WO2012157572A1 - Viscosity/resilience measurement device and measurement method - Google Patents
Viscosity/resilience measurement device and measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012157572A1 WO2012157572A1 PCT/JP2012/062185 JP2012062185W WO2012157572A1 WO 2012157572 A1 WO2012157572 A1 WO 2012157572A1 JP 2012062185 W JP2012062185 W JP 2012062185W WO 2012157572 A1 WO2012157572 A1 WO 2012157572A1
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- viscosity
- floating rotor
- magnetic field
- floating
- rotor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
- G01N11/10—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material
- G01N11/14—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by using rotary bodies, e.g. vane
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
- G01N11/10—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material
- G01N11/14—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by using rotary bodies, e.g. vane
- G01N2011/147—Magnetic coupling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus and a measuring method for measuring viscosity and elasticity, which are mechanical properties of a substance.
- This application is an application claiming priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-109833 filed in Japan on May 16, 2011, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- Viscosity and elasticity are measured in the manufacturing process of pharmaceuticals, foods, paints, inks, cosmetics, chemical products, paper, adhesives, fibers, plastics, beer, detergents, concrete admixtures, silicon, etc., quality control, performance evaluation, It is an indispensable measurement technology for raw material management and research and development.
- Viscosity tube method (2) Method of contacting vibrator, (3) Method of using surface acoustic wave, (4) Method of using rotor, (5) Method of dropping hard sphere, (6) Motion Light scattering method, (7) Zimmm type viscosity measurement method, and (8) EMS (Electro Magnetically Spinning) viscosity measurement method.
- the methods (1) to (5) require a large amount of sample (substance to be measured) of several cc or more.
- accurate measurement cannot be performed unless the viscosity (viscosity coefficient) of the sample is at least 10 cP or more. Therefore, the above methods (2) to (5) cannot accurately measure the viscosity of a material having a viscosity lower than 10 cP.
- the measuring device is large. Moreover, since the method (6) needs to transmit light to such an extent that measurement accuracy can be maintained, it cannot be applied to other than transparent samples.
- the cylindrical rotor is placed in the sample in an upright state.
- the wettability of the rotor with respect to the sample is not uniform, and therefore the rotor can be maintained in an upright state by buoyancy. Have difficulty. If the wettability of the rotor with respect to the sample is not uniform over the entire surface of the rotor, the rotor cannot be erected in the sample.
- the rotor contacts the bottom of the container containing the rotor and the sample and rotates. For this reason, the friction in the contact point between a rotor and a container arises, and the error at the time of measuring a viscosity arises. Therefore, with the method (8), due to the measurement error caused by this friction, a highly accurate measurement can be performed on a sample having a viscosity of at least 10 cP, as in the methods (2) to (5). I can't do it. Note that the measurement error caused by friction depends on the degree of friction. In the method (8), since the rotation of the rotor completely buried in the sample in the container is observed, it is necessary to transmit light to the extent that the measurement accuracy can be maintained.
- a sample other than a transparent sample for example, a black sample cannot be measured.
- the rotation of the rotor in the sample is observed using laser scattering.
- samples such as colloids and slurries generate strong scattered light as reflected light, and thus samples such as colloids and slurries cannot be measured.
- the magnet that generates the rotating magnetic field rotates along the side wall of the container in which the sample is placed. For this reason, it is necessary to ensure the area
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and can reduce the amount of a sample, which is a substance to be measured, as compared with the conventional technique, and can reduce the size of the apparatus as compared with the conventional technique.
- a viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus and a measuring method thereof capable of measuring a viscosity of a low-viscosity substance of about 10 cP or less with higher accuracy than before.
- the viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus is arranged in a state where the measurement target substance to be measured for viscosity or elasticity is placed in a state of being floated on the measurement target substance.
- a magnet that drives the magnet to apply a rotating magnetic field to the floating rotor induces an induced current in the conductor in the floating rotor, the induced current and a magnetic field applied to the floating rotor
- the rotating magnetic field control unit configured to rotate the floating rotor by applying a rotational torque to the floating rotor by the Lorentz interaction, and the viscosity of the measurement target material in contact with the floating rotor according to the rotation state of the floating rotor Elasticity And a viscosity detector for output.
- the magnet in the viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus according to the first aspect, has a plurality of N poles and S poles alternately on the arrangement surface perpendicular to the rotation axis of the rotating magnetic field. It is arranged.
- the magnet is formed of a permanent magnet, and is parallel to the arrangement surface with the rotation axis as a center. Rotate to generate the rotating magnetic field.
- the magnet is composed of an electromagnet
- the rotating magnetic field control unit is adjacent to the arranged electromagnets.
- the rotating magnetic field is generated by driving the electromagnet so as to have a different polarity from other electromagnets.
- the measuring object in the viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, is placed in the container above or below the container. It is arranged parallel to the surface of the substance.
- the floating rotor in the viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, is buoyant, or surface tension, or both buoyancy and surface tension. It floats on the surface of the substance to be measured.
- the floating rotor has a concave rotational position fixing portion at the center of rotation. A protrusion formed in a direction parallel to the rotation axis is inserted into the rotation position fixing portion.
- the floating rotor has a bottom surface in contact with the measurement target substance formed in a substantially conical shape.
- the bottom surface inside the container has a planar shape, and the ratio of the thickness of the thickest part of the conical shape on the lower surface of the floating rotor to the thickness of the thinnest part rotates the floating rotor.
- the ratio of the shear strain generated in the measurement target material is uniform at the interface between the lower surface of the floating rotor and the measurement target material.
- the floating rotor has a lower surface in contact with the substance to be measured formed in a planar shape
- the container has an inner bottom surface having a substantially conical shape
- the ratio of the thickness of the thickest part to the thickness of the thinnest part in the substantially conical shape of the bottom surface inside the container is determined by the floating rotor.
- the ratio is formed so that the magnitude of the shear strain generated in the measurement target material is uniform at the interface between the lower surface of the floating rotor and the measurement target material.
- the apparatus further comprises a rotation detector that detects the number of rotations of the floating rotor, and the viscosity A detection part calculates
- the lower surface of the floating rotor floating on the surface of the substance to be measured A distance measuring unit that measures a sample distance from the bottom surface of the container; and a correction coefficient storage unit that indicates a relationship between the sample distance and the correction coefficient; and the viscosity detecting unit is configured to measure the sample distance measured by the distance measuring unit.
- the corresponding correction coefficient is read from the correction coefficient storage unit, multiplied by the viscosity obtained from the standard data, and the multiplication result is output as viscosity.
- the rotation detection unit detects the rotation speed of the floating rotor by optical measurement.
- a mark is added to the upper surface of the floating rotor, and the rotation detector Detects the rotation speed of the mark and outputs it as the rotation speed of the floating rotor.
- the measurement target substance is a liquid or a soft material.
- a method for measuring viscosity / elasticity comprising a step of placing a substance to be measured to detect viscosity or elasticity in a container, a plate-like and planar surface comprising a conductor.
- the floating rotor is floated in the measurement target material, and a magnetic field parallel to the rotation axis of the floating rotor is applied to the floating rotor by the magnet.
- This magnetic field is rotated with respect to the rotation axis of the floating rotor to generate a rotating magnetic field, and the viscosity of the measurement target substance is measured according to the rotation state of the floating rotor.
- the above-described viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus and measurement method only have to float the floating rotor on the measurement target material, and can reduce the amount of the measurement target material as compared with the prior art.
- a magnetic field in the vertical direction is applied to the upper surface of the measurement target substance, and this magnetic field is rotated to generate a rotating magnetic field. For this reason, it is not necessary to rotate a magnet in the outer peripheral part of the side wall of a container, and it is not necessary to provide the apparatus which produces
- the viscosity / elasticity measuring and measuring apparatus and measuring method it is possible to provide another apparatus configuration on the outer peripheral portion of the side wall of the container, and the apparatus can be miniaturized as compared with the conventional apparatus.
- the floating rotor does not come into contact with the bottom surface of the container. Therefore, unlike the conventional measurement method, a measurement error due to contact between the rotor and the container does not occur.
- the viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus and measuring method of the present invention can measure the viscosity of a low-viscosity material having a viscosity of 10 cP or less with higher accuracy than in the past.
- FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram in which a sample 100 is placed in a sample container 2 and a floating rotor 1 is floated on the surface of the sample 100.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a floating rotor 1.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a floating rotor 1.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a floating rotor 1.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a floating rotor 1.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional shape of a floating rotor 1 along the line AA in FIG.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional shape of a floating rotor 1 along the line AA in FIG. 1. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the difference ( ⁇ M ⁇ D) between the rotational speed ⁇ M of the motor 4 and the rotational speed ⁇ D of the floating rotor and the rotational speed ⁇ D of the floating rotor in a plurality of standard samples having different viscosities. It is a figure which shows the relationship between a viscosity and the reciprocal number of inclination (omega
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a mechanism in which the floating rotor 1 rotates in the sample container 2 without contacting the inner peripheral surface of the sample container 2.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the rotation state of the floating rotor 1 in the planar view explaining an elasticity measurement. It is a figure which shows the relationship between rotational speed (omega) M of the motor 4, and rotation angle (theta) which the floating rotor 1 stops. It is a figure which shows the relationship between elasticity and the ratio of a rotational speed and a rotation angle.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus according to this embodiment includes a floating rotor 1, a sample container 2, a first magnet 31, a second magnet 32, a motor 4, a rotation detection sensor 5, a sample table 6, a magnet fixing table 7, and a viscosity measuring unit. 8 is provided.
- a case where the viscosity as a mechanical property of a substance, that is, the viscosity coefficient is measured by the viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus according to the first embodiment will be described.
- the viscosity referred to in the present invention includes viscosity, data indicating viscosity, an index, and the like.
- the substance to be measured is liquid, slurry, or soft material.
- Soft materials are a group of molecular substances such as polymers, liquid crystals, colloids, and biomolecules.
- the colloid is an emulsion such as an emulsion, emulsion, or sol.
- Biomolecules are, for example, biological membranes, proteins, DNA and the like.
- the sample container 2 is a container in which a sample as a measurement target substance for measuring viscosity as a mechanical property is placed.
- a sample container 2 for example, a small petri dish or the like can be used.
- FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram in which the sample 100 is placed in the sample container 2 and the floating rotor 1 is floated on the surface of the sample 100.
- the inner diameter of the sample container 2 only needs to be slightly larger than the diameter of the floating rotor 1 floating on the sample 100. For example, a distance that does not contact the inner peripheral surface of the sample container 2 may be maintained when the floating rotor 1 rotates.
- the sample 100 is filled with an amount of depth H in the sample container 2.
