WO2012159393A1 - 永磁电励磁混合直流电机 - Google Patents

永磁电励磁混合直流电机 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2012159393A1
WO2012159393A1 PCT/CN2011/079397 CN2011079397W WO2012159393A1 WO 2012159393 A1 WO2012159393 A1 WO 2012159393A1 CN 2011079397 W CN2011079397 W CN 2011079397W WO 2012159393 A1 WO2012159393 A1 WO 2012159393A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotor
magnetic
permanent magnet
rotor core
magnetic steel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/079397
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
马加良
Original Assignee
Ma Jialiang
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ma Jialiang filed Critical Ma Jialiang
Publication of WO2012159393A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012159393A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/46Motors having additional short-circuited winding for starting as an asynchronous motor
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K17/00Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators
    • H02K17/02Asynchronous induction motors
    • H02K17/26Asynchronous induction motors having rotors or stators designed to permit synchronous operation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a DC motor, and more particularly to a permanent magnet electrically excited hybrid DC motor that adjusts the output torque by changing the magnetic field. Background technique
  • the brushless permanent magnet DC motor is shown in Fig. 2, which includes the body 1, the rotating shaft 4, the stator core 6, the rotor core 7, the bearing 8, the position sensor 2, the stator armature winding 3, the magnetic steel 5, the stator electric
  • the pivot winding 3 is wound around the stator core 6, and the magnetic steel 5 is fixed to the rotor core 7.
  • the working principle of the brushless permanent magnet DC motor is shown in Figure 1.
  • the position sensor 2 detects the position of the magnet 5 relative to the armature winding 3, and supplies the position signal to the brushless controller.
  • the brushless controller performs the logic conversion to generate the pulse.
  • Position sensor 2 can use magnetic sensitive Hall sensor, magnetoelectric sensor, photoelectric sensor, contact switch sensor, etc. according to different work requirements. The most commonly used position sensor is a magnetically sensitive Hall sensor.
  • the first way is to directly fix the magnetic sensitive Hall sensor on the stator core 6, using the magnetic steel 5 as the induction magnet; the second way is the magnetic sensitive Hall sensor. It is fixed on the end cover of the body 1 and is close to the sensing magnet on the rotating shaft 4 and maintains a certain gap. It can also be used with a position sensorless controller, eliminating the need for a position sensor and making the motor structure easier, as the controller is not described in the prior art.
  • the above brushless permanent magnet DC motor cannot meet the following requirements during use: 1. When driving normally, the motor speed is required to be fast and the output torque is small; 2. When climbing or heavy load, the motor speed is required to be slow and the output torque is required. Big. As a result, the brushless permanent magnet DC motor is often operated under abnormal conditions during climbing and heavy load, forcing the electric motor to work in the low efficiency zone, causing the motor to stall, generate heat, or even stop rotating, causing sudden high current of the battery and Deep discharge causes damage to important components such as motors, batteries, and brushless controllers. For this reason, many manufacturers and people of insight have carried out fruitful development and research, but so far no reasonable products have been available. Invention content
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a permanent magnet electrically excited hybrid DC motor which has a simple and reasonable structure and can output different torques according to different requirements.
  • the invention creates a technical solution for solving the technical problem thereof, which comprises a body, a stator core, a rotor core and a rotating shaft, wherein the rotating shaft is rotatably disposed on the body through a bearing, and the rotor core is fixed on the rotating shaft, on the stator core
  • There are at least three sets of stator armature windings at least one pair of magnetic steel is arranged on the surface of the rotor core, and the rotor core is wound with a rotor excitation winding which is consistent with the magnetic pole surface of the magnetic steel, and a collecting ring is fixed on the rotating shaft, and the body is fixed on the body
  • a brush assembly is provided which is matched with the collector ring, and the rotor field winding is connected to the collector ring.
  • the magnetic steel is provided with at least one magnetic conductive hole, and the rotor core penetrates into the magnetic conductive hole.
  • the magnetic steel is mounted on a card slot on the surface of the rotor core.
  • An insulating pin with an interference fit is disposed on the winding groove of the rotor core.
  • a position sensor is fixed on the stator core, and the position sensor corresponds to the magnetic steel.
