WO2012153042A1 - Method for producing a partially purified glycolic acid - Google Patents
Method for producing a partially purified glycolic acid Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012153042A1 WO2012153042A1 PCT/FR2012/050986 FR2012050986W WO2012153042A1 WO 2012153042 A1 WO2012153042 A1 WO 2012153042A1 FR 2012050986 W FR2012050986 W FR 2012050986W WO 2012153042 A1 WO2012153042 A1 WO 2012153042A1
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- glycolic acid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/42—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C51/43—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by change of the physical state, e.g. crystallisation
- C07C51/44—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by change of the physical state, e.g. crystallisation by distillation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/02—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides from salts of carboxylic acids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for partially purifying a glycolic acid produced by fermentation.
- Glycolic acid (HOCH 2 COOH), or hydroxyacetic acid, is the first compound in the family of ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acids.
- 1 / glycolic acid can be used:
- This level of purity of glycolic acid is determined by the measurement of a coiometric index which reflects its thermal stability.
- This color test is to measure the color of the stain. purified glycolic acid at 180 ° C for 2 hours. This colorimetric measure is. carried out on a spectrocolorimeter and is expressed in APHA unit, the lower the level of impurities, the lower will be the coloration of glycolic acid.
- a “partially purified" glycolic acid then means a glycolic acid having between 300 and 1000 APBA,
- High purity glycolic acid has less than 300 APl1A.
- the partially purified glycolic acid according to the invention can be used in the following applications:
- glycolic acid examples include methyl glycolate and glycolate.
- the latter is used as a solvent in some varnishes because it is nonvolatile and has a good dissolution capacity.
- glycolic acid is conventionally prepared chemically:
- US Patent 4,431,486 discloses a chemical synthesis process in which the glycolic acid is prepared by carbonation of formaldehyde in the presence of e u and single tallow acid as a catalyst.
- the crude glycolic acid from the reaction undergoes azeotropic distillation in the presence of toluene.
- a first portion of the distillate is retained as a seri-refined product while the second portion of the distillate is recycled to the process as a starting reaction medium.
- Glycolic acid can also be isolated from natural sources such as sugar cane, sugar beets, pineapples, melons and unripe grapes.
- glycolic acid can be prepared energetically ("enzymatic bioconversion") but also by fermentation, a technical field to which the present invention relates.
- the production of glycolic acid by fermentation is generally carried out with a microorganism of the genus Escharichia, Aureobas.id.ium, Williopsj.s, Nocard a or Rhodoco cus. It is especially here to use these cells for their natural or acquired ability to perform enzymatic bioconversions.
- This microorganism has thus acquired the ability to convert the ethylene glycol to the glycosidic acid by a first enzyme, and then the glycosidic acid thus produced is then converted to glycolic acid by a second enzyme.
- the glycolic acid is more particularly produced by a recombinant E. coli such as for example described by the international patent applications WO 2007 / i3 ⁇ 40,816 and WO 2007 / 141,316.
- glycolic acid is achieved by fermentation of a renewable carbon source, such as glucose (used as a model carbon source).
- a renewable carbon source such as glucose (used as a model carbon source).
- This host cell Et coli is genetically modified so as to:
- This reconroinous E. coli is also genetically modified so as to increase the bioavailability of NFTDPB blinkrace 11ulaire,
- the reduction of the glyoxylate consumption pathways is achieved by attenuation of at least one of the genes aceB f gicB, gel e t. eda.
- the KADPH glyoxylate reductase nailed in the host recGKibinante strain is preferably endogenous, or is selected from the group consisting of ycc and yiaHb genes.
- Mitigation of the glycolate consumption pathways is achieved by mutation of the genes encoding gateic acid oxidase or a.ZdA coding for giycoaidehyde dehydrogenase.
- the metabolic rate is increased in the direction of the glyoxylate synthesis pathway by:
- the NADPH bioavailability is attenuated by at least the pgII gene coding for glucose-6-phosphate iso erase, udhA, encoding the soluble transhydrogenase, or edd, coding for phosphogens. 1uconate dehydratase ..
- glycolic acid transoosabies industrially, and adapted to the desired quality of glycemic acid.
- the operating conditions must however. be controlled: use a starting aqueous solution supporting a mixture of 20 to 50% free acid and dimer of gicylic acid and add a hydroxide derivative of high po dition, which. leads to the formation of cyclic esters to the detriment of olio- F
- glycolic acid by crystallization is therefore often preferred over distillation.
- This crystallization is carried out by cooling an aqueous solution of glycolic acid, in order to obtain the hydrogenic acid catalyst,
- glycolic acid as such, or conventionally obtained from the glyoolate, is thus carried out by a prior acidification step using a cation exchange resin, a bipolar electrodialysis or by addition of sulphuric acid, as follows:
- the level of purity of the thus purified glycolic acid is determined by measuring a colorimetric index (color index APHA ⁇ HAZEN or reflecting the heat stability of the glycolic f acid.e product.
- This bioimetric measurement is carried out with the aid of a spectrocoiorimeter scanning wavelengths of the visible range from 380 nm to 78 ⁇ m, and is expressed in APHA unit.
- the measurement protocol is as follows:
- e method according to the invention for preparing a glycolic acid of ermentary origin, having a quality between 300 and 1000 ⁇ comprises the following steps:
- cvc ' coc: i eliminate totally or partially the organic impurities and / or soluble .minérales using a separation technology selected from the group consisting of ionic resins Î0 year s low and activated carbon f taken alone or in. comb ⁇ naison,
- the first step of this process according to the invention consists in clarifying the fermentation medium containing the glycolytes so as to obtain a solution of glycoyates essentially free of its insoluble organic impurities.
- the ferraentation medium may be from any fermentation producing glycoiates, especially bacterial cultures, for example E. coli.
- the producer Microo ganisme glycolic acid chosen is a strain b '' obch;:.; ; A recombinant E. coli as described in WO 2007 / 140,816 and WO 2007/13166, genotype strain: G165 AaceE togcl Agi oDEFG.3 Aa ion Aio R to PG.i. :: Cm Aed - eda :: Cm ⁇ udhA :: Cm (pME 101 ⁇ --ycdW).
- Clarification of the fermentation medium refers to the removal of insoluble organic impurities, ie biomass, residual insoluble proteins and insoluble particles.
- the clarified solution is typically a clear solution.
- This removal of insoluble organic impurities is carried out by a method known as such by humans. This is the method chosen, for example, in the group consisting of centrifugation, centrifugation and thread. ration on rotating drum.
- the second step of the process according to the invention consists in converting the glycolytes into glycolic acid, so as to obtain a free glycolic acid solution.
- This acidification step is carried out by any method known per se as known in the art, a method chosen, for example, from the group consisting of bipolar electrolytes on bipolar membranes, ion exchange resins or the addition of strong acid,
- This preliminary step can be carried out by passing the glycolytic solution through a weak cation exchange resin in the presence of a chemophosphoric acid donor or O; eco- in order to complex the cations drvendings.
- this step with bipolar electrodialysis, and in order to increase the conversion efficiencies of the glycolytic ions into free glycolic acid, it may be proposed to complete this second step of the process according to the invention by a treatment. on strong cation resin echengease. This optional additional step can thus allow the conversion of 5 to 20% residual glycoiates.
- the applicant company then recommends using a strong cation exchange resin of the oorsystyrene DVB type with sulfonic groups.
- a strong cation exchange resin of the oorsystyrene DVB type with sulfonic groups As will be explained below, the Applicant Company converted 90% of the glycolates by bipolar electrodialysis and the remaining 10% by treatment with strong cation exchange resin.
- the third step of the process according to the invention consists in optionally eliminating all or part of the soluble organic and / or mineral impurities using a separating technology selected from the group consisting of weak anionic resins and activated carbon, taken alone or in combination.
- the Applicant Company recommends effect after i f total conversion step of giycolates glycolic free acid to achieve a removal of soluble inorganic impurities such as minerals arming step by passing over a weak anionic resin having as a backbone structure Polystyrene (eg Lewatic S4528 resin in free base form).
- a weak anionic resin having as a backbone structure Polystyrene (eg Lewatic S4528 resin in free base form).
- This step also allows the elimination of some of the soluble organic impurities such as amino acids.
- a decolorization step activated carbon (for example 5% dry matter), having the effect of significantly reducing the levels of organic impurities? soluble (staining precursors and organic nitrogen).
- the fourth step of the process according to the invention consists in di tilling the free glycolic acid solution, previously concentrated to. a dry matter of more than 60% by dry weight, preferably between 60 and 80% by dry weight, with the aid of a distillation technology allowing a very short residence time, less than 5 min, preferably included between 0 and 2 minutes.
- the Applicant Company has thus unexpectedly and unexpectedly shown that it is possible to purify by distillation free glycolic acid in aqueous solution (ie still having up to 20% water, more especially still between up to. 40% water) f without risk of condensation, if one chooses a technology to a distil lation 1 / glycolic acid at high temperature in a very short residence time less than 5 min, preferably between 0 S and 2 min.
- glycolic acid for example 70% dry matter
- a residence time of 0-2 mm encompasses a residence time of 1 second (if f 1 to 2 s. 2 its 10 s, 10 s to 30 s, 30 s to 1 min, 1 At 1.5 min and 1.5 min to 2 min, a concentrated free acid solution of 60 to 80 wt.% solids content comprises a solution of free acidic acid concentrated to a dry matter between 60 and 65% by weight, 65% to 70% by weight, 70% to 75% by weight and 75% to 80% by weight.
- a 60% by weight solids-containing acidic acid solution corresponds to a solution comprising: ⁇ 0 h0% by weight of water and. 60% by weight of dry matter, said dry matter corresponding to. residue obtained after total elimination of water from said solution and the percentages being expressed relative to the total weight of the solution,
- the step of distilling the free acidic acid solution is carried out under reduced pressure.
- the distillation pressure is typically between about 1 mbar and about 50 mbar, preferably between 20 bar and 40 mbar.
- the distillation is carried out at an annealed pressure of 3 bar.
- the distillation temperature depends, between anchors, of the pressure established in the distiller.
- the distillation temperature may be from about IQ ° C,
- the distillation temperature is generally from 120 ° C. to 190 ° C., preferably from 130 ° C. to 190 ° C.
- a distillation temperature of 13G C C 1S0 ° C comprises a distillation temperature of 130 ':' C to 140 'C, 140 ° C to 150 t: C, 150 ° C to 16G ° C, 160 ° C to 170 ° C and 170 ° C to 180 C C,
- the distillation temperature can be between 130 ° C and 150 ° C. It is typically 14015 ° C.
- the Applicant Company recommends the use of a continuous distillation of film, thin film, falling film or scraped film (technology called "short path" by angle-saxons), preferably a continuous distillation of scraped film as will be exemplified above. after.
- These distillation techniques include the spreading of the free glyceric acid solution. a thin film on a hot wall of the chamber distillation and under reduced pressure. Under these conditions, the glycolic acid is gradually vaporized. The distillate of glycolic acid is. recovered by condensation in contact with a cold surface (condenser). Depending on the technology used, the condenser may be placed in the center of the distillation chamber or outside the distillation chamber.
- the distillers used for the implementation of these techniques generally comprise a vertical tabular distillation chamber, the feed inlet is at the top of the distillation chamber.