- the sample 100 is about 300 ⁇ L. Even with this amount, according to the present embodiment, the viscosity can be measured with sufficient accuracy. Therefore, it is possible to measure the viscosity with a very small amount of sample 100 as compared with the conventional case.
- the floating rotor 1 floats on the surface of the sample 100 due to buoyancy or surface tension, or both buoyancy and surface tension. Further, a mark 1M is added to the floating rotor 1 on the upper surface which is the surface opposite to the lower surface in contact with the sample 100. As will be described later, as long as the mark can be detected by the rotation detection sensor 5, the mark may be a concave portion or a convex portion formed by printing, applying a tape, or processing the upper surface.
- FIG. 3A to 3D are diagrams showing a configuration example of the floating rotor 1.
- the floating rotor 1 shown in FIG. 3A has a disk shape, and the entire floating rotor 1 is formed of a light conductor material such as aluminum. That is, the material forming the floating rotor 1 may be a conductor having a specific gravity smaller than that of the sample to be measured.
- the floating rotor 1 shown in FIG. 3B is provided with a side wall 1B having a depth a on the outer periphery of a disk (disk).
- the floating rotor 1 having such a configuration can float the sample 100 even on a conductor having a specific gravity greater than that of the sample to be measured. Therefore, even a material having a specific gravity greater than that of the sample to be measured can be used as the material of the floating rotor 1.
- FIGS. 3C and 3D are diagrams illustrating a configuration example of the floating rotor 1 in which at least a part is formed of a conductor.
- the floating rotor 1 shown in FIG. 3C has the same shape as that of the floating rotor 1 shown in FIG. 3A, but only a part of the floating rotor 1 is made of a conductor such as aluminum, and the other parts are made of plastic. And vinyl.
- the conductor portion indicated by reference numeral 1C may be a conductor such as aluminum, and the other portion of the floating rotor 1 may be an insulator.
- the conductor portion 1 ⁇ / b> C may be formed, for example, by attaching a commercially available aluminum foil or the like to the upper surface of the floating rotor 1.
- FIG. 4A and 4B are views showing a cross-sectional shape of the floating rotor 1 along the line AA in FIG.
- FIG. 4A shows an example of a cross-sectional structure of a plate-like floating rotor 1 that is circular in plan view.
- FIG. 4B shows a cross-sectional structure of a floating rotor in which the lower part of a flat plate that is circular in plan view, that is, the lower surface in contact with the sample 100 is formed in a substantially conical shape.
- the thickness a max of the thickest portion of the floating rotor 1 and the thinnest portion so that the shear strain of the sample 100 is the same across the entire bottom surface.
- the ratio with the thickness amin of the is set.
- the bottom surface of the sample container 2 facing the conical lower surface of the floating rotor 1 of the sample container 2 is formed in a plane.
- the bottom surface of the sample container 2 facing the lower surface, which is the plane of the floating rotor 1 has a substantially conical shape having a convex portion toward the lower surface of the floating rotor 1. If formed into a shape, the shear strain of the sample 100 on the entire lower surface of the floating rotor 1 can be made uniform, similarly to the floating rotor 1 shown in FIG. 4B.
- the magnet fixing base 7 is a member on a flat plate that fixes a magnet that generates a rotating magnetic field.
- a first magnet 31 and a second magnet 32 are fixed to the upper surface of the magnet fixing base 7.
- the magnet fixing base 7 is arranged so as to be parallel to the surface of the sample 100 placed in the sample container 2. If the sample 100 is liquid, the surface of the sample 100 is a liquid level.
- the first magnet 31 is arranged so that the S pole is in contact with the upper surface side of the magnet fixing base 7 and the surface facing the sample container 2 is the N pole.
- the second magnet 32 is arranged so that the N pole is in contact with the upper surface side of the magnet fixing base 7 and the surface facing the sample container 2 is the S pole. Therefore, the first magnet 31 and the second magnet 32 are arranged so that poles having different polarities face the sample container 2.
- the first magnet 31 and the second magnet 32 are each a rectangular parallelepiped, and are arranged in parallel to each other.
- the sample stage 6 is a member on a flat plate for fixing the sample container 2 into which the sample 100 is placed, and is arranged so that the upper surface is parallel to the upper surface of the magnet fixing table 7. Thereby, the plane formed by the upper surface of the sample 100 placed in the sample container 2 and the upper surfaces of the first magnet 31 and the second magnet 32 when the first magnet 31 and the second magnet 32 are rotated, and Are parallel.
- the motor 4 is a drive mechanism that rotates the magnet fixing base 7 in a rotation direction parallel to the surface of the magnet fixing base 7.
- the axial direction of the rotating shaft 4 a is fixed perpendicularly to the upper surface of the magnet fixing base 7.
- the floating rotor 1 is not in contact with the inner wall of the sample container 2, and the sample container 2 and the sample container 2 are positioned so that the rotation shaft 4a is positioned at a position where the floating rotor 1 rotates on the upper surface (liquid surface) of the sample 100.
- the arrangement with the motor 4 is set. That is, the sample container 2 and the motor 4 are arranged at a position where the center of the sample container 2 and the rotation shaft 4a overlap in a plan view.
- the rotation detection sensor 5 is located at a position in the upper direction of the sample container 2 as a position where a mark (mark 1M in FIG. 2) added to the upper surface of the floating rotor 1 floating on the sample 100 of the sample container 2 can be detected. It is arranged and this mark is detected optically, for example. That is, the rotation detection sensor 5 emits laser light from the light irradiation unit, and the reflected light from the upper surface of the floating rotor 1 is incident on the light receiving unit. The rotation detection sensor 5 outputs a detection electric signal corresponding to the intensity of the incident light.
- the rotation detection sensor 5 an imaging device in which a lens and an imaging device such as a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) are added to a microscope may be provided, and a captured image obtained by enlarging the mark 1M may be output.
- a lens and an imaging device such as a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) are added to a microscope may be provided, and a captured image obtained by enlarging the mark 1M may be output.
- the viscosity measurement unit 8 includes a rotation detection unit 81, a viscosity detection unit 82, a rotating magnetic field control unit 83, a standard data storage unit 84, and a device control unit 85.
- the rotation detection unit 81 detects the mark (1M in FIG. 2) of the floating rotor 1 based on the detection electric signal supplied from the rotation detection sensor 5, and determines the number of detections per unit time (for example, 1 second). Output as the number of revolutions per unit time (rpm: revolutions per minute).
- the rotation detection unit 8 detects the floating rotor from the captured image that is captured and output by the imaging device.
- the mark 1M on the upper surface of 1 may be detected by image processing, and the number of rotations per unit time may be obtained.
- the rotating magnetic field control unit 83 performs rotation control on the motor 4 so that the motor 4 rotates at the set number of rotations. Thereby, the magnet fixing base 7 rotates through the rotating shaft 4a of the motor. As the magnet fixing base 7 rotates, the magnetic field generated by the first magnet 31 and the second magnet 32 rotates, and a rotating magnetic field that rotates the floating rotor 1 is generated.
- the standard data storage unit 84 In the standard data storage unit 84, the relationship between the rotation speed of the motor 4 and the rotation speed of the floating rotor 1 floated on a standard sample (reference material) whose viscosity is known in advance, and the viscosity (cP). Is stored.
- This viscosity detection table is created as follows. In the viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus of this embodiment, a standard sample whose viscosity is known in advance is placed in the apparatus container 2, and the floating rotor 1 is floated on the surface of the standard sample. Next, when the motor 4 is rotated at a plurality of preset rotation speeds ⁇ M, the rotation detection unit 81 measures the rotation speed ⁇ D of the floating rotor 1 corresponding to the rotation speed ⁇ M of each motor 4. . The measurement of the rotational speed ⁇ D for this standard sample is performed on a plurality of standard samples having different viscosities.
- FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the difference between the rotational speed ⁇ M of the motor 4 and the rotational speed ⁇ D of the floating rotor ( ⁇ M ⁇ D) and the rotational speed ⁇ D of each floating rotor in a plurality of standard samples having different viscosities.
- FIG. The horizontal axis represents the rotational difference ⁇ MD ( ⁇ M ⁇ D) between the rotational speed ⁇ M and the rotational speed ⁇ D, and the vertical axis represents the rotational speed ⁇ D.
- the viscosity of each standard sample used is different, for example, 1 (cP), 2 (cP), 5 (cP), 10 (cP).
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the correspondence between the viscosity and the reciprocal of the slope ⁇ MD / ⁇ D.
- the standard data storage unit 84 stores a viscosity detection table indicating the correspondence between the viscosity (cP) and the reciprocal of the slope ⁇ MD / ⁇ D.
- the standard data storage unit 84 may store an empirical formula indicating a correspondence relationship between the viscosity (cP) and the reciprocal of the slope ⁇ MD / ⁇ D instead of the viscosity detection table.
- the viscosity detector 82 controls the rotating magnetic field controller 83 to rotate the motor 4 at a plurality of different rotational speeds ⁇ M.
- the viscosity detector 82 outputs a control signal to the rotation detector 81 every time the rotation speed is changed.
- the rotation detector 81 detects the rotation speed ⁇ D of the floating rotor 1 floating on the surface of the sample 100 placed in the sample container 2 at the rotation speed ⁇ M. Enter from. Then, the rotation detection unit 81 outputs the detected rotation speed ⁇ D to the viscosity detection unit 82 corresponding to the control signal.
- the viscosity detector 82 obtains the slope ⁇ D / ⁇ MD of the sample 100 and obtains the reciprocal ⁇ MD / ⁇ D of this slope.
- ⁇ MD ⁇ M ⁇ D.
- the viscosity detector 82 reads the viscosity (cP) corresponding to the reciprocal ⁇ MD / ⁇ D of the sample 100 from the viscosity detection table stored in the standard data storage unit 84, and outputs this as the viscosity of the sample 100.
- the viscosity detection unit 82 reads the empirical formula from the standard data storage unit 84, and substitutes the reciprocal of the slope ⁇ MD / ⁇ D for this empirical formula. Calculate the viscosity.
- FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a method of applying a rotational torque to the floating rotor 1 by a rotating magnetic field generated by the rotation of the first magnet 31 and the second magnet 32.
- a magnetic field perpendicular to a certain reference plane is generated by the N pole of the first magnet 31 and the S pole of the second magnet 32.
- the reference plane is the surface of the sample 100 placed in the sample container 2, and when the sample 100 is liquid, the reference plane is the liquid level.
- This reference plane is a reference two-dimensional plane (liquid surface of the sample 100) composed of the x-axis and the y-axis.
- the rotation axis of the floating rotor 1 that rotates in this two-dimensional plane is taken as the z-axis.
- the z-axis component of the magnetic field at the reference two-dimensional plane or a point (x, y, z) in the vicinity thereof is shown as Bz (x, y).