  • a position sensor is fixed on the end cover of the body, and a sensing magnet is fixed on the rotating shaft, and the position sensor corresponds to the sensing magnet.
  • the position sensor is any one of a magnetic-sensitive Hall sensor, a magneto-electric sensor, a photoelectric sensor, and a contact sensor.
  • the stator armature winding works during normal operation, the rotor excitation winding does not work, and the magnetic field is supplied by the magnetic steel.
  • the working principle is the same as that of the brushless permanent magnet DC motor.
  • the control circuit of the brushless controller performs logic transformation to generate pulse width modulation.
  • the PWM signal is amplified by the driving circuit and then the inverter pushes the power switch tube, so that the stator armature windings work in sequence, and an effective jumping rotating magnetic field is generated in the air gap, and the rotor magnetic field is subjected to the rotating magnetic field in the air gap.
  • the motor can work at high speed and low torque to improve the power factor of the motor, and there is no rotor resistance loss during stable operation, which makes the efficiency higher than that of the induction motor of the same specification.
  • Magnetic brushless DC motors maintain high efficiency and power factor from 25% to 120% of rated load, thus enabling electricity
  • the machine has significant energy savings when operating, especially at light loads.
  • the stator armature winding current la increases, when the load current exceeds the rated current.
  • the brushless controller turns on the power supply of the rotor excitation winding, and adjusts the voltage applied to the rotor excitation winding by detecting the magnitude of the load current, and the voltage is applied to the rotor excitation winding through the brush assembly and the collector ring; the rotor excitation winding is energized After generating a magnetic field, the magnetic field and the magnetic steel The magnetic fields are superimposed, the magnetic flux ⁇ m and the air gap flux ⁇ ⁇ intensity and density increase, the motor speed decreases, the torque increases significantly, and the motor enters the low speed and high torque working state.
  • the stator armature winding When the current I a drops, the motor is smoothly operated, which improves the overload capability of the motor.
  • the brushless controller provides the rotor excitation winding voltage also decreases, so that the magnetic flux ⁇ m and the air gap flux ⁇ ⁇ intensity and density in the rotor excitation winding linearly decrease until the load current reaches the normal setting. Value, the brushless controller automatically cuts off the power supply of the rotor excitation winding, and the motor returns to normal working condition, effectively improving the climbing ability and overload capability.
  • Figure 1 Large ⁇ Block diagram of the control principle of the existing brushless permanent magnet DC motor.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the first magnetic structure of the steel structure of the steel structure.
  • Figure 4 Large ⁇ This invention creates a schematic diagram of the rotor of the first ⁇ steel structure.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the rotor structure of the first magnetic steel structure.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of a magnetic steel of the first magnetic steel structure.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of a motor of the second magnetic steel structure.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view of a rotor for creating a second magnetic steel structure.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of a rotor of a second magnetic steel structure.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view of the second embodiment of the invention; a magnetic steel structure of a magnetic steel structure.
  • Figure 1 1 is a third schematic diagram of the rotor of the magnetic steel structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 1 2 is the third creation of the present invention.
  • the rotor structure of the magnetic steel structure is shown in Figure 1
  • Figure 1 3 shows the fourth type of the invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural view of a motor for creating a second collector ring scheme according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the motor for creating a third collector ring scheme according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 to FIG. 6 show a specific embodiment of a first magnetic steel structure for creating a permanent magnet electric excitation hybrid DC motor according to the present invention, which comprises a body 1, a stator core 6, a rotor core 7, a rotating shaft 4, and a rotating shaft 4 Rotatablely disposed on the body 1, the rotor core 7 is fixed on the rotating shaft 4, and at least three sets of stator armature windings 3 are arranged on the stator core 6, and the magnetic steel 5 is directly fixed on the surface of the rotor core 7, the rotor iron
  • the core 7 is wound with a rotor exciting winding 1 2 corresponding to the magnetic pole of the surface of the magnetic steel 5, and a collecting ring 10 is fixed on the rotating shaft 4, and a brush assembly 9 matched with the collecting ring 10 is fixed on the body 1.