- the distillation chamber may be provided with a rotor with blades or with a rotary scraper, which allows the continuous continuous filming of the solution to be distilled.
- a rotor with blades or with a rotary scraper which allows the continuous continuous filming of the solution to be distilled.
- those skilled in the art may use i f any of the devices commercially available, in particular evaporators scraped film (vd.ped film) with ezterne condenser or evaporator ⁇ ⁇ short path. With internal condenser, that is to say placed inside the distillation chamber.
- Such distillers are; :., oco ⁇ : here: ... es, among others, by VTA (MAX STFEIERS GmbH & Co. KG aA),
- the step of distilling the free glycolic acid solution previously concentrated to a dry matter content of between 60% and 80% is carried out by continuous thin-film distillation, falling stream or wiped film in the presence of a distillation temperature of between 130 ° C and IoT ⁇ C and a pressure between 20 bar and 40 bar.
- the glycolic acid solution before entering the distiller is generally at room temperature, typically 1.5 '; C at 30 ° C (feed temperature).
- the fifth step of the process according to the invention finally consists in recovering the glycolic acid thus distilled.
- the method according to the invention may comprise one or more steps additional to those previously described.
- the method according to the present invention may comprise a preliminary step (i.e. a step prior to step 1) of clarifying; comprising providing a fermentation medium comprising glycomers.
- This medium is preferably a fermentation medium of a microorganism capable of producing glycolic acid or one of its salts by fermentation, preferably from glucose.
- the subject of the present invention is also a glycolic acid of fermentative origin which can be obtained or obtained by the preparation process according to the invention.
- This glycolic acid of fermentative origin is characterized in that it has a calorimetric index ranging from 300 to 1000 APHA.
- a colorimetric index ranging from 300 to 1000 APBA comprises a colorimetric index of 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800. , 900 and 1000 APhA, or made of sound.
- the invention can comenir geese organic impurities in an amount of at most 10% by dry weight.
- the glycolic acid has not more than 5% or even more than 2% by dry weight of organic impurities.
- the glycolic acid generally has from 0.3% to 2% by weight of impurities.
- organic impurities come from the fermentation process used prior to the preparation process according to the invention.
- These impurities essentially correspond to organic acids and are selected from the group consisting of citric acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, fornicic acid and mixtures thereof.
- the glycolic acid of fermentative origin according to the invention includes, as impurities:
- the glycolic acid according to the invention comprises the five types of impurities in the proportions indicated above.
- the glycolic acid of fermentative origin according to the invention has a color index and a degree of purity which makes it suitable for uses in cosraetic, food, textile and building industries.
- the glycolic acid according to the invention can be used as a water scalding agent, dyeing and tanning agent. preservative, cleaning agent, and additive for ink and paint are.
- an additional object is a process for the preparation of a composition comprising glycolic acid of iron origin, said method of preparation comprising the steps of:
- the final composition may be a pharmaceutical composition, a cosmetic composition, a food composition or a composition intended for industrial use. It may in particular be a coiûpositron of cleaning of industrial installations, of a dye composition, paint, ink or tanning or following a composition for use oans a chemical process.
- step b) may comprise mixing the glycemic acid obtained in step a with one. or more solvents or compounds.
- the fermentative acidic acid can be mixed with one or more cosmetically acceptable excipients and optionally with one or more active ingredients added,
- the acidic acid according to the invention can be mixed with, inter alia, a filler, a diluent and a pigment.
- the acidic acid can be dissolved in, for example, with a solvent, preferably water, so as to obtain a concentrated solution of glycolic acid having 60% strength. % to 30% by weight, preferably about 70% by weight of glycolic acid.
- a solvent preferably water
- This composition may include other cleaning agents.
- HAZ N staining is measured directly on a LICO 200 apectrocolorimeter (DR LAiSiGK;).
- the HAZEN or APilA staining index is used to evaluate the color of almost colorless products. In the light yellow field it is more selective than the iodine color scale, for example, and allows to detect a point of color in an almost colorless liquid.
- the cations are, measured by atomic emission spectrometry using a plasma detection.
- Anions such as surface, chlorine and. the phosphate are separated on a column of anions, type Di.on.er AS11 - HCl heated to 36 ° C. The detection is carried out using a conductimeter, the eluent sees its NaOR concentration increase gradually. Trifluoroacetic acid is used as an internal standard.
- the organic acids are separated by ion exchange chromatography; 3 columns of type Biorad HPX-87H in series, heated to 85 C and with UV detection at 210 nm.
- the eluent is su.fifuric acid at 5 m. Quantitative analysis is performed by external calihration. Pyruvic, malic, fluoric, lactic, formic and acetic acids are used as standards.
- the glucose content assayed by this method must be less than 1 g / 1. Similarly, for fructose contents, the amounts of glucose ⁇ fructose must be less than. Ig / i.
- the total glucose assay is performed by chlorhydric hydrolysis.
- This method makes it possible to quantify the total glucose contained in a sample:
- the glycolic acid is produced by fermentation of glucose by the MG165 strain Agace AgCDEAgb Aa MB AicJR Apgi: -. ÎÎX àedd-eda: ⁇ ; Cm AudhAiiCm ⁇ pMEl 01-e W) cited above (see International Patent Applications WO 2007 / 140,816 and WO 2007 / 1,1,316).
- Biomass and insolubles are eliminated by microbiological filtration with a cut-off of 0.1 ⁇ ⁇ .
- the solution thus obtained is treated with a chelating resin (Rohm fi Haas IRC 747) at a rate of 2 BV / hr in order to eliminate the divalent cations which would deteriorate the meateal chains.
- a chelating resin Rohm fi Haas IRC 747
- the fermentation broth is then acidified with 90% by bipolar èiectrodiaiyse (EUR6 5 f 55m 2 d J SURODIA ®) and 10% of residual cations are removed by passage over a strong ionic cat resin styrenic backbone (PUROLIîE ® ClSOli) a flow rate of 2 BV / h -
- the acidified solution has the composition given in taff water 2,
- the process according to invention allows a significant f impr ation of the thermal stability of the giycoiique acid product.
- the time j sé our short imposed by distillation technology "short path allowing the presence of water in the raw material allows to obtain a distilled t with a very low content of oligomers; 2% dimers),
- organic acid is of satisfactory purity for industrial applications (the main impurities are organic acids which are not troublesome for industrial cleaning, for example).
- the fermentation must is acidified as described in Example 1.
- composition of the medium at the anionic resin outlet is shown in Table 4 below.
- Table 4 Composition of the acidified solution treated with anionic resin
- Table 5 Composition, distillate.
- the fermentation mixture is clarified, acidified and demineralized under the conditions described in Examples 1 and 4. 2.
- One decolorization step with 5% (w / w dry) activated carbon (Norit S> d) is carried out in order to remove more solubilized organic impurities and staining precursors.
- the contact time is 1 h at room temperature, then the activated carbon is filtered.
- composition of the filtrate is. presented in Table 6.
- Table 6 Composition of the demineralized solution treated with activated carbon
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for producing a glycolic acid of fermentation origin, having a colorimetric quality of between 300 and 1000 AΡΗA, said method comprising the following steps: clarifying the fermentation medium containing the glycolates in such a way as to obtain a glycolate solution that has been rid of its insoluble organic impurities; converting the glycolates into glycolic acid in such a way as to obtain a free glycolic acid solution; optionally eliminating all or some of the organic impurities and/or soluble minerals by means of a separation technology selected from the group consisting of the weak anionic resins and of the activated carbon or granular carbon black, individually or combined; distilling the free glycolic acid solution that has been previously concentrated to a dry material of more than 60 dry weight %, preferably between 60 and 80 dry weight %, by means of a distillation technology allowing a very short residence time of less than 5 minutes, preferably between 0 and 2 minutes; and recovering the glycolic acid distilled in this way.
Description
PROCEDE DE PREPARATION D'UN ACIDE GLYCOLIQUE PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A GLYCOLIC ACID
PAR IELLEMENT PURI PIE BY LIKE PURI PIE
La présente invention se rapporte à un procédé de purification partielle d'un acide glycolique produit par fermentat on . The present invention relates to a process for partially purifying a glycolic acid produced by fermentation.
L'acide glycolique (HOCHjCOOH) , ou acide hydroxy acétique, est le premier composé de la famille des acides aI ha- ydroxy carboxyliqaes . Glycolic acid (HOCH 2 COOH), or hydroxyacetic acid, is the first compound in the family of α-hydroxycarboxylic acids.
Pn fonction de son degré de pureté, 1/ acide glycolique peut être utilisé : According to its degree of purity, 1 / glycolic acid can be used:
pour des applications nécessitant une pureté très élevée : coiœae intermédiaire de synthèse, notamment pour la fabrication de polymères, for applications requiring a very high purity: intermediate synthetic synthesis, especially for the manufacture of polymers,
pour des applications nécessitant une pureté moins élevée, dite <·· partielle » : en cosmétologie, dans les textiles, en alimentaire ou dans les industries diverses. for applications requiring a lower purity, called "partial": in cosmetology, in textiles, in food or in various industries.
Ce niveau de pureté de l' acide glycolique est déterminé par la mesure d' un indice coio imétrique qui tradui t sa stabilité thermique. Ce test color i ét.r ique consiste à mesurer la coloration de J.' acide glycolique purifié a ès traitement a 180°C pendant 2 heures. Cette mesure co1orimétrique est. réalisée sur spectrocolorimètre et est exprimée en unité APHA, Plus faible sera le niveau d'impuretés, plus faible sera la coloration de l'acide glycolique. This level of purity of glycolic acid is determined by the measurement of a coiometric index which reflects its thermal stability. This color test is to measure the color of the stain. purified glycolic acid at 180 ° C for 2 hours. This colorimetric measure is. carried out on a spectrocolorimeter and is expressed in APHA unit, the lower the level of impurities, the lower will be the coloration of glycolic acid.
Au sens de l'invention, un acide glycolique « partiellement purifié » s'entend alors d'un acide glycolique présentant entre 300 et 1000 APBA , For the purposes of the invention, a "partially purified" glycolic acid then means a glycolic acid having between 300 and 1000 APBA,
Un acide glycolique de pureté élevée présente quant à lui moins de 300 APÏ1A. High purity glycolic acid has less than 300 APl1A.
L'acide glycolique partiellement purifié selon l'invention peut être mis en œuvre dans les applications suivantes : The partially purified glycolic acid according to the invention can be used in the following applications:
- en cosmétologie, comme produit de soins de la peau, le plus souvent comme agent de « desquamation » chimique, grâce à sa petite taille et à son excellente capacité à pénétrer la peau.
- clans l'industrie textile comme agent de teinture et de tannage , - in cosmetology, as a skin care product, most often as a chemical "desquamation" agent, thanks to its small size and its excellent ability to penetrate the skin. - in the textile industry as a dyeing and tanning agent,
- dans l'industrie de fransformation des aliments co;ume aromatisant et comme agent de conservation, - in the food processing industry as a flavoring agent and as a preservative,
- dans les industries du bâtiment comme agent nettoyant pour le béton, - in the building trades as a cleaning agent for concrete,
dans les industries diverses, pour la préparation àr émulsions, de solvants et comme additifs pour encre et peinture afin d'améliorer les propriétés ά' écoulement et de brillant. in various industries, for the preparation in st emulsions, solvents and as additives for ink and paint in order to improve the properties ά flow and gloss.
