WO2012154157A1 - Appareil et procédé pour la modification dynamique de schéma de codage sur la base d'utilisation de ressources - Google Patents

Appareil et procédé pour la modification dynamique de schéma de codage sur la base d'utilisation de ressources Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012154157A1
WO2012154157A1 PCT/US2011/035506 US2011035506W WO2012154157A1 WO 2012154157 A1 WO2012154157 A1 WO 2012154157A1 US 2011035506 W US2011035506 W US 2011035506W WO 2012154157 A1 WO2012154157 A1 WO 2012154157A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
frames
encoding scheme
encoded
video stream
computing device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2011/035506
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Magnus FLODMAN
Patrik Westin
Original Assignee
Google Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Google Inc. filed Critical Google Inc.
Priority to PCT/US2011/035506 priority Critical patent/WO2012154157A1/fr
Publication of WO2012154157A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012154157A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/442—Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. detecting the failure of a recording device, monitoring the downstream bandwidth, the number of times a movie has been viewed, the storage space available from the internal hard disk
    • H04N21/4424—Monitoring of the internal components or processes of the client device, e.g. CPU or memory load, processing speed, timer, counter or percentage of the hard disk space used
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/637—Control signals issued by the client directed to the server or network components
    • H04N21/6373—Control signals issued by the client directed to the server or network components for rate control, e.g. request to the server to modify its transmission rate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/637—Control signals issued by the client directed to the server or network components
    • H04N21/6377—Control signals issued by the client directed to the server or network components directed to server
    • H04N21/6379—Control signals issued by the client directed to the server or network components directed to server directed to encoder, e.g. for requesting a lower encoding rate

Definitions

  • the present invention relates in general to video encoding and decoding.
  • VPx a standard promulgated by Google, Inc. of Mountain View, California
  • MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group
  • H.264 is also known as MPEG-4 Part 10 or MPEG-4 AVC (formally, ISO/IEC 14496-10).
  • One aspect of the disclosed embodiments is a method for decoding a video stream having a plurality of frames.
  • the method includes receiving one or more initial encoded frames of the plurality of frames from a transmitting station, the one or more initial encoded frames encoded using a first encoding scheme, processing the one or more initial encoded frames using a computing device having a processor, determining the resource utilization of the computing device, and if the resource utilization exceeds a threshold, sending a request to the transmitting station to encode frames of the plurality of frames using a second encoding scheme that requires fewer resources to decode.
  • the method can include the resource utilization being at least one of processor utilization, memory utilization, or graphics card utilization.
  • the method can include attempting to reduce the computing device's resource utilization by using resource management techniques.
  • the method can include attempting to reduce the processor utilization by eliminating or throttling non-decoding-related processes.
  • the method can include rendering frames for display on a device configured to display the frames at a specified resolution, wherein the threshold is determined at least in part by the specified resolution.
  • the second encoding scheme can include encoding at the specified resolution.
  • the second encoding scheme can include encoding the video stream at a lower resolution or frame rate than the resolution or frame rate at which the video stream is encoded using the first encoding scheme.
  • the processing can include any of buffering, decoding, or rendering the initial encoded frames.
  • Another aspect of the disclosed embodiments is a method for decoding a video stream having a plurality of frames.
  • the method includes receiving one or more initial frames of the plurality of frames, decoding the one or more initial frames using a processor, determining that the processor utilization exceeds a threshold, attempting to reduce the processor utilization, and requesting that subsequent frames of the plurality of frames be encoded at a lower resolution, a lower frame rate, or both.
  • the method can include steps where the receiving and the requesting are performed between at least one receiving station and at least one transmitting station.
  • the apparatus comprises a memory and at least one processor configured to execute instructions stored in the memory to receive one or more initial encoded frames of the plurality of frames from a transmitting station, the one or more initial encoded frames encoded using a first encoding scheme, decode the one or more initial encoded frames, determine the resource utilization of the computing device, and if the resource utilization exceeds a threshold, send a request to the transmitting station to encode that subsequent encoded frames using a second encoding scheme that requires less computing device resources to decode.
  • the method can include sending a signal to the transmitting station requesting that subsequent encoded frames of the plurality of frames be encoded using a second encoding scheme that requires less computing device resources to decode.
  • the resource utilization can include at least one of processor utilization, memory utilization, or graphics card utilization.