  • the rotor field winding 12 is connected to the collector ring 10.
  • a position sensor 2 is fixed to the stator core 6, and the position sensor 2 corresponds to the magnetic steel 5.
  • the position sensor 2 can also be fixed to the end cover of the body 1, corresponding to the sensing magnet fixed to the shaft 4, and the same effect can be achieved.
  • the position sensor 2 is any one of a magnetic sensitive Hall sensor, a magnetoelectric sensor, a photoelectric sensor and a contact sensor, and is selected according to the detection requirements and actual needs.
  • FIG. 10 show a specific embodiment of the second magnetic steel structure of the present invention, which is different from the specific embodiment of the first magnetic steel structure: at least the magnetic steel 5 is provided A magnetic conductive hole 1 1 , the rotor core 7 penetrates into the magnetic conductive hole 1 1 , and the magnetic conductive hole 1 1 not only fixes the magnetic steel 5 and the rotor core 7 firmly, but also can generate a magnetic field generated by the rotor exciting winding 12 Directly passing through the magnetic permeability hole 1 1 and the magnetic field of the magnetic steel 5, the magnetic field strength generated is significantly better than the specific embodiment of the first magnetic steel structure. 11 and FIG.
  • the magnetic steel 5 is mounted on the rotor core 7
  • the winding core of the rotor core 7 is provided with an interference fit insulating pin 13 for partial deformation of the rotor core 7 to fasten the magnetic steel 5 to ensure reliable fixation of the magnetic steel 5 and the rotor core 7. .
  • FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 show a specific embodiment of the fourth magnetic steel structure according to the present invention, which is different from the specific embodiment of the third magnetic steel structure: the magnetic steel 5 is mounted on the rotor core 7 On the surface of the card slot, the winding core of the rotor core 7 is provided with an interference fit insulating pin 13 for partial deformation of the rotor core 7 to fasten the magnetic steel 5 to ensure reliable fixation of the magnetic steel 5 and the rotor core 7. .
  • the magnetic steel 5 is provided with a magnetic conductive hole 1 1 at least, and the rotor core 7 penetrates into the magnetic conductive hole 1 1 , and the magnetic conductive hole 1 1 can not only fix the magnetic steel 5 and the rotor core 7 firmly, Moreover, the magnetic field generated by the rotor field winding 12 can be directly transmitted through the magnetic permeability hole 1 1 and the magnetic field of the magnetic steel 5.
  • stator armature winding 3 works, the rotor excitation winding 1 2 does not work, the magnetic field is supplied by the magnetic steel 5, and the stator armature winding 3 is controlled by the brushless controller, and the stator armature windings 3 are Working in sequence, and generating an effective jumping rotating magnetic field in the air gap, driving the rotor magnetic field to run continuously in a fixed direction.
  • the motor is in high speed and small torque working state, high power factor, no rotor resistance loss, and rated load range. Both high efficiency and power factor can be maintained, especially in light load operation with significant energy savings.
  • the stator armature winding 3 current increases, when the load current exceeds the rated current, the brushless controller turns on the rotor excitation winding 1 2
  • the power supply and adjust the voltage applied to the rotor field winding 12 by detecting the magnitude of the load current, the voltage is passed through the brush assembly 9, the collector ring 10 is applied to the rotor field winding 12; the rotor field winding 1 2 is energized After the magnetic field is generated, the magnetic field is superimposed on the magnetic field of the magnetic steel 5.
  • the brushless controller provides the voltage of the rotor field winding 12 to be lowered accordingly, so that the magnetic flux and density of the magnetic flux and the air gap of each pole in the rotor field winding 12 are linearly decreased until the load current reaches the normal set value.
  • the brushless controller automatically cuts off the power supply attached to the rotor field winding 12, and the motor returns to normal operation.
  • FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 are schematic diagrams showing the structure of the motor when the second and third collector ring schemes are adopted on the basis of FIG. 7 according to the present invention, which is different from the first collector ring scheme shown in FIG.
  • the brush assembly 9 is different from the collector ring 10; the two brushes of the first collector ring scheme brush assembly 9 are in contact with the collector ring 10 in the same direction in the circumference;
  • the second brush of the second collector ring scheme brush assembly 9 is in contact with the collector ring 10 in the circumferential direction; the second collector ring of the third collector ring scheme 9 is brushed and collected.
  • the sides of the ring 10 are in contact.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Brushless Motors (AREA)