- the magnetic field does not depend on the z-axis because it is perpendicular to the reference two-dimensional plane.
- the magnetic field does not depend on the z-axis because it is perpendicular to the reference two-dimensional plane.
- a rotational torque is applied to the floating rotor 1 even if there is a magnetic field component that is not perpendicular to the reference two-dimensional plane. Will not be disturbed.
- the rotation of the first magnet 31 and the second magnet 32 is observed from the direction in which the axial component of the z axis is +.
- the magnetic field Bz (x, y) is also rotated counterclockwise, and a counterclockwise rotating magnetic field is generated.
- the time change ⁇ Bz / ⁇ t of the magnetic field is positive ( ⁇ Bz / ⁇ t> 0).
- the time change ⁇ Bz / ⁇ t of the magnetic field is negative ( ⁇ Bz / ⁇ t ⁇ 0).
- the upper surface is parallel to the reference two-dimensional plane in the vicinity of the reference two-dimensional plane (the liquid level of the sample 100 placed in the sample container 2) or in the vicinity of the reference two-dimensional plane with the z axis as the rotation axis.
- the Lorentz force generated at an arbitrary point P in the region of x> 0 and y> 0 on the reference two-dimensional plane is defined as FL1 (Fx, Fy, 0).
- the Lorentz force FL2 is applied to the Q point symmetrical to the z axis of the floating rotor 1 (the rotational axis of the floating rotor 1) in the region of x ⁇ 0 and y ⁇ 0. (-Fx, -Fy, 0) is generated.
- Lorentz force FL3 (Fx, ⁇ Fy, 0) is applied to an arbitrary point in the region of x ⁇ 0 and y> 0 on the reference two-dimensional plane.
- a Lorentz force FL4 ( ⁇ Fx, Fy, 0) is applied. Accordingly, the Lorentz force FL3 and Lorentz force FL4 generate counterclockwise rotational torque with respect to the floating rotor 1.
- a magnetic field perpendicular to the reference two-dimensional plane generates eddy currents.
- the rotating magnetic field generated by rotating the magnetic field counterclockwise and the generated eddy current generate a counterclockwise Lorentz force with respect to two points about the z axis.
- the eddy current generated in the conductor of the floating rotor 1 receives a counterclockwise rotational torque as a whole, so that the rotational torque is applied to the floating rotor 1 via the conductor.
- the magnitude of the rotational torque applied to the floating rotor 1 is proportional to the difference between the rotational speed ⁇ M of the rotating magnetic field and the rotational speed ⁇ D of the floating rotor 1.
- ⁇ M in which the rotating magnetic field rotates is the same as the rotational speed of the motor 4. Therefore, rotational torque is applied to the floating rotor 1 floating on the upper surface (front surface) of the sample 100 placed in the sample container 2.
- the floating rotor 1 rotates in the direction in which the rotational torque is applied on the surface of the sample 100.
- the constant rotational speed ⁇ D has an inversely proportional relationship with the viscosity of the sample 100.
- the rotational torque T applied to the floating rotor 1, the rotational speed ⁇ D of the floating rotor 1 that floats and rotates on the surface of the sample 100, the radius R of the floating rotor 1, and the sample container It can be seen that the viscosity ⁇ of the sample 100 can be obtained by the thickness (depth) d of the sample 100 put in 2.
- the rotational torque T applied to the floating rotor 1 is obtained by using a standard sample whose viscosity ⁇ is known in advance as shown in FIG.
- the rotational speed difference ⁇ MD of the floating rotor 1 as a function of the rotational speed difference ⁇ MD.
- the density of the sample 100 whose viscosity is to be measured is known in advance, an appropriate sample amount corresponding to this density and having a depth d when placed in the sample container 2 of a common size is weighed with a scale. . Thereby, the depth d of the sample 100 put into the sample container 2 at the time of measurement can be made uniform for each sample 100 having different densities.
- the dropping control of the sample 100 is performed while measuring the height of the lower surface of the floating rotor 1 from the bottom surface inside the sample container 2 may be used.
- the drop control of the sample 100 to the sample container 2 is performed so that the height d measured by the standard sample in FIG. 4 (the distance d) is obtained from the height data measured by the liquid level sensor. .
- an appropriate amount mark is added to the side wall of the sample container 2 at a position of a distance d from the bottom surface.
- the position of the appropriate amount mark and the surface of the sample 100 is visually detected or detected by using the liquid level sensor described above, and the dropping control of the sample 100 put into the sample container 2 is performed, and the sample 100 in the sample container 2 is weighed. It is good.
- the amount of the sample 100 that is the substance to be detected can be reduced as compared with the conventional measurement.
- the first magnet 31 and the second magnet 32 that generate the rotating magnetic field can be arranged in the lower direction of the sample container 2, it is possible to reduce the size of the apparatus as compared with the conventional case.
- the floating rotor 1 floats on the surface of the sample 100 to be measured. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a decrease in measurement accuracy due to the floating rotor 1 coming into contact with the sample container 2. As a result, it becomes possible to measure the viscosity of a low-viscosity substance of about 10 cP or less with higher accuracy than in the past.
- FIG. 1 two combinations of the first magnet 31 and the second magnet 32 are used as the magnets that generate the rotating magnetic field.
- the magnet generates a magnetic field by a combination of one N pole and one S pole.
- FIG. 8 shows the magnetic field in the case where the first magnet 31, the second magnet 32, the third magnet 32, and the fourth magnet 33 are arranged with respect to the magnet fixing base 7 placed parallel to the reference two-dimensional plane. It is a figure which shows a state.
- the first magnet 31 is arranged in a region where x> 0 and y> 0 so that the south pole is the upper surface
- the second magnet 32 is x ⁇ 0 and y>.
- the N pole is arranged in the area of 0 so that the N pole is on the upper surface
- the third magnet 33 is arranged in the area of x ⁇ 0 and y ⁇ 0 so that the S pole is on the upper surface
- the fourth magnet 34 is In the region where x> 0 and y ⁇ 0, the N pole is disposed on the upper surface.
- FIG. 8 generates a magnetic field perpendicular to the reference two-dimensional plane as already described with reference to FIG.
- a rotating magnetic field can be applied to the conductor of the floating rotor 1 by rotating the magnet fixing base 7.
- rotational torque can be applied to the floating rotor 1 by the eddy current generated in the conductor of the floating rotor 1 and the rotating magnetic field.
- a magnetic field may be generated using a combination of a plurality of N poles and S poles, and in FIG. 8, a combination of two sets of N poles and S poles.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an electromagnet in which a yoke 10 and teeth 10a, 10b, 10c and 10d protruding from the yoke 10 are arranged on a reference two-dimensional plane.
- the teeth 10a and 10c are wound with windings CL1 in different directions.
- the teeth 10b and 10d are wound with windings CL2 in different directions to constitute an electromagnet.
- a current is passed through the coils CL1 and CL2 to generate a magnetic field perpendicular to the reference two-dimensional plane.
- the rotating magnetic field may be formed by periodically changing the direction of the flowing current and rotating the magnetic field perpendicular to the reference two-dimensional plane.
- the rotating magnetic field control unit 83 a current is passed through the windings CL1 and CL2 in the electromagnet shown in FIG. 9, and the direction of the flowing current is periodically changed to generate a rotating magnetic field. .
- the number of rotations of the floating rotor 1 is observed by detecting the mark 1M added to the upper surface of the floating rotor 1 using an image sensor such as an optical sensor or a CCD. Yes.
- the upper surface of the floating rotator 1 may be configured to irradiate a laser to optically measure reflection and interference pattern changes due to rotation.
- a part of the floating rotor 1 is replaced with a dielectric, and an electrode in which the floating rotor 1 is sandwiched between the electrodes is formed at a position that does not hinder the rotation of the magnet fixing base 7 as shown in FIG. .
- the rotation detector 81 detects a change in the capacitance of the capacitor formed by the electrodes when the dielectric as a mark passes between the electrodes. Then, the number of changes in the capacitance of the capacitor in a predetermined period (for example, 1 second) may be detected, and the number of rotations of the floating rotor 1 may be detected.
- a predetermined period for example, 1 second
- the rotating magnetic field control unit 83 may be configured to arbitrarily change the rotation period and the rotation direction of the rotating magnetic field to be applied to the floating rotor 1. For example, by periodically sweeping the rotation direction of the rotating magnetic field and the rotation speed, a rotational torque that periodically changes can be applied to the floating rotor 1.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a mechanism in which the floating rotor 1 rotates in the sample container 2 without contacting the inner peripheral surface of the sample container 2.
- the rotational axis of the floating rotor 1 may be shifted depending on the application state of the rotating magnetic field. is there.
- plan view if the area inside the sample container 2 is set larger than the area of the floating rotor 1, even if the rotation axis of the floating rotor 1 is shifted, There is no contact.
- the sample container 2 is enlarged, the amount of the sample 100 necessary for measuring the viscosity increases.
- a convex fixing portion 1 ⁇ / b> P is formed on the upper surface of the floating rotor 1 in a direction parallel to the rotation axis of the floating rotor 1.
- a groove 1PH is formed in the center of the fixed portion 1P, and a rotating mechanism is configured in which the floating rotor 1 is rotatable by inserting a fixed shaft 50 into the groove 1PH.
- the fixed shaft 50 is fixed and installed in any one of the viscosity / elasticity measuring devices so as to be parallel to the rotational axis of the floating rotor 1.
- This fixed shaft 50 is a substantial rotating shaft of the floating rotor 1.
- the floating rotor 1 is rotated by the fixed portion 1P on the surface of the floating rotor 1 and the fixed shaft 50 with the position of the rotation shaft fixed at a predetermined position on the surface of the sample 100 placed in the sample container 2. It becomes possible to make it.
- the size of the inside of the sample container 2 can be set to the minimum size necessary for measuring the viscosity by rotating the floating rotor 1 in plan view. As a result, the sample container 2 can be made smaller than before, and the amount of the sample 100 necessary for measuring the viscosity can be reduced.
- the viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus it is possible to measure elasticity instead of obtaining viscosity like a liquid. That is, according to the viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus according to the second embodiment, it is constant for a substance having an elastic modulus such as gel or rubber, or a substance such as a polymer solution in which an elastic modulus is generated by relaxation of viscosity. The viscosity and elastic modulus can be measured simultaneously by displacement from a stationary position when torque is applied.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a rotation state of the floating rotor 1 in a plan view for explaining elasticity measurement. As the magnet fixing base 7 rotates counterclockwise, the counterclockwise rotational torque is applied to the floating rotor 1 as described above.
- the rotation of the floating rotor 1 stops at the position of the rotation angle ⁇ where the rotational torque applied to the floating rotor 1 and the repulsive force due to elasticity balance.
