WO2012162105A1

WO2012162105A1 - Quantification of structure fitness enabling evaluation and comparison of structure designs

Info

Publication number: WO2012162105A1
Application number: PCT/US2012/038449
Authority: WO
Inventors: Eric Teller; Nicholas Chim; Augusto Roman; Jennifer Carlile; Cedric Dupont
Original assignee: Google Inc.
Priority date: 2011-05-20
Filing date: 2012-05-17
Publication date: 2012-11-29

Abstract

System and methods for evaluating and coordinating the design and implementation of a structure is disclosed. The system includes an attributes engine, configured to receive design data for a structure; quantify a plurality of measures of various attributes of the structure based on the design data; from the quantified plurality of measures of various attributes of the structure, determine a structure fitness function, F, whereby: (I) wherein a₁, a₂,...a_n are each quantifications of an attribute, respectively, of a structure based on the structure design, and w₁,w₂,...w_n are each weighting values corresponding to each attribute quantification, respectively; and, an interface for providing an indication of the structure fitness function to a user. The structure fitness function may be evaluated and a value provided thereby for a variety of perspectives, such as sum of weighted attributes, a mean function value, etc.

Description

QUANTIFICATION OF STRUCTURE FITNESS ENABLING EVALUATION AND COMPARISON OF STRUCTURE DESIGNS

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] The present disclosure is related to and claims priority from copending U.S. Patent Application titled "System and Methods for Structure Design, Analysis, and Implementation", serial number 13/1 12,727, filed on May 20, 201 1 , which is incorporated herein by reference. The present disclosure is also related to U.S. Patent Application titled "System and Methods Facilitating Collaboration in the Design, Analysis, and Implementation of a Structure", serial number 13/163,307, which is incorporated herein by reference.

COPYRIGHT NOTICE

[0002] A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent fie or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever. BACKGROUND

[0003] The present disclosure is related to the design and realization of structures such as buildings, and more specifically to systems and methods for facilitating collaboration in the designing, iterating, and building of such structures, and supporting the ecosystem of the processes and the parties participating in those operations.

[0004] Traditionally, the process of designing and building a structure involves many professionals with many different skill sets. As an example, a developer interested in having a commercial structure built may retain an architect, who takes the developer's requirements and preferences, details about the site, building codes and the like, and first generates a conceptual design, then a more detailed schematic design. At this stage, the architect's role is to synthesize, problem solve, and design. The resulting forms, as drawn and/or modeled, are typically a blending of art and engineering. Reviews and reworking for multiple different audiences typically occur next in what is often referred to as design development. For example, an architectural engineer or similar professional may review the design and plans for the proposed structure's integrity and safety, the developer may have input for modifications to the design to meet a desired design goal, the builder may introduce limitations based on cost, time-to- completion, feasibility, and so on.

[0005] Portions of the design may also be sent to sources for cost estimates and to determine availability of elements of the structure, estimates for labor cost and time-to-delivery of components, etc. Estimates from these many other sources may then also be factored into calculated time-to-completion, cost, and so on. Bidding and negotiation may take place, such as with a builder or construction manager, parts and services providers, etc. Further design development then typically takes place to bring the design in line with budgets, evolving design requirements, etc.

[0006] Once the final design and plans converge for the main parties of interest (developer, architect, engineer, and builder, who form the core of the ecosystem for the project), required permits and other approvals may then be sought. An additional one or more round(s) of design development take place including negotiations with certifying and permitting agencies in order to converge on a mutually acceptable design. Ultimately, construction begins and in spite of inevitable cost and time overruns a structure is built.

[0007] While there are many other steps and parties involved, and the actual order of things may vary from structure to structure, the process is long, convoluted, circular, often unnecessarily complex, with many parties involved, and there are many opportunities for inefficiencies and delays in the various design, interaction, revision, and iteration of the design and build process. Furthermore, for each new structure, the process essentially reinvents itself from scratch, but never the same from one structure to the next. There is little re-use of designs, processes, and data in the design and construction of new structures. And, there are few resources available to improve efficiency and effectiveness in the communication and work processes taking place in the community of people and agencies involved in the design and construction process.

[0008] More specifically, while aspects of a structure may be appealing to one or more members of the design and implementation ecosystem, there is known, accepted overall quantification of a structure's fitness for purpose. Accordingly, there is no known, accepted method of determining a quantified value indicating how well a structure meets (or does not meet) the various requirements underlying its purpose. Nor is there a known, accepted method of weighting particular aspects of a design such that they, at least in part, define the underlying aspects of a design. Furthermore, there is no known, accepted method of examining two designs side-by-side to determine whether one quantifiably better address various requirements underlying its purpose as compared to the other. Still further, there is no known, accepted method of examining different aspects of those two designs to determine if use of certain elements of one design might quantifiably improve satisfying various requirements in the other.

SUMMARY

[0009] Accordingly, the present disclosure is directed to systems and methods for more efficiently facilitating collaboration in the design, analysis, and implementation of a structure than heretofore possible. The systems and methods disclosed permit quantifying a structure's design for its fitness for intended purposes. The systems and methods disclosed herein permit determining a quantified value indicating how well a structure design meets (or does not meet) the various requirements underlying its purpose. Weighting of particular aspects of a design such that they, at least in part, define the underlying aspects of a design is provided. Systems and methods for examining two designs side-by-side to determine whether one quantifiably better address various requirements underlying its purpose as compared to the other are disclosed. Systems and methods for examining different aspects of those two designs to determine if use of certain elements of one design might quantifiably improve satisfying various requirements in the other are also disclosed.