Abstract

一种永磁电励磁混合直流电机,包括机体(1)、定子铁芯(6)、转子铁芯(7)、转轴(4)。转轴(4)设置在机体(1)上,定子铁芯(6)上至少设有三组定子电枢绕组(3),转子铁芯(7)表面至少设有一对磁钢(5),该转子铁芯(7)上绕有与磁钢(5)表面磁极相一致的转子励磁绕组(12),转轴(4)上固定有集电环(10),机体(1)上固定有电刷总成(9),转子励磁绕组(12)与集电环(10)连接。该磁钢(5)上设有至少一个导磁孔(11),转子铁芯(7)深入该导磁孔(11)内。采用该电机的电动车辆具有结构简单合理、工作稳定、爬坡能力好、效率高的优点。

Description

说 明 书
永磁电励磁混合直流电机
技术领域
本发明创造涉及一种直流 电机,特别是一种通过改变磁场调节输出 扭矩的永磁电励磁混合直流 电机。 背景技术
随着社会的发展和科技的进步, 生活水平不断提高, 能源紧缺及环 境污染问题却是 日 益突出 , 电动汽车、 电动三轮车和电动二轮车 由于具 有环保节能、 搡作简单方便、 运行成本省 , 近几年得到快速发展, 电动 车无刷永磁直流 电机供不应求。无刷永磁直流 电机在现代节能家电及高 档工业设备中应用也相 当普遍。
目 前无刷永磁直流电机如 图 2 所示 , 它包括机体 1、 转轴 4、 定子 铁芯 6、 转子铁芯 7、 轴承 8、 位置传感器 2、 定子电枢绕组 3、 磁钢 5 , 定子电枢绕组 3 绕在定子铁芯 6 上, 磁钢 5 固定在转子铁芯 7 上。 无刷 永磁直流 电机工作原理如图 1 所示, 位置传感器 2 检测磁钢 5 相对于电 枢绕组 3 的位置, 把位置信号提供给无刷控制器, 无刷控制器进行逻辑 转换后产生脉宽调制 的 PWM信号 ,经过驱动 电路放大后逆变推动功率开 关管 , 从而使各定子电枢绕组 2 按顺序工作, 并在气隙 中产生有效跳跃 式旋转磁场,转子磁场受到气隙 中 转动磁场的作用下沿着固定方向连续 运转 , 直流 电机输出 动力 , 直流 电源一般采用 蓄 电池 。 位置传感器 2 根据不 同工作需要可采用磁敏式霍尔传感器、 磁 电式传感器、 光电式传 感器、触点开关式传感器等。最常用 的位置传感器为磁敏式霍尔传感器, 其安装位置通常有两种方式: 第一种方式是将直接将磁敏式霍尔传感器 固定在定子铁芯 6 上, 利用磁钢 5 作为感应磁体; 第二种方式是磁敏式 霍尔传感器固定在机体 1 的端盖上与转轴 4上的传感磁钢接近并保持一 定间 隙。 现在也可与 无位置传感控制器配合使用 , 可省去位置传感器, 使电机结构更为简便, 由于控制器是现有技术在此不再描述。
上述无刷永磁直流电机在使用过程中 由于无法满足如下要求: 1、 当正常行驶时, 要求电机转速快、 输出扭矩小; 2、 当爬坡或大负 载 时, 要求电机转速慢、 输出扭矩大。 导致在爬坡和大负载 时常常使无刷永磁 直流 电机处于非正常状态下运转, 迫使电动车电机在低效率 区工作, 导 致电机堵转、 发热, 甚至停止转动 , 引 起蓄 电池突然大电流和深度放电, 造成 电机、 蓄 电池、 无刷控制器等重要部件受到冲击损坏。 为 此, 许多 生产厂家和有识之士都进行 了 卓有成效地开发和研究 ,但至今尚未有合 理的产 品面世。 发明 内容
为 了 克服现有无刷永磁直流 电机存在的上述弊病 , 本发明创造的 目 的是提供一种结构简单合理、能根据不同要求输出不同扭矩的永磁 电 励磁混合直流电机。
本发明创造解决其技术问题所采用 的技术方案 , 它包括机体、 定子 铁芯、 转子铁芯、 转轴, 转轴通过轴承可转动地设置在机体上, 转子铁 芯固定在转轴上, 定子铁芯上至少设有三组定子电枢绕组, 转子铁芯表 面至少设有一对磁钢 ,所述转子铁芯上绕有与磁钢表面磁极相 一致的转 子励磁绕组, 转轴上固定有集电环, 机体上固定有与集电环相配合的 电 刷总成 , 转子励磁绕组与集电环连接。