- the rotation detection unit 81 rotates the motor 4 at a predetermined rotational speed ⁇ M and the position of the mark 1M on the surface of the floating rotor 1 when the motor 4 is not rotating and the magnet fixing base 7 is stopped. After that, the rotation angle ⁇ is obtained from each captured image with the position of the mark 1M when the rotation is stopped.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the relationship between the rotational speed ⁇ M of the motor 4, that is, the rotational torque and the rotational angle ⁇ at which the floating rotor 1 stops.
- the horizontal axis indicates the rotational speed ⁇ M of the motor 4
- the vertical axis indicates the rotation angle ⁇ at which the floating rotor 1 stops. That is, in the case of the viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus shown in FIG. 1, when the magnet fixing base 7 is rotated by the motor 4, the magnets of the first magnet 31 and the second magnet 32 arranged on the magnet fixing base 7 are A rotating magnetic field corresponding to the rotation speed of the motor 4 is generated.
- the rotating magnetic field control unit 83 changes the rotation speed of the motor 4 according to preset steps, obtains the rotation angle ⁇ for each rotation speed, and obtains the relationship between the rotation speed ⁇ M and the rotation angle ⁇ .
- the graph shown in FIG. the above-described processing is performed on a plurality of standard samples whose elasticity is known in advance in order to create standard data used for the elasticity measurement of the sample 100 whose elasticity is unknown, as in the case of viscosity.
- the standard sample is put in the sample container 2 and the rotation angle ⁇ described above is measured.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between elasticity and the ratio of the rotation speed and the rotation angle.
- the horizontal axis indicates elasticity (elastic modulus: Pa), and the vertical axis indicates the proportional coefficient between the rotational speed ⁇ M and the rotational angle ⁇ .
- the viscosity and the rotation angle ⁇ are inversely proportional.
- This FIG. 13 shows the elasticity standard data used for the elasticity measurement, created by associating the inclination of each standard sample in FIG. 12, that is, the ratio of the rotation speed ⁇ M and the rotation angle ⁇ with the viscosity of the corresponding standard sample. is there.
- the sample 100 to be measured is placed in the sample container 2, and the rotating magnetic field control unit 83 rotates the motor 4 at a preset rotation speed as in the case of the standard sample. .
- the rotation detection unit 81 obtains the rotation angle ⁇ for each rotation speed and outputs it to the viscosity detection unit 82.
- the viscosity detection unit 82 obtains a proportional coefficient between the rotation speed ⁇ M supplied from the rotation detection unit 81 and the rotation angle ⁇ .
- the elasticity data corresponding to this proportionality coefficient is read from the standard data in the standard data storage unit 84, and the read data is output as the elasticity of the sample 100.
- the magnet for generating the rotating magnetic field is constituted by the electromagnet shown in FIG.
- the application of this excitation current is stopped, and the rotation state of the floating rotor 1 after the stop is observed. To do.
- the floating rotor 1 causes rotational vibration according to the elasticity of the sample 100.
- the period and vibration time of rotational vibration are proportional to elasticity, and the attenuation rate of the amplitude of rotational vibration is proportional to viscosity. Therefore, for each of a plurality of standard samples whose viscosity and elasticity are known in advance, the attenuation rate, period and vibration time of the rotation vibration are measured by applying a rotating magnetic field to the floating rotor 1.
- Standard data is created and stored in advance in the standard data storage unit 84.
- the viscosity detector 82 measures the attenuation rate, period and vibration time of the amplitude of the sample 100 which is the substance to be measured.
- the viscosity corresponding to the measured attenuation rate of the amplitude and the elasticity corresponding to the period and the vibration time are read out from the standard data, respectively.
- the viscosity detector 82 outputs the viscosity and elasticity read from the standard data as the viscosity and elasticity of the sample 100 to be measured.
- the viscosity and elasticity of the sample 100 can be collectively measured.
- the viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus (mechanical property measuring apparatus) according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 will be described.
- a glass petri dish having an inner diameter of 35 mm and an inner side wall height of 10 mm was used.
- 3 cc of the sample 100 that is the substance to be measured was placed in the sample container 2.
- the temperature of the sample 100 was 20 ° C.
- four types of viscosities of 1 cP, 2 cP, 5 cP, and 10 cP were used as shown in FIG.
- an aluminum plate disk having a diameter of 30 mm and a thickness of 0.1 mm was used as the floating rotor 1 rotated on the surface of this standard sample.
- the rotating magnetic field control unit 83 drives the motor 4 to rotate the magnet turntable 7.
- the first magnet 31 and the second magnet 32 rotate.
- a magnetic field perpendicular to the liquid surface of the standard sample placed in the sample container 2 is generated by the rotation of the first magnet 31 and the second magnet 32, and this magnetic field is rotated to generate a rotating magnetic field. Due to this rotating magnetic field, rotational torque is applied to the floating rotor 1, and the floating rotor 1 rotates in the same direction as the direction of rotation of the applied rotating magnetic field.
- the rotation detection unit 81 stores a moving image of the floating rotator 1 picked up by the rotation detection sensor (imaging device) 5 as a picked-up image in the storage unit of the rotation detection unit 81, and performs mark processing by image processing. A 1M rotation period is obtained. The rotation detector 81 obtains the number of rotations of the floating rotor 1 from the rotation period of the mark 1M.
- a program for realizing the function of the viscosity measuring unit 8 in FIG. 1 is recorded on a computer-readable recording medium, and the program recorded on the recording medium is read into the computer system and executed to execute the viscosity.
- processing for measuring elasticity may be performed.
- the “computer system” includes hardware such as an OS (Operating System) and peripheral devices.
- the “computer system” includes a homepage providing environment or a display environment if a WWW (World Wide Web) system is used.
- the “computer-readable recording medium” refers to a storage device such as a portable medium such as a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk, a ROM, and a CD-ROM, and a hard disk built in the computer system.
- “computer-readable recording medium” means that a program is dynamically held for a short time like a communication line when a program is transmitted via a network such as the Internet or a communication line such as a telephone line. Including what to do. Also included are those that hold a program for a certain period of time, such as a volatile memory inside a computer system serving as a server or client in that case.
- the program may be for realizing a part of the functions described above. Further, the program may be a program that can realize the above-described functions in combination with a program already recorded in the computer system.
- the amount of the sample can be reduced compared to the conventional one, and the apparatus can be downsized as compared with the conventional one.
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Abstract
Description
粘性及び弾性の測定は、医薬品、食品、塗料、インク、化粧品、化学製品、紙、粘着剤、繊維、プラスチック、ビール、洗剤、コンクリート混和剤、シリコン等の製造過程で、品質管理、性能評価、原料管理、研究開発に必要不可欠な測定技術である。 Conventionally, measurement of viscosity and elasticity has been performed in order to detect the mechanical properties of a target substance (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
Viscosity and elasticity are measured in the manufacturing process of pharmaceuticals, foods, paints, inks, cosmetics, chemical products, paper, adhesives, fibers, plastics, beer, detergents, concrete admixtures, silicon, etc., quality control, performance evaluation, It is an indispensable measurement technology for raw material management and research and development.
(1)粘度管法、(2)振動子を接触させる方法、(3)表面弾性波を用いる方法、(4)回転子を用いる方法、(5)剛体球を落下させる方法、(6)動的光散乱法、(7)Zimm型粘度測定法、(8)EMS(Electro Magnetically Spinning)粘度測定法などである。 Conventionally known methods for measuring viscosity include the following methods.
(1) Viscosity tube method, (2) Method of contacting vibrator, (3) Method of using surface acoustic wave, (4) Method of using rotor, (5) Method of dropping hard sphere, (6) Motion Light scattering method, (7) Zimmm type viscosity measurement method, and (8) EMS (Electro Magnetically Spinning) viscosity measurement method.
特に、上記(2)~(5)の方法に関しては、試料の粘度(粘性係数)が少なくとも10cP以上でないと精度のよい計測が出来ない。そのため、上記(2)~(5)の方法は、10cP未満よりも低粘度の材料の粘度を、正確に測定できない。
さらに上記(6)の方法に関しては、測定装置が大掛かりである。また、上記(6)の方法は、測定精度を維持できる程度に光を透過する必要があるため、透明な試料以外には適用できない。 However, among the methods described above, the methods (1) to (5) require a large amount of sample (substance to be measured) of several cc or more.
In particular, with respect to the methods (2) to (5), accurate measurement cannot be performed unless the viscosity (viscosity coefficient) of the sample is at least 10 cP or more. Therefore, the above methods (2) to (5) cannot accurately measure the viscosity of a material having a viscosity lower than 10 cP.
Furthermore, with respect to the method (6), the measuring device is large. Moreover, since the method (6) needs to transmit light to such an extent that measurement accuracy can be maintained, it cannot be applied to other than transparent samples.
しかし、上記(7)の方法においては、浮力によって回転子を維持しようとした場合、回転子における試料に対する濡れ性などが不均一であるため、浮力によって回転子を直立した状態に維持することが困難である。回転子の試料に対する濡れ性が、回転子の表面全体で均一でなければ、試料中において、回転子を直立させることはできない。 Regarding the method (7), it is an essential condition that the cylindrical rotor is placed in the sample in an upright state.
However, in the above method (7), when the rotor is maintained by buoyancy, the wettability of the rotor with respect to the sample is not uniform, and therefore the rotor can be maintained in an upright state by buoyancy. Have difficulty. If the wettability of the rotor with respect to the sample is not uniform over the entire surface of the rotor, the rotor cannot be erected in the sample.
したがって、上記(8)の方法に関しては、この摩擦により発生する測定誤差により、上記(2)~(5)の方法と同様に、少なくとも10cP未満の粘度の試料に対して、高い精度の測定が行うことができない。なお、摩擦により発生する測定誤差は摩擦の程度に依存する。
また、上記(8)の方法に関しては、容器内の試料中に完全に埋没している回転子の回転を観察するため、測定精度を維持できる程度に光を透過する必要がある。そのため、透明な試料以外の試料、例えば黒色の試料を測定することができない。
また、上記(8)の方法に関しては、レーザの散乱を用いて、試料中の回転子の回転を観察する。しかし、コロイドやスラリーなどの試料は、反射光として強い散乱光を発生するため、コロイドやスラリーなどの試料を測定することができない。 In the method (8), the rotor contacts the bottom of the container containing the rotor and the sample and rotates. For this reason, the friction in the contact point between a rotor and a container arises, and the error at the time of measuring a viscosity arises.
Therefore, with the method (8), due to the measurement error caused by this friction, a highly accurate measurement can be performed on a sample having a viscosity of at least 10 cP, as in the methods (2) to (5). I can't do it. Note that the measurement error caused by friction depends on the degree of friction.
