WO2012146463A1 - Dispositif de stockage d'énergie comprenant plusieurs modules de stockage destinés à l'énergie électrique - Google Patents

Dispositif de stockage d'énergie comprenant plusieurs modules de stockage destinés à l'énergie électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012146463A1
WO2012146463A1 PCT/EP2012/056028 EP2012056028W WO2012146463A1 WO 2012146463 A1 WO2012146463 A1 WO 2012146463A1 EP 2012056028 W EP2012056028 W EP 2012056028W WO 2012146463 A1 WO2012146463 A1 WO 2012146463A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
memory module
energy storage
storage device
memory
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2012/056028
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Alexander Hahn
Wolfgang Weydanz
Dieter Fischer
Uwe Krebs
Holger Leu
Jean-Philippe MACARY
Andreja Rasic
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
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Publication of WO2012146463A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012146463A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00038—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange using passive battery identification means, e.g. resistors or capacitors
    • H02J7/00041—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange using passive battery identification means, e.g. resistors or capacitors in response to measured battery parameters, e.g. voltage, current or temperature profile
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with provisions for charging different types of batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/487—Neutral point clamped inverters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

Definitions

  • An energy storage device comprising a plurality of storage modules for electrical energy
  • the invention relates to an energy storage device comprising a plurality of memory modules for electrical energy, each connected to a capacitor unit of an inverter to ⁇ associated Umrichtersubmoduls for loading or unloading at least one memory module via a controllable DC voltage controller are coupled at least, which DC voltage regulator for converting to the capacitor unit applied capacitor voltage in a charging voltage, which is required for charging the memory module, and is configured for converting a resulting charge in the energy storage discharge voltage in the capacitor voltage.
  • Electrical energy storage devices are becoming increasingly important, especially in non-consumer electronics and consumer electronics sectors. Energy storage devices of larger capacity have already been proposed for use in motor vehicles and also for stationary storage in networks. Thus, an intelligent integration of energy storage in electrical networks, especially as decentralized energy storage devices or storage in isolated networks, is becoming increasingly important.
  • An inverter with Umrichterventilen or Umrichterarmen having a series circuit of submodules for charging or discharging an energy storage is known from nachveröffent ⁇ clear application with the application number PCT / EP / 2009 / 065,491th
  • a process described there submodule for loading or Entla ⁇ an energy storage device comprises a capacitor unit, and a power semiconductor circuit having on and off power semiconductors.
  • the capacitor unit and the power semiconductor circuit are connected to one another such that, depending on the control of the power semiconductors of the power semiconductor circuit, at least Gate unit falling voltage or a zero voltage at Aus ⁇ output terminals of the submodule can be generated.
  • the energy store can be connected to the sub-module via a DC voltage controller, said DC voltage controller is connected to the capacitor unit, and for converting a dropped across the capacitor unit capacitor voltage into a charging voltage necessary to charge the energy store is, and is arranged to convert a discharging voltage dropping at the energy storage in the discharge voltage in the capacitor voltage.
  • a DC voltage controller is connected to the capacitor unit, and for converting a dropped across the capacitor unit capacitor voltage into a charging voltage necessary to charge the energy store is, and is arranged to convert a discharging voltage dropping at the energy storage in the discharge voltage in the capacitor voltage.
  • the scattering of individual cells of the memory modules can be, for example, 5% or more. After aging, ie operation, and thus different heating of individual cells according to position in the module (cooling) and operating conditions may lead to an even more different behavior of the individual memory modules. In the construction of large energy storage devices or systems today very similar cells are often used for a memory module or the entire system, which can lead to ei ⁇ nem greater sorting costs.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide an electrical ⁇ specific energy storage device rungs- in the memory modules of different charge and discharge characteristics, especially different internal resistance, capacitance, aging and health, can be used.
  • a central control device which is designed to control the individual DC voltage controller taking into account operating data of all memory modules and external request data, and / or each capacitor unit and / or each DC voltage controller is assigned a control unit that is module-specific configurable for at least two in ei ⁇ ner their charge and discharge characteristics affecting property different memory modules.