所述的磁钢上设有至少 一个导磁孔, 转子铁芯深入该导磁孔 内 。 所述的磁钢安装在转子铁芯表面的卡槽上。
所述转子铁芯的绕线槽上设有过盈配合的绝缘插销 。
所述的定子铁芯上固定有位置传感器, 位置传感器与磁钢相对应。 所述机体的端盖上固定有位置传感器, 转轴上固定有传感磁钢 , 位 置传感器与传感磁钢相对应。
所述的位置传感器是磁敏式霍尔传感器、 磁 电式传感器、 光电式传 感器和触点式传感器的任一种。
釆用 上述结构后 , 与现有技术 比较有如下优点和效果:
一是正常工作时定子电枢绕组工作, 转子励磁绕组不工作, 由磁钢 提供磁场, 其工作原理与无刷永磁直流电机相 同,无刷控制器的控制 电 路进行逻辑变换后产生脉宽调制 的 PWM信号 ,经过驱动 电路放大后逆变 推动功率开关管 , 从而使各定子电枢绕组按顺序工作, 并在气隙 中产生 有效跳跃式旋转磁场,转子磁场受到气隙 中 转动磁场的作用 下沿着固定 方 向连续运转, 此时的转矩为 M = C D m (D 5 Ia, C 为 常数, Φ πι 为每极 磁通, Φ δ 为气隙磁通, I a 为定子 电枢绕组电流, 这时不需要励磁 电 流, 电机在高转速小扭矩工作状态, 可提高电动机的功率 因数, 而且在 稳定运行时没有转子 电 阻损耗, 从而使其效率 比 同 规格的感应 电机有 所提高, 而且永磁无刷直流 电机在 25%-120%额定负载范围 内均可保持 较高效率和功率 因数, 从而使电机在运转时, 特别是轻负载运行时有着 显著的节能效果。
二是 当 负载大于设定值时, 例如爬坡、 大负 载 , 所需转矩增大, 根 据 Μ = 0 Φιη Φ δ Ι , 定子电枢绕组电流 la 增大, 当 负载 电流超过额定 电流时,无刷控制器接通转子励磁绕组的 电源 , 并通过检测负载 电流大 小调节加载在转子励磁绕组上的 电压高低, 电压经过电刷总成、 集电环 加在转子励磁绕组上; 转子励磁绕组通电后产生磁场, 该磁场与磁钢 的 磁场叠加在一起,每极磁通 Φ m、 气隙磁通 Φ δ 强度和密度增 强, 电机转 速随之下降, 转矩明 显增加, 电机进入到低转速大扭矩工作状态, 此时 定子电枢绕组电流 I a 下降, 电机得到 了 平稳运行, 提高 了 电机的过载 能力 。 当 负 载下降后, 无刷控制器提供转子励磁绕组 电压也随之下调 , 使转子励磁绕组 中每极磁通 Φ m , 气 隙磁通 Φ δ 强度和密度线性下降, 直到 负 载 电流达到正常设定值, 无刷控制器 自 动切断转子励磁绕组 电 源, 电机恢复正常工作状态, 有效提高 了爬坡能力和过载 能力。
三是结合了 有刷励磁直流 电机和无刷永磁直流 电机优点 ,具有结构 简单合理、 运行平稳、 电机效率高、 节能效果好、 使用寿命长等优点 。 说明
图 1 大 ί 现有无刷永磁直流 电机的控制原理框图。
图 2 大 ί 现有的无刷永磁直流 : 电机结构示意图。
图 3 大 ί本发明创造第一种磁 ;钢结构的 电机结构示意 图。
图 4 大 ί本发明创造第一种 ί钢结构的转子示意图。
图 5 大 ί本发明创造第一种磁 ί钢结构的转子结构示意 图。
图 6 大 ί本发明创造第一种磁 ί钢结构的磁钢示意图。
图 7 ί本发明创造第二种磁 ί钢结构的 电机结构示意 图。
图 8 ί本发明创造第二种磁 ί钢结构的转子示意图。
图 9 ί本发明创造第二种磁 ί钢结构的转子结构示意 图。
图 1 0 为本发明创造第二种 ;磁钢结构的磁钢示意图。
图 1 1 为本发明创造第三种 ;磁钢结构的转子示意图。
图 1 2 为本发明创造第三种 ;磁钢结构的转子结构示 1 图
图 1 3 为本发明创造第四种 ;磁钢结构的转子示意图。