[0010] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a computer- implemented system for quantifying the fitness of a structure for an intended purpose comprises: an attributes engine, configured to receive design data for a structure; quantify a plurality of measures of various attributes of the structure based on the design data; from the quantified plurality of measures of various attributes of the structure, determine a structure fitness function, F, whereby

wherein , a₂,...a_n are each quantifications of an attribute, respectively, of a structure based on the structure design, and wi , w₂, ...w_n are each weighting values corresponding to each attribute quantification, respectively; and an interface for providing an indication of the structure fitness function to a user. The structure fitness function may be evaluated and a value provided thereby for a variety of perspectives, such as sum of weighted attributes, a mean function value, etc.

[0011] Multiple users may each view and manipulate a design, and ultimately compare fitness functions to assist in determining which manipulations better address design targets for the resulting structure. Structure fitness functions of extant designs may also be determined and compared to an in- process design in order to evaluate the in-process design and potentially utilize elements of the extant design in the in-process design to better meet the requirements for that design.

[0012] Accordingly, also disclosed is a computer-implemented system for facilitating collaborative structure design efforts, and for coordinating implementation of a resulting design, comprising: a design workspace in which a structure design can be rendered during a design process; a design engine which receives various inputs, and produces a structure design for display in the design workspace; an attributes engine which quantifies measures of various attributes of a structure based on the structure design during the process of designing the structure and updates quantification of the measures when manipulation of aspects of the design result in modification of the design; a first interface, coupled to the design engine, permitting a first user to view and manipulate aspects of the design rendered in the design workspace such that manipulation of the aspects of the design by the first user may be viewable by a second user by way of a second interface; the first interface configured to provide an indication of a structure fitness function, F, determined according to:

F = f(wi ai ,W2 a2 ,...w„a„) wherein ai , a₂,...a_n are each quantifications of an attribute, respectively, of a structure based on the structure design determined by the attributes engine, and wi , w₂, ...w_n are each a weighting value corresponding to each attribute quantification, respectively.

[0013] The above is a summary of a number of the unique aspects, features, and advantages of the present disclosure. However, this summary is not exhaustive. Thus, these and other aspects, features, and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following detailed description and the appended drawings, when considered in light of the claims provided herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] In the drawings appended hereto like reference numerals denote like elements between the various drawings. While illustrative, the drawings are not drawn to scale. In the drawings:

[0015] Fig. 1 is a high-level representation of a distributed network environment, comprising hardware and software, within which various embodiments of a system for structure design, analysis, and implementation according to the present disclosure may be employed.

[0016] Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a portion of a first embodiment of a computer-implemented system for structure design, analysis, and implementation according to the present disclosure.

[0017] Fig. 3 is an illustration of one embodiment of an external data database configured to receive data from a number of sources external to the system for structure design and analysis according to the present disclosure.

[0018] Fig. 4 is an illustration of one exemplary structure design environment including a number of the relevant participants in the design evolution, analysis, and implementation process.

[0019] Fig. 5 is an example of a system facilitating collaboration between first and second users according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] Fig. 6 is an example of a user interface within which a user may view and manipulate a design, view various attributes of the design in a dashboard, and view other aspects of the design and processes according to the present disclosure.

[0021] Fig. 7 is an illustration of a user interface for customizing the attributes provided in an instance of a user's dashboard according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] Fig. 8 is an example of an interface that formats data, including optionally populating a form with such data, for delivery to a secondary analysis system, and for receiving analysis data therefrom, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] We initially point out that description of well-known processes, components, equipment, and other well-known details are merely summarized or are omitted so as not to unnecessarily obscure the details of the present invention. Thus, where details are otherwise well known, we leave it to the application of the present disclosure and the knowledge and ability of one skilled in the art to suggest or dictate choices relating to those details.

[0024] With reference initially to Fig. 1 , a distributed network environment 10 is shown, comprising hardware and software, within which various embodiments of the present disclosure may be employed. More specifically, distributed network environment 10 comprises multiple interconnected elements of hardware, each running software, allowing those elements of hardware to communicate with one another, whether by wired or wireless connection. Such elements of hardware include, but are not limited to, a first client workstation 12, a second client workstation 14, a mail server computer 16, a file server computer 18, and network appliances 20 such as remote storage, each communicating via the public Internet 22. The client workstations and servers generally may be referred to as computer devices. Other computer devices, such as mobile computationally-enabled telephone handsets (so called "smart phones") 24, tablet- style computer devices 26, and so on may also form a part of network environment 10.

[0025] Alternatives to using the public Internet, or additional interconnection mechanisms include local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), etc. Alternatives to client workstations, or additional computer mechanisms include personal computers, servers that are personal computers, minicomputers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), mainframes, etc. The network within which the various embodiments of the present disclosure operates may also comprise additional or fewer devices without affecting the scope of the present disclosure.

[0026] First and second client workstations 12, 14 may communicate via the public Internet 22 using known Web browser software or dedicated, specific- purpose application software. As is well known, software components supporting client workstations 12, 14, servers 16, 18, and network appliances 20 include or reference logic and/or data that may form a part of the software component or be embodied in or retrievable from some other hardware of software device or signal, either local or remote and coupled via a network or other data communications device.

[0027] Thus, embodiments of the invention may be implemented as methods, apparatus, or articles of manufacture as or in software, firmware, hardware, or any combination thereof. As used herein, article of manufacture (or alternatively, computer program product) is intended to encompass logic and/or data accessible from any computer-readable device, carrier, or media.

[0028] Those skilled in the art will recognize many modifications may be made to this exemplary environment without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. For example, it will be appreciated that aspects of the present disclosure are not dependent upon data structure formats, communications protocols, file types, operating systems, database management system, or peripheral device specifics. Accordingly, the following description is provided without reference to specific operating systems, protocols, or formats, with the understanding that one skilled in the art will readily be able to apply this disclosure to a system and format of choice.