  • the second encoding scheme can include instructions to encode the video stream at a lower resolution or frame rate than the resolution or frame rate at which the video stream is encoded using the first encoding scheme.
  • the computing device can include instructions to attempt to reduce the computing device's resource utilization by using resource management techniques.
  • Another aspect of the disclosed embodiments is a method for encoding a video stream having a plurality of frames.
  • the method includes encoding one or more initial frames in the plurality of frames using a first encoding scheme, transmitting the initial encoded frames to a receiving station, receiving a signal from a receiving station requesting that future frames transmitted to the receiving station be encoded using a second encoding scheme that requires fewer resources for decoding, encoding one or more subsequent frames from the plurality of frames using the second encoding scheme, and transmitting the subsequent encoded frames to the receiving station.
  • the signal can include a request that subsequent frames be encoded at a lower resolution or a lower frame rate.
  • the subsequent encoded frames can be encoded at a lower resolution or a lower frame rate.
  • the second encoding scheme can be selected by the encoder.
  • the method can include transmitting the initial encoded frames to one or more additional receiving stations and transmitting the subsequent encoded frames to one or more additional receiving stations.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic of a video encoding and decoding system
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram of a video stream
  • FIG. 3 is a method of dynamically changing an encoder's encoding scheme
  • FIG. 4 is a method of requesting a change in encoding scheme by a receiving station based on resource utilization.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of an encoder and decoder system 10 for still or dynamic video images.
  • An exemplary transmitting station 12 can be, for example, a computer having an internal configuration of hardware including a processor such as a central processing unit (CPU) 14 and a memory 16.
  • CPU 14 is a processor that controls the operations of transmitting station 12.
  • the CPU 14 is connected to memory 16 by, for example, a memory bus.
  • Memory 16 can be random access memory (RAM) or any other suitable memory device.
  • Memory 16 can store data and program instructions which are used by the CPU 14. Other suitable implementations of transmitting station 12 are possible.
  • a network 28 connects transmitting station 12 and a receiving station 30 for transmission of an encoded video stream.
  • the video stream can be encoded by an encoder in transmitting station 12 and the encoded video stream can be decoded by a decoder in receiving station 30.
  • Network 28 can, for example, be the Internet, which is a packet-switched network.
  • Network 28 can also be a local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), virtual private network (VPN), or any other means of transferring the video stream from transmitting station 12.
  • LAN local area network
  • WAN wide area network
  • VPN virtual private network
  • the transmission of the encoded video stream can be accomplished using a realtime protocol, such as the real-time transport protocol (RTP), as described in Request for Comments (RFC) # 3550.
  • RTP real-time transport protocol
  • RRC Request for Comments
  • Control of the transmission can be accomplished using the real-time transport control protocol (RTCP).
  • RTCP real-time transport control protocol
  • CPU 32 is a controller for controlling the operations of receiving station 30.
  • CPU 32 can be connected to memory 34 by, for example, a memory bus.
  • Memory 34 can be RAM or any other suitable memory device. Memory 34 stores data and program instructions that are used by CPU 32. Other suitable implementations of receiving station 30 are possible.
  • a display 36 configured to display a video stream is connected to receiving station 30.
  • Display 36 can be implemented in various ways, including by a liquid crystal display (LCD) or a cathode -ray tube (CRT).
  • the display 36 can be configured to display a rendering of the video stream decoded by the decoder in receiving station 30.
  • playback of video can be delayed or degraded.
  • encoder and decoder system 10 Other implementations of the encoder and decoder system 10 are possible.
  • additional components can be added to the encoder and decoder system 10.
  • a display or a video camera can be attached to transmitting station 12 to capture the video stream to be encoded.
  • a transport protocol other than RTP can be used.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram a typical video stream 50 to be encoded and decoded.
  • Video coding formats for example, VP8 or H.264, provide a defined hierarchy of layers for video stream 50.
  • Video stream 50 includes a video sequence 52.
  • video sequence 52 consists of a number of adjacent frames 54, which can then be further subdivided into a single frame 56.
  • frame 56 can be divided into a series of blocks 58, which can contain data corresponding to, for example, a 16x16 block of displayed pixels in frame 56. Each block can contain luminance and chrominance data for the corresponding pixels.
  • Blocks 58 can also be of any other suitable size such as 16x8 pixel groups or 8x16 pixel groups.