图 1 4 为本发明创造第四种 ;磁钢结构的转子结构示 1 图 图 1 5 为本发明创造第二种集电环方案的 电机结构示意 图。
图 1 6 为本发明创造第三种集电环方案的 电机结构示意 图。
其中 1 机体, 2 位置传感器, 3 定子电枢绕组, 4 转轴, 5 磁钢 , 6 定子铁芯 , 7 转子铁芯, 8 轴承, 9 电刷总成 , 1 0 集电环, 1 1 导磁孔,
1 2 转子励磁绕组, 1 3 不导磁插销。 具体实施方式
图 3 至图 6 所示 ,为本发明创造永磁电励磁混合直流 电机第一种磁 钢结构的具体实施方案, 它包括机体 1、 定子铁芯 6、 转子铁芯 7、 转 轴 4, 转轴 4 可转动地设置在机体 1 上, 转子铁芯 7 固定在转轴 4 上, 定子铁芯 6 上至少设有三组定子电枢绕组 3 , 磁钢 5 直接固定在转子铁 芯 7 表面,所述转子铁芯 7 上绕有与磁钢 5 表面磁极相一致的转子励磁 绕组 1 2 , 转轴 4 上固定有集电环 1 0 , 机体 1 上固定有与集电环 1 0 相配 合的 电刷总成 9, 转子励磁绕组 1 2 与集电环 1 0 连接。 所述的定子铁芯 6 上固定有位置传感器 2, 位置传感器 2 与磁钢 5 相对应。 当 然位置传 感器 2 也可 以固定在机体 1 的端盖上,与 固定在转轴 4 上的传感磁钢相 对应 , 同样能达到相 同 的效果。 所述的位置传感器 2 是磁敏式霍尔传感 器、 磁电式传感器、 光电式传感器和触点 式传感器的任一种, 根据检测 要求和实际需要进行选择。
图 7 至图 1 0 所示 ,为本发明创造第二种磁钢结构的具体实施方案, 与第一种磁钢结构的具体实施方案不同之处是:所述的磁钢 5 上设有至 少一个导磁孔 1 1 , 转子铁芯 7 深入该导磁孔 1 1 内 , 导磁孔 1 1 不仅能 使磁钢 5 与转子铁芯 7 固定牢固 , 而且能使转子励磁绕组 1 2 产生的磁 场直接透过导磁孔 1 1 与磁钢 5 磁场叠加, 共同产生的磁场强度明 显优 于第一种磁钢结构的具体实施方案。 图 1 1和图 1 2所示,为本发明创造第三种磁钢结构的具体实施方案, 与第一种磁钢结构的具体实施方案不同之处是:磁钢 5 安装在转子铁芯 7 表面的卡槽上, 转子铁芯 7 的绕线槽上设有过盈配合的绝缘插销 1 3 , 使转子铁芯 7 局部变形扣紧磁钢 5 ,保证磁钢 5 与 转子铁芯 7 固定可靠。
图 1 3和图 1 4所示,为本发明创造第四种磁钢结构的具体实施方案, 与第三种磁钢结构的具体实施方案不同之处是:磁钢 5 安装在转子铁芯 7 表面的卡槽上, 转子铁芯 7 的绕线槽上设有过盈配合的绝缘插销 1 3, 使转子铁芯 7 局部变形扣紧磁钢 5 ,保证磁钢 5 与 转子铁芯 7 固定可靠。 所述的磁钢 5 上到少设有一个导磁孔 1 1 , 转子铁芯 7 深入该导磁孔 1 1 内 , 导磁孔 1 1 不仅能使磁钢 5 与 转子铁芯 7 固定牢固 , 而且能使转子 励磁绕组 1 2 产生的磁场直接透过导磁孔 1 1 与磁钢 5 磁场叠加。
本发明创造正常工作时, 定子电枢绕组 3 工作, 转子励磁绕组 1 2 不工作 ·> 由磁钢 5 提供磁场, 定子电枢绕组 3 在无刷控制器的控制下, 各定子电枢绕组 3 按顺序工作 , 并在气隙 中产生有效跳跃式旋转磁场, 带动转子磁场沿着固定方向连续运转,此时电机在高转速小扭矩工作状 态, 功率 因数高, 无转子电 阻损耗,在额定负 载 范 围 内均可保持较高的 效率和功率因数,特别是轻负 载运行时有着显著的节能效果。