[0029] The present disclosure provides a computer-implemented system and methods for collaboratively producing a design of a structure and coordinating aspects of its implementation. As used herein, a "structure" may be, but is not limited to, habitable buildings, functional structures, artistic structures, and so on, and the nature of the structure does not form a limitation on the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, as used herein, "designing" is intended to mean all aspects of preparing plans for implementing a structure, including but not limited to developing a set of documents that describe a structure and aspects of its construction, as well as estimates relating to the design and construction of the structure. Designing a structure may optionally include the materials for and processes of obtaining prerequisite certifications and approvals for constructing the designed structure. In many cases, designing a structure is a collaborative endeavor between individuals and organizations. As well, as used herein, "implementation" is intended to mean verifying aspects of a design, arranging accessibility to required parts, services, and personnel, maintaining a project timeline, maintaining a project budget, managing changes during the build phase, financing and insurance, and constructing the structure. Optionally, implementation may also include coordinating and obtaining approvals, permits, and the like.

[0030] Furthermore, as used herein, "manipulation" of (or to "manipulate") a design includes but is not limited to adding elements to a design, subtracting elements form a design, reconfiguring portions of a design, moving portions of a design, partially or fully relocating a design on a site, requesting and viewing attributes about a design, implementing automated optimization of a design, checking aspects of a design for structural soundness or against codes or regulations for such a design, comparing alternative designs, developing cost estimates, construction time, and other attributes of a structure built according to a design, and so on.

[0031] Still further, as used herein, "interface" is intended to include data structures, virtual and physical connections between devices, computer-human user interface, and other mechanisms that facilitate the exchange of data between computer systems and/or control of one or more such systems. In one embodiment, an interface requires a minimum or no user data entry or manual delivery of data from one system to another. In another embodiment, data that needs to be entered manually may be retained and reused within the system, reducing future data entry requirements.

[0032] According to the present disclosure, a user interacts with a computer system and controls provided thereby to design a structure. In the process, the system may communicate with other systems to obtain data, verify data, deliver data, store or retrieve data, etc. Those other systems may be interfaces to other computer-user interactions or be autonomous or some combination of the two. By way of a network, the systems and methods thereby facilitate collaboration between multiple individuals and/or organizations in the design, analysis, and implementation of a structure.

[0033] In general, a method of designing a structure employing a system of the type disclosed herein begins with a user specifying a program (general aspects of the structure and its intended uses), which may be translated into requirements of the design. Given certain starting conditions, such as a description of the site on which the structure is to be built, a structure footprint (or equivalently, perimeter), the basic intended use of the structure, and so forth, the system may provide a proposed initial design, and self-iterate toward meeting the design requirements. Alternatively, the user may select "cells" and/or other elements from a palette (or specially designed) and manipulate those elements in a design workspace to populate a structure design.

[0034] According to the present disclosure, a cell is a fundamental element employed by the system and user to design a structure. Cells are abstractions of portions of a structure (although in certain cases a structure may in fact be comprised of a single cell) upon which other systems in the design depend. Cells are instantiated as part of the design process. Cells include rules governing aspects of the instantiations, such as how an instance of one cell connects to another instance, size ranges of instances, systems or components included in or required by an instance, and so on. Cells are discussed in further detail below.

[0035] Referring to Fig. 2, there is shown therein a schematic diagram of a portion of a first embodiment of a computer-implemented system 50 for designing a structure and coordinating its implementation according to the present disclosure. System 50 comprises a design engine 52 that manages aspects of the structure design process. Design engine 52 may be realized in software, firmware, hardware, etc.

[0036] Design engine 52 receives various inputs including data from cell and structure data database 54, design requirements database 56, and optionally external data database 58 and elements database 64 interconnected thereto. While these data inputs are shown and discussed in terms of databases, it will be appreciated that other forms of data input, such as streaming data, real-time measurement data, calculated data, etc. may also be employed.

[0037] Design engine 52 provides an output in the form of data representing a structure that is rendered in a design workspace user interface (Ul) 60. Design engine 52 may include rendering capabilities, or may rely on additional tools, such as Google SketchUp to perform rendering tasks. Design workspace Ul 60 provides a user with a visual representation of the structure being designed, as well as a design-editing interface 62 at which a user may edit the design.

[0038] Design requirements database 56 may also provide design engine 52 with rules driven by certain external data provided by external data database 58. Fig. 3 illustrates a number of representative sources of this external data. For example, one initial phase of design development is a topographic study of the site on which the structure is to be erected. Data 90 from this topographic study may be utilized by design requirements database 56 to provide rules for design engine 52. Similarly, geologic data 92 required to determine the nature of the soil, bedrock, water table, etc. and climate data 94 relating to averages and ranges of temperatures, rain and snow fall, wind speeds, and so on, which all factor into structure design may be utilized by design requirements database 56 to provide input to the rules for the design engine 52.

[0039] In addition to physical and environmental data, a wide variety of design and building codes 96 may suggest or require design rules be implemented by design engine 52. Similarly, generally accepted design and building practices 98 may also suggest or require design rules be implemented by design engine 52. Other external data include zoning data, historical real estate data, neighborhood information (key services, pedestrian and vehicular traffic flow), physical form of neighboring buildings, etc.

[0040] Much of the data provided by external data database 58 originates with human data collection and transmission to database 58, as illustrated by 90a, 92a, and so on. Other data may reside in repositories connected directly or indirectly to external data database 58, as illustrated by 90b, 92b, and so on. With reference again to Fig. 2, system 50 facilitates the communication of a large volume of disparate data, from a wide variety of different sources, into a centralized resource for use by design engine 52. In cases of particular interest herein, certain data originates with human data collection for use by the system. Therefore in one aspect of the present disclosure, system 50 serves as a point of connection between data providers and data consumers.