In the method (8), since the rotation of the rotor completely buried in the sample in the container is observed, it is necessary to transmit light to the extent that the measurement accuracy can be maintained. Therefore, a sample other than a transparent sample, for example, a black sample cannot be measured.
Regarding the method (8), the rotation of the rotor in the sample is observed using laser scattering. However, samples such as colloids and slurries generate strong scattered light as reflected light, and thus samples such as colloids and slurries cannot be measured.
また、上記の粘性/弾性測定装置及び測定方法によれば、測定対象物質の上面に対して垂直方向の磁場を与え、この磁場を回転させて回転磁場を生成する。このため、容器の側壁の外周部において磁石を回転させる必要が無く、容器の側壁の外周部に回転磁場を生成する装置を設ける必要がない。その結果、上記の粘性/弾性測定測装置及び測定方法によれば、容器の側壁の外周部に他の装置構成を設ける余裕ができ、従来に比較して装置を小型化することができる。
また、上記の粘性/弾性測定測装置及び測定方法によれば、浮き回転子が容器の底面と接することがない。そのため、従来の測定法のように、回転子と容器との接触による測定誤差が発生しない。その結果、本発明の粘性/弾性測定測装置及び測定方法は、10cP以下の低粘性の物質の粘度を従来に比較して高精度に測定することが可能となる。 According to the above-described viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus and measurement method, the floating rotor is floated in the measurement target material, and a magnetic field parallel to the rotation axis of the floating rotor is applied to the floating rotor by the magnet. This magnetic field is rotated with respect to the rotation axis of the floating rotor to generate a rotating magnetic field, and the viscosity of the measurement target substance is measured according to the rotation state of the floating rotor. For this reason, the above-described viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus and measurement method only have to float the floating rotor on the measurement target material, and can reduce the amount of the measurement target material as compared with the prior art.
Further, according to the above-described viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus and measurement method, a magnetic field in the vertical direction is applied to the upper surface of the measurement target substance, and this magnetic field is rotated to generate a rotating magnetic field. For this reason, it is not necessary to rotate a magnet in the outer peripheral part of the side wall of a container, and it is not necessary to provide the apparatus which produces | generates a rotating magnetic field in the outer peripheral part of the side wall of a container. As a result, according to the above-mentioned viscosity / elasticity measuring and measuring apparatus and measuring method, it is possible to provide another apparatus configuration on the outer peripheral portion of the side wall of the container, and the apparatus can be miniaturized as compared with the conventional apparatus.
Further, according to the above-described viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus and measuring method, the floating rotor does not come into contact with the bottom surface of the container. Therefore, unlike the conventional measurement method, a measurement error due to contact between the rotor and the container does not occur. As a result, the viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus and measuring method of the present invention can measure the viscosity of a low-viscosity material having a viscosity of 10 cP or less with higher accuracy than in the past.
以下、図面を参照して、本発明の第1の実施の形態について説明する。図1は、本発明の第1実施形態に係る粘性/弾性測定装置の構成例を示す図である。
本実施形態による粘性/弾性測定装置は、浮き回転子1、試料容器2、第1磁石31、第2磁石32、モータ4、回転検出センサ5、試料台6、磁石固定台7及び粘性測定部8を備えている。以下、第1実施形態に係る粘性/弾性測定装置により、物質の力学的物性としての粘性、すなわち粘性係数を測定する場合について説明する。本発明にいう粘性は、粘度、粘性を示すデータや指標等を含む。測定対象の物質としては、液体、スラリー、あるいはソフトマテリアルである。ソフトマテリアルとは、高分子、液晶、コロイド、生体分子などの一連の分子性物質群である。なお、コロイドは、例えば乳液、乳剤、ゾルなどのエマルションである。また、生体分子は例えば、生体膜、蛋白質、DNAなどである。 <First Embodiment>
The first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
The viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus according to this embodiment includes a floating
次に、図2は、試料容器2に試料100を入れ、浮き回転子1を試料100の表面に浮かべた概念図である。図2に示すように、試料容器2の内径は、試料100に浮かべる浮き回転子1の直径よりも僅かに大きければ良い。例えば、浮き回転子1が回転した際、試料容器2の内周面に接触しない距離が保てれば良い。また、試料100は、試料容器2において深さHの量が入れられる。しかし、本実施形態の場合、試料容器2に入れられる試料100の深さHは、浮き回転子1が試料容器2の底面に接触しない程度であれば良く、例えば、H=0.5mm程度の深さがあれば良い。 The
Next, FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram in which the
したがって、従来に比較して、極めて微量な試料100により、粘性の測定が可能となる。 For example, when a disk having a diameter of 10 mm is used as the floating
Therefore, it is possible to measure the viscosity with a very small amount of
また、浮き回転子1には、試料100に接している下面と逆の面である上面に、マーク1Mが付加されている。このマークは、後述するように、回転検出センサ5により検出可能であれば、印刷、テープの貼り付け、上面を加工して形成された凹部あるいは凸部などでも良い。 The floating
Further, a
また、図3Bに示す浮き回転子1には、円盤(円板)の外周部に深さaの側壁1Bが設けられている。このような構成の浮き回転子1は、測定する試料より比重の大きな導電体でも、試料100に対して浮かせることができる。したがって、測定する試料より比重が大きい材料でも、浮き回転子1の材料として用いることができる。 3A to 3D are diagrams showing a configuration example of the floating
Further, the floating
図3Cに示す浮き回転子1は、図3Aに示す浮き回転子1の形状と同様であるが、浮き回転子1の一部分のみがアルミニウムなどの導電体で形成されており、他の部分はプラスチックやビニールなどで構成される。例えば、図3C及び図3Dにおいて、符号1Cで示す導電体部分がアルミニウムなどの導電体で、浮き回転子1の他の部分が絶縁体で構成されても良い。この導電体部分1Cは、例えば浮き回転子1の上面に市販のアルミ箔などを貼着させて作成しても良い。 3C and 3D are diagrams illustrating a configuration example of the floating
The floating
この結果、生体材料などの粘性を測定した後、その生体材料の廃棄に特段の注意を要する場合に、測定に用いた浮き回転子1及び試料容器2の焼却処理、あるいは滅菌処理を容易に行うことができる。 This makes it possible to easily form an inexpensive floating
As a result, after measuring the viscosity of a biomaterial or the like, when special attention is required for disposal of the biomaterial, the floating
また、浮き回転子1が図4Bに示す形状である場合、試料容器2の浮き回転子1の円錐形状の下面と対向する試料容器2の底面が平面に形成される。
一方、浮き回転子1が図4Aに示す形状である場合、浮き回転子1の平面である下面と対向する試料容器2の底面を、浮き回転子1の下面に向かって凸部を有する略円錐形状に形成すれば、図4Bに示す浮き回転子1と同様に、浮き回転子1の下面全体における試料100のせん断ひずみを一様とすることができる。 4A and 4B are views showing a cross-sectional shape of the floating
When the floating
On the other hand, when the floating
第1磁石31は、磁石固定台7の上面側にS極が接し、試料容器2と対向する面がN極となるように配置されている。
第2磁石32は、磁石固定台7の上面側にN極が接し、試料容器2と対向する面がS極となるように配置されている。
したがって、第1磁石31と第2磁石32とは、互いに異なる極性の極が試料容器2と対向するように配置されている。
第1磁石31と第2磁石32とは、それぞれが直方体であり、互いに平行に配置されている。 Next, as shown in FIG. 1, the
The
The
Therefore, the
The
これにより、試料容器2に入れられている試料100の上面と、第1磁石31及び第2磁石32が回転した際における、第1磁石31及び第2磁石32の各々の上面とがなす平面とは、平行となる。
上述した試料台6、磁石固定台7、第1磁石31、第2磁石32の各々の配置から、第1磁石31及び第2磁石32により、試料容器2に入れられた浮き回転子1の上面に対して垂直方向の磁場を発生させることができる。また、試料容器2に入れられた浮き回転子1の上面に対して垂直となる磁場成分を発生させても良い。 The
Thereby, the plane formed by the upper surface of the
The upper surface of the floating
また、平面視において、浮き回転子1が試料容器2の内壁に接触せずに、試料100の上面(液面)上において回転する位置に、回転軸4aが位置するように、試料容器2とモータ4との配置が設定されている。すなわち、平面視において、試料容器2の中心と、回転軸4aとが重なる位置に、試料容器2とモータ4とが配置されている。 The
In plan view, the floating
また、回転検出センサ5の代わりに、レンズとCCD(Charge Coupled Device)などの撮像素子とを顕微鏡に付加した撮像装置を設け、マーク1Mを拡大して撮像した撮像画像を出力しても良い。 The
Further, instead of the
回転検出部81は、回転検出センサ5から供給される検出電気信号により、浮き回転子1のマーク(図2の1M)の検出を行い、単位時間(例えば、1秒)当たりの検出回数を、単位時間当たりの回転数(rpm:revolutions per minute)として出力する。また、回転検出部8は、マーク検出において、回転検出センサ5の検出電気信号を用いるのではなく、撮像装置の撮像画像を用いる場合、撮像装置が撮像して出力する撮像画像から、浮き回転子1の上面のマーク1Mを画像処理により検出し、単位時間当たりの回転数を求めるようにしても良い。 The
The
この粘性検出テーブルは、以下の様に作成されている。本実施形態の粘性/弾性測定装置において、粘度が予め分かっている標準試料を装置容器2に入れ、標準試料の表面に浮き回転子1を浮かべる。次に、予め設定した複数の回転数ΩMによりモータ4を回転させた場合に、各モータ4の回転数ΩMに対応した浮き回転子1の回転数ΩDを、上述した回転検出部81により測定する。この標準試料に対する回転数ΩDの測定を、複数の異なる粘性を有する標準試料に対して行う。 In the standard
This viscosity detection table is created as follows. In the viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus of this embodiment, a standard sample whose viscosity is known in advance is placed in the
ここで、図1に示すように、標準データ記憶部84には、粘度(cP)と、傾きの逆数ΩMD/ΩDとの対応を示す粘性検出テーブルが記憶されている。また、標準データ記憶部84には、粘性検出テーブルではなく、粘度(cP)と、傾きの逆数ΩMD/ΩDとの対応関係を示す実験式が記憶されていても良い。 Next, FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the correspondence between the viscosity and the reciprocal of the slope ΩMD / ΩD.