Du point de vue commercial, les produits dérivés importants de 1/ acide glycoiique sont notamment le méthyle glycolate et le but ie glycolate. Ce dernier est mis en œuvre coïïime solvant dans certains vernis, car non volatile et présentant une bonne capacité de dissolution. From a commercial point of view, the important by-products of glycolic acid include methyl glycolate and glycolate. The latter is used as a solvent in some varnishes because it is nonvolatile and has a good dissolution capacity.
L'acide glycoiique est classiquement préparé par voie chimigue : The glycolic acid is conventionally prepared chemically:
- a partir d'acide chioracétique et de soude, - from chioracetic acid and soda,
- par hydrogénation de l'acide oxalique, on by hydrogenation of oxalic acid,
- par hydrolyse de cyanohydrine dérivé du formaldéhyde . by hydrolysis of cyanohydrin derived from formaldehyde.
Le brevet US 4,431,486 décrit un procédé de synthèse chimique dans lequel l'acide glycoiique est préparé par oarbonyiation du formaldéhyde en présence d'e u et d'acide suif unique en tant que catalyseur. L'acide glycoiique brut issu de la réaction subit une distillation azéotropique en présence de toluène. Une première partie du distillât est conservée en tant que produit serai-raffiné alors que la seconde partie du distillât est recyclée dans le procédé en tant que milieu réactionnel de départ. US Patent 4,431,486 discloses a chemical synthesis process in which the glycolic acid is prepared by carbonation of formaldehyde in the presence of e u and single tallow acid as a catalyst. The crude glycolic acid from the reaction undergoes azeotropic distillation in the presence of toluene. A first portion of the distillate is retained as a seri-refined product while the second portion of the distillate is recycled to the process as a starting reaction medium.
L'acide glycoiique peut être également isolé de sources naturelles telles que canne à sucre, betteraves à sucre, ananas, melons et raisins non mûrs. Glycolic acid can also be isolated from natural sources such as sugar cane, sugar beets, pineapples, melons and unripe grapes.
L'acide glycoiique peut enfin être préparé par voie enzy atique {« bioconversion enzy atique >>} mais aussi par fermentation, domaine technique auquel se rapporte la présente invention .
La production d'acide glycolique par fe me ta ion est généralement réalisée avec un microorganisme du genre Escharichia , Aureobas.id.ium, Williopsj.s, Nocard a ou Rhodoco cus . Il s'agit surtout ici d'utiliser ces cellules pour leur capacité naturelle ou acquise de réaliser des bioconversions enzymatiques . Finally, the glycolic acid can be prepared energetically ("enzymatic bioconversion") but also by fermentation, a technical field to which the present invention relates. The production of glycolic acid by fermentation is generally carried out with a microorganism of the genus Escharichia, Aureobas.id.ium, Williopsj.s, Nocard a or Rhodoco cus. It is especially here to use these cells for their natural or acquired ability to perform enzymatic bioconversions.
Dans la demande de brevet WO 2002/068658, ri est décrit par exemple une E, coli exprimant une activité iritrilase ou nitrrle hydratase lui permettant dé hydrater du giycolonit rile en glycoiate. Ce microorganisïae est alors placé dans une solution de phosphate de potassium contenant du g lycoionitriie afin d'obtenir un glycoiate d'ammonium. In the patent application WO 2002/068658, for example, an E. coli expressing an iritrilase or nitrile hydratase activity enabling it to hydrate glycolonitrile to glycoidate is described. This microorganism is then placed in a solution of potassium phosphate containing lycoionitrile to obtain ammonium glycoyate.
Les voies de production par Escherichia , Aureobas idi.usn, Will iops is , Nocarcîia ou .Rhodococcus empruntent plutôt la voie de production d'acide glycolique à partir d'étnylène glycol. The routes of production by Escherichia, Aureobas idi.usn, Will iops is, Nocarcia or .Rhodococcus rather take the route of production of glycolic acid from ethylene glycol.
Dans la demande de brevet EP 1,947.079, il est décrit par exemple une Escherichia coli recombinante capable d'oxyder de i'éthylène glycol en acide glycolique. In the patent application EP 1,947,079, there is described for example a recombinant Escherichia coli capable of oxidizing ethylene glycol to glycolic acid.
Ce mi croorganisme a ainsi acquis la capacité de convertir l'èthyiène glycol en giycoiaidéhyde par une première enzyme, puis le giycoiaidéhyde ainsi produit est ensuite converti en acide glycolique, par une seconde enzyme. This microorganism has thus acquired the ability to convert the ethylene glycol to the glycosidic acid by a first enzyme, and then the glycosidic acid thus produced is then converted to glycolic acid by a second enzyme.
Dans la présente invention, l'acide glycolique est plus particulièrement produit par une E. coli recombinante telle que par exemple décrit par les demandes de brevet internationales WO 2007/i¾0,816 et WO 2007/141.316. In the present invention, the glycolic acid is more particularly produced by a recombinant E. coli such as for example described by the international patent applications WO 2007 / i¾0,816 and WO 2007 / 141,316.
Contrairement aux voies classiques de bioconversion enzymatique a partir de giycolonit ri 1 e ou d'éthylène glycol telles que présentées ci-avant, la production de l'acide glycolique y est réalisée par fermentation d'une source de carbone renouvelable, tel le glucose (utilisé comme source carbonée £ermentescible modèle} . Unlike the conventional enzymatic bioconversion pathways from glycolonitrile or ethylene glycol as presented above, the production of glycolic acid is achieved by fermentation of a renewable carbon source, such as glucose ( used as a model carbon source).
Cette cellule hôte Et coli est génétiquement modifiée de manière à : This host cell Et coli is genetically modified so as to:
i) atténuer ses voies de consommation du giyozylate en d'autres composés que le glycoiate.
iiî utiliser une ADPH giyoxyiate réductase pour convertir le glyoxylate en glycolate, i) to attenuate its routes of consumption of giyozylate into compounds other than glycoiate. use a glyoxylate reductase ADPH to convert the glyoxylate to glycolate,
iii) atténuer ses niveaux df expression de toutes les enzymes dégradant le glycolate, et iii) reduce its levels of expression of all f degrading enzymes glycolate, and
iv) accroître le flux dans la voie de synthèse du giyoxylate , iv) increase the flow in the giyoxylate synthesis pathway,
Cette E. coli reconroinaiite est également géné iquement modifiée de manière à augmenter la biodisponibiiité du NftDPB iritrace 11ulaire, This reconroinous E. coli is also genetically modified so as to increase the bioavailability of NFTDPB iritrace 11ulaire,
La réduction des voies de consommation du glyoxylate est réalisée par atténuation, d'au moins un des gènes aœBf gicB, gel e t. eda . The reduction of the glyoxylate consumption pathways is achieved by attenuation of at least one of the genes aceB f gicB, gel e t. eda.
La KADPH glyoxylate réductase clouée dans la souche recGKibinante hôte est préférentiellement endogène, ou est sélectionnée dans le groupe constitué des gènes ycc et yiaHb The KADPH glyoxylate reductase nailed in the host recGKibinante strain is preferably endogenous, or is selected from the group consisting of ycc and yiaHb genes.
L'atténuation des voies de consommation du glycolate est réalisée par mutation des gènes cricDEF codant la glycolate oxydase ou a.ZdA codant pour la giycoaidéhyde déshydrogénase. Mitigation of the glycolate consumption pathways is achieved by mutation of the genes encoding gateic acid oxidase or a.ZdA coding for giycoaidehyde dehydrogenase.
Le fiux métabolique est accru dans le sens de la voie de synthèse du glyoxylate par : The metabolic rate is increased in the direction of the glyoxylate synthesis pathway by:
atténuation du gène codant l'activité isocitrate déshydrogénase f ou attenuation of the gene encoding isocitrate dehydrogenase activity f or
-■ atténuation d'au moins le gène ptap codant pour la ohospho-transacétylase f le gène ack, codant pour lf acétate kinase, ou le gène poxB, codant pour la pyruvate oxydase f ou - ■ attenuation of at least the gene coding for the PTAP ohospho transacetylase f the ack gene encoding acetate kinase l f, or the poxB gene coding for pyruvate oxidase or f
stimulation de l' expression du gène aceA par surexpression du gene en tant que tel, ou par atténuation des gènes iciR ou fad'R. stimulation of the expression of the aceA gene by overexpression of the gene as such, or by attenuation of the genes hereR or fad ' R.
Enfin, il est procédé à l'augmentation de la biodisponibiiité en NADPH, par atténuation, d'au moins le gène pgii codant pour ia glucose- 6-phosphate iso érase, udhA, codant la transhydrogénase soiuble, ou edd, codant pour la phosphog 1uconate déshydratase .. Finally, the NADPH bioavailability is attenuated by at least the pgII gene coding for glucose-6-phosphate iso erase, udhA, encoding the soluble transhydrogenase, or edd, coding for phosphogens. 1uconate dehydratase ..
Ces voies de production d'acide glycoiique par bioconversion enaymatique ou pa.r fermentation s'accompagnent de la recherche de nouveaux procédés améliorés de purification
d'acide giycoiique,. transoosabies industriellement, et adaptés à la qualité d'acide giycoiique recherchée. These pathways for producing glycolic acid by enaymatic bioconversion or by fermentation are accompanied by the search for new and improved purification methods. of glycolic acid ,. transoosabies industrially, and adapted to the desired quality of glycemic acid.
Les deux étapes unitaires clefs des procédés de parif ication muiti-étagées de l'état de la technique sont classiquement : The two key unit steps of multi-stage parif ication processes of the state of the art are conventionally:
la distillation, distillation,
1 orist 11 isation.. 1 orist 11 isation ..
la; première voie concerne surtout la. distillation des dérivés esténfiés de l'acide giycoiique, plutôt que l'acide giycoiique en tant que tel. the; first way concerns especially the. distilling of the derivatives of glycerolic acid rather than glycolic acid as such.
En effet, si .le relativement faible point dé eiauiiition de l'acide giycoiique (ca. 17Q°C) oriente naturellement l'homme du métier a choisir la distillation comme étape unitaire de purification, la difficulté inhérente à cette technologie est qu'à haute température, la tendance naturelle des acides hydroxy carboayiiques en général, et de l'acide giycoiique en particulier, est à la polycondensation . In fact, if the relatively low point of elimination of the acidic acid (ca. 17 ° C.) naturally directs the person skilled in the art to choose distillation as a unit purification step, the difficulty inherent in this technology is that, high temperature, the natural tendency of carboayiiques hydroxy acids in general, and the giycoiique acid in particular is in the polycondensation.
Les technologies classiques de distillation ne permettent donc pas de distiller l'acide giycoiique libre puisqu'il y a compéti ion entre distillation et condensation des :maiécules d'acide giycoiique (ci, les demandes de brevets internationales WO 1992/05138, WO2G06/0691.3.0 et WO 2006/0691295. Conventional distillation technologies therefore do not allow the free fatty acid to be distilled since there is competition between distillation and condensation of the acidic acid molecules (see International Patent Applications WO 1992/05138, WO2G06 / 0691.3 .0 and WO 2006/0691295.