当 负 载大于设定值时, 例如爬坡、 大负 载 , 所需转矩增大,定子电 枢绕组 3 电流增大, 当负载 电流超过额定电流时,无刷控制器接通转子 励磁绕组 1 2 的 电源, 并通过检测负载 电流大小调节加载在转子励磁绕 组 1 2 上的 电压高低, 电压经过电刷总成 9、 集电环 1 0 加在转子励磁绕 组 1 2 上; 转子励磁绕组 1 2 通电后产生磁场, 该磁场与磁钢 5 的磁场叠 加在一起,每一极磁通和气隙磁通强度和密度增 强, 电机转速随之下降, 转矩明 显增加, 电机进入到低转速大扭矩工作状态, 此时定子电枢绕组 3 电流下降, 电机得到 了 平稳运行, 有效地提高 了 电机的过载 能力 。 当 负载下降时, 无刷控制器提供转子励磁绕组 1 2 的 电压也随之下调 , 使 转子励磁绕组 1 2 中每极磁通和气隙磁通强度和密度线性下降, 直到负 载 电流达到正常设定值, 无刷控制器 自 动切断附加在转子励磁绕组 1 2 上的 电源, 电机恢复正常工作状态。
图 1 5 和图 1 6 所示,为本发明创造在图 7 基础上采用 第二和第三种 集电环方案时的 电机结构示意 图 ,与 图 7 所示的第一种集电环方案不 同 之处是: 电刷总成 9 与集电环 1 0 的连接方式不同 ; 第一种集电环方案 电刷总成 9 的二个电刷在圆周 同 一方 向 与集电环 1 0 相接触; 第二种集 电环方案 电刷总成 9 的二个电刷在圆周相对方 向 与集电环 1 0 相接触; 第三种集电环方案 电刷总成 9 的二个电刷与集电环 1 0 的侧面相接触。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种永磁电励磁混合直流电机, 包括机体(1)、 定子铁芯 (6)、 转子 铁芯 (7)、 转轴 (4), 转轴 (4)可转动地设置在机体(1)上, 转子铁芯 (7)固定 在转轴(4)上, 定子铁芯 (6)上至少设有三组定子电枢绕组 (3), 转子铁芯 (7) 表面至少设有一对磁钢 (5), 其特征是: 所述转子铁芯 (7)上绕有与磁钢 (5) 表面磁极相一致的转子励磁绕组 (12) , 转轴 (4)上固定有集电环 (10) , 机体 (1)上固定有与集电环(10)相配合的电刷总成 (9) , 转子励磁绕组 (12)与集电 环(10)连接。
2、 根据权利 求 1 所述的永磁电励磁混合直流电机, 其特征是: 所述 的磁钢 (5)上设有至少一个导磁孔(11) , 转子铁芯 (7)深入该导磁孔 (11)内。
3、 根据权利要求 1 或 2 所述的永磁电励磁混合直流电机, 其特征是: 所述的磁钢 (5)安装在转子铁芯 (7)表面的卡槽上。
4、 根据权利要求 3 所述的永磁电励磁混合直流电机, 其特征是: 所述 转子铁芯(7)的绕线槽上设有过盈配合的绝缘插销 (13)。
5、 根据权利要求 4 所述的永磁电励磁混合直流电机, 其特征是: 所述 的定子铁芯 (6)上固定有位置传感器(2) , 位置传感器(2)与磁钢 (5)相对应。
6、 根据权利要求 4 所述的永磁电励磁混合直流电机, 其特征是: 所述 机体(1)的端盖上固定有位置传感器(2) , 转轴 (4)上固定有传感磁钢, 位置 传感器(2)与传感磁钢相对应。
7、 根据权利要求 5 所述的永磁电励磁混合直流电机, 其特征是: 所述 的位置传感器(2)是磁敏式霍尔传感器、 磁电式传感器、 光电式传感器和触 点式传感器的任一种。
PCT/CN2011/079397 2011-05-25 2011-09-07 永磁电励磁混合直流电机 WO2012159393A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201110136026.5 2011-05-25
CN2011101360265A CN102801233A (zh) 2011-05-25 2011-05-25 永磁电励磁混合直流电机