[0041] In general, the many methods of collection of the data and the many formats in which the data may be provided to design engine 52, are beyond the scope of the present disclosure. However, in one embodiment a system is used to obtain data from a number of sources, and changes in data or data integrity may be independently verified. Initially, a group of participants are requested to provide data to external data database 58. This might, for example, be the manual inputting into digital format of building codes for a municipality that does not have readily available digital versions of such codes. Additionally, there may be overlap and in fact duplication in the work of the participants. As the amount of duplication increases, indicating that input from prior participants is correct and complete, the number of participants requested to input data may be decreased. Some steady state input, with consequent duplication continues. Thereafter, if it is noted that conflicts begin to arise, such as code sections of the same code designation are no longer duplicates of previously entered data for that section, it may be concluded that either (1 ) errors have occurred in either the earlier or later data entry, or (2) the code section may have changed since the original data entry. In either case, the number of participants may be increased, with a commensurate increase in the data provided by the group. When duplication again rises above a threshold, the number of participants may be decreased. Again, there are many methods of data collection and entry when that data is not otherwise available is digital format for use by system 50, as will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, and the aforementioned is simply one example of such a method.

[0042] During the design phase of a project, the structure produced by design engine 52 evolves in an effort to meet the various requirements of the interested parties. This design evolution may in part be achieved relatively autonomously by design engine 52 implementing the aforementioned rules and various optimizations. Design evolution is also achieved through the interaction of various parties and organizations through direct manipulation of elements of the design provided by way of an interface such as user design editing interface 62 and inputs from various secondary data sources and analysis systems.

[0043] Fig. 4 is an illustration of one exemplary structure design environment 300 including a number of the relevant participants in the design evolution, analysis, and implementation process, operating around system 50. Traditional design participants 302 include one or more architects 304, architectural engineers 306, developers 308, construction managers 310, and so on. Other parties that may be directly or indirectly involved in the design process include property broker 312, project underwriter 314, property tenant 316, and so on. Any two or more of such parties, and two or more individuals within organizations serving these roles, may wish to collaborate on a structure design. For example, an architectural firm may wish that a senior architect work with a junior architect to develop a design for a client. An architect may wish to deliver a design to an architectural engineer so that structural details can be resolved. A developer may wish to involve a tenant in design details, and so on.

[0044] Fig. 5 is an example of a system 350 facilitating collaboration between a first user 352 and a second user 354. While the system of Fig. 5 illustrates two users, it will be readily apparent that this description can be generalized to many more users with equivalent advantages. Each of user 352 and user 354 may access a unique user interface workspace 356, 358, respectively, that provides an independent design workspace for independent design development and manipulation. In addition or as an alternative to individual workspaces, each of users 352, 354 may access a shared workspace 360 in which, for example, manipulations by one user are rendered in a concurrent view, for viewing, editing, and commenting on by the other user. In addition, a commentary system 362, such as a chat system, voice or videoconference system, etc. either within or outside of system 50 may permit interparty communication during the design process.

[0045] In addition to tools for manipulating an existing design, new design elements such as cells, systems or components may be accessed by each of users 352, 354 in an elements database 64. Other design tools may be provided as is well known in the art, either by system 50 or by resources external to system 50.

[0046] The various manipulations are integrated into a design by design engine 52. Design engine 52 may perform several additional tasks (or alternatively such tasks may be performed by other components of system 50). For example, a change tracking resource 364 for tracking the various manipulations, such as who made each change, when it was made, what elements of the design are affected by the change, may be provided. An error and conflict checking resource 366 for determining whether manipulations made by the various users produce errors or conflicts (such as different concurrent changes to the same element, changes which result in violations of rules or codes, etc.) may also be provided.

[0047] In certain embodiments it may be desirable to provide certain parties with approval authority, or limit certain other parties' abilities to manipulate aspects of the design. For example, an architect may wish to permit an interior designer to be able to place furniture and related items in a design, but not modify the design itself. As another example, a chief architect may request that a junior architect propose design manipulations, but before those manipulations are incorporated into the final design the chief architect approves or disapproves such manipulations. It will be appreciated that many opportunities for such approvals and limitations exist in collaboratively developing a design for a structure, and the aforementioned are merely illustrative examples. A resource 368 is provided in order to facilitate such approvals and limitations. Resource 368 may use individual identity, qualifications, certifications, title, association with organizations, passwords, biometric data, or other criteria or security data and processes for determining limitations and granting approvals for user modifications.

[0048] In addition, resource 368 may provide certain users, such as user 352, with an interface 370 to resource 368 for approval of manipulations from other users such as user 354. Such approval may be the acceptance (or rejection) of individual manipulations, groups of manipulations, or all manipulations of aspects of said design by said second user 354.

[0049] In one embodiment, system 50 is provided with a control that finalizes the design and initiates the process of building a structure, which can be thought of as the ultimate manipulation or a "build it" button. Much responsibility and liability is associated with finalizing the design and initiating the building process (hitting the "build it" button). Accordingly, authority for this level of manipulation may be vested on one or two individuals in the ecosystem, such as the developer, or construction manager. Again, resource 368 may determine if a user has this level of authority.

[0050] Furthermore, resource 368 may limit certain manipulations a user may make to a design per se. Such limitations may be based on locking elements of the design in general, or may apply such limits on a user-by-user basis, in which case the aforementioned individual identity, qualifications, certifications, title, association with organizations, or other criteria may be used to determine limitations on user modifications. [0051] As mentioned, each user 352, 354 may be provided with a user interface for viewing and manipulating a design. Fig. 6 is an example of a graphical user interface (Ul) 100 providing a view and tools for manipulating a design 102 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Ul 100 comprises, inter alia, a design workspace 60 and various elements of design editing interface 62. It will be appreciated that elements of design editing interface 62 in addition to those illustrated in Fig. 6 may reside in nested levels that become visible and active given certain user selections. Importantly, each user 352, 354 (Fig. 5) may interact with design 102 in their own instance of design workspace 60 through such a Ul, or collectively through a shared instance of design workspace 60. In each case, the appearance of interface 100 may be the same.

