 herein described is lowered within a wellbore 1 to a predetermined depth wherein perforating operations are to be performed. Initiating detonation of shaped charges 24 shown provided with the perforating system 4 creates perforations 10 in the corresponding formation 2. As previously discussed, in an under-balanced situation, fluid in the higher pressure formation 2 will flow into the lower pressure wellbore 1 through the perforations 10.
  • the ports 30 can be opened, simultaneously with initiation of the shape charges 24 or soon thereafter, so the reservoir 32 can act as a potential sink or accumulator for at least a portion of the formation fluid flowing into the wellbore 1 from the formation 2.
  • the fluid flowing into the reservoir 32 is not limited to wellbore fluid but can also include all flowable matter resident in the wellbore 1, such as drilling mud, drilling fluid, as well as the producing fluid from the formation 2. Accordingly having the accumulator section 26 within the wellbore 1 after perforating provides an open space to absorb potential kinetic energy resulting from the pressure imbalance between the formation 2 and the wellbore 1.
  • Pressure imbalances between the formation 2 and the wellbore 1 may result from changes in the density of fluid in the wellbore, or by perforating into a formation 2 having a higher pressure than the wellbore 1.
  • Flow into the wellbore 1 from the formation 2 may be induced by perforating into a formation 2 as well as introducing an accumulator within a wellbore 1 having wellbore fluid, wherein the confines of the accumulator are at a lower pressure than the wellbore fluid.
  • Providing fluid communication between the confines of the accumulator and the wellbore 1 can also induce connate fluid flow from the formation 2 into the wellbore 1.
  • the accumulator in combination with the auger flights can isolate the pressure of one subterranean zone from another.
  • FIG. 4 an additional embodiment of the device of the present disclosure is shown disposed within a deviated portion of a wellbore la.
  • the wellbore la is shown intersecting different zones Z ls Z 2 , Z 3 , within a formation 2a.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 4 is disposed within a deviated portion of the wellbore la, the embodiment shown is operable within wellbore sections that are substantially vertical and/or horizontal. In this configuration, the perforating sections 22a, 23a are proximate to different zones Z l s Z 3 within the formation 2a.
  • the present device maintains a fluid pressure differential between subterranean zones Z l s Z 2 , Z 3 to zonal isolate the zones Zi, Z 2 , Z 3 .
  • the zonal isolation which typically occurs dynamically (dynamic zonal isolation), can be accomplished by the added pressure surge capabilities of the accumulator section, the pressure drop function of the auger flight, as well as a combination of these two.
  • the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to perforating systems, but as shown in FIG. 5, can include any tool 38 disposable within a wellbore, such as those used in removing debris from within existing perforations (commonly referred to as a downhole surge assembly).
  • the embodiment of the tool 38 of FIG. 5 includes a flow restrictor section 40 for retarding flow across the length of the tool.
  • the flow restrictor section 40 can include surface elements, such as an auger flight 42, a series of orifice plates 44, some other member for retarding flow, or a combination thereof.
  • the flow restrictor section 40 shown in FIG. 5 includes more than one type of member for restricting flow, a single member type may be used on the tool 38 for restricting flow.
  • the flow restrictor section 40 thus may comprise any member (flow restriction member) that restricts or otherwise impedes fluid flow axially through the wellbore 1.
  • an accumulator 46 (shown as a dashed line) may be included within the tool 38 formed to receive fluid flow therein.
  • Ports 48 may be provided as shown to enable fluid flow from within the wellbore 1 into the accumulator 46. While operation of the device of FIG. 5 may not include perforating, the tool 38 could be inserted post perforation. The tool 38 as shown could be used to create an underbalanced condition within a wellbore for coaxing connate fluid 52 from a formation Zi into the wellbore 1.
  • the flow restrictor section 40 impedes fluids axially flowing through the wellbore 1.
  • the flow restrictor and the fluid accumulator either separately or in combination, impede fluid flow by reducing the available cross sectional area available for flow (in the case of the flow restrictor) or by absorbing fluid potential energy (by using an accumulator). Impeding fluid flow through the wellbore 1 provides dynamic zonal isolation along the body of the tool 38 thereby isolating subterranean zones from one another. As discussed above, the zonal isolation provided by the tool 38 prevents fluid communication between the zones.
  • the present device may further allow pressure isolation between various subterranean zones Z ls Z 2 , Z 3 .
  • a downhole tool 70 disposed in a wellbore 71 , wherein the wellbore 71 extends through multiple zones Z l s Z 2 , Z 3 having differing physical and/or pressure properties.
  • the downhole tool 70 is shown equipped with isolation elements 72, that in one example can be an auger flight as described above, disposed at strategic points along its outer surface.
