WO2012173839A1 - Procédé de combinaison de faisceaux par ensemencement de diffusion de brillouin stimulée dans une fibre optique - Google Patents

Procédé de combinaison de faisceaux par ensemencement de diffusion de brillouin stimulée dans une fibre optique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012173839A1
WO2012173839A1 PCT/US2012/041011 US2012041011W WO2012173839A1 WO 2012173839 A1 WO2012173839 A1 WO 2012173839A1 US 2012041011 W US2012041011 W US 2012041011W WO 2012173839 A1 WO2012173839 A1 WO 2012173839A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
optical fiber
sbs
seed
laser beams
pump
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2012/041011
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Daniel J. CREEDEN
York E. Young
Kenneth Dinndorf
Original Assignee
Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. filed Critical Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc.
Priority to US13/818,006 priority Critical patent/US8824513B2/en
Publication of WO2012173839A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012173839A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/30—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects
    • H01S3/302—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects in an optical fibre
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
    • H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
    • H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
    • H01S3/09408—Pump redundancy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/10084—Frequency control by seeding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
    • H01S3/06729—Peculiar transverse fibre profile
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/06754—Fibre amplifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
    • H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
    • H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
    • H01S3/094003—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light the pumped medium being a fibre
    • H01S3/094007—Cladding pumping, i.e. pump light propagating in a clad surrounding the active core
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
    • H01S3/16—Solid materials
    • H01S3/1601—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion
    • H01S3/1603—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion rare earth
    • H01S3/1618—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion rare earth ytterbium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/40—Arrangement of two or more semiconductor lasers, not provided for in groups H01S5/02 - H01S5/30
    • H01S5/4012—Beam combining, e.g. by the use of fibres, gratings, polarisers, prisms