Here, as shown in FIG. 1, the standard
回転検出部81は、粘性検出部82から制御信号が供給される毎に、回転数ΩMにおいて試料容器2に入れた試料100の表面に浮かべた浮き回転子1の回転数ΩDを回転検出センサ5から入力する。
そして、回転検出部81は、検出した回転数ΩDを、制御信号に対応して粘性検出部82へ出力する。 The
Each time the control signal is supplied from the
Then, the
そして、粘性検出部82は、標準データ記憶部84に記憶されている粘性検出テーブルから、試料100の逆数ΩMD/ΩDに対応する粘度(cP)を読み出し、これを試料100の粘性として出力する。ここで、標準データ記憶部84に実験式が記憶されている場合、粘性検出部82は、標準データ記憶部84から実験式を読み出し、この実験式に対して傾きの逆数ΩMD/ΩDを代入し、粘性を算出して求める。 As in the case of the standard sample described above, the
Then, the
図7において、第1磁石31のN極と、第2磁石32のS極とにより、ある基準面に対して垂直な磁場が発生する。本実施形態では、基準面とは、試料容器2に入れた試料100の表面であり、試料100が液体の場合は基準面は液面である。
この基準面を、x軸及びy軸からなる基準2次元平面(試料100の液面)とする。そして、この2次元平面において回転する浮き回転子1の回転軸をz軸とする。
以降、基準2次元平面あるいはその近傍の点(x,y,z)における磁場のz軸成分をBz(x,y)として示す。 Next, a method for applying a rotational torque to the floating
In FIG. 7, a magnetic field perpendicular to a certain reference plane is generated by the N pole of the
This reference plane is a reference two-dimensional plane (liquid surface of the sample 100) composed of the x-axis and the y-axis. The rotation axis of the floating
Hereinafter, the z-axis component of the magnetic field at the reference two-dimensional plane or a point (x, y, z) in the vicinity thereof is shown as Bz (x, y).
例えば、半空間x>0において、Bz(x,y)>0であり、半空間x<0においてBz(x,y)<0となった時点の磁場を考える。
このとき、半空間y>0において、磁場の時間変化∂Bz/∂tは正(∂Bz/∂t>0)である。一方、半空間y<0において、磁場の時間変化∂Bz/∂tは負(∂Bz/∂t<0)である。 In FIG. 7, the rotation of the
For example, consider a magnetic field at the time when Bz (x, y)> 0 in half space x> 0 and Bz (x, y) <0 in half space x <0.
At this time, in the half space y> 0, the time change 磁場 Bz / ∂t of the magnetic field is positive (∂Bz / ∂t> 0). On the other hand, in the half space y <0, the time change 磁場 Bz / ∂t of the magnetic field is negative (∂Bz / ∂t <0).
このとき、回転磁場が浮き回転子1における導電体に印加されている場合、レンツの法則によれば、浮き回転子1の導電体部分の内部には、半空間y>0においては時計回りの渦電流が流れる。一方、半空間y<0においては浮き回転子1の導電体部分の内部には反時計回りの渦電流が流れる。
上述したように、渦電流が基準2次元平面に平行に生成される場合、第1磁石31及び第2磁石32によって生成される磁場が基準2次元平面に対して垂直である。このため、渦電流と磁場とにより、浮き回転子1の導電体に対してかかるローレンツ力は、基準2次元平面に対して平行に発生する。 Here, the upper surface is parallel to the reference two-dimensional plane in the vicinity of the reference two-dimensional plane (the liquid level of the
At this time, when a rotating magnetic field is applied to the conductor in the floating
As described above, when the eddy current is generated parallel to the reference two-dimensional plane, the magnetic field generated by the
この場合、基準2次元平面において、x<0かつy<0の領域における浮き回転子1のz軸(浮き回転子1の回転軸)に対して対称の位置のQ点には、ローレンツ力FL2(-Fx,-Fy,0)が生じる。 Therefore, the Lorentz force generated at an arbitrary point P in the region of x> 0 and y> 0 on the reference two-dimensional plane is defined as FL1 (Fx, Fy, 0). Here, Fx> 0 and Fy> 0.
In this case, on the reference two-dimensional plane, the Lorentz force FL2 is applied to the Q point symmetrical to the z axis of the floating rotor 1 (the rotational axis of the floating rotor 1) in the region of x <0 and y <0. (-Fx, -Fy, 0) is generated.
この結果、浮き回転子1の導電体には回転トルクが印加され、浮き回転子1はz軸を回転軸として反時計回りに回転する。
また、回転磁場が時計回りに回転すれば、渦電流における電流の流れる方向が、上述した回転磁場が反時計回りに回転する場合と逆となり、浮き回転子1も時計回りに回転する。 That is, the forces acting on the P point and the Q point become couples due to the Lorentz forces FL1 (Fx, Fy, 0) and FL2 (-Fx, -Fy, 0).
As a result, rotational torque is applied to the conductor of the floating
If the rotating magnetic field rotates clockwise, the direction of current flow in the eddy current is opposite to that in the case where the rotating magnetic field rotates counterclockwise, and the floating
また、基準2次元平面において、x<0かつy>0の領域における任意の点に対し、x>0かつy<0におけるz軸に対称な点には、ローレンツ力FL4(-Fx,Fy,0)が印加される。したがって、このローレンツ力FL3及びローレンツ力FL4により浮き回転子1に対して反時計回りの回転トルクが発生する。 Further, with the rotation of the rotating magnetic field, Lorentz force FL3 (Fx, −Fy, 0) is applied to an arbitrary point in the region of x <0 and y> 0 on the reference two-dimensional plane.
In addition, on a reference two-dimensional plane, a Lorentz force FL4 (−Fx, Fy, 0) is applied. Accordingly, the Lorentz force FL3 and Lorentz force FL4 generate counterclockwise rotational torque with respect to the floating
この結果、浮き回転子1の導電体に発生する渦電流は、全体として反時計回りの回転トルクを受けることにより、導電体を介して浮き回転子1に対して回転トルクが印加される。 As described above, a magnetic field perpendicular to the reference two-dimensional plane generates eddy currents. The rotating magnetic field generated by rotating the magnetic field counterclockwise and the generated eddy current generate a counterclockwise Lorentz force with respect to two points about the z axis.
As a result, the eddy current generated in the conductor of the floating
したがって、試料容器2に入れられた試料100の上面(表面)に浮いている浮き回転子1に対して、回転トルクが印加される。この回転トルクが印加された結果、浮き回転子1は、試料100の表面において回転トルクの印加される方向に回転する。浮き回転子1の回転数ΩDが一定となった場合、この一定となった回転数ΩDは、試料100の粘性に反比例の関係を有する。 The magnitude of the rotational torque applied to the floating
Therefore, rotational torque is applied to the floating
この場合、浮き回転子1に印加される回転トルクTと、浮き回転子1の回転数ΩDと、試料100の粘性ηとの間には、以下の数1に示す(1)式に示す関係がある。 For example, in order to simplify the description, a state where a flat disk having a radius R as the floating
In this case, there is a relationship expressed by the following equation (1) between the rotational torque T applied to the floating
ここで、粘性ηの測定において、浮き回転子1に印加される回転トルクTは、予め粘性ηの分かっている標準試料を用いて、すでに説明した図6のように、回転磁界の回転数ΩMと浮き回転子1の回転数ΩDとの回転数差ΩMDの関数として求めておく。 According to the above equation (1), the rotational torque T applied to the floating
Here, in the measurement of the viscosity η, the rotational torque T applied to the floating
さらに、本実施形態によれば、浮き回転子1が測定する試料100表面に浮いている。そのため、浮き回転子1が試料容器2と接触することによる測定精度の低下を防止することができる。その結果、10cP程度以下の低粘性の物質の粘度を、従来に比較して高精度に測定することが可能となる。 According to the first embodiment described above, the amount of the
Furthermore, according to this embodiment, the floating
次に、図8は、基準2次元平面に平行に置かれた磁石固定台7に対し、第1磁石31、第2磁石32、第3磁石32及び第4磁石33を配置した場合の磁場の状態を示す図である。
この図8では、基準2次元平面において、第1磁石31がx>0かつy>0の領域にS極が上面となるように配置されており、第2磁石32がx<0かつy>0の領域にN極が上面となるように配置されており、第3磁石33がx<0かつy<0の領域にS極が上面となるように配置されており、第4磁石34がx>0かつy<0の領域にN極が上面となるよう配置されている。 Further, in FIG. 1, two combinations of the
Next, FIG. 8 shows the magnetic field in the case where the
In FIG. 8, on the reference two-dimensional plane, the
このように、複数のN極とS極との組み合わせ、図8においては、2組のN極とS極との組み合わせを用いて、磁場を生成してもよい。 The arrangement shown in FIG. 8 generates a magnetic field perpendicular to the reference two-dimensional plane as already described with reference to FIG. A rotating magnetic field can be applied to the conductor of the floating
Thus, a magnetic field may be generated using a combination of a plurality of N poles and S poles, and in FIG. 8, a combination of two sets of N poles and S poles.
コイルCL1及びコイルCL2に電流を流し、基準2次元平面に対して垂直な磁場を生成させる。そして、流す電流の向きを周期的に変化させ、基準2次元平面に対して垂直な磁場を回転させて回転磁場を形成しても良い。
この場合、回転磁場制御部83において、図9に示す電磁石における巻線CL1及び巻線CL2に対して電流を流し、この流す電流の向きを周期的に変えて、回転磁場を生成させる処理を行う。 FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an electromagnet in which a
A current is passed through the coils CL1 and CL2 to generate a magnetic field perpendicular to the reference two-dimensional plane. Then, the rotating magnetic field may be formed by periodically changing the direction of the flowing current and rotating the magnetic field perpendicular to the reference two-dimensional plane.