  • the isolation elements 72 include any device extending outward from the surface of the downhole tool 70 for impeding fluid flow in the annulus formed between the inner circumference of the wellbore 71 and the outer circumference of the downhole tool 70.
  • downhole tools 70 considered include perforating guns (with or without accumulator sections) and perforation surge assemblies. Additionally, the downhole tool 70 could comprise a series of surge assemblies 77, 79, 81 configured to accommodate a particular zone. Optional ports 83 that are selectively opened are shown included to flood the assemblies. The strategic points may correspond to boundaries 74, 75 between zones Z ls Z 2 , Z 3 that are adjacent. Thus strategic placement of the downhole tool 70 within the wellbore 71 may control and manipulate pressure surges between adjacent zones via the wellbore 71. The presence of the isolation elements 72 serves to impede fluid flow through the wellbore 71 along the downhole tool 70. Impeding fluid flow in this manner in turn regulates pressure communication between different zones to zonally isolate these zones Z ls Z 2 , Z 3 .
  • FIG. 7 an example embodiment of a perforating string 20B is illustrated deployed in the wellbore 1 ; where a wellhead assembly 76 is mounted at the entrance to the wellbore 1.
  • a deployment means 77 which can be a wireline, slickline, coiled tubing, or the like, suspends the perforating string 20B downhole.
  • Shaped charges 24 in the perforating string 20B are shown being detonated to create jets 78 that penetrate the formation 2 adjacent the wellbore 1. Initiating the shaped charges 24 may occur from a detonation signal delivered through the deployment means 77.
  • Perforations 50, 80 are created in zones Z ls Z 2 in the formation 2.
  • Flow restrictor sections 40 A are shown provided on the outer circumference of the perforating string 20B.
  • the flow restrictor sections 40A include a stack of axially spaced apart plates 81 that circumscribe a body of a perforating gun 82 of the perforating string 20B and a sub 84 attached on an upper end of the gun body 82.
  • the sub 84 can be a connector sub for connecting perforating guns 82 in the perforating string 20B, an accumulator sub as discussed above, or a sub or tool having a different function.
  • Embodiments of the plates 81 of FIG. 7 include a washer like element having an inner diameter substantially the same as the outer diameter of the portion of the perforating string 20B of where the plate 81 is mounted.
  • An outer diameter of the plates 81 may extend up to the inner diameter of the wellbore 1. Examples of ratios of thickness (or height) to diameter of the plates 81 range from about 1 :5 to about 1 :30.
  • the outer periphery of the plates 81 is generally circular, but may have different shapes to match the inner surface of the wellbore 1.
  • a gap exists between the outer diameter of the plates 82 and inner surface of the wellbore 1 to define an annulus 86.
  • the plates 82 reduce the area between the perforating string 20B and walls of the wellbore 1 thereby creating a restriction to flow that in turn increases a pressure drop to fluids flowing across the restriction to prevent fluid from a higher pressure to a lower pressure zone Zi, Z 2 .
  • FIG. 8A Shown in a side perspective view in FIG. 8A is a section of the perforating gun 82 or sub 84 of FIG. 7 having an alternate embodiment of the plates 81 A that include passages 88 formed through the plates 81 A.
  • the plates 81 A may have a larger diameter thereby urging more fluid radially inward to force the fluid through the passages 88.
  • the flow of fluid as represented by arrows, may follow a labyrinth like path. Pressure in the fluid is lost as the fluid flows through each passage 88 as well as flowing along the longer labyrinthine path.
  • FIG. 8B also illustrates an alternate embodiment of isolating one formation zone Z l s Z 2 from another.
  • plates 8 IB have an outer diameter less than other plates 81 on the perforating gun 82 or sub 84.
  • the varying outer diameters of the plates 81 , 8 IB can induce formation of eddy currents in the flow of fluid that can further induce pressure losses in the fluid flow.
  • the embodiments of FIGS. 8 A and 8B may be combined so that plates of varying dimensions include passages therethrough.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un outil de fond de puits utilisé dans l'isolation de pression de formations souterraines adjacentes. L'outil de fond de puits peut comprendre des dispositifs de restriction d'écoulement le long de la circonférence externe pour gêner un écoulement le long de la longueur de l'outil. L'outil peut en outre comprendre un pistolet perforateur et un accumulateur. Gêner un écoulement le long de la longueur de l'outil assure une restriction d'écoulement dynamique à l'intérieur du puits de forage qui empêche un écoulement de fluide d'une zone souterraine à une zone adjacente.
PCT/US2012/041992 2011-06-14 2012-06-12 Ensemble de pistolet perforateur pour commander une dynamique de fluide de puits de forage WO2012173956A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/159,946 US20110284246A1 (en) 2006-11-20 2011-06-14 Perforating gun assembly to control wellbore fluid dynamics
US13/159,946 2011-06-14