De ce fait, l'homme du métier finit souvent, par renoncer à utiliser cette technologie pour purifier l'acide giycoiique en tant, que tel, trop contraignante en matière de contrôle des conditions de chauffage, et lui. préférer la. distillation des esters; de l'acide giycoiique, ou de ses amin.es ou aniides dérivées, l'étape d' estérification avant la distillation permettant de bloquer la. condensation de l'acide giycoiique. As a result, a person skilled in the art often ends up by foregoing the use of this technology to purify the chemical acid as such, which is too restrictive in controlling the heating conditions, and it. prefer the. ester distillation; glycoic acid, or its derivatives or amines, the esterification step prior to the distillation to block the. condensation of glycolic acid.
Par exemple, dans le brevet EP 2.050,733, il est recommandé de produire un ester cyclique de l'acide giycoiique. For example, in EP 2,050,733, it is recommended to produce a cyclic ester of glycolic acid.
Les conditions opératoires doivent cependant. être contrôlées : utiliser une solution aqueuse de départ soutenant un mélange de 20 à 50 % en acide giycoiique libre et dimère d'acide giycoiique et y ajouter un dérivé hydroxyié de haut poi t d' éb iii tion, qui. condui a à la formation d'esters cycliau.es au détriment de celle d' o.l i oomèr es ,
Lf ajout de composés de type 1•-octadecariol. , 1 --tridéeanoi , diphényle méthane! , dodécanol, polyalkène alcool, ou dérivés de phénol de type l-naphtol, 2-naphLol et pyrodécanoi, voire des composés présentant deux fonctions hydroxyies de type pro ylène giycol, butylène glycol... ne rendent cependant pas ce procédé parti cul ièrement attractif . The operating conditions must however. be controlled: use a starting aqueous solution supporting a mixture of 20 to 50% free acid and dimer of gicylic acid and add a hydroxide derivative of high po dition, which. leads to the formation of cyclic esters to the detriment of olio- F The addition of compounds of type 1 • -octadecariol. , 1 - tri-phase, diphenyl methane! dodecanol, polyalkene alcohol, or phenol derivatives of 1-naphthol type, 2-napholol and pyrodecanone, or even compounds having two hydroxyl functions such as propylene glycol or butylene glycol, do not, however, make this process particularly attractive. .
La distillation, de dérivée aminés, ami.des ou cLiaib le ammonium de l' acide glycoiique en présence d'agent azéosrope est également proposée dans la demande de brevet WO 02/074403, mais ici également, la complexité et la lourdeur de la technologie mise an œuvre sont préjudiciables, The distillation of amine derivative, amide or ammonia of the glycolic acid in the presence of azeosropic agent is also proposed in the patent application WO 02/074403, but here too, the complexity and heaviness of the technology. implementation are prejudicial,
La purification de 17 acide glycoiique par cristallisation, est donc souvent préférée à la distillation. The purification of glycolic acid by crystallization is therefore often preferred over distillation.
Cette cristallisation est réalisée par refroidissement d'une solution aqueuse d'acide glycoiique, pour obtenir de 1 ' aci.de g1yco 1 ique de h ut e u reté , This crystallization is carried out by cooling an aqueous solution of glycolic acid, in order to obtain the hydrogenic acid catalyst,
On met ainsi en œuvre la cristallisation de l'acide glycoiique en tant que tel, ou classiquement obtenu à partir du glyoolate par une étape préalable d'acidification à l'aide d'une résine échangeuse de cations, d'une èiectrodialyse bipolaire ou par ajout d'acide suifurique, de la manière suivante : The crystallization of glycolic acid as such, or conventionally obtained from the glyoolate, is thus carried out by a prior acidification step using a cation exchange resin, a bipolar electrodialysis or by addition of sulphuric acid, as follows:
- cristallisation en. une étape, telle que par exemple décrite dans les demandes de brevet WO 2003/06- 366 ou WO 2006/064611, qui permet l'obtention d'acide glycoiique de haute pureté, mais à faible rendement, - crystallization in. a step, such as for example described in the patent applications WO 2003 / 06-366 or WO 2006/064611, which makes it possible to obtain glycolic acid of high purity, but with low yield,
- cristallisation en série dite « multi~boucl.es », telle que décrite dans la demande de brevet US 2008/0091047, qui résout la récupération d'un acide glycoiique de haute pureté avec un rendemen satisfaisant mais par de complexes et lourdes étapes de cristallisation muiti'-étagee . - Series crystallization called "multi ~ loop", as described in the patent application US 2008/0091047, which solves the recovery of a high purity glycolic acid with a satisfactory performance but complex and heavy steps of multi-stage crystallization.
Pour la préparation d'un acide glycoiique partiellement purifié, il peut être envisagé de mettre en œuvre des étapes de cristallisation moins complexes. For the preparation of a partially purified glycolic acid, it may be envisaged to implement less complex crystallization steps.
Cependant, même simplifiée, cette méthode est loin d'être considérée comme une méthode de choix. However, even simplified, this method is far from being considered a method of choice.
En effet, par principe, comme la solubilité de l'acide glycoiique en solution dans l'eau est très élevée, un rendement
élevé de cristallisation ne sf obtient que si la température est abaissée à au moins 10 °C en deçà du point de congélation du cristal . Indeed, in principle, as the solubility of glycolic acid in solution in water is very high, a yield of high of crystallization s f obtained if the temperature is lowered to at least 10 ° C below the freezing point of the crystal.
Ce qui nécessite. la mise en œuvre de systèmes de ré rigération à grande échelle, incompatibles avec un procédé industriellement rentable . Which requires. the implementation of large-scale control systems that are incompatible with an industrially profitable process.
Par ailleurs, la récupération des cristaux implique des systèmes de séparation solide/liquide à également grande échelle; telle la cent if geuse. In addition, the recovery of crystals involves solid / liquid separation systems on a large scale; such as the centur.
De tout ce qui précède, il en résulte qu'aucune des étapes unitaires de cristallisation ou de distillation n'est réellement satisfaisante, chaque étape conservant, les limitations qui lui est propre, From all the foregoing, it follows that none of the unitary stages of crystallization or distillation is really satisfactory, each stage retaining the limitations peculiar to it,
II en résulte également qu' il demeure un besoin non satisfait de disposer d'un procédé efficace et économiquement viable de purification même partielle d' acide glycolique. It also follows that there remains an unmet need for an efficient and economically viable process for the partial purification of glycolic acid.
La société Demanderesse a trouvé que ce besoin pouvait être satisfait, contre toute attente, par la mise en œuvre d'une étape principale de distillation de l'acide glycolique libre, en présence d'eau, dans des conditions particulières. The applicant company has found that this need could be satisfied, against all odds, by the implementation of a main stage of distillation of free glycolic acid, in the presence of water, under particular conditions.
Comme énoncé ci-avant, le niveau de pureté de l'acide glycolique ainsi purifié est déterminé par la mesure d'un indice coiorimétrique (indice de coloration HAZEN ou APHA} qui traduit la stabilité thermique de lfacid.e glycolique produit. As stated above, the level of purity of the thus purified glycolic acid is determined by measuring a colorimetric index (color index APHA} HAZEN or reflecting the heat stability of the glycolic f acid.e product.
Cette mesure coiorimétrique est réalisée à 1/ aide d'un spectrocoiorimètre balayant des longueurs d'onde du domaine visible de 380nm à 78 Grau, et est exprimée en unité APHA„ This bioimetric measurement is carried out with the aid of a spectrocoiorimeter scanning wavelengths of the visible range from 380 nm to 78 μm, and is expressed in APHA unit.
Le protocole de mesure est le suivant : The measurement protocol is as follows:
- Concentrer la solution d'acide glycolique à 70% de matière sèche , - Concentrate the glycolic acid solution at 70% dry matter,
- Conditionner 10 g dans un tube a hydrolyse bouché , --- Placer le tube à i'ètuve 2 heures à 180°C. - Condition 10 g in a clogged hydrolysis tube. - Place the tube in the oven for 2 hours at 180 ° C.
Laisser le tube se refroidir a température ambiante puis mesurer la coloration APHA à l'aide du spectrocoiorimètre, Allow the tube to cool to room temperature then measure the APHA staining using the spectrochemometer,
3::e procédé selon l'invention de préparation d'un acide glycolique d'origine ermentaire , présentant une qualité
coior imétr i que comprise entre 300 et 1000 ΑΡΗΆ, comprend les étapes suivantes : 3 :: e method according to the invention for preparing a glycolic acid of ermentary origin, having a quality between 300 and 1000 ΑΡΗΆ comprises the following steps:
1} clarifier le milieu de fermentation contenant les glycol ates , 1} to clarify the fermentation medium containing the glycol ates,
S 2) convertir les glycoiates en acide glycolique, de manière à obtenir une solution d'acide glycolique libre, S 2) convert glycoiates to glycolic acid, so as to obtain a solution of free glycolic acid,
3) cvc ' : coc: i éliminer en tout ou partie les impuretés organiques et/ou .minérales solubles à l'aide d'une technologie séparative choisie dans le groupe constitué des résines Î0 an ionique s faibles et du charbon actiff prises seules ou en. comb ίnaison , 3) cvc ': coc: i eliminate totally or partially the organic impurities and / or soluble .minérales using a separation technology selected from the group consisting of ionic resins Î0 year s low and activated carbon f taken alone or in. comb ίnaison,
4} distiller la solution d'acide glycolique libre, préalablement concentrée à. une matière sèche de plus de 60 % en poids sec, de préférence compris entre 60 et 30 % en poids sec, 15 à l'aide d'une technologie de distillation, permettant un temps de séjour très court, inférieure a 5 min, de préférence compris entre 0 et 2 minutes, et. 4} distil the free glycolic acid solution, previously concentrated to. a dry matter of more than 60% by dry weight, preferably between 60 and 30% by dry weight, with the aid of a distillation technology, allowing a very short residence time, less than 5 min, of preferably between 0 and 2 minutes, and.
5} récupérer l'acide glycolique ainsi distillé. 5} recover the glycolic acid thus distilled.
La première étape de ce procédé conforme à i' invention 0 consiste à clarifier le milieu de ferm.entat.ion contenant les glycoiates, de manière à obtenir une solution de glycoiates essentiellemen débarrassée de ses impuretés organiques insolubles , The first step of this process according to the invention consists in clarifying the fermentation medium containing the glycolytes so as to obtain a solution of glycoyates essentially free of its insoluble organic impurities.
Le milieu de ferraentation peut provenir de toute 5 fermentation produisant des glycoiates, notamment de cultures bactériennes, par exemple E, coli. Comme il serai exernpiifié ci- après, selon un mode de réalisation préféré, le microo ganisme producteur d'acide glycolique choisi est une souche b'' obch;.: ; ; oh : a Coli recombinante telle que décr ite dans les0 documents WO 2007/140.816 et WO 2007 /1 1.316, souche de génotype : G165 AaceE àgcl Agi oDEFG.3 Aa ion Aio R àpg.i. : : Cm Aed - eda : : Cm ΔudhA : : Cm ( pME 101■--ycdW ) . The ferraentation medium may be from any fermentation producing glycoiates, especially bacterial cultures, for example E. coli. As will exernpiifié below, according to a preferred embodiment, the producer Microo ganisme glycolic acid chosen is a strain b '' obch;:.; ; A recombinant E. coli as described in WO 2007 / 140,816 and WO 2007/13166, genotype strain: G165 AaceE togcl Agi oDEFG.3 Aa ion Aio R to PG.i. :: Cm Aed - eda :: Cm ΔudhA :: Cm (pME 101 ■ --ycdW).