In this case, in the rotating magnetic
しかしながら、浮き回転子1の上面に対して、レーザを照射して回転による反射及び干渉パターンの変化を光学的に測定する構成としても良い。
また、浮き回転子1の一部を誘電体で置き換え、電極間に浮き回転子1が挟まれる電極を、図1などの磁石固定台7の回転を妨げない位置に構成し、コンデンサを構成する。そして、回転検出部81は、マークとしての誘電体が電極間を通過する際、電極で構成したコンデンサの容量変化を検出する。そして、所定の期間(たとえば、1秒)におけるコンデンサの容量変化の回数を検出し、浮き回転子1の回転数を検出するように構成しても良い。 In addition, as described above, the number of rotations of the floating
However, the upper surface of the floating
Further, a part of the floating
例えば、回転磁場の回転方向と、回転速度とを周期的に掃引することにより、浮き回転子1に対して、周期的に変化する回転トルクを与えることができる。 Further, the rotating magnetic
For example, by periodically sweeping the rotation direction of the rotating magnetic field and the rotation speed, a rotational torque that periodically changes can be applied to the floating
図2に示すように、浮き回転子1を試料容器2内の試料100の表面において、回転磁場を与えて回転させる際、回転磁場の印加状態により、浮き回転子1の回転軸がずれる場合がある。ここで、平面視において、浮き回転子1の面積に比較して試料容器2の内部の面積を大きく設定すれば、浮き回転子1の回転軸がずれても、試料容器2の内部の側壁に接触することはない。しかし、試料容器2を大きくすると、粘性の測定に必要な試料100の量が多くなる。 FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a mechanism in which the floating
As shown in FIG. 2, when the floating
図10に示す構成によれば、平面視において、試料容器2の内部の大きさを、浮き回転子1を回転させて粘性を測定するために必要な最小限の大きさとすることができる。その結果、従来に比較して試料容器2を小さくし、粘性の測定に必要な試料100の量を低減することが可能となる。 The floating
According to the configuration shown in FIG. 10, the size of the inside of the
本実施形態に係る粘性/弾性測定装置によれば、液体のように粘性を求めるのではなく、弾性の測定が可能である。すなわち、第2実施形態に係る粘性/弾性測定装置によれば、ゲルやゴムなどのように弾性率を有する物質、あるいは粘性の緩和により弾性率が生じる高分子溶液のような物質に対し、一定トルクを与えた際の静止位置からの変位により、粘性率及び弾性率を同時に測定することが可能である。 Next, the measurement of elasticity using the viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
According to the viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus according to the present embodiment, it is possible to measure elasticity instead of obtaining viscosity like a liquid. That is, according to the viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus according to the second embodiment, it is constant for a substance having an elastic modulus such as gel or rubber, or a substance such as a polymer solution in which an elastic modulus is generated by relaxation of viscosity. The viscosity and elastic modulus can be measured simultaneously by displacement from a stationary position when torque is applied.
したがって、粘性に加えて弾性がある場合、弾性率による復元力は、歪の程度に比例して大きくなる。このため、浮き回転子1は、回転を開始してから、試料100のバネ定数に比例した弾性力と、回転磁場による回転トルクが釣り合った回転角度θで回転を停止する。図11は、弾性測定を説明する平面視における浮き回転子1の回転状態を示す図である。磁石固定台7が反時計回りに回転することにより、すでに述べたように、反時計回りの回転トルクが浮き回転子1に印加される。 Here, the elastic modulus is a so-called spring constant and corresponds to a restoring force proportional to the rotational deformation of the
Therefore, when there is elasticity in addition to viscosity, the restoring force due to the elastic modulus increases in proportion to the degree of strain. For this reason, the floating
ここで、回転検出部81は、モータ4が回転しておらず、磁石固定台7が停止した状態における浮き回転子1の表面のマーク1Mの位置と、所定の回転数ΩMでモータ4が回転した後、回転が停止した際のマーク1Mの位置との各々の撮像画像から回転角度θを求める。 Then, the rotation of the floating
Here, the
すなわち、図1に示す粘性/弾性測定装置の場合、磁石固定台7がモータ4により回転することにより、この磁石固定台7に配置されている第1磁石31及び第2磁石32の磁石が、モータ4の回転速度に対応した回転磁場を生成する。 FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the relationship between the rotational speed ΩM of the
That is, in the case of the viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus shown in FIG. 1, when the
この図13は、図12における各標準試料の傾き、すなわち回転速度ΩMと回転角度θとの比と、対応する標準試料の粘性とを対応付けて作成した、弾性測定に用いる弾性の標準データである。
実際の未知の弾性の試料100の測定において、この測定対象の試料100を試料容器2に入れ、標準試料の場合と同様に、回転磁場制御部83がモータ4を予め設定した回転速度で回転させる。 FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between elasticity and the ratio of the rotation speed and the rotation angle. In FIG. 13, the horizontal axis indicates elasticity (elastic modulus: Pa), and the vertical axis indicates the proportional coefficient between the rotational speed ΩM and the rotational angle θ. Here, the viscosity and the rotation angle θ are inversely proportional.
This FIG. 13 shows the elasticity standard data used for the elasticity measurement, created by associating the inclination of each standard sample in FIG. 12, that is, the ratio of the rotation speed ΩM and the rotation angle θ with the viscosity of the corresponding standard sample. is there.
In the measurement of the actual
粘性検出部82は、回転検出部81から供給される回転速度ΩMと回転角度θとの比例係数を求める。この比例係数に対応する弾性のデータを、標準データ記憶部84の標準データから読み出し、読み出したデータを試料100の弾性として出力する。 Then, the
The
例えば、浮き回転子1に対し、電磁石に対して励磁電流を印加して所定の回転トルクを印加した後、この励磁電流の印加を停止し、停止した後の浮き回転子1の回転状態を観察する。 Moreover, it is also possible to measure elasticity and viscosity simultaneously by changing the rotational torque applied to the floating
For example, after applying an excitation current to the electromagnet and applying a predetermined rotational torque to the floating
したがって、予め粘性及び弾性の分かっている複数の標準試料毎に、その回転振動の振幅の減衰率と、周期及び振動時間とを、浮き回転子1に対して回転磁界を印加することにより測定し、標準データを作成して標準データ記憶部84に予め記憶させておく。 At this time, the floating
Therefore, for each of a plurality of standard samples whose viscosity and elasticity are known in advance, the attenuation rate, period and vibration time of the rotation vibration are measured by applying a rotating magnetic field to the floating
そして、粘性検出部82は、標準データから読み取った粘性及び弾性を、測定対象の試料100の粘性及び弾性として出力する。
上述したように、本実施形態によれば、試料100の粘性及び弾性を一括して測定することが可能となる。 Next, when measuring a substance to be measured having actual unknown viscosity and elasticity, the
Then, the
As described above, according to the present embodiment, the viscosity and elasticity of the
そして、この回転方向と回転トルクとを掃引する周期を変化させながら、浮き回転子1の回転振動の振幅と位相とを、撮像画像から観察することにより、粘性と弾性とを独立して測定することが可能となる。
すなわち、この回転振動の観察は、すでに述べた、磁場を消去した後の減衰振動を、周波数スペクトルとして検出するものであり、磁場を消去した後の粘性及び弾性の測定と原理的に同様である。 Further, by periodically sweeping the rotational direction of the rotating magnetic field applied to the floating
Then, the viscosity and elasticity are independently measured by observing the amplitude and phase of the rotational vibration of the floating
That is, the observation of this rotational vibration is to detect the damped vibration after the magnetic field is erased as a frequency spectrum, and is basically the same as the measurement of viscosity and elasticity after the magnetic field is erased. .
試料容器2には、内径が35mmであり、内部の側壁の高さ10mmのガラス製シャーレを用いた。そして、試料容器2に測定対象の物質である試料100を3cc入れた。試料100の温度は20℃とした。
予め粘性の分かっている標準試料としては、図5に示すように、粘度が1cP、2cP、5cP及び10cPの4種類を用いた。
そして、この標準試料の表面で回転させる浮き回転子1としては、直径30mmであり、厚さ0.1mmのアルミニウム板の円盤を用いた。 Next, a specific application example in the viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus (mechanical property measuring apparatus) according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 will be described.
For the
As standard samples whose viscosities are known in advance, four types of viscosities of 1 cP, 2 cP, 5 cP, and 10 cP were used as shown in FIG.
And as the floating
この結果、第1磁石31及び第2磁石32が回転する。第1磁石31及び第2磁石32の回転により試料容器2に入れた標準試料の液面に垂直な磁場が生成され、この磁場を回転させて回転磁場を生成する。この回転磁場により、浮き回転子1には回転トルクが印加され、浮き回転子1は、印加された回転磁界の回転方向と同一方向に回転を行う。
そして、回転検出部81は、例えば、回転検出センサ(撮像素子)5が撮像する、浮き回転子1の回転する動画像を撮像画像として回転検出部81の記憶部に記憶し、画像処理によりマーク1Mの回転周期を求める。回転検出部81は、このマーク1Mの回転周期から浮き回転子1の回転数を求める。 Next, the rotating magnetic
As a result, the
Then, for example, the
図5において、各標準試料の浮き回転子1の回転数ΩDと、回転数ΩM及びΩDの差分との関係を示す直線は、原点(0)を通っている。このため、図5は、浮き回転子1の回転数と、浮き回転子1に印加される回転トルクとの関係のみを用いて粘性を求めることが可能であることを示している。
この結果、図6に示す粘性と、回転数ΩM及びΩDの差分及び回転数ΩDの比との対応関係を示す直線も原点を通る。したがって、この標準データを用いることにより粘性を正確に測定できることが分かる。 Each time the rotational speed ΩM of the
In FIG. 5, a straight line indicating the relationship between the rotational speed ΩD of the floating
As a result, the straight line indicating the correspondence between the viscosity shown in FIG. 6 and the difference between the rotational speeds ΩM and ΩD and the ratio of the rotational speed ΩD also passes through the origin. Therefore, it can be seen that the viscosity can be accurately measured by using the standard data.
また、「コンピュータが読み取り可能な記録媒体」とは、フレキシブルディスク、光磁気ディスク、ROM、CD-ROM等の可搬媒体、コンピュータシステムに内蔵されるハードディスク等の記憶装置のことをいう。さらに「コンピュータが読み取り可能な記録媒体」とは、インターネット等のネットワークや電話回線等の通信回線を介してプログラムを送信する場合の通信線のように、短時間の間、動的にプログラムを保持するものを含む。また、その場合のサーバやクライアントとなるコンピュータシステム内部の揮発性メモリのように、一定時間プログラムを保持しているものも含む。また上記プログラムは、前述した機能の一部を実現するためのものであっても良い。また、上記プログラムは、さらに前述した機能をコンピュータシステムにすでに記録されているプログラムとの組み合わせで実現できるものであっても良い。 Further, the “computer system” includes a homepage providing environment or a display environment if a WWW (World Wide Web) system is used.
The “computer-readable recording medium” refers to a storage device such as a portable medium such as a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk, a ROM, and a CD-ROM, and a hard disk built in the computer system. Furthermore, “computer-readable recording medium” means that a program is dynamically held for a short time like a communication line when a program is transmitted via a network such as the Internet or a communication line such as a telephone line. Including what to do. Also included are those that hold a program for a certain period of time, such as a volatile memory inside a computer system serving as a server or client in that case. The program may be for realizing a part of the functions described above. Further, the program may be a program that can realize the above-described functions in combination with a program already recorded in the computer system.