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012173956A2 true WO2012173956A2 (fr) 2012-12-20
WO2012173956A3 WO2012173956A3 (fr) 2013-04-04

Family

ID=47357683

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2012/041992 WO2012173956A2 (fr) 2011-06-14 2012-06-12 Ensemble de pistolet perforateur pour commander une dynamique de fluide de puits de forage

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2012173956A2 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5076355A (en) * 1990-12-21 1991-12-31 Baker Hughes Incorporated Perforating gun with auger
US5234055A (en) * 1991-10-10 1993-08-10 Atlantic Richfield Company Wellbore pressure differential control for gravel pack screen
US6877561B2 (en) * 2002-10-28 2005-04-12 Baker Hughes Incorporated Gravel packing method using vibration and hydraulic fracturing
US20080115943A1 (en) * 2006-11-20 2008-05-22 Baker Hughes Incorporated Perforating gun assembly to control wellbore fluid dynamics
US20100071895A1 (en) * 2008-09-25 2010-03-25 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. System and Method of Controlling Surge During Wellbore Completion

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5076355A (en) * 1990-12-21 1991-12-31 Baker Hughes Incorporated Perforating gun with auger
US5234055A (en) * 1991-10-10 1993-08-10 Atlantic Richfield Company Wellbore pressure differential control for gravel pack screen
US6877561B2 (en) * 2002-10-28 2005-04-12 Baker Hughes Incorporated Gravel packing method using vibration and hydraulic fracturing
US20080115943A1 (en) * 2006-11-20 2008-05-22 Baker Hughes Incorporated Perforating gun assembly to control wellbore fluid dynamics
US20100071895A1 (en) * 2008-09-25 2010-03-25 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. System and Method of Controlling Surge During Wellbore Completion

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2012173956A3 (fr) 2013-04-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US7980308B2 (en) Perforating gun assembly and method for controlling wellbore fluid dynamics
EP3397835B1 (fr) Système et procédé de perforation d'un puits de forage
US9909400B2 (en) Gas separator assembly for generating artificial sump inside well casing
CA2117085C (fr) Dispositif actionne par fluide pour perforer un puits de forage
US6510896B2 (en) Apparatus and methods for utilizing expandable sand screen in wellbores
US7597150B2 (en) Water sensitive adaptive inflow control using cavitations to actuate a valve
US20100000727A1 (en) Apparatus and method for inflow control
US8424609B2 (en) Apparatus and method for controlling fluid flow between formations and wellbores
US20070256826A1 (en) Multi-zone frac-packing using screen-conveyed linear charges
US11512563B2 (en) Systems and methods for opening screen joints
CN104379868B (zh) 分流管组件进入装置
US11002119B2 (en) Energetic perforator fill and delay method
NO347129B1 (en) Passive in-flow control devices and methods for using same
US7546875B2 (en) Integrated sand control completion system and method
US20110284246A1 (en) Perforating gun assembly to control wellbore fluid dynamics
WO2012173956A2 (fr) Ensemble de pistolet perforateur pour commander une dynamique de fluide de puits de forage
US7992637B2 (en) Reverse flow in-flow control device
US20180016878A1 (en) Perforating Gun System And Method
RU2746398C1 (ru) Способ создания обсаженного перфорационного канала в продуктивном пласте нефтяной или газовой обсаженной скважины
RU2776020C1 (ru) Дефлекторный узел с окном для многоствольной скважины, система многоствольной скважины и способ формирования системы многоствольной скважины

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
NENP Non-entry into the national phase in:

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 12801153

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A2