La clarification du milieu de fermentation s'entend de l'élimination des n impuretés organiques insolubles », i.e. la5 biomasse, les protéines insolubles résiduelles et les particules insolubles. La solution clarifiée est typiquement une solution limpide .
Cette élimina ion des impuretés organ ues insolubles est réalisée par route méthode connue en tant qae telle par l'Homme du. métier, méthode choisie par exemple dans ie groupe constitué de la mlcrofi i c ration , la centrifugalion et la fi lt. ration sur tambour rotatif . Clarification of the fermentation medium refers to the removal of insoluble organic impurities, ie biomass, residual insoluble proteins and insoluble particles. The clarified solution is typically a clear solution. This removal of insoluble organic impurities is carried out by a method known as such by humans. This is the method chosen, for example, in the group consisting of centrifugation, centrifugation and thread. ration on rotating drum.
La deuxième étape du procédé conforme à l'invention consiste a convertir les glycoiates en acide glycolique, de manière à obtenir une solution d'acide glycolique libre. The second step of the process according to the invention consists in converting the glycolytes into glycolic acid, so as to obtain a free glycolic acid solution.
Cette étape d'acidification est réalisée par toute méthode connue en tant que telle par j ' i-ioaime du métier, méthode choisie par exemple dans le groupe constitué de la électrodiaiyse sur membranes bipol ires, des résines échangeuses dé ions ou de l'ajout d'acide fort, This acidification step is carried out by any method known per se as known in the art, a method chosen, for example, from the group consisting of bipolar electrolytes on bipolar membranes, ion exchange resins or the addition of strong acid,
Sn préambule de cette deuxième étape, si I f électrodiaiyse bipolaire est choisie ira membrane bipolaire assurant la dissociation de l'eau en proton et ion hydroxyie), la société Demanoeresse recommande d'éliminer les cations divaienat {notamment les ions Mg ' et a"; résiduels susceptibles de dégrader les membranes de 11 élect odialyseur bipolaire mis en œuvre Sn preamble of this second stage, if I f bipolar électrodiaiyse is selected will bipolar membrane ensuring the proton dissociation in water and hydroxyl ion), the Demanoeresse company recommends removing divaienat {cations including Mg ions and " Residuals likely to degrade the membranes of 11 elect bipolar odialyser implemented
Cette étape préliminaire peut être réalisée par passage de la solution de glycoiates a travers une résine échangeuse de cations faible en présence d'un agent chèiataat de type arainophosphor ique ou 0 ; eco- · que de manière a complexer les cations drvaients. This preliminary step can be carried out by passing the glycolytic solution through a weak cation exchange resin in the presence of a chemophosphoric acid donor or O; eco- in order to complex the cations drvaients.
En regard de l'efficacité de cette étape à' électrodiaiyse bipolaire, et afin d'augmenter les rendements de conversion des ions glycoiates en acide glycolique libre, il peut être proposé de compléter cette deuxième étape du procédé conforme a l'invention par un traitement sur résine échengease de cations forte. Cette étape optionnelle complémentaire peut ainsi permettre la conversion des 5 à 20 % des glycoiates résiduels. In view of the efficacy of this step with bipolar electrodialysis, and in order to increase the conversion efficiencies of the glycolytic ions into free glycolic acid, it may be proposed to complete this second step of the process according to the invention by a treatment. on strong cation resin echengease. This optional additional step can thus allow the conversion of 5 to 20% residual glycoiates.
La société Demanderesse recommande alors d'utiliser une résine échangeuse de cations forte de type DVB oorystyrénique avec groupes sulfoniques.
Comme il sera exempiifié ci---apres, la société Demanderesse converti 90 % des çlycoiates par éiectrodialyse bipolaire et les 10 % résiduels par traitement sur résine échangeuse de cations forte. The applicant company then recommends using a strong cation exchange resin of the oorsystyrene DVB type with sulfonic groups. As will be explained below, the Applicant Company converted 90% of the glycolates by bipolar electrodialysis and the remaining 10% by treatment with strong cation exchange resin.
La troisième étape du procédé conforme à l' invention consiste a éventuellement éliminer en tout ou partie les impuretés organiques et/ou minérales solubles à l'aide d'une technologie séparât ive choisie dans le groupe constitué des résines anionrques faibles et du charbon actif, prise seule ou en combinaison. The third step of the process according to the invention consists in optionally eliminating all or part of the soluble organic and / or mineral impurities using a separating technology selected from the group consisting of weak anionic resins and activated carbon, taken alone or in combination.
De manière avantageuse, la société Demanderesse recommande en effet après if étape de conversion totale des giycolates en acide glycolique libre de réaliser une étape d'élimination des impuretés minérales solubles tels les armons minéraux par passage sur une résine anionique faible ayant comme structure un squelette poiystyrénique (par exemple une résine Lewatic S4528 sous forme base libre} . Advantageously, the Applicant Company recommends effect after i f total conversion step of giycolates glycolic free acid to achieve a removal of soluble inorganic impurities such as minerals arming step by passing over a weak anionic resin having as a backbone structure Polystyrene (eg Lewatic S4528 resin in free base form).
Cette étape permet également 1 ' él iminati on en partie des impuretés organiques solubles tels des acides aminés. This step also allows the elimination of some of the soluble organic impurities such as amino acids.
En complément de ce traitement, il peut erre alors préconisé une étape de décoloration au charbon actif (par exemple a 5 % de matière sèche) , ayant pour effet de réduire considérablement, les teneurs en impuretés organiques? solubles (précurseurs de colorations et azote organique) . In addition to this treatment, it can then advocate a decolorization step activated carbon (for example 5% dry matter), having the effect of significantly reducing the levels of organic impurities? soluble (staining precursors and organic nitrogen).
Ce traitement permet d'améliorer la stabilité thermique de l'acide glycolique produit; comrae il sera exempiifié ci-après. This treatment makes it possible to improve the thermal stability of the glycolic acid produced; comrae it will be exempted hereinafter.
La quatrième étape du procédé conforme à l'invention consiste à di tiller la solution d'acide glycolique libre, préalablement concentrée à. une matière sèche de plus de 60 % en poids sec, de préférence compris entre 60 et 80 % en poids sec, a l'aide d'une technologie de distillation permettant un temps de séjour très court, inférieure a 5 min, de préférence compris entre 0 et 2 minutes. The fourth step of the process according to the invention consists in di tilling the free glycolic acid solution, previously concentrated to. a dry matter of more than 60% by dry weight, preferably between 60 and 80% by dry weight, with the aid of a distillation technology allowing a very short residence time, less than 5 min, preferably included between 0 and 2 minutes.
La société Demanderesse a ainsi montré de manière surprenante e inattendue qu'il était possible de purifier par distillation de l'acide glycolique libre en solution aqueuse (i.e. présentant encore jusqu'à 20 % d'eau, plus
particulièrement encore entre jusqu'à. 40 % d'eau) f sans risque de condensation, si l'on choisit une technologie permettant une distil lation de 1/ acide giycolique a haute température en un temps de séjour très court, inférieur à 5 min, de préférence S compris entre 0 et 2 min. The Applicant Company has thus unexpectedly and unexpectedly shown that it is possible to purify by distillation free glycolic acid in aqueous solution (ie still having up to 20% water, more especially still between up to. 40% water) f without risk of condensation, if one chooses a technology to a distil lation 1 / glycolic acid at high temperature in a very short residence time less than 5 min, preferably between 0 S and 2 min.
La société Demanderesse a. en effet aient ré que la réduction du tem s ci' expos i t ion de i' acide giycoiique à température élevée réduit avantageusement le phénomène de condensation. The Applicant Company a. Indeed, it has been found that the reduction of the exposure time of the high temperature hydrogenic acid advantageously reduces the condensation phenomenon.
La société [Demanderesse a également montré que concentrer [Applicant company has also shown that
10 la solution d'acide giycolique, par exemple à 70 % de matière sèche, permet, d'éviter la polymérisation de l'acide giycoiique tout en garantissant un rendement de récupération en acide giycoiique d'au moins 70 % et un abattement important de la coloration et de ses précurseurs. The solution of glycolic acid, for example 70% dry matter, makes it possible to prevent the polymerization of chemical acid while guaranteeing a recovery yield of glycolic acid of at least 70% and a significant reduction in coloring and its precursors.
Î5 Grâce à cette conduite particulière de l'étape de distillation, il n'est donc plus nécessaire, comme il est enseigné généralement dans l'état de la technique, de distiller un acide giycoiique de très haute matière sèche (i.e. de l'ordre de 99,5 % en poids sec) . Thanks to this particular conduct of the distillation step, it is therefore no longer necessary, as is generally taught in the state of the art, to distill a glycolic acid of very high dry matter (ie 99.5% by dry weight).
0 Un temps de séjour de 0 à 2 mm englobe un temps de séjour de moins 1 seconde (sî f de 1 à 2 s. de 2 s a 10 s, de 10 s à 30 s, de 30 s à 1 min, de 1 min à 1,5 min et de 1,5 min a 2 min, une solution d'acide giycoiique libre concentrée a une matière sèche entre 60 et 80 % en poids englobe une solution 5 d'acide giycoiique libre concentrée à une matière sèche entre 60 et 65 % en poids, entre 65% et 70% en poids, entre 70% et 75% en. poids et entre 75% et 80% en poids. 0 A residence time of 0-2 mm encompasses a residence time of 1 second (if f 1 to 2 s. 2 its 10 s, 10 s to 30 s, 30 s to 1 min, 1 At 1.5 min and 1.5 min to 2 min, a concentrated free acid solution of 60 to 80 wt.% solids content comprises a solution of free acidic acid concentrated to a dry matter between 60 and 65% by weight, 65% to 70% by weight, 70% to 75% by weight and 75% to 80% by weight.
Au sens de la présente invention, une solution d'acide giycoiique concentrée à une matière sèche de 60% en poids0 correspond à une solution comprenant. <'h0% en poids d'eau et. 60% en poids de matière sèche, ladite matière sèche correspondant au. résidu obtenu après élimination totale de l'eau de ladite solution et les pourcentages étant exprimés par rapport, au poids total de la solution, For the purposes of the present invention, a 60% by weight solids-containing acidic acid solution corresponds to a solution comprising: <0 h0% by weight of water and. 60% by weight of dry matter, said dry matter corresponding to. residue obtained after total elimination of water from said solution and the percentages being expressed relative to the total weight of the solution,
5 Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, l'étape de distillation de la solution d'acide giycoiique libre est effectuée sous pression réduite. La pression de distillation est
généraiem.ent comprise entre envi on 1 mbar et environ 50 rdoar, de préférence entre 20 bar et 40 mbar. Typigaemeiit , la distill tion est effectuée à ane pression recuite de 3u r o raBar. Néanmoins, selon le dispositif de distillation utilisé, il est possible d'effectuer cette étape de distillation à ne pression inférieure à 1 mbar, voire jusqu'à 10" J mbar. In a particular embodiment, the step of distilling the free acidic acid solution is carried out under reduced pressure. The distillation pressure is typically between about 1 mbar and about 50 mbar, preferably between 20 bar and 40 mbar. Typically, the distillation is carried out at an annealed pressure of 3 bar. However, according to the distillation device used, it is possible to perform this distillation step at pressure below 1 mbar, even up to 10 "J mbar.