  • FIG. 3 is a method 70 of dynamically changing an encoder's encoding scheme.
  • the encoder encodes the next available frame in a video stream using a first encoding scheme.
  • An encoding scheme is any set of parameters and techniques used to encode a video stream.
  • different encoding schemes can be used to achieve encoded video streams having different levels of compression.
  • video streams encoded using different encoding schemes can require a different amount of computing resources to decode, based on the encoding scheme used. Parameters such as resolution and frame rate can be varied in different encoding schemes to adjust the amount of computing resources needed for decoding.
  • the frame encoded using the first encoding scheme is transmitted to the receiving station.
  • the encoder checks to see if a signal has been received from the receiving station requesting a change in encoding scheme. The signal will be generated by the receiving station if the receiving station's resource utilization exceeds a threshold. If a signal is not received, control will return to stage 72 to encode the next frame in the video stream and to transmit it to the receiving station.
  • the encoder will encode the remaining frames in the video stream using a second encoding scheme at stage 78. Once encoded, the frames are transmitted.
  • the second encoding scheme requires less resources to decode than the first encoding scheme.
  • the second encoding scheme can be requested by the receiving station using the signal or it can be selected by the encoder. In one example, the receiving station can request a second encoding scheme that encodes the video stream at a lower resolution. In another example, the receiving station can request a second encoding scheme that encodes the video stream at a lower frame rate. Other attributes of the second encoding scheme can also be requested or selected.
  • stage 78 can be adapted so that a second signal received from the receiving station can trigger encoding using another encoding scheme.
  • a stage can be added before encoding begins to negotiate the first encoding scheme between the encoder and the receiving station.
  • Other variations are also possible.
  • a transmitting station would encode and transmit the same encoded video stream to each of the receiving stations. If one of the receiving stations, for example, sent a signal for encoding to be switched to another encoding scheme, the change in encoding scheme by the encoder would affect encoded video stream received by all of the receiving stations. In an alternative implementation, a request for a different encoding scheme by one receiving station would not affect the encoded video stream received by the other receiving stations. In other words, the encoder would encode more than one encoded video stream, each encoded video stream intended for one or more of the receiving stations.
  • FIG. 4 is a method 90 of requesting a change in encoding scheme by a receiving station based on resource utilization.
  • the receiving station receives the next frame of an encoded video stream from the transmitting station.
  • the next frame can be encoded using a variety of encoding schemes.
  • the next frame can be encoded using a first encoding scheme that is the original encoding scheme used to encode the video stream.
  • next frame can be encoded using a second encoding scheme that is an encoding scheme requested by the receiving station.
  • the received frame is processed. Processing can include various operations, such as buffering, decoding, and rendering. In some implementations, processing can include saving the decoded video stream to a file.
  • the resource utilization of the receiving station is determined. The resource utilization measurement determination includes decoding related utilization and non-decoding related utilization of the receiving station's resources. Resource utilization can include measurements such as processor (i.e. CPU) utilization, memory utilization, graphics card utilization, and display resolution. Resource utilization can represent the utilization as measured at a single point of time, or can represent the average or other aggregate measure of utilization over a period of time.
  • stage 98 the determined resource utilization is compared to a threshold.
  • the threshold can include one or more pre-determined values based on the measurements included in the determined resource utilization. Alternatively, the receiving station can determine the threshold. If the resource utilization exceeds the threshold, control passes to stage 100.
  • a signal is sent to the transmitting station from where the encoded video stream is being transmitted. The signal includes a request to change the encoding scheme of the video stream so that fewer resources are required to decode subsequent encoded frames of the encoded video stream. There can be a delay in between the signal being sent and the receipt of frames encoded using the second encoding scheme.
  • stage 102 the receiving station determines whether additional frames are available in the encoded video stream. If so, control passes to stage 92 to process the next frame. Otherwise, the method 90 ends.
  • resource management techniques can include, for example, terminating or throttling computing processes on the receiving station that can be stale, non-essential, or not needed.
  • Another example includes employing garbage collection techniques to free up available memory resources on the receiving stations. Numerous other resource management techniques can be employed in various implementations.
  • the signal can request a new encoding scheme specifically.
  • the signal can request that the new encoding scheme produce an encoded video stream at a lower resolution or at a lower frame rate.