  • PCT / EP / 2009/065491 has already been proposed to provide a modular solution that allows to divide an energy storage device into different memory modules, specifically a Marquardt multi-stage converter was used, but there it was basically necessary to use the same Spei ⁇ chermodule , With the present invention, it is, especially for general Umrichtermatie, only ⁇ times possible to specifically use differing memory modules or counteract the effects of temporal changes after aging of the memory modules.
  • control unit which can also be referred to as a battery management unit is specifically tailored to a specific memory module, but is intended from the outset in the energy storage device to use different memory modules, whether they are completely different ⁇ Liche module types or only different storage modules from the state of aging (especially in the context of so-called second-life scenarios).
  • module types in particular different models of memory modules, differing from home in a property influencing their charge and discharge properties, ie for different module types, in particular in their storage principle and / or their storage capacity and / or its voltage level and / or the Che mie ⁇ their storage process and / or its efficiency or its internal resistance.
  • module types in particular in their storage principle and / or their storage capacity and / or its voltage level and / or the Che mie ⁇ their storage process and / or its efficiency or its internal resistance.
  • Gleichwoodsstel- ler which may be formed for example as a step-up converter and / or deep ⁇ converter.
  • the DC voltage regulators make it possible to cover a considerable voltage spectrum on the output side, which can even be adapted flexibly to slightly different conditions or network environments as required.
  • the manner of operation of the DC voltage controller which is controlled via the control unit to be configured specifically for him to be closed ⁇ memory module type or concrete attached storage module.
  • DC voltage controllers in particular step-up converters, preferably with high efficiency can be achieved, therefore, for example, the voltage level of the memory modules, which may consist ge ⁇ switched single cells in series and / or parallel, must not be necessarily the same. Rather, different Memory modules are used, in particular, un ⁇ different cell chemistries in the memory modules can be used.
  • Another special advantage of the present invention is the use of a central control device which is designed to control the individual DC voltage regulators, if necessary additionally the memory modules themselves, taking into account operating data of all memory modules and external request data, for example a power requirement . It is therefore proposed a holistic control concept for the energy storage ⁇ chervoriques, which is not only able, for example, different current characteristics, such as the current state of charge to consider the individual memory modules, but also to address the characteristics of different memory modules used, which then depending on their characteristics can be used. For example, in the case of a high, quickly-required power requirement, memory modules with suitable properties can be preferably unloaded and the like.
  • the memory modules, a lithium-ion battery and / or a lithium-polymer battery, and / or a lead-battery and / or a nickel-cadmium battery and / or may be provided in the sense Nickel-metal hydride battery and / or a high-temperature battery, in particular a sodium-sulfur battery and / or a ZEBRA battery and / or a metal-air battery, and / or a redox flow battery and / or a supercapacitor, in particular a double-layer capacitor and / or a hybrid capacitor, in particular at least two memory modules from this group.
  • each inverter submodule be assigned a different type of memory module, but it is also conceivable to use memory modules which have a different aging state, which can be expressed, for example, in a changed capacity, voltage or permissible charging or discharging current.
  • second-life scenarios in which, for example, already used (ge ⁇ needed) memory modules that have an altered Powerful ⁇ ness, continue to be used.
  • a memory module can be made up of several individual cells. Then, it is also possible that the existing of a plurality of memory cell memory modules, which memory module operation unit so controls a memory module operating unit umfas ⁇ sen the memory cells and their charging and discharging that the SpeI ⁇ cherzellen be operated in a certain temperature range and / or in a certain voltage range and / or a charge balance between the memory cells takes place. Particularly in the case of series-connected memory cells, an electronic management system, the memory module operating unit, is integrated into the memory module, which enables the safe operation of the memory module or of each individual memory cell of the memory module in a predetermined temperature and voltage window. This management can as well perform a charge equalization between the memory cells of the memory module, so-called "balancing".