La température de distillation dépend, entre ancres,- de la pression établie dans le distillateur. The distillation temperature depends, between anchors, of the pressure established in the distiller.
A titre d/ exemple, pour une pression. df environ 30 mbar, la température de distillation peut être d'environ I Q°C, For example, for a pressure. f of about 30 mbar, the distillation temperature may be from about IQ ° C,
Dans le cadre de la présente invention, la température de distillation est généralement comprise entre 120"C et 190°C. de préférence, de 130°C à 190°C. In the context of the present invention, the distillation temperature is generally from 120 ° C. to 190 ° C., preferably from 130 ° C. to 190 ° C.
Une température de distillation de 13GCC à 1S0°C englobe un température de distillation de 130':'C a 140'C, de 140°C à 150t:C, de 150° C à 16G°C, de 160°C à 170°C, et de 170°C à 180CC,A distillation temperature of 13G C C 1S0 ° C comprises a distillation temperature of 130 ':' C to 140 'C, 140 ° C to 150 t: C, 150 ° C to 16G ° C, 160 ° C to 170 ° C and 170 ° C to 180 C C,
En particulier, la température de distillation peut être comprise entre 130°C et 150°C. Elle est typiquement de 14015°C. In particular, the distillation temperature can be between 130 ° C and 150 ° C. It is typically 14015 ° C.
La société Demanderesse recomm nde de mettre en œuvre une distillation continue en film, mince, flot tombant ou film raclé (technologie appelée « short path » par les angle- saxons ) , de préférence une distillation continue en film raclé comme il sera exemplifië ci-après. Ces technoiogj.es de distillation comprennent l'étalement de la solution d'acide giycolique libre en. un film mince sur ane paroi chaude de la chambre distillation et sous pression réduite. Dans ces conditions, l'acide giycolique est progressivement vaporisé. Le distillât d'acide giycolique est. récupéré par condensation au contact d'une surface froide (condenseur) . Selon la technologie utilisée, le condenseur peut être placé au centre de la chambre de distillation ou a l'extérieur de la chambre de distillation. Les distillateurs utilisés pour la mise en œuvre de ces techniques comprennent généralement une chambre de distillation tabulaire verticale, ibentrée d'alimentation se trouve au sommet de la chambre de distillation. La. chambre de distillation peut être munie d'un rotor à pales ou d'un racleur tournant, qui permet l'étaie enr continu en film de la solution à distiller.
Pour la. mise en œuvre de .1' étape de distillat on, l'homme du métier pourra utiliser ifun quelconque des dispositifs disponibles dans le commerce, en particulier les évaporateurs à film raclé (vd.ped film) avec condenseur ezterne ou les évaporateurs <<■ short path. » avec condenseur interne c'est-à-dire disposé à l'intérieur de la chambre de distillation. De tels distillateurs sont ; : .,oco ■: ici : ...es , entre autres, par la société VTA (MAX STFElCHER GmbH & Co. KG aA} , The Applicant Company recommends the use of a continuous distillation of film, thin film, falling film or scraped film (technology called "short path" by angle-saxons), preferably a continuous distillation of scraped film as will be exemplified above. after. These distillation techniques include the spreading of the free glyceric acid solution. a thin film on a hot wall of the chamber distillation and under reduced pressure. Under these conditions, the glycolic acid is gradually vaporized. The distillate of glycolic acid is. recovered by condensation in contact with a cold surface (condenser). Depending on the technology used, the condenser may be placed in the center of the distillation chamber or outside the distillation chamber. The distillers used for the implementation of these techniques generally comprise a vertical tabular distillation chamber, the feed inlet is at the top of the distillation chamber. The distillation chamber may be provided with a rotor with blades or with a rotary scraper, which allows the continuous continuous filming of the solution to be distilled. For the. implementation of .1 one distillate step, those skilled in the art may use i f any of the devices commercially available, in particular evaporators scraped film (vd.ped film) with ezterne condenser or evaporator << ■ short path. With internal condenser, that is to say placed inside the distillation chamber. Such distillers are; :., oco ■: here: ... es, among others, by VTA (MAX STFEIERS GmbH & Co. KG aA),
Dans certains modes de réalisation du procédé selon l'invention, l' étape de distillation de la solution d'acide glycolique libre préalablement concentrée à une matière sèche comprise encre 60% et 80% est réalisée par distillation continue en film mince, flot tombant ou film raclé en présence d'une température de distillation comprise entre 130°C et IdO'^C et d'une pression entre 20 bar et 40 bar. la solution d'acide glycolique avant son entrée dans le distillateur est généralement à température ambiante, typiquement de 1.5';C à 30"C (température dé alimentation) . In some embodiments of the process according to the invention, the step of distilling the free glycolic acid solution previously concentrated to a dry matter content of between 60% and 80% is carried out by continuous thin-film distillation, falling stream or wiped film in the presence of a distillation temperature of between 130 ° C and IoT ^ C and a pressure between 20 bar and 40 bar. the glycolic acid solution before entering the distiller is generally at room temperature, typically 1.5 '; C at 30 ° C (feed temperature).
La cinquième étape du procédé conforme à l'invention consiste enfin à récupérer l'acide glycolique ainsi distillé. The fifth step of the process according to the invention finally consists in recovering the glycolic acid thus distilled.
Le procédé selon l'invention peut comprendre une ou plusieurs étapes supplémentaires à celles précédemment décrites. En particulier, le procédé selon la présente invention peut comprendre une étape préliminaire (c'est-à-dire une étape précédant l'étape 1) de clarifica ion; comprenant la fourniture d'un, milieu de fermentation comprenant des giycoiates. Ce milieu est de préférence un milieu de fermentation d'un microor ganisme capable de produire de l'acide glycolique ou l'un, de ses sels par ferm.entatl.on, de préférence, à partir du glucose. The method according to the invention may comprise one or more steps additional to those previously described. In particular, the method according to the present invention may comprise a preliminary step (i.e. a step prior to step 1) of clarifying; comprising providing a fermentation medium comprising glycomers. This medium is preferably a fermentation medium of a microorganism capable of producing glycolic acid or one of its salts by fermentation, preferably from glucose.
La présente invention a également pour objet un acide glycolique d'origine fermentaire pouvant être obtenu, ou obtenu, par le procédé de préparation selon l'invention. The subject of the present invention is also a glycolic acid of fermentative origin which can be obtained or obtained by the preparation process according to the invention.
Cet acide glycolique d'origine fermentaire esc caractérisé en ce qu' il présente un indice calorimétrique allant de 300 à 1000 APHA, On indice colorimétrique allant de 300 a 1000 APBA englobe un indice colorimétrique de 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 et 1000 APhA, Ou fait de son. origine fermentaire,
l'acide glycoiique selon lf .invention peut comenir oies impuretés organiques en une quantité d'au plus 10% en poids sec. This glycolic acid of fermentative origin is characterized in that it has a calorimetric index ranging from 300 to 1000 APHA. A colorimetric index ranging from 300 to 1000 APBA comprises a colorimetric index of 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800. , 900 and 1000 APhA, or made of sound. fermentary origin, the glycolic acid according to f .The invention can comenir geese organic impurities in an amount of at most 10% by dry weight.
De préférence, l'acide glycoiique présente au plus 5%, voire au plus 2% en poids sec d'impuretés organiques. L'acide glycoiique présente généralement de 0,3% à 2% en poids d' impuretés . Preferably, the glycolic acid has not more than 5% or even more than 2% by dry weight of organic impurities. The glycolic acid generally has from 0.3% to 2% by weight of impurities.
Ces impur tés organiques provien ent du procédé de fermentation utilisé préalablemen au procédé de préparation selon l'invention. Ces impuretés correspondent essentiellement a des acides organiques et sont choisies pariai le groupe constitué de l'acide citrique, l'acide lactique, l'acide succiniqae, l'acide acétique, l'acide fornique et leurs mélanges. These organic impurities come from the fermentation process used prior to the preparation process according to the invention. These impurities essentially correspond to organic acids and are selected from the group consisting of citric acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, fornicic acid and mixtures thereof.
Dans certains modes de réalisation, l'acide glycoiique d'origine fermentaire selon l'invention coxmprend, en tant qu ' im uretés : In some embodiments, the glycolic acid of fermentative origin according to the invention includes, as impurities:
- de 0,2% à 5%f de préférence de 0,2% à 1,5% d'acide lactique, et/ou - from 0.2% to 5% f preferably from 0.2% to 1.5% lactic acid, and / or
- de 0,01% à 3%, de préférence de 0,01% a 1% C a- : ao succinique, eu. ou from 0.01% to 3%, preferably from 0.01% to 1% C.sub.a-succinic, eu. or
- 0,01% à 4%, de préférence de 0,01% à 0,5% d'acide acétique, et/ou 0.01% to 4%, preferably 0.01% to 0.5% acetic acid, and / or
- 0,01% a 1%, de préférence de 0,01% à 0,5% d'acide formique, et /ou 0.01% to 1%, preferably 0.01% to 0.5% formic acid, and / or
au plus 1% de préférence au plus 0,02% d'acide citu: ique , at most 1%, preferably at most 0.02% of cituic acid,
les pourcentages étant ezpri.més en poids par rapport, au poids sec total. the percentages being calculated by weight relative to the total dry weight.
Dans un mode de réalisation particuiier, l'acide giycolique selon l' invention comprend les cinq types d' impuretés dans les proportions indiquées ci -dessus. In a particular embodiment, the glycolic acid according to the invention comprises the five types of impurities in the proportions indicated above.
L'acide glycoiique d'origine fermentai re selon l'invention présente un indice color.i.mét ique et un degré de pureté qui le rend adapté à des utilisations dans les industries cosraétiques , alimentaires, textile et du bâtiment. En particuiier, l'acide glycoiique selon l'invention peut être utilisé en tant qu'agent de d squamation de la eau, agent de teinture et de tannage.
agent de conservation, agent nettoyant, et additif pour encre et peint are . The glycolic acid of fermentative origin according to the invention has a color index and a degree of purity which makes it suitable for uses in cosraetic, food, textile and building industries. In particular, the glycolic acid according to the invention can be used as a water scalding agent, dyeing and tanning agent. preservative, cleaning agent, and additive for ink and paint are.
ûrs objet supplémentaire selon l'invention est un procédé de préparation d/une composition comprenant de l' acide giycoiique d'origine fer encaire , .Ledit procédé de préparation comprenant les étapes consistant à : According to the invention, an additional object is a process for the preparation of a composition comprising glycolic acid of iron origin, said method of preparation comprising the steps of:
a) Fournir un acide giycoiique d'origine fer entaire obtenu selon le procédé de préparation ci-dessus décrit, et a) providing a glycolic acid of iron origin obtained according to the method of preparation described above, and
b) Obtenir la oomposi tien en utilisent l'acide g 1 yco1 i qae fourn i a l' tap a } , (b) Obtain the compound using the acid provided by the tap,
La composition finale peut être une composition pha maceutique, une composition cosmétique, d'une composition alimentaire ou une composition destinée à une utilisation industrielle. Il peut en particulier s'agir d'une coiûpositron de 'nettoyage d'installations industrielles, d'une composition de teinture, de peinture, d'encre ou de tannage ou encore ci' une composition destinée à une utilisation oans un procédé chimique. The final composition may be a pharmaceutical composition, a cosmetic composition, a food composition or a composition intended for industrial use. It may in particular be a coiûpositron of cleaning of industrial installations, of a dye composition, paint, ink or tanning or following a composition for use oans a chemical process.