1M…マーク
2…試料容器
31…第1磁石
32…第2磁石
4…モータ
4a…回転軸
5…回転検出センサ
6…試料台
7…磁石固定台
8…粘性測定部
81…回転検出部
82…粘性検出部
83…回転磁場制御部
84…標準データ記憶部
100…試料(測定対象物質) DESCRIPTION OF
Claims (16)
- 粘性または弾性を検出する対象の測定対象物質が入れられた容器と、
前記測定対象物質に浮かせた状態で配置されるように構成され、導電体を構成要素とした板状で、かつ平面視で円形の浮き回転子と、
前記浮き回転子に対して、前記測定対象物質の表面に垂直方向の磁場を印加するように構成された磁石と、
前記磁石を駆動して前記浮き回転子に回転磁場を与え、前記浮き回転子における前記導電体内に誘導電流を誘起し、前記誘導電流と前記浮き回転子に印加される磁場とのローレンツ相互作用により、前記浮き回転子に回転トルクを与えて回転させるように構成された回転磁場制御部と、
前記浮き回転子の回転状態により、前記浮き回転子に接する測定対象物質の粘性又は弾性を検出する粘性検出部と
を有する粘性/弾性測定装置。 A container containing a substance to be measured whose viscosity or elasticity is to be detected;
It is configured to be arranged in a state of being floated on the measurement target substance, and is a plate-like plate having a conductor as a component, and a circular floating rotor in plan view,
A magnet configured to apply a vertical magnetic field to the surface of the substance to be measured with respect to the floating rotor;
The magnet is driven to apply a rotating magnetic field to the floating rotor, an induced current is induced in the conductor in the floating rotor, and Lorentz interaction between the induced current and the magnetic field applied to the floating rotor A rotating magnetic field controller configured to rotate the floating rotor by applying a rotational torque;
A viscosity / elasticity measuring device comprising: a viscosity detector that detects a viscosity or elasticity of a measurement target substance that contacts the floating rotor according to a rotation state of the floating rotor. - 前記回転磁場の回転軸に垂直な配置面において、前記磁石がN極とS極とが交互に複数配列されて構成されている請求項1に記載の粘性/弾性測定装置。 The viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the N poles and the S poles are alternately arranged on an arrangement surface perpendicular to the rotation axis of the rotating magnetic field.
- 前記磁石が永久磁石で構成されており、前記回転軸を中心として、前記配置面に対して平行に回転させて、前記回転磁場を生成する請求項2に記載の粘性/弾性測定装置。 3. The viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the magnet is formed of a permanent magnet, and the rotating magnetic field is generated by rotating in parallel with the arrangement surface with the rotation axis as a center.
- 前記磁石が、電磁石で構成されており、
前記回転磁場制御部は、配列された前記電磁石が隣接した他の電磁石と異なる極性となるように、前記電磁石を駆動して前記回転磁場を生成する請求項2に記載の粘性/弾性測定装置。 The magnet is composed of an electromagnet;
The viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the rotating magnetic field control unit generates the rotating magnetic field by driving the electromagnet so that the arranged electromagnets have different polarities from other adjacent electromagnets. - 前記磁石が前記容器の上部あるいは下部に、前記容器に入れられた前記測定対象物質の表面に平行となるように配置されている請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の粘性/弾性測定装置。 The viscosity / according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the magnet is arranged in an upper part or a lower part of the container so as to be parallel to a surface of the substance to be measured placed in the container. Elasticity measuring device.
- 前記浮き回転子が浮力、あるいは表面張力、または浮力及び表面張力の双方によって、前記測定対象物質の表面に浮いている請求項1から請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の粘性/弾性測定装置。 The viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the floating rotor floats on the surface of the measurement target substance by buoyancy, surface tension, or both buoyancy and surface tension. .
- 前記浮き回転子が、
回転中心に凹状の回転位置固定部を有しており、前記回転軸に対して平行方向に形成された突起が、前記回転位置固定部に挿入されている請求項1から請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の粘性/弾性測定装置。 The floating rotor is
7. The rotating position fixing portion having a concave shape at the rotation center, and a protrusion formed in a direction parallel to the rotation axis is inserted into the rotating position fixing portion. The viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus according to one item. - 前記浮き回転子は、前記測定対象物質と接する下面が略円錐形状に形成され、
前記容器の内部の底面が平面形状を有しており、
前記浮き回転子の前記下面における円錐形状の最も厚い部分の厚さと最も薄い部分の厚さとの比が、前記浮き回転子が回転する際、前記浮き回転子の前記下面と前記測定対象物質との界面において、前記測定対象物質に生じるせん断ひずみの大きさが一様となるような比で形成されている請求項1から請求項7のいずれか一項に記載の粘性/弾性測定装置。 The floating rotor has a substantially conical shape on the lower surface in contact with the substance to be measured,
The bottom surface inside the container has a planar shape;
The ratio of the thickness of the thickest part and the thinnest part of the conical shape on the lower surface of the floating rotor is such that when the floating rotor rotates, the lower surface of the floating rotor and the substance to be measured are The viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus is formed at a ratio such that the magnitude of shear strain generated in the measurement target substance is uniform at the interface. - 前記浮き回転子が、前記測定対象物質と接する下面が平面形状に形成され、
前記容器が、内部の底面が略円錐形状を有しており、
前記容器の内部の前記底面における略円錐形状において最も厚い部分の厚さと最も薄い部分の厚さとの比が、前記浮き回転子が回転する際、前記浮き回転子の前記下面と前記測定対象物質との界面において、前記測定対象物質に生じるせん断ひずみの大きさが一様となる比となるように形成されている請求項1から請求項7のいずれか一項に記載の粘性/弾性測定装置。 The floating rotor has a lower surface in contact with the substance to be measured formed in a planar shape,
The container has a substantially conical shape on the bottom surface;
The ratio between the thickness of the thickest part and the thickness of the thinnest part in the substantially conical shape in the bottom surface inside the container is such that when the floating rotor rotates, the lower surface of the floating rotor and the substance to be measured The viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a shear strain generated in the measurement target substance is uniform at a ratio at the interface. - 前記浮き回転子の回転数を検出する回転検出部をさらに有し、
前記粘性検出部が、前記回転磁場の回転数及び前記浮き回転子の回転数の比により、前記測定対象物質の粘性を求める請求項1から請求項9のいずれか一項に記載の粘性/弾性測定装置。 A rotation detector for detecting the number of rotations of the floating rotor;
The viscosity / elasticity according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the viscosity detection unit obtains the viscosity of the measurement target substance based on a ratio between the number of rotations of the rotating magnetic field and the number of rotations of the floating rotor. measuring device. - 粘度が分かっている複数の基準物質における前記浮き回転子の回転数、及び前記回転磁場との比と、前記複数の基準物質の粘度との対応関係を予め標準データとして記憶する標準データ記憶部を更に有し、
前記粘性検出部が測定した測定対象物質における前記浮き回転子の回転数、及び前記回転磁場との比を、前記標準データと比較して、前記測定対象物質の粘性を求める請求項1から請求項10のいずれか一項に記載の粘性/弾性測定装置。 A standard data storage unit for preliminarily storing, as standard data, a correspondence relationship between the number of rotations of the floating rotor and the ratio of the rotating magnetic field in a plurality of reference materials whose viscosities are known, and the viscosity of the plurality of reference materials In addition,
The viscosity of the measurement target material is obtained by comparing the rotation speed of the floating rotor in the measurement target material measured by the viscosity detection unit and the ratio with the rotating magnetic field with the standard data. The viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus according to any one of 10. - 前記測定対象物質の表面に浮いた前記浮き回転子の下面と、前記容器の底面との試料距離を測定する距離測定部と、
前記試料距離及び補正係数の関係を示す補正係数記憶部と
をさらに有し、
前記粘性検出部が、距離測定部の測定した試料距離に対応する前記補正係数を前記補正係数記憶部から読み出し、前記標準データから求めた粘性に乗算して、乗算結果を粘性として出力する
請求項1から請求項11のいずれか一項に記載の粘性/弾性測定装置。 A distance measuring unit for measuring a sample distance between the lower surface of the floating rotor floating on the surface of the measurement target substance and the bottom surface of the container;
A correction coefficient storage unit that indicates a relationship between the sample distance and the correction coefficient;
The viscosity detection unit reads the correction coefficient corresponding to the sample distance measured by the distance measurement unit from the correction coefficient storage unit, multiplies the viscosity obtained from the standard data, and outputs the multiplication result as viscosity. The viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 11. - 前記回転検出部が、光学測定により、前記浮き回転子の回転数を検出する請求項10または請求項11に記載の粘性/弾性測定装置。 The viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the rotation detection unit detects the number of rotations of the floating rotor by optical measurement.
- 前記浮き回転子の上面にマークが付加されており、
前記回転検出部が、前記マークの回転数を検出し、前記浮き回転子の回転数として出力する請求項1から請求項13のいずれか一項に記載の粘性/弾性測定装置。 A mark is added to the upper surface of the floating rotor,
The viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the rotation detection unit detects a rotation number of the mark and outputs the rotation number as a rotation number of the floating rotor. - 前記測定対象物質が、液体あるいはソフトマテリアルである請求項1から請求項14のいずれか一項に記載の粘性/弾性測定装置。 The viscosity / elasticity measuring apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the measurement target substance is a liquid or a soft material.
- 容器に粘性または弾性を検出する対象の測定対象物質を入れる工程と、
導電体を構成要素とした板状で、かつ平面視で円形の浮き回転子を、前記測定対象物質に浮かせた状態で配置し、前記浮き回転子に対して、磁石により前記測定対象物質の表面に垂直方向の磁場を印加する工程と、
前記磁石を駆動して前記浮き回転子に回転磁場を与え、前記浮き回転子における前記導電体内に誘導電流を誘起し、前記誘導電流と前記浮き回転子に印加される磁場とのローレンツ相互作用により、前記浮き回転子に回転トルクを与えて回転させる工程と、
前記浮き回転子の回転状態により、前記浮き回転子に接する測定対象物質の粘性又は弾性を検出する工程と
を有する粘性/弾性測定方法。 Placing a substance to be measured, whose viscosity or elasticity is to be detected, into a container;
A plate-like and circular floating rotor having a conductor as a constituent element is arranged in a state of being floated on the measurement target material, and the surface of the measurement target material is magnetized with respect to the floating rotor by a magnet Applying a vertical magnetic field to
The magnet is driven to apply a rotating magnetic field to the floating rotor, an induced current is induced in the conductor in the floating rotor, and Lorentz interaction between the induced current and the magnetic field applied to the floating rotor Applying a rotational torque to the floating rotor and rotating the floating rotor;
Detecting the viscosity or elasticity of a substance to be measured in contact with the floating rotor according to the rotation state of the floating rotor.
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DE112012002120T5 (en) | 2014-02-27 |
US10184872B2 (en) | 2019-01-22 |
JP5842246B2 (en) | 2016-01-13 |
JP2012242137A (en) | 2012-12-10 |
DE112012002120B4 (en) | 2016-01-14 |
CN103534572B (en) | 2016-08-31 |
US20140047903A1 (en) | 2014-02-20 |
CN103534572A (en) | 2014-01-22 |
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