Definitions

  • Embodiments are generally related to lasers. Embodiments are also related to a method of incoherently combining a plurality of laser beams in a single dual core optical fiber. Embodiments are additionally related to an apparatus and method of combining a plurality of laser beams into bright single frequency beam by utilizing Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) seed beam.
  • SBS Stimulated Brillouin Scattering
  • a laser is a device that emits light (electromagnetic radiation) through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of photons.
  • a fiber laser is a laser in which the active gain medium is an optical fiber doped with rare-earth elements. They are related to doped fiber amplifiers, which provide light amplification without lasing. Fiber nonlinearities, such as Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS), stimulated Raman scattering or four-wave mixing can also provide gain and thus serve as gain media for a fiber laser.
  • SBS Stimulated Brillouin Scattering
  • Fiber lasers can be combined spectrally, coherently, or incoherently.
  • the variations in the electric field of the beam may produce acoustic vibrations in the medium via electrostriction.
  • the beam may undergo Brillouin scattering from these vibrations, usually on opposite direction to the incoming beam, a phenomenon known as Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS).
  • SBS Stimulated Brillouin Scattering
  • SBS stimulated Brillouin scattering
  • SBS Stimulated Brillouin Scattering
  • It is a yet another aspect of the present invention is to focus various pump laser beams into one end of a pedestal of a dual core fiber and seed beam into other end of the fiber, in order to amplify the seed beam to provide an output signal brighter than combined pump beams.
  • SBS stimulated Brillouin scattering
  • the method and apparatus essentially becomes a brightness converter for the input laser beams.
  • An SBS seed is generated in a long length of fiber or by a diode and is launched into the back-end of the SBS combining optical fiber.
  • Various single- frequency pump beams are launched into the front-end of the same fiber.
  • the seed acts to lower a threshold for SBS in the fiber, thus invoking the nonlinearity.
  • the various pump beams are close in frequency and seed/pump modes overlap, each acts to amplify the seed through the nonlinear SBS process, providing an output signal which is brighter than the combined pump beams.
  • SBS provides the underlying physical mechanism by which incoherent beams from district and non-phase controlled diode lasers are combined and brightness enhanced.
  • the SBS mechanism can be used as amplifier for the input beam, deriving several advantages relative to unseeded SBS beam combination.
  • the seeding process provides various advantages such as increases combination efficiency, the fiber lengths can be kept short, prevents competition from efficiency-robbing competitive non-linear processes and amplifiers can be "staged” using conventional components (the required fiber lengths become shorter as power levels increase. Also the temporal output amplified beam is controlled by the input beam and thus modulated output can be created.
  • the present invention provides excellent spatial overlap of the pump-induced acoustic Brillouin waves and very high (>90%) intrinsic extraction efficiency compared to an unseeded SBS process.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a simplified block diagram of an apparatus for combining plurality of laser beams in a single dual core optical fiber, in accordance with the disclosed embodiments
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of the apparatus depicted in FIG. 1 , in accordance with the disclosed embodiments
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a cross sectional view of the single dual core optical fiber, in accordance with the disclosed embodiments
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a graph showing the variation of a modeled SBS amplification efficiency vs. fiber length in a 25/30 dual core optical fiber depicted in FIG. 3 with an outer core numerical aperture of 0.3 and 9W of pump, comparing 25mW and 250mW of seed power; and
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a flow chart showing a method of combining a plurality of laser beams in the single dual core optical fiber, in accordance with the disclosed embodiments.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a simplified block diagram of an apparatus 00 for combining a plurality of laser beams 1 12, 114 and 1 16 in a single dual core optical fiber 108, in accordance with the disclosed embodiments.
  • the laser beams 112, 114 and 1 6 from a plurality of pump diodes 102, 104 and 106 respectively are launched into a front-end of the single dual core optical fiber 108.
  • a seed beam 122 generated by a seed beam generator 120 is launched into a back end of the optical fiber 108.
  • the seed beam 122 acts to lower a threshold for SBS in the optical fiber 108, thus invoking the nonlinearity.
  • FIG. 2 a schematic diagram of the apparatus 100 depicted in FIG. 1 is disclosed.
  • the laser beams 1 12, 114 and 116 from various pump diodes 102, 104 and 106 are amplified by utilizing a plurality of Ytterbium (Yb) fiber amplifiers 101 , 103 and 105 respectively.
  • the laser beam 1 13 from the Ytterbium (Yb) fiber amplifier 101 is trapped and launched into a core of a standard single-mode fiber 132 via an optical circulator 134 to purposely invoke SBS and generate a backward propagating Stokes signal 135.
  • the backward propagating Stokes signal 135 is send to back end of the dual core optical fiber 108 as the seed beam 122 through a modulator 136.
  • the laser beam 1 17 is further amplified by utilizing an additional fiber amplifier 109.
  • a plurality of mirrors 142, 144 and 146 are utilized to converge the laser beams 1 13, 115 and 118 as laser beams 152 into the front end of the dual core optical fiber 108 and used to amplify the seed beam 122.
  • the amplified SBS output signal 24 is also show in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a cross sectional view of the dual core optical fiber 108, in accordance with the disclosed embodiments.
  • the optical fiber 108 has an inner core 150, an outer core 154 and a cladding 156.
  • the laser beams 152 depicted in FIG. 2 are launched into the front end of the outer core 154, also called pedestal of the optical fiber 108 whereas the seed beam 122 depicted in FIG. 2 is launched into the back end of the inner core 150 of the optical fiber 108.