  • the shutdown of the memory modules can be constantly monitored, for example, whether the memory module is fully charged or fully discharged, that means , the maximum or minimum tension ⁇ voltage of the memory module is reached. Then the energy exchange ⁇ between the memory module and the capacitor unit via a correspondingly clever control of Um ⁇ richtersubmoduls, specifically in particular the Gleichwoods- stellers be prevented and the corresponding Umrichter ⁇ submodule acts ultimately as a "conventional" Umres ⁇ tersubmodul, for example as conventional Marquardt Mehrmenumrichtersubmodul, so as a Umrichtersubmodul to which no memory module is connected.
  • the memory module operating unit can be integrated in a control unit ⁇ there, where it should be ⁇ noted at this point that the concepts for the control of such existing from single cells memory modules can also be applied to larger measure ⁇ bars.
  • the control unit so controls the memory modules and their loading and unloading ⁇ charging mode that the memory modules in a be ⁇ certain temperature range and / or in a certain voltage range are operated and / or a charge balance between the memory modules takes place.
  • the inverter is a multi-stage converter and / or a converter without intermediate circuit, in particular with a decentralized intermediate circuit, and / or a multi-point converter.
  • the corresponding converter is composed of a plurality of converter submodules which, for example, can be arranged with their memory modules connected to the phases connecting or individual phases associated converter arms.
  • the inverter is a multi-point converter, in particular a three-point converter, with at least three different, in particular the phases ver ⁇ binding arms, wherein at least one Umrichtersubmodul is provided on each arm. It is possible, therefore, for ⁇ play as to realize a Dreiecksumrichter, the memory modules are arranged between the phases. Ana ⁇ loges applies, for example, multipoint.
  • an electrical energy storage device can be rea ⁇ lformat, the learning at least a three-point inverter with Umrichtersubmodulen with corresponding Gleichwoodsstel- (which ultimately DC-DC converters, respectively), comprising.
  • Umrichtersubmodulen with corresponding Gleichwoodsstel- (which ultimately DC-DC converters, respectively)
  • two memory modules can be connected to the two DC voltage controller so that a total of two memory modules per phase result.
  • the construction of each phase is ideally but not necessarily symmetrical chosen be ⁇ liz the utilization and energy storage modules for each phase are ideally equal availablestal ⁇ tet.
  • this symmetrical structure does not have to apply to the different phases or arms.
  • the inverters may well have decentralized intermediate circuits, which are then implemented in the Umrichtersubmodulen.
  • each converter valve extends between an AC voltage connection for connecting the converter to an AC voltage network and a DC voltage connection.
  • Each valve has a series arrangement of bipolar submodules, each having a capacitor unit connected in parallel with a power semiconductor circuit. The two connection terminals of each submodule are connected once to the capacitor unit and once to the potential point between the two power semiconductor switches, to each of which a freewheeling diode is connected in parallel in opposite directions. In this way, either a zero voltage or the capacitor unit on the abfal ⁇ loin capacitor voltage can be generated at the two terminals of each submodule.
  • a so-called multistage DC voltage impressing converter or Marquardt multi-stage converter is provided.
  • the DC voltage positioner can electrically isolate the capacitor unit and the memory module or be designed for the galvanic separation of the capacitor unit and the memory module and / or have a fixed or adjustable transmission ratio. It is therefore conceivable an energy storage device, in which the DC voltage controller galvanic isolation between the Inverter, specifically the Umrichtersubmodul, and the Speichermo ⁇ module, such as a battery, can allow. It can be provided with particular advantage that when operating the energy storage device on the memory module side side, the applied voltage does not exceed a threshold voltage, insbesonde ⁇ re 120 V. In such Energyspei ⁇ chervoroplasty is specifically selected the voltage level so that the memory module is below a DC threshold voltage, for example below 120 V or 60 V.
  • the energy storage device can be lowered to low voltages over a transmission ratio of the DC voltage controller so that the threshold voltage falls below a statutory threshold or not as strong the effect on the people in unachtsa ⁇ mem touch.