  • the signal can request various attributes and permutations of encoding schemes including, for example, monochrome encoding, quantization levels, or encoding standards. Other encoding scheme attributes can be used in other implementations.
  • the measured resource can be the resolution of frames in the encoded video stream, with the threshold being the resolution of the receiving station's display.
  • the display resolution can be that of the entire display, or a portion thereof (i.e. a window) that the video is being rendered within.
  • the operations of encoding and decoding can be performed in many different ways and can produce a variety of encoded data formats.
  • the above-described embodiments of encoding or decoding can illustrate some exemplary encoding techniques. However, in general, encoding and decoding are understood to include any transformation or any other change of data whatsoever.
  • the embodiments of transmitting station 12 and/or receiving station 30 (and the algorithms, methods, instructions etc. stored thereon and/or executed thereby) can be realized in any computing device having hardware, software, or any combination thereof including, for example, IP cores, ASICS, programmable logic arrays, optical processors, programmable logic controllers, microcode, firmware, microcontrollers, servers, microprocessors, digital signal processors or any other suitable circuit.
  • processor should be understood as encompassing any the foregoing, either singly or in combination.
  • signals and “data” are used interchangeably. Further, portions of transmitting station 12 and receiving station 30 do not necessarily have to be implemented in the same manner.
  • transmitting station 12 or receiving station 30 can be implemented using a general purpose computer/processor with a computer program that, when executed, carries out any of the respective methods, algorithms and/or instructions described herein.
  • a special purpose computer/processor can be utilized which can contain specialized hardware for carrying out any of the methods, algorithms, or instructions described herein.
  • Transmitting station 12 and receiving station 30 can, for example, be
  • transmitting station 12 can be implemented on a server and receiving station 30 can be implemented on a device separate from the server, such as a hand-held communications device (i.e. a cell phone).
  • transmitting station 12 can encode content using an encoder into an encoded video signal and transmit the encoded video signal to the communications device.
  • the communications device can then decode the encoded video signal using a decoder.
  • the communications device can decode content stored locally on the communications device (i.e. no transmission is necessary).
  • Other suitable transmitting station 12 and receiving station 30 implementation schemes are available.
  • receiving station 30 can be a personal computer rather than a portable communications device.
  • all or a portion of embodiments of the present invention can take the form of a computer program product accessible from, for example, a computer-usable or computer-readable medium.
  • a computer-usable or computer-readable medium can be any device that can, for example, tangibly contain, store, communicate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with any processor.
  • the medium can be, for example, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, or a semiconductor device. Other suitable mediums are also available.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système, un appareil et un procédé pour le codage et le décodage d'un flux de données vidéo comprenant une pluralité d'images. Les modes de réalisation comprennent la réception d'une ou de plusieurs image(s) initiale(s) codée(s) de la pluralité d'images provenant d'une station d'émission, ladite une ou lesdites plusieurs image(s) initiale(s) étant codée(s) au moyen d'un premier schéma de codage; le traitement de ladite une ou lesdites plusieurs image(s) initiale(s) codée(s) au moyen d'un dispositif informatique comprenant un processeur; la détermination de l'utilisation de ressources du dispositif informatique; et si l'utilisation de ressources dépasse un seuil, la transmission d'une requête à la station d'émission afin de coder des images de la pluralité d'images au moyen d'un second schéma de codage qui nécessite moins de ressources pour le décodage.
PCT/US2011/035506 2011-05-06 2011-05-06 Appareil et procédé pour la modification dynamique de schéma de codage sur la base d'utilisation de ressources WO2012154157A1 (fr)

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Cited By (3)

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WO2015175232A1 (fr) * 2014-05-15 2015-11-19 Qualcomm Incorporated Système et procédé d'optimisation des performances vidéo en couplage sans fil avec affichage à ultra haute définition
GB2549718A (en) * 2016-04-25 2017-11-01 Canon Kk Method for controlling a video-surveillance and corresponding video-surveillance system
CN114650437A (zh) * 2022-03-14 2022-06-21 百果园技术(新加坡)有限公司 一种视频发布方法、装置、设备及存储介质

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WO2015175232A1 (fr) * 2014-05-15 2015-11-19 Qualcomm Incorporated Système et procédé d'optimisation des performances vidéo en couplage sans fil avec affichage à ultra haute définition
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