Selon la compositio désirée, l'étape b} peut comprendre le mélange de l'acide giycoiique obtenu à l'étape aï avec un. ou plusieurs solvants ou composés. Depending on the desired composition, step b) may comprise mixing the glycemic acid obtained in step a with one. or more solvents or compounds.
Pour l'obtention d'une composition cosmétique, l'acide giycoiique d'origine fermentaire peut être mélangé avec un ou plusieurs excipients acceptables sur un plan cosmétique et éventuellement avec un ou plusieurs ingrédients actifs additionne 1 s , To obtain a cosmetic composition, the fermentative acidic acid can be mixed with one or more cosmetically acceptable excipients and optionally with one or more active ingredients added,
De même pour l'obtention d'une composition de peinture, l'acide giycoiique selon l'invention peut être mélange avec, entre autres, une charge, un diluant et un pigment. Similarly for obtaining a paint composition, the acidic acid according to the invention can be mixed with, inter alia, a filler, a diluent and a pigment.
Pour l'obtention d'une composition de lavage, l'acide giycoiique peut être mis en solution:, par exemple, avec un solvant, de préférence de l'eau, de manière à obtenir une solution concentrée d'acide giycoiique présentant de 60% à 30% en poids, de préférence environ 70% en poids d'acide giycoiique. Cette composition peut comprendre d'autres agents de nettoyage.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à ia lecture des exemples non limitatifs décrits ci.-dessous , To obtain a washing composition, the acidic acid can be dissolved in, for example, with a solvent, preferably water, so as to obtain a concentrated solution of glycolic acid having 60% strength. % to 30% by weight, preferably about 70% by weight of glycolic acid. This composition may include other cleaning agents. Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the nonlimiting examples described below,
Présentation des Méthoâ&s âfanalyses Presentation of Méthoâ & f s â analyzes
Masu e de la coloration. HÂSEN Masu e of the coloring. Hasen
La mesure de la coloration HAZ N s'effectue directement, sur un apectrocolorimètre LICO 200 (DR LAiSiGK; ) . HAZ N staining is measured directly on a LICO 200 apectrocolorimeter (DR LAiSiGK;).
La coloration d'une solution d'acide giycolique à 70 % après test thennique f est mesurée en utilisant des cu es plastiques à usage unique de 10 mm e lue directement. Staining of a glycolic acid solution 70% after test thennique f is measured using cu es plastic disposable 10 mm e read directly.
L'indice de coloration HAZEN ou APilA sert à l'évaluation de ia couleur de produits presque incolores. Dans le domaine jaune clair elle est plus sélective que l'échelle de coloration à l'iode par exemple, et permet de déceler une pointe de couleur dans un liquide presque incolore. The HAZEN or APilA staining index is used to evaluate the color of almost colorless products. In the light yellow field it is more selective than the iodine color scale, for example, and allows to detect a point of color in an almost colorless liquid.
Dans ia gamme de coloration 200 à 1000 Ά.ΡΗΑ, on utilise des cuvettes rectangulaires de 10 mm ; pour des colorations inférieures a 200 APHA on utilise Oes cuvettes de 50 mm. In the color range 200 to 1000 ° C, rectangular dishes of 10 mm are used; for colorings below 200 APHA 50 mm cuvettes are used.
Dosage des cations Dosing of cations
Les cations sont, mesurés par spectrométrle d'émission atomique utilisant, une détection à plasma. The cations are, measured by atomic emission spectrometry using a plasma detection.
Dosage des anions Anion dosage
Les anions tels que le surface, le chlore et. le phosphate sont séparés sur une colonne écnangeuse d' anions, type Di.on.er AS11--HC1 chauffée à 36°C. La détection s'effectue à l'aide d'un conductimètre , L' éluant voit sa concentration en NaOR augmenter progressivement. L'acide tri fluoroacétique est utilisé comme standard interne. Anions such as surface, chlorine and. the phosphate are separated on a column of anions, type Di.on.er AS11 - HCl heated to 36 ° C. The detection is carried out using a conductimeter, the eluent sees its NaOR concentration increase gradually. Trifluoroacetic acid is used as an internal standard.
Dosage des acides organiques Dosage of organic acids
Les acides organiques sont séparés par chroma ographie d'échange dl ions ; 3 colonnes de type Biorad HPX-87H en série, chauffées à 85 C et avec détection UV à 210 nm. The organic acids are separated by ion exchange chromatography; 3 columns of type Biorad HPX-87H in series, heated to 85 C and with UV detection at 210 nm.
L' éluant est l'acide su.ifuri.que à 5 m . L'analyse quantitative est effectuée par calihration externe . Les acides pyruvique, malique, fu arique, lactique, formique et acétique sont utilisés comme standards. The eluent is su.fifuric acid at 5 m. Quantitative analysis is performed by external calihration. Pyruvic, malic, fluoric, lactic, formic and acetic acids are used as standards.
Dosaae des sucres
Le dosage du glucose et du fructose est effectué à partir de solutions préparées suivant le protocole du coffret << glucose, fructose» R-tBiopharm référence 10139106035. Dosaae of sugars The determination of glucose and fructose is carried out from solutions prepared according to the protocol of the "glucose, fructose" kit R-tBiopharm reference 10139106035.
Les teneurs en glucose dosées par cette méthode doivent être inférieures à 1 g/1 de même pour les teneurs en fructose, les quantités en glucose ÷ fructose doivent être inférieures à. Ig/i. The glucose content assayed by this method must be less than 1 g / 1. Similarly, for fructose contents, the amounts of glucose ÷ fructose must be less than. Ig / i.
Dosage des sucres totaux Determination of total sugars
Le dosage du glucose total est réalisé par hydrolyse chlorhydr ique .. The total glucose assay is performed by chlorhydric hydrolysis.
Cette méthode permet de quantifier le glucose total contenu dans un échantillon : This method makes it possible to quantify the total glucose contained in a sample:
- Hydrolyse acide de l'' échantillon par l'acide chlorhydri que 1 heure à 100°Cf - Acid hydrolysis of the sample by acid chlorhydri 1 hour at 100 ° C f
- ne t railsat ionf - Does not railsat ion f
dosage par 1/hexokinase du glucose libéré par if hydrolyse acide. assay 1 / hexokinase glucose released by acid hydrolysis f i.
Exemple 1. Préparation, d/ un acide giycolique présentant, un indice calorimétrique de 900 ΆΡΗΆ Example 1 Preparation of a glycolic acid having a calorimetric index of 900 ΆΡΗΆ
L'acide glycolique est produit par fermentation du glucose par la souche MG165 àaceB AgcJ AgicDEFGB Aa Mo AicJR Apgi: -. ÎÎX àedd-eda :■; Cm AudhAiiCm {pMEl 01- e W) citée plus haut (cf. les demandes de brevet internationales WO 2007/ 140.816 et. WO 2007/1^1.316) . The glycolic acid is produced by fermentation of glucose by the MG165 strain Agace AgCDEAgb Aa MB AicJR Apgi: -. ÎÎX àedd-eda: ■ ; Cm AudhAiiCm {pMEl 01-e W) cited above (see International Patent Applications WO 2007 / 140,816 and WO 2007 / 1,1,316).
On iroût de fermentation, obtenu selon le protocole décrit dans les demandes de brevet internationales ci-avant est purifié selon les 3 étapes principales selon l'invention : Fermentation step, obtained according to the protocol described in the above international patent applications is purified according to the 3 main steps of the invention:
Elimination de la biomasse et des insolubles - .Acidification Elimination of biomass and insolubles - .Acidification
Distillation Distillation
La biomasse et les insolubles sont éliminés par icrofiltration tangentieiie ayant un seuil de coupure de 0,1 μτη.. Biomass and insolubles are eliminated by microbiological filtration with a cut-off of 0.1 μτ η.
Le perméat ainsi obtenu est limpide et de composition présentée dans le tableau I .
Tableau 1 : Composition du moût de fermentation The permeate thus obtained is clear and of composition presented in Table I. Table 1: Composition of the fermentation must
La solution ainsi obtenue est traitée sur résine chélatante (Rohm fi Haas IRC 747) à un débit de 2 BV/h afin d'éliminer les cations divalents qui détérioreraient les méat:>rane s b ipo1a ires . The solution thus obtained is treated with a chelating resin (Rohm fi Haas IRC 747) at a rate of 2 BV / hr in order to eliminate the divalent cations which would deteriorate the meateal chains.
Le moût de fermentation est alors acidifié à 90% par èiectrodiaiyse bipolaire (EUR6 5f55m2 dJ SURODIA®) puis les 10 % de cations résiduels sont éliminés par passage sur résine cat ionique forte à squelette styrénique (PUROLIîE® ClSOli) à un débit de 2 BV/h -The fermentation broth is then acidified with 90% by bipolar èiectrodiaiyse (EUR6 5 f 55m 2 d J SURODIA ®) and 10% of residual cations are removed by passage over a strong ionic cat resin styrenic backbone (PUROLIîE ® ClSOli) a flow rate of 2 BV / h -
La solution acidifiée présente la composition donnée dans le tafol eau 2 ,
The acidified solution has the composition given in taff water 2,
Tableau 2 : Composition de la solution acidifiée Table 2: Composition of the acidified solution
Cette iîolation est ensuite concentrée a 70% de MS avant dfétre distillée sur évaporât e r. Short-Patb (VTA 0 f 045m2 ) dans les conditions suivantes : alimentation à Tp ambiante, débit 450 g/h, Tp évaporateur I40"C et 30mBar» This iîolation is then concentrated to 70% DM before f be distilled to evaporate e r. Short-Patb (VTA 0 f 045m 2 ) under the following conditions: supply at ambient Tp, flow rate 450 g / h, Tp evaporator I40 "C and 30mBar"
Le rendement de récupération de l'acide crlycolique est de The recovery yield of the crlycolic acid is
70 %, 70%,
Tableau 3. Composition du distillât Table 3. Composition of distillate
Le procédé conforme à f invention permet une amélior ation importante de la stabilité thermique de l'acide giycoiique produit .
De plus, le temps de séjour court imposé par la technologie de distillation « short path autorisant la présence d'eau dans la matière première permet d'obtenir un distill t avec une teneur très faible en oligornères ;2% de dimères) , The process according to invention allows a significant f impr ation of the thermal stability of the giycoiique acid product. In addition, the time j sé our short imposed by distillation technology "short path allowing the presence of water in the raw material allows to obtain a distilled t with a very low content of oligomers; 2% dimers),
Enfin, l'acide çiycoiique est de pureté satisfaisante pour des applications industrielles (les principales impuretés sont des acides organiques non gênant pour le nettoyage industriel par exemple) . Finally, organic acid is of satisfactory purity for industrial applications (the main impurities are organic acids which are not troublesome for industrial cleaning, for example).