[0052] Many aspect of the design may be manipulated, with design engine 52 revising the design to accommodate those manipulations. These include dragging and dropping new cells, systems or components into the design, deleting cells, systems or components from the design, rearranging cells, systems or components in the design, changing the footprint of the design, etc. In one example, a user may add a structure section or system to design 102 by dragging an appropriate element 104 from an elements palette 106 into design 102. These elements may be cell instances, systems, or components. Many other design manipulation controls may be provided by interface 100, such as for removing portions of a design, reshaping or resizing portions of a design, copying portions of a design, and so on.

[0053] Ul 100 may provide a display region, referred to as dashboard 1 10 in which various quantified attributes of the structure may be displayed to provide user feedback. While shown as part of Ul 100, dashboard 1 10 may be provided as a separate Ul or part of a different Ul forming a part of the system disclosed herein. Dashboard 1 10 may provide a calculated square footage 1 12, total cost 1 14, time-to-completion 1 16, energy efficiency, 1 18, and so on. In addition to, or as an alternative to providing these and other attributes for the complete structure, dashboard 1 10 can provide a user with these attributes and others for selected portions of a structure (not shown). Referring again to Fig. 5, dashboard 1 10 may be provided to one or both users 352, 354 and in workspaces 356, 358 unique to each, respectively, in a shared workspace 360, or in all three.

[0054] With reference again to Fig. 2, an attributes engine 130 receives design data from design engine 52. This includes data about the form, cells, system, and components of the design from cell and structure data database 54 and elements database 64. Attributes engine 130 calculates various attributes of a structure that might be built from the design, and provides those calculated attributes to be displayed in the dashboard 1 10. In certain embodiments, one or more attributes may be provided from a resource external to the system, such as a database, secondary analysis system, etc. Details regarding the operation of attributes engine 130 are provided in the aforementioned U.S. patent application 13/1 12,727.

[0055] System 50 may provide each user with a customizable attributes quantification interface, illustrated in Fig. 7, for customizing the attributes provided in their instance of dashboard 1 10. A user may select one or more user- selectable attribute quantification tools, such as windows 1 12, 1 14, 1 16, etc., from an attributes toolbox window 122, for example by dragging them to their instance of dashboard 1 10. In this way, a user may customize what set of attributes they view for the design. This permits different users having different roles in a project to focus on attributes most relevant to their role in the project. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, one user is provided with an interface allowing that user to view the attributes selected by another user (and the quantification of those attributes). This individualization of attributes may be tied to other aspects of the present disclosure, such as the approvals and limitations resource 368 (Fig. 5) such that certain users may be precluded from manipulating aspects of a design that change selected attributes of the design. For example, a user may not have the authority to manipulate a design such that the maximum or target square footage of the design changes. Different users may thus be provided with a degree of control over aspects of the design to which their role relates, such as controller having authority for manipulations which result in cost overruns, a construction manager having authority over manipulations which result in changes to the build time, etc.

[0056] One such window for design attributes is building fitness function window 124. A structure design has many attributes that may be quantified. Sunlight exposure, energy efficiency, carbon footprint, use of recycled materials, cost per square foot, symmetry of the building, and so on are some examples, and there are many more. It is possible to develop a set of such attributes that represent a quality or "fitness" value for a structure. More specifically, a structure may have a number of such attributes ai, 32, ...a_n. Each attribute may have a weighting wi, w₂, ...w_n that may be applied, respectively, to represent a relative importance of that attribute to the overall fitness of the structure. These weights may be determined based on a user preference, from a population query, derived or interpreted from the behavior of system users, and so forth. It is therefore possible to develop a "Structure Fitness function" (F) for a structure, such that

This is an n-dimensional vector representation. However, there are many other ways to evaluate the fitness function. For example, this function could be quantified as a scalar as

In some applications it may desirable to manipulate the fitness function to obtain a value for analysis and comparison of a structure design. For example, an arithmetic mean fitness function can be represented as

Many other manipulations of the fitness function are possible, as will be appreciated by one skilled in the art based on the present disclosure.

[0057] It will be appreciated that a Structure Fitness function need not be linear in each attribute a. For example, consider the function

XOR(a, b) = \ if a≠b

F =∑^{XOR{a_ua_k))

XOR(a, b) = 0, if a = b

That is, it is not necessarily true that the function value increases when a_u increases. Furthermore, it will also be appreciated that the Structure Fitness function need not be continuous. For example, consider the function

That is, the value of the function F increases by w_k ^*a_k if a_k is greater than the positive integer n, but otherwise the value of F increases by 1 .

[0058] The Structure Fitness function permits a quantitative comparison of different designs, for the same site or for different sites. It also permits users to look for "better" designs (i.e., higher Structure Fitness function) from a library of such designs, such as cell and structure data database 54. Still further, such a Structure Fitness function may be associated with other aspects of the design process described above, such as the approvals and limitations resource 368 (Fig. 5). For example, without proper authority, resource 368 may limit certain users from manipulating a design if such a manipulation lowers the Structure Fitness function.

[0059] In general, attributes of a structure will be the same across users (e.g. the square footage of a structure would not change as a function of who is viewing the structure). The ability to change attributes would be a matter of permission within the system. However, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, any user could be permitted to change a local copy of the weights (i.e., preferences) applied to those attributes in order to investigate changes under different preference scenarios. According to another embodiment, a user may be permitted to "check out" a design and tinker with attributes and weights, but not permitted to check the modified design back in (e.g., the user cannot modify the root design). [0060] With reference once again to Fig. 2, system 50 may be provided with an optimization engine 140, and controls 142 thereover, for optimizing certain portions of the design, for example to meet a design program, to comply with codes and building practices, to meet certain targets for attributes of the design, and so forth. Details regarding the operation of these elements can be found in the aforementioned U.S. patent application 13/1 12,727. As disclosed therein, a user may enter a target value for an aspect of the design, such as target total structure cost. Entering target values for aspects of the design permits the system to display how the design compares to those target values (such as in dashboard 1 10, Fig. 6), as well as allowing the system to optimize the design to meet the targets.