  • the critical aspect of the optical fiber 108 is the pedestal 154 with the high Numerical Aperture (NA) and core diameter only slightly larger than the SBS seed guiding inner core 150. This large NA is determined by the composition of the optical fiber 108 and the index mismatch between the pedestal 154 and the cladding 156, allowing efficient pump coupling.
  • the seed beam 122 propagates in the inner-core 150 of the fiber 108, which has a low NA for high brightness output. Because of the seeding, SBS is invoked in the core of the optical fiber 108 only. The optical fiber 108 significantly improves the overlap factor, while still allowing for excellent pump coupling.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a graph 170 showing the variation of a modeled SBS amplification efficiency (HSBS) and fiber length in the optical fiber 108 depicted in FIG. 3, comparing 25mW 164 and 250mW 162 of seed power.
  • the outer core 154 of fiber 108 depicted in FIG. 3 which carries pump laser beams has a numerical aperture of 0.3, 9W of pump and 30pm diameter.
  • the inner core 150 which carries the seed beam has a numerical aperture of 0.06 and 25 ⁇ diameter.
  • the dual core SBS fiber design mitigates the high SBS threshold by improving the pump-beam/Stokes beam overlap compared to conventional efforts in a single core GRIN fiber.
  • the seeded SBS process substantially reduces the SBS threshold responsible for beam combination.
  • the SBS mechanism can be utilized as amplifier for the input beam, deriving several advantages relative to unseeded SBS beam combination.
  • the seeded SBS process increases combination efficiency, fiber lengths can be kept short, prevents competition from efficiency-robbing competitive non-linear processes.
  • the amplifiers can be "staged” using conventional components (the required fiber lengths become shorter as power levels increase) and the temporal output amplified beam is controlled by the input.
  • the optical fiber provides excellent spatial overlap of the pump-induced acoustic Brillouin waves and the seed light enable very high (>90%) intrinsic extraction efficiency compared to an unseeded SBS process.
  • a flow chart 200 showing a method of combining plurality of laser beams in single dual core optical fiber is disclosed.
  • multiple single frequency pump beams are generated.
  • the laser beams are then launched into the front end of the dual core optical fiber as illustrated at block 204.
  • the seed beam is generated either by trapping a laser beam from the laser beams generated as said at block 202 or by utilizing a separate semiconductor laser.
  • the seed beam is then launched into the back end of the dual core optical fiber as illustrated at block 208.
  • the outer core of the fiber carries pump laser beams and the inner core of the fiber carries seed beams.
  • the dual core fiber amplifies the seed beam through non linear process to obtain a bright single frequency laser beam as said at block 210 and 212.
  • trapping a laser beam for seed signal is one way of generating the seed beam.
  • a separate semiconductor laser may also be utilized directly as the SBS seed source, making it straightforward to modulate the system. Seeding SBS according to the present invention lowers the threshold. In addition, improving the signal/pump overlap area greatly improves conversion efficiency.
  • SBS is an effect which is typically unwanted and suppressed in fiber laser systems, as it reduces efficiencies.
  • this beam combination technique the use of seeded SBS to incoherently combine multiple pump lasers, taking advantage of the frequency shift the nonlinear effects imparts on the pump signals.
  • the dynamics of the SBS process can be driven and controlled by the seed beam to create a single, near diffraction-limited beam with greater than 80% efficiency; effectively, the SBS process is used to amplify the input seed beam.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système et un procédé pour combiner de façon efficace de multiples faisceaux laser dans une seule fréquence en mettant en œuvre la diffusion de Brillouin stimulée (SBS) dans une fibre optique bi-cœur. Le procédé et l'appareil deviennent essentiellement un convertisseur de brillance pour les faisceaux laser d'entrée. Un ensemencement de SBS est généré dans la longueur de la fibre ou par une diode et est injecté dans l'extrémité arrière de la fibre optique de combinaison SBS. Différents faisceaux de pompage à une seule fréquence sont injectés dans l'extrémité avant de ladite fibre. L'ensemencement agit pour diminuer un seuil pour la SBS dans la fibre, mettant ainsi en œuvre la non-linéarité. Les différents faisceaux de pompage étant proches en fréquence et les modes d'ensemencement/pompage se chevauchant, chacun agit pour amplifier l'ensemencement dans le processus SBS non linéaire, fournissant un signal de sortie qui est plus brillant que les faisceaux de pompage combinés.
PCT/US2012/041011 2011-06-14 2012-06-06 Procédé de combinaison de faisceaux par ensemencement de diffusion de brillouin stimulée dans une fibre optique WO2012173839A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/818,006 US8824513B2 (en) 2011-06-14 2012-06-06 Method for beam combination by seeding stimulated brillouin scattering in optical fiber

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201161496727P 2011-06-14 2011-06-14
US61/496,727 2011-06-14

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US11654489B2 (en) * 2013-04-29 2023-05-23 Nuburu, Inc. Devices, systems and methods for three-dimensional printing
US10971896B2 (en) * 2013-04-29 2021-04-06 Nuburu, Inc. Applications, methods and systems for a laser deliver addressable array
CA2910559C (fr) 2013-04-29 2021-06-01 Mark S. Zediker Dispositifs, systemes et procedes d'impression tridimensionnelle
US11646549B2 (en) 2014-08-27 2023-05-09 Nuburu, Inc. Multi kW class blue laser system
CN104518422A (zh) * 2015-01-07 2015-04-15 南昌航空大学 利用连续激光器泵浦放大布里渊散射信号的方法
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US10940562B2 (en) 2017-01-31 2021-03-09 Nuburu, Inc. Methods and systems for welding copper using blue laser
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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CN110021873B (zh) * 2019-05-28 2023-10-13 长春理工大学 一种基于级联受激散射的激光器

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