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012159393A1 true WO2012159393A1 (zh) 2012-11-29

Family

ID=47200244

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2011/079397 WO2012159393A1 (zh) 2011-05-25 2011-09-07 永磁电励磁混合直流电机

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN102801233A (zh)
WO (1) WO2012159393A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103532327B (zh) * 2013-10-10 2016-01-06 车晋绥 无刷三相交流发电机
CN106649998B (zh) * 2016-11-17 2020-07-14 上海空间推进研究所 直流电机的负载转矩动态特性模拟系统及其模拟方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003049273A1 (en) * 2001-12-03 2003-06-12 Electric Boat Corporation Flux shunt wave shape control arrangement for permanent magnet machines
US20070090713A1 (en) * 2005-10-26 2007-04-26 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Hybrid-excited rotating machine, and vehicle with the hybrid-excited rotating machine
CN201008107Y (zh) * 2007-02-14 2008-01-16 蔡国法 一种电机转子

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3710658A1 (de) * 1987-03-31 1988-10-13 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag Elektronisch kommutierter, kollektorloser gleichstrommotor
KR100725758B1 (ko) * 2004-03-30 2007-06-08 삼성광주전자 주식회사 전동 송풍기 및 이를 이용한 자동차용 전동 과급기
CN100486082C (zh) * 2005-12-31 2009-05-06 李金东 直流电机
CN201369658Y (zh) * 2008-12-13 2009-12-23 永济新时速电机电器有限责任公司 变频永磁同步电动机
CN201466928U (zh) * 2009-06-02 2010-05-12 上海电机学院 Halbach并列转子混合励磁同步电机
CN102064650A (zh) * 2010-12-30 2011-05-18 安徽皖南新维电机有限公司 混合励磁直流电机

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003049273A1 (en) * 2001-12-03 2003-06-12 Electric Boat Corporation Flux shunt wave shape control arrangement for permanent magnet machines
US20070090713A1 (en) * 2005-10-26 2007-04-26 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Hybrid-excited rotating machine, and vehicle with the hybrid-excited rotating machine
CN201008107Y (zh) * 2007-02-14 2008-01-16 蔡国法 一种电机转子

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN102801233A (zh) 2012-11-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20120169161A1 (en) Disk motor using a permanent magnet and bypassing the magnetic force of the magnet
CN202435223U (zh) 电动汽车混合励磁同步电机
CN201386637Y (zh) 一种全电压适应无级调速驱动直流风机
CN107171520B (zh) 轴向永磁辅助磁阻型复合转子高速电机及其控制方法
CN104506005B (zh) 一种电动汽车轮毂式永磁电机
WO2012159393A1 (zh) 永磁电励磁混合直流电机
CN110492710B (zh) 一种双转子发电机及其控制方法
CN100486082C (zh) 直流电机
CN103066906A (zh) 一种永磁无刷直流起/发电机的控制发电系统及控制方法
CN201332325Y (zh) 一种节能的负压产生装置
CN102801274A (zh) 电子换向电励磁直流电机
CN111224596A (zh) 一种感应电机改造永磁同步电机拖动装置
CN110474401A (zh) 一种回收反电动势用来充电的充电系统及充电方法
TWI531720B (zh) Brake control system of wind power generator and method thereof
CN202488317U (zh) 一种直流电机
CN205489997U (zh) 一种无刷直流电动机
CN215734072U (zh) 一种直流无刷马达装置
CN104022610B (zh) 自励复合励磁高效永磁同步发电机
CN207490724U (zh) 一种励磁发电机
CN202094778U (zh) 回电型电动机
CN207782578U (zh) 一种机械配件用电机轴
CN202652143U (zh) 一种吊扇电机的变频控制回路
TWI643434B (zh) Electric endurance induction motor
CN203574574U (zh) 龙门刨床无刷直流电动机拖动控制装置
CN102386691A (zh) 一种节能型电动机

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 11866348

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 11866348

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1