[0061] According to the present disclosure, each user or some group of users may be provided with an interface in which they may specify their own target values for various attributes for the design. For example, an architect may specify a target calculated sunlight exposure, a construction manager may specify a target build time, and developer may specify a target cost, and so on. One or more users may be provided with a view of the attributes targets specifications of the other users. And this may be tied to approvals and limitations resource 368 (Fig. 5) such that certain parties may specify only certain attribute targets, certain target specifications have a higher weight in the optimization process, and so on.

[0062] Returning to Fig. 2, design engine 52 is provided with an interface for communicating with a secondary analysis system 170. Examples of such secondary analysis systems include structural analysis software, environmental simulation software, other design systems, project management systems, supply chain management systems, document production systems, permitting and approval system, and so on. In one embodiment, the communication with secondary analysis system 170 is purely by way of an exchange of data, without user intervention. In such a case, the interface may provide the data in a format in which design engine 52 produces said data (i.e., a native format). Alternatively, the interface may be required to provide the data in a format different that a native format (i.e., a destination format appropriate for the secondary analysis system). In this case, the interface may convert the data into the destination format.

[0063] However, in another embodiment, human interaction is required to facilitate the external analysis performed by secondary analysis system 170 (i.e., system is broad enough in this instance to include a person or groups of people). For example, certain portions of the design may require various comments and approvals, such as a planning commission approval, environmental commission analysis, and so forth. The interface for communicating with a secondary analysis system 170 can therefore be tailored to meet the specific requirements of the parties, and further facilitate receipt of feedback from the secondary analysis system 170. In this way, collaboration with the parties associated with a secondary analysis system 170 is facilitated by system 50.

[0064] With reference to Fig. 8, many secondary analysis systems require that data be provided in a specific format and/or embedded in a specific form. An interface 172 to secondary analysis system 170 can draw relevant design data, in native format, from design engine 52, and convert that data into an appropriate destination format. In addition, or as an alternative approach, interface 172 can format the data for population of an appropriate form template 174, automatically populate such a form, and submit the form directly to secondary analysis system 170. The data/forms may be considered by the secondary analysis system 170 (again, which may comprise an individual or group of individuals as well as a more autonomous computer-based system), and their feedback provided via interface 172 to system 50. System 50 can digest the feedback, and if needed make appropriate design modifications, or alert an appropriate user that modifications may be required in response to the feedback from secondary analysis system 170.

[0065] Referring again to Fig. 2, upon completion of the design, obtaining of permits and approvals, verification of costs, availability, and so forth of the specified systems, components, and services, export engine 200 can provide the design or relevant portions thereof to the specified vendors and service providers, and request confirmation of the commitments made. The system can also provide the final design details to the developer so that the developer can confirm that the design meets the developer's preferences, to facilitate the developer obtaining funding, to request final approval to proceed, and so on. The system may thereafter track changes to the design, cost and delivery changes, and other aspects of implementing the design, and provide a build dashboard, not shown, which can provide an estimate of attributes of the build phase such as cost, time- to-completion, and so on. In sum, the system and methods of the present disclosure permit an improved degree of communication and coordination among the varied participants in the creation of a structure design and implementation of that design as compared to known systems and methods. [0066] While a plurality of preferred exemplary embodiments have been presented in the foregoing detailed description, it should be understood that a vast number of variations exist, and these preferred exemplary embodiments are merely representative examples, and are not intended to limit the scope, applicability or configuration of the disclosure in any way. Various of the above- disclosed and other features and functions, or alternative thereof, may be desirably combined into many other different systems or applications. Various presently unforeseen or unanticipated alternatives, modifications variations, or improvements therein or thereon may be subsequently made by those skilled in the art which are also intended to be encompassed by the claims, below.

[0067] Therefore, the foregoing description provides those of ordinary skill in the art with a convenient guide for implementation of the disclosure, and contemplates that various changes in the functions and arrangements of the described embodiments may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure defined by the claims thereto.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1 . A computer-implemented system for quantifying the fitness of a structure for an intended purpose, comprising: an attributes engine, configured to: receive design data for a structure; quantify a plurality of measures of various attributes of said structure based on said design data; from said quantified plurality of measures of various attributes of said structure, determine a structure fitness function, F, whereby:

F = f(wi ai ,W2 Ci 2 ,. ..w_n a_n ) wherein

, a₂,...a_n are each quantifications of an attribute, respectively, of a structure based on said structure design, and wi , w₂, ...w_n are each a weighting value corresponding to each said attribute quantification, respectively; and said computer-implemented system further comprising an interface for providing an indication of said structure fitness function.

2. The computer-implemented system of claim 1 , wherein said attributes engine is further configured to determine a value for said structure fitness function whereby:

3. The computer-implemented system of claim 2, wherein

4. The computer-implemented system of claim 2, wherein

£( ) = -^■

n

5. The computer-implemented system of claim 1 , further comprising an interface for communicating with a system external to said computer-implemented system, said interface supporting receiving alternate structure design data from said external system, and said attributes engine configured to calculate a structure fitness function from quantified attributes determined from said alternate structure design data and compare said structure fitness function to said structure fitness function calculated from said primary design data.

6. The computer-implemented system of claim 5, further comprising a mechanism configured to determine a relationship between: said structure fitness function from quantified attributes determined from said alternate structure design data; and said structure fitness function from quantified attributes determined from said primary structure design data, and thereby identify the relative impact of various attributes on the value of said structure fitness function.

