WO2012154168A1 - System and method for measuring wrinkle depth in a composite structure - Google Patents
System and method for measuring wrinkle depth in a composite structure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012154168A1 WO2012154168A1 PCT/US2011/035818 US2011035818W WO2012154168A1 WO 2012154168 A1 WO2012154168 A1 WO 2012154168A1 US 2011035818 W US2011035818 W US 2011035818W WO 2012154168 A1 WO2012154168 A1 WO 2012154168A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- probe
- conductive
- conductive substrate
- electrical property
- substrate
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
- G01N27/82—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
- G01N27/90—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws using eddy currents
- G01N27/9013—Arrangements for scanning
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
- G01N27/82—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
- G01N27/90—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws using eddy currents
- G01N27/9046—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws using eddy currents by analysing electrical signals
Definitions
- This disclosure relates in general to the field of composite structures, and more particularly to a system and method for measuring wrinkle depth in a composite structure.
- Composite materials are generally lighter than aluminum, and can also provide better mechanical and fatigue properties than aluminum. However, composite materials can also be much less electrically conductive than aluminum, which can present significant problems for structures that are vulnerable to lightning strikes, such as aircraft and wind turbines.
- LSP Conductive lightning strike protection
- LSPs can be used to provide a conductive path for composite materials in such applications.
- LSPs seek to provide adequate conductive paths so that lightning remains on the exterior of a structure.
- LSPs can also provide grounding, EMF shielding, and surge suppression to protect wiring, cables, and other equipment.
- Imperfections in the composite material can interfere with LSPs and adversely affect the strength of the material.
- an aircraft may have a non-conductive paint or resin applied over an LSP system, but the LSP system can be rendered ineffective if wrinkles in the LSP cause the non-conductive surface material to be too deep. Detecting such imperfections, however, continues to present significant challenges to engineers and manufacturers.
- Figure 1 is a simplified schematic diagram of an example embodiment of a system for determining surface wrinkle depth in a composite specimen, in accordance with this specification.
- a method for non-destructive examination of surface wrinkle depth in a composite structure which can overcome many of the aforementioned shortcomings (and others) by using a device capable of measuring changes to electromagnetic properties of a carbon or lightning strike mesh covered composite surface. Wrinkles in carbon fiber or lightning strike mesh substrate underlying paint, resin, adhesive, or the like can be measured using a probe that produces eddy currents in the substrate material through electromagnetic induction. The changes in depth and width of these wrinkles can be characterized by a unique probe response.
- Figure 1 is a simplified schematic diagram of an example embodiment of a system for determining wrinkle depth in a composite specimen.
- Figure 1 includes a processing unit 102 coupled to a probe 104, which generally includes a coiled conductor 104a (such as copper wire).
- Processing unit may further provide an alternating current source 102a and a response display element 102b.
- Alternating current source 102a can introduce alternating current into probe 104, which produces a magnetic field 106 around probe 104.
- Probe 104 may be placed adjacent to a specimen 108, such as a tail portion of an aircraft.
- Specimen 108 may further include a non-conductive surface coating 1 10, such as paint or resin, and a conductive substrate 1 12, such as carbon fiber or LSP mesh.
- Magnetic field 106 can create eddy currents in conductive substrate 1 12 by moving probe 104 in close proximity to conductive substrate 1 12.
- Eddy currents are electrical currents induced in conductors when a conductor is exposed to a changing magnetic field, which can be due to relative motion of the field source and conductor, or due to variations of the field with time. These circulating eddies of current create induced magnetic fields that oppose the change of the original magnetic field, causing repulsive or drag forces between the conductor and the magnet.
- the strength of the eddy currents is proportional to the strength of the applied magnetic field, the electrical conductivity of the conductor, and rate of change of the field to which the conductor is exposed.
- imperfections and other characteristics of the conductive substrate can be determined non-destructively by scanning probe 104 along non-conductive surface coating 110 and measuring changes in electrical properties of probe 104.
- the depth D of a sub-surface wrinkle can be measured by scanning probe 104 along non-conductive surface coating 110 and measuring changes in resistance or inductive reactance to determine changes in distance between probe 104 and conductive substrate 112.
- Processing unit 102 may convert the responses of probe 104 into a format suitable for an output device, such as response display element 02b.
- the responses of probe 104 may be converted into a signal representative of a numerical value in a given distance scale, a differential value, or a graph of absolute or relative distances.