Exemple 2. Préparation d' n acide giycoiique présentant une qualité colorisiétrique de 700 APH& Example 2. Preparation of a glycolic acid having a colorisetric quality of 700 APH &
Le moût de fermentation est acidifié comme décrit dans i ' exemple 1. The fermentation must is acidified as described in Example 1.
II est ensuite passé sur résine anionique faible à squelette styrénique ÎLe atrt'* S4528 sous forme base libre) . It is then passed over weak anionic resin in styrenic backbone Ile ATRT * S4528 as free base).
La composition du milieu en sortie de résine anionique est présentée dans le tableau 4 suivant. Tableau 4 : Composition de la solution acidifiée traitée sur résine anionique The composition of the medium at the anionic resin outlet is shown in Table 4 below. Table 4: Composition of the acidified solution treated with anionic resin
Cette solution est ensuite concentrée à 70% de MS avant d'être distillée sur évaporateur Sbort-Fath (VTA 0 f 0 - 5m 2 ) dans
les conditions suivantes : alimentation a Tp ambiante, débit 450 g/h, Tp évaporateur 140°C et 30mBar, This solution is then concentrated to 70% of MS before being distilled on a Sbort-Fath evaporator (VTA 0 f 0 - 5m 2 ) in the following conditions: supply at ambient Tp, flow 450 g / h, Tp evaporator 140 ° C and 30mBar,
Le .rendement de récupération de l'acide gi ycolique oc t de 70 % et la stabilité thermique du distillât est améliorée comme le montre le tableau 5, The recovery yield of gicolic acid is 70% and the thermal stability of the distillate is improved as shown in Table 5,
Tableau 5 : Composition, du distillât. Table 5: Composition, distillate.
11 ajout ol une étape d'élimination des asions sur résine a permis de retenir également des précurseurs de coloration. La qualité du distillât est ainsi, améliorée Adding a step of removing asions on resin has also retained staining precursors. The quality of the distillate is thus improved
Exemple 3, Préparation d'un acide glycolique présentant une qualité colorixaétrique de 400 ÂPHA Example 3 Preparation of a glycolic acid having a colorixetric quality of 400 APAH
Le mont de fermenta ri on est clari ié, acidifié et déminéralisé dans les conditions décrites dans les exemples 1 et. 2. The fermentation mixture is clarified, acidified and demineralized under the conditions described in Examples 1 and 4. 2.
One étape de décoloration avec 5% (poids/poids sec! de charbon actif parti cura i re (Norit S>d ; est réalisée afin d' éliminer davantage d' impuretés organiques solabi.es et de précurseurs de coloration. One decolorization step with 5% (w / w dry) activated carbon (Norit S> d) is carried out in order to remove more solubilized organic impurities and staining precursors.
Le temps de contact est de Ih à température ambiante, puis e charbon ac if est filtré. The contact time is 1 h at room temperature, then the activated carbon is filtered.
La composition du filtrat est. présentée dans le tableau 6.
Tableau 6 : Composition de la solution déminéralisée traitée sur charbon actif The composition of the filtrate is. presented in Table 6. Table 6: Composition of the demineralized solution treated with activated carbon
Cette soluiion est ensuite concentrée à 70% de MS avant d'être distillée sur évaporaiear Sftor t- Path (Vïc 0pû ¾c) dans les conditions suivantes : alimentation a Tp asbia te, débit. 450 g/h? Tp évaporateur 140:,C et 30 sBa;: , This soluiion is then concentrated to 70% of MS before being distilled on evaporator Sftor t-Path (Vïc 0pû ¾c) under the following conditions: feeding au Tp asbia te, flow. 450 g / h ? Tp evaporator 140: C and 30 SBA ;:,
te rendement de récupération de idacide giycoiiqce est de 70 % et ia stabilité thermique du distillât est améliorée comme l montre le tableau 7, the recovery yield of the acidic acid is 70% and the thermal stability of the distillate is improved as shown in Table 7,
Tableau 7 : Composition du distillât Table 7: Composition of distillate
Ces conditions opératoires pe metten dé améliorer considérablement, dans la limite que s' e imposée la société Deïtanderesse , ia stabilité thermique de acide giycoiique.
These operating conditions make it possible to considerably improve, within the limits imposed on the applicant company, the thermal stability of glycolic acid.
Claims
REVENDICATIONS
1 , Procédé de préparation d' un acide glycoiique d'origine fermeniuire, présentant une qual té eolori étr i que comprise entre 300 et Ιϋΰϋ ΆΡΗΑ. comprenant les étapes suivantes : 1, Process for the preparation of a glycolic acid of fermeniuire origin, having a color qual ity between 300 and Ιϋΰϋ ΆΡΗΑ. comprising the following steps:
1; clarifier le ;:· cou de fermentation contenant. les glycoiates de manière à obtenir une solution de glycoiates débarrassée de ses impuretés organiques insolubles, 1; clarify the: · containing neck of fermentation. glycoiates so as to obtain a solution of glycoiates freed of its insoluble organic impurities,
2} convertir les glycoiates en acide glycoiique; de manière à obtenir une solution d'acide glycoiique libre, 2) convert glycoiates into glycolic acid; in order to obtain a solution of free glycolic acid,
3) éventuel! emect: éliminer en tout ou pa.tt.ie les impureté organiques &;:/o .minérales soiubies à l'aide d'une technologie séparative choisie dans .i.e croupe constitue des résines anioniques faibles et du charbon actif ou noir granulaire, prises seules ou en combinaison, 3) possible! In general, the organic unsaturated organic impurities separated by a separation technology selected from the rump consist of weak anionic resins and granular activated or black carbon. alone or in combination,
4} distiller la solution. d'acide glycoiique libre, pré lablement concentrée à une matière sèche de lus de 60 % en poids sec, de préférence compris entre 60 et 80 ¾ en poids sec, à l'aide d'une technologie de distillation permettant un. temps de séjour très court, infér eur à 5 min, de préférence compris entre 0 et 2 minutes f et 4} Distil the solution. of free glycolic acid, preferably concentrated to a solids content of more than 60% by dry weight, preferably between 60 and 80% by dry weight, by means of a distillation technology which makes it possible. very short residence time, inferior to 5 min, preferably between 0 and 2 minutes f and
5; récupérer l'acide glycoiique ainsi distillé. 5; recover the glycolic acid thus distilled.
2 , Procédé selon la revendication lf caractérisé en. ce que l'étape 1} de clarification du milieu de fermentation est réalisée à l'aide d'une méthode choisie dans le groupe constitué de la microf iitration,. la cen.tr ifugat ion. et .la filtration sur tambour rotatif, 2, The method of claim l characterized in f. the fermentation medium clarification step 1) is carried out using a method selected from the group consisting of microfitration ,. centralization. and rotary drum filtration,
3, Procédé selon l'une ou l'autre des revendications 1 eu 2? caractérisé en ce que l'étape 2) de conversion des glycoiates en acide glycoiique est réalisée à l'aide d'une méthode choisie dans le groupe constitué de l' électrodialyse sur membranes bipolaires, des résines; èchangeuses d'ions ou de l' ajout d'acide fort . 4, Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'étape de distillation à très court temps de séjour esc réalisée à l'aide d'une méthode choisie dans le groupe constitué de la distillation continue en film mince,; flot tombant et film raclé. 3, Method according to either of claims 1 and 2 ? characterized in that step 2) of converting the glycoiates to glycolic acid is carried out using a method selected from the group consisting of electrodialysis on bipolar membranes, resins; ion exchangers or the addition of strong acid. 4, Process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the distillation step at very short residence time esc performed using a method selected from the group consisting of continuous distillation in film slim,; falling stream and scraped film.
5. Acide glycoiique pouvant être obtenu selon le procédé défini dans tune quelconque des revendications 1 à 4. 5. Glycolic acid obtainable by the method defined in any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. Utilisation de l'acide glycoiique obtenu selon le procédé de l'une quelconque des revendications 1 a 4 comme agent de desquamation de la peau, agent de teinture et de tannage, comme agent de conservation, comme agent nettoyant, et comme additifs pour encre et peinture, 6. Use of the glycolic acid obtained according to the process of any one of claims 1 to 4 as a skin peeling agent, dyeing and tanning agent, as a preservative, as a cleaning agent, and as additives for ink and paint,
7, Utilisation de l'acide glycoiique obtenu selon le procédé de l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4 dans les industries cosmétiques, alimentaires, textiles, du bâtiment et industries diverses, 7, Use of the glycolic acid obtained according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 4 in the cosmetic, food, textile, building and various industries,
8, Procédé de préparation d'une composition comprenant de l'acide glycoiique o' origine fermentaire, ledit procédé de préparation comprenant les étapes consistant à: 8, Process for preparing a composition comprising glycolic acid of fermentative origin, said preparation process comprising the steps of:
a) Fournir un acide glycoiique d'origine fermentaire obtenu selon le procédé de préparation défini dans l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, et a) providing a glycolic acid of fermentative origin obtained according to the method of preparation defined in any one of claims 1 to 4, and
b) Obtenir la composition en utilisant l'acide glycoiique fourni a l'étape a) . 9, Procédé de préparation selon la revendication 8 dans lequel la composition est choisie parmi une composition pharmaceutique, une composetion cosmétique, une composition alimentaire ou une composition destinée à un usage industriel. b) Obtaining the composition using the glycolic acid provided in step a). 9, A method of preparation according to claim 8 wherein the composition is selected from a pharmaceutical composition, a cosmetic composition, a food composition or a composition for industrial use.
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FR1153905A FR2974803B1 (en) | 2011-05-06 | 2011-05-06 | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A PARTIALLY PURIFIED GLYCOLIC ACID |
FR1153905 | 2011-05-06 |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR3001453A1 (en) * | 2013-01-30 | 2014-08-01 | Roquette Freres | PROCESS FOR PURIFYING GLYCOLIC ACID BY THERMAL TREATMENT |
WO2016162712A1 (en) | 2015-04-07 | 2016-10-13 | Metabolic Explorer | Modified microorganism for the optimized production of 2,4-dihydroxyburyrate |
WO2016162442A1 (en) | 2015-04-07 | 2016-10-13 | Metabolic Explorer | A modified microorganism for the optimized production of 2,4-dihydroxyburyrate with enhanced 2,4-dihydroxybutyrate efflux |
EP3354742A1 (en) | 2017-01-26 | 2018-08-01 | Metabolic Explorer | Methods and microorganisms for the production of glycolic acid and/or glyoxylic acid |
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FR3001453A1 (en) * | 2013-01-30 | 2014-08-01 | Roquette Freres | PROCESS FOR PURIFYING GLYCOLIC ACID BY THERMAL TREATMENT |
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WO2016162442A1 (en) | 2015-04-07 | 2016-10-13 | Metabolic Explorer | A modified microorganism for the optimized production of 2,4-dihydroxyburyrate with enhanced 2,4-dihydroxybutyrate efflux |
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US10774320B2 (en) | 2017-01-26 | 2020-09-15 | Metabolic Explorer | Methods and microorganisms for the production of glycolic acid and/or glyoxylic acid |
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FR2974803B1 (en) | 2013-05-03 |
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