7. The computer-implemented system of claim 1 , wherein each said quantification of an attribute ai , a₂,...a_n is determined by said attributes engine.

8. The computer-implement system of claim 1 , further comprising an interface for receiving from a resource external to said computer-implemented system at least one value 3k representing a quantification of an attribute of a structure based on said structure design, and said structure fitness function is determined to include said at least one value a_k with a corresponding weighting value w_k.

9. A computer-implemented system for facilitating collaborative structure design efforts, and for coordinating implementation of a resulting design, comprising: a design workspace in which a structure design can be rendered during a design process; a design engine which receives various inputs, and produces a structure design for display in said design workspace; an attributes engine which quantifies measures of various attributes of a structure based on said structure design during the process of designing said structure and updates quantification of said measures when manipulation of aspects of said design result in modification of said design; a first interface, coupled to said design engine, permitting a first user to view and manipulate aspects of said design rendered in said design workspace such that manipulation of said aspects of said design by said first user may be viewable by a second user by way of a second interface; said first interface configured to provide an indication of a structure fitness function, F, determined according to:

wherein ai, a₂,...a_n are each quantifications of an attribute, respectively, of a structure based on said structure design determined by said attributes engine, and wi, w₂,

...w_n are each a weighting value corresponding to each said attribute quantification, respectively.

10. The computer-implemented system of claim 9, wherein: said system is communicatively coupled to a network over which said system may communicate with a repository containing extant structure designs, each said extant design having associated therewith a plurality of quantification values of attributes of a structure based on said extant structure design; said system configured to access said plurality of quantification values of attributes of a structure based on said extant structure design and apply a weighting value for each said attribute quantification value, such that a structure fitness function, F_E, may be determined for said extant structure design; and, said system configured to provide a visual comparison of F to F_E in said first interface.

1 1 . The computer-implemented system of claim 10, further comprising a mechanism configured to identify the relative impact of various attributes on the value F and the relative impact of various attributes on the value F_E, thereby permitting a selection of attributes to optimize said structure fitness function F for a structure based on said structure design.

12. The computer-implemented system of claim 9, wherein said first interface is further configured to permit said first and second user to collaboratively manipulate said design, and further configured to provide an updated indication of the value of said structure fitness function in order to allow said first and second users to determine whether manipulations improve said the value of said structure fitness function or do not improve the value of said structure fitness function.

13. The computer-implemented system, of claim 9, further comprising an optimization engine configured to propose modifications to said design for which said attributes engine quantifies measures of various attributes of a structure based on said modified structure design, said optimization engine configured to determine, based on said quantified measures, whether said proposed modifications improve the value of said structure fitness function or do not improve the value of said structure fitness function.

14. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein: said system is communicatively coupled to a network over which said system may communicate with a repository containing extant structure designs, each said extant design having associated therewith a plurality of quantification values of attributes of a structure based on said extant structure design; said system configured to access said plurality of quantification values of attributes of a structure based on said extant structure design and apply a weighting value for each said attribute quantification value, such that a structure fitness function, F_E, may be determined for said extant structure design; said system configured to provide a comparison of the values of F to F_E, and if F_E is improved over F, extract from said plurality of quantification values of attributes of a structure based on said extant structure design which of the various attributes thereof result in an improved value of F_E; and, said system further configured to modify said design to incorporate at least one of said aspects.

15. A computer-implemented method, for operation within a computer- implemented system, for quantifying the fitness of a structure for an intended purpose, comprising: providing an attributes engine, configured to: receive design data for a structure; quantify a plurality of measures of various attributes of said structure based on said design data; from said quantified plurality of measures of various attributes of said structure, determine a structure fitness function, F, whereby: F = /(Wl fll ,W2 fl2 ,...W_wfl_w) wherein

, a₂,...a_n are each quantifications of an attribute, respectively, of a structure based on said structure design, and wi , w₂, ...w_n are each a weighting value corresponding to each said attribute quantification, respectively; and providing an interface for providing an indication of said structure fitness function.

16. The computer-implemented method of claim 15, wherein said attributes engine is further configured to determine a value for said structure fitness function whereby:

17. The computer-implemented method of claim 16, wherein

18. The computer-implemented method of claim 16, wherein n

19. The computer-implemented method of claim 15, further comprising providing an interface for communicating with a system external to said computer-implemented system, said interface supporting receiving alternate structure design data from said external system, and said attributes engine configured to calculate a structure fitness function from quantified attributes determined from said alternate structure design data and compare said structure fitness function to said structure fitness function calculated from said primary design data.

20. The computer-implemented method of claim 19, further comprising providing a mechanism configured to determine a relationship between: said structure fitness function from quantified attributes determined from said alternate structure design data; and said structure fitness function from quantified attributes determined from said primary structure design data; and said mechanism configured to thereby identify the relative impact of various attributes on the value of said structure fitness function.

21 . The computer-implemented method of claim 15, wherein said attributes engine is configured to determine each said quantification of an attribute ai, a₂,...a_n.

22. The computer-implement method of claim 15, further comprising providing an interface for receiving from a resource external to said computer-implemented system at least one value ak representing a quantification of an attribute of a structure based on said structure design, such that said structure fitness function may be determined to include said at least one value ak with a corresponding weighting value w_k.

23. A computer-implemented method, for operation within a computer- implemented system, for facilitating collaborative structure design efforts, and for coordinating implementation of a resulting design, comprising: providing a design workspace in which a structure design can be rendered during a design process; providing a design engine which receives various inputs, and produces a structure design for display in said design workspace; providing an attributes engine which quantifies measures of various attributes of a structure based on said structure design during the process of designing said structure and updates quantification of said measures when manipulation of aspects of said design result in modification of said design; providing a first interface, coupled to said design engine, permitting a first user to view and manipulate aspects of said design rendered in said design workspace such that manipulation of said aspects of said design by said first user may be viewable by a second user by way of a second interface; said first interface configured to provide an indication of a structure fitness function, F, determined according to:

—► → —► —► —► —►

wherein ai, a₂,...a_n are each quantifications of an attribute, respectively, of a structure based on said structure design determined by said attributes engine, and wi, w₂, ...w_n are each a weighting value corresponding to each said attribute quantification, respectively.