- processing unit 102 may be calibrated to trigger an audible or visual alert signal if the measurement indicates a distance that exceeds a certain tolerance limit, for example.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/699,777 US20130088222A1 (en) | 2011-05-10 | 2011-05-10 | System and method for measuring wrinkle depth in a composite structure |
CA2833330A CA2833330C (en) | 2011-05-10 | 2011-05-10 | System and method for measuring wrinkle depth in a composite structure |
EP20110865269 EP2681546A4 (en) | 2011-05-10 | 2011-05-10 | System and method for measuring wrinkle depth in a composite structure |
PCT/US2011/035818 WO2012154168A1 (en) | 2011-05-10 | 2011-05-10 | System and method for measuring wrinkle depth in a composite structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2011/035818 WO2012154168A1 (en) | 2011-05-10 | 2011-05-10 | System and method for measuring wrinkle depth in a composite structure |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2012154168A1 true WO2012154168A1 (en) | 2012-11-15 |
Family
ID=47139444
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2011/035818 WO2012154168A1 (en) | 2011-05-10 | 2011-05-10 | System and method for measuring wrinkle depth in a composite structure |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20130088222A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2681546A4 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2833330C (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012154168A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105509631A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-04-20 | 天津因科新创科技有限公司 | Pulsed eddy current wall thickness detection method and device |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP6175091B2 (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2017-08-02 | 非破壊検査株式会社 | Eddy current inspection device and eddy current inspection method |
US10126122B2 (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2018-11-13 | The Boeing Company | Ultrasonic inspection of wrinkles in composite objects |
CN107748199B (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2021-09-03 | 广西电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Power transformer coil material identification method |
GB202001031D0 (en) | 2020-01-24 | 2020-03-11 | Lm Wind Power As | Measuring device for measuring unevenness of a surface of an item |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3986105A (en) | 1974-03-02 | 1976-10-12 | Elektro-Physik, Hans Nix & Dr. -Ing. E. Steingroever Kg | Dual purpose electromagnetic thickness gauge |
WO2002016922A2 (en) | 2000-08-24 | 2002-02-28 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Method for detecting cracks in electrically conducting materials |
US20040178790A1 (en) * | 2003-03-14 | 2004-09-16 | Gifford Carl B. | Eddy current probe and associated inspection method |
US20080174306A1 (en) * | 2007-01-23 | 2008-07-24 | The Boeing Company | Method and apparatus for detecting inconsistencies in fiber reinforced resin parts using eddy curents |
US20090033323A1 (en) * | 2007-08-01 | 2009-02-05 | Georgeson Gary E | Method and apparatus for nondestructive inspection of interwoven wire fabrics |
US20090060666A1 (en) * | 2007-08-30 | 2009-03-05 | The Boeing Company | Rapid inspection of lightning strike protection systems prior to installing fastener |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5241280A (en) * | 1990-06-05 | 1993-08-31 | Defelsko Corporation | Coating thickness measurement gauge |
US6291992B1 (en) * | 1996-07-12 | 2001-09-18 | Shell Oil Company | Eddy current inspection technique |
US20040070393A1 (en) * | 2002-04-08 | 2004-04-15 | Moshe Sarfaty | Differential measurement method using eddy-current sensing to resolve a stack of conducting films on substrates |
US6815958B2 (en) * | 2003-02-07 | 2004-11-09 | Multimetrixs, Llc | Method and apparatus for measuring thickness of thin films with improved accuracy |
US7557570B2 (en) * | 2005-11-03 | 2009-07-07 | The Clock Spring Company L.P. | System and method for producing color contour maps of surface defects of high pressure pipelines |
US20080072673A1 (en) * | 2006-06-14 | 2008-03-27 | Carnevale Daniel J | Portable testing system |
DE102007004223A1 (en) * | 2007-01-27 | 2008-07-31 | Bönisch, Andreas | Method and device for the nondestructive testing of pipes, rods or the like. Finished parts for the equipment of oil fields |
JP5112007B2 (en) * | 2007-10-31 | 2013-01-09 | 株式会社荏原製作所 | Polishing apparatus and polishing method |
-
2011
- 2011-05-10 CA CA2833330A patent/CA2833330C/en active Active
- 2011-05-10 EP EP20110865269 patent/EP2681546A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-05-10 WO PCT/US2011/035818 patent/WO2012154168A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-05-10 US US13/699,777 patent/US20130088222A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3986105A (en) | 1974-03-02 | 1976-10-12 | Elektro-Physik, Hans Nix & Dr. -Ing. E. Steingroever Kg | Dual purpose electromagnetic thickness gauge |
WO2002016922A2 (en) | 2000-08-24 | 2002-02-28 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Method for detecting cracks in electrically conducting materials |
US20040178790A1 (en) * | 2003-03-14 | 2004-09-16 | Gifford Carl B. | Eddy current probe and associated inspection method |
US20080174306A1 (en) * | 2007-01-23 | 2008-07-24 | The Boeing Company | Method and apparatus for detecting inconsistencies in fiber reinforced resin parts using eddy curents |
US20090033323A1 (en) * | 2007-08-01 | 2009-02-05 | Georgeson Gary E | Method and apparatus for nondestructive inspection of interwoven wire fabrics |
US20090060666A1 (en) * | 2007-08-30 | 2009-03-05 | The Boeing Company | Rapid inspection of lightning strike protection systems prior to installing fastener |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
RAY T. KO; THAO GIBSON; JENNIFER FIELDING, AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, vol. 1211, 1 January 2012 (2012-01-01), pages 409 - 416 |
See also references of EP2681546A4 |
V. K. SRIVASTAVA; A. UDOH; H.-P. MAIER; P. KNOCH; K. MAILE, FORSCHUNG IM INGENIEURWESEN, vol. 68, 2004, pages 169 - 172 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105509631A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-04-20 | 天津因科新创科技有限公司 | Pulsed eddy current wall thickness detection method and device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2833330C (en) | 2016-04-19 |
US20130088222A1 (en) | 2013-04-11 |
EP2681546A4 (en) | 2014-04-16 |
CA2833330A1 (en) | 2012-11-15 |
EP2681546A1 (en) | 2014-01-08 |
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