24. The computer-implemented method of claim 23, wherein: providing said system so as to be configured to be communicatively coupled to a network over which said system may communicate with a repository containing extant structure designs, each said extant design having associated therewith a plurality of quantification values of attributes of a structure based on said extant structure design; providing said system so as to be configured to access said plurality of quantification values of attributes of a structure based on said extant structure design and apply a weighting value for each said attribute quantification value, such that a structure fitness function, F_E, may be determined for said extant structure design; and, providing said system so as to be configured to provide a visual comparison of F to F_E in said first interface.

25. The computer-implemented method of claim 24, further comprising providing a mechanism configured to identify the relative impact of various attributes on the value F and the relative impact of various attributes on the value F_E, thereby permitting a selection of attributes to optimize said structure fitness function F for a structure based on said structure design.

26. The computer-implemented method of claim 23, further comprising providing said first interface configured to permit said first and second user to collaboratively manipulate said design, and further configured to provide an updated indication of the value of said structure fitness function in order to allow said first and second users to determine whether manipulations improve said the value of said structure fitness function or do not improve the value of said structure fitness function.

27. The computer-implemented method, of claim 23, further comprising providing an optimization engine configured to propose modifications to said design for which said attributes engine quantifies measures of various attributes of a structure based on said modified structure design, said optimization engine configured to determine, based on said quantified measures, whether said proposed modifications improve the value of said structure fitness function or do not improve the value of said structure fitness function.

28. The computer-implemented method of claim 27, further comprising: providing an interface for communicatively coupling to a network over which said computer-implemented system may communicate with a repository containing extant structure designs, each said extant design having associated therewith a plurality of quantification values of attributes of a structure based on said extant structure design; providing said computer-implemented system so as to be configured to access said plurality of quantification values of attributes of a structure based on said extant structure design and apply a weighting value for each said attribute quantification value, such that a structure fitness function, F_E, may be determined for said extant structure design; providing said computer-implemented system so as to be configured to provide a comparison of the values of F to F_E, and if F_E is improved over F, extract from said plurality of quantification values of attributes of a structure based on said extant structure design which of the various attributes thereof result in an improved value of F_E; and, providing said computer-implemented system so as to be configured to modify said design to incorporate at least one of said aspects.

29. A non-transitory computer readable medium having computer program logic stored thereon executable on one or more processors for facilitating collaborative structure design efforts, and for coordinating implementation of a resulting design, the computer program logic comprising: code for implementing an attributes engine within a first computer system, configured to: receive design data for a structure; quantify a plurality of measures of various attributes of said structure based on said design data; from said quantified plurality of measures of various attributes of said structure, determine a structure fitness function, F, whereby:

F = /(Wl fll ,W2 fl2 ,...Wn fln ) wherein

, a₂,...a_n are each quantifications of an attribute, respectively, of a structure based on said structure design, and wi , w₂, ...w_n are each a weighting value corresponding to each said attribute quantification, respectively; and code for implementing an interface for providing an indication of said structure fitness function.

30. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 29, further comprising: code for implementing an interface for communicating with a computer system external to said first computer system, said interface supporting receiving alternate structure design data from said external computer system, and said attributes engine configured to calculate a structure fitness function from quantified attributes determined from said alternate structure design data and compare said structure fitness function to said structure fitness function calculated from said primary design data.

31 . The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 30, further comprising: code for implementing a mechanism configured to determine a relationship between: said structure fitness function from quantified attributes determined from said alternate structure design data; and said structure fitness function from quantified attributes determined from said primary structure design data; and thereby identify the relative impact of various attributes on the value of said structure fitness function.

32. A non-transitory computer readable medium having computer program logic stored thereon executable on one or more processors for facilitating collaborative structure design efforts, and for coordinating implementation of a resulting design, the computer program logic comprising: code for implementing a design workspace in which a structure design can be rendered during a design process; code for implementing a design engine which receives various inputs, and produces a structure design for display in said design workspace; code for implementing an attributes engine which quantifies measures of various attributes of a structure based on said structure design during the process of designing said structure and updates quantification of said measures when manipulation of aspects of said design result in modification of said design; code for implementing a first interface, coupled to said design engine, permitting a first user to view and manipulate aspects of said design rendered in said design workspace such that manipulation of said aspects of said design by said first user may be viewable by a second user by way of a second interface; said first interface configured to provide an indication of a structure fitness function, F, determined according to:

F = f(wi ai ,W2 a 2 _r . .w_n a _n ) wherein ai, a₂,...a_n are each quantifications of an attribute, respectively, of a structure based on said structure design determined by said attributes engine, and wi, w₂, ...w_n are each a weighting value corresponding to each said attribute quantification, respectively.

33. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 32, further comprising: code for implementing said system so as to permit communicative coupling to a network over which said system may communicate with a repository containing extant structure designs, each said extant design having associated therewith a plurality of quantification values of attributes of a structure based on said extant structure design; code for implementing said system so as to be configured to access said plurality of quantification values of attributes of a structure based on said extant structure design and apply a weighting value for each said attribute quantification value, such that a structure fitness function, F_E, may be determined for said extant structure design; and, code for implementing said system so as to be configured to provide a visual comparison of F to F_E in said first interface.

34. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 33, further comprising: code for implementing a mechanism configured to identify the relative impact of various attributes on the value F and the relative impact of various attributes on the value F_E, thereby permitting a selection of attributes to optimize said structure fitness function F for a structure based on said structure design.