  • a Berzterrorismthematik can be avoided, since the memory modules are in the maintenance below a critical Berschreibstoffproofstoff critical voltage, in Germany, for example, below 120 V.
  • the voltage actually used of the memory modules can of course by selecting a suitable number of memory cells of the memory module to others border tensions, for example, are tuned to the ört ⁇ union conditions of the network / application / legislation be adapted.
  • the capacitor unit comprises ei ⁇ nen module capacitor, in particular a built-in as part of the DC voltage controller module capacitor. It is therefore conceivable that the module Capacitor in DC is integrated manufacturers provided after anyway DC voltage are known manufacturers that already have input side ei ⁇ nen condenser. If this is provided on the input side provided capacitor used as the capacitor module of the capacitor unit, is advantageously a component incorporated ⁇ saved.
  • the energy storage device can furthermore be characterized in that no memory module is connected to at least one DC voltage controller.
  • no memory module is fitted to individual converter submodules of the modular converter, but, for example, only one module capacitor for stabilizing the converter submodule.
  • Such Umrichtersubmodule in which no Speicherermo ⁇ module is equipped, are then operated as a "conventional" Umrichter ⁇ submodule.This may be the case for availability and maintenance ⁇ reasons, with a flexibility is given, the retrofitting or omission of memory modules allowed.
  • control device and / or the control units for controlling the DC voltage regulator taking into account the voltage of the memory module and / or the current state of charge of the memory module and / or the remaining capacity of the memory module and / or the performance of the memory module and / or the internal resistance of the SpeI ⁇ chermoduls and / or the aging state of the memory module is formed as an operating parameter.
  • operating parameters can be taken into account, for example the charging and / or discharging current and the like.
  • the Umrichtersubmodul at which the memory module is coupled can provide the power Sanforde ⁇ approximations to the memory, according to a control logic which is adapted to the mode of operation. This can, for. For example, it may prefer to load more heavily on memory modules to maximize the overall performance of the system. Similarly, it may be a partial or total discharge or activation individual memory modules to relieve them, to save or possibly to switch maintenance or replacement of the entire system.
  • control units and / or the control device and / or provided on each memory module measuring device for automatically determining at least one operating parameter of Speichermo ⁇ duls are formed.
  • control device is designed for operating a group of memory modules having at least one memory module in a maintenance mode, and / or measurement mode, in particular for determining a capacity of Speichermodu ⁇ le the group and / or a self-discharge of the memory modules of the group as operating parameters.
  • the state of charge can be determined in some chemistries simply by measuring the voltage of the memory module.
  • a measurement of the inner ⁇ resistance which may be a useful parameter for determining the aging state of a memory module, for example, can be made possible by the application of a voltage pulse to the memory module, so determine taking into account a measured current of the DC internal resistance leaves. Characterized in that a central Steuerein ⁇ direction is provided, however, it is also possible, the capacity of a memory module and the self-discharge filters festzu ⁇ .
  • a group of memory modules for example, all provided on one arm of the inverter memory modules are separated from the rest of operating for a certain time ⁇ period in which these memory modules are fully ⁇ continuously discharged and / or be fully charged, so that the corresponding Operating parameters and thus in particular the real available capacity of Spei ⁇ chermodule can determine.
  • any charging and / or discharging current from a memory module in the measuring mode for a defined time can be avoided and the course of the state of charge, in particular determined on the basis of the voltage of the memory module, can be considered.
  • ⁇ It benefits in control be it should be done at the level of the control device or at the level of the control units, not only on the voltage of the memory module, but other operating parameters considered who should ⁇ . These may, for example, the state of charge of the storage modulus and the remaining capacity, the power ⁇ ability and / or the internal resistance of the memory module, which from ⁇ depend strongly on the memory technology, the aging state of the module, from which in particular ⁇ sondere an adjustment of the operating parameters remaining Capacity, performance and internal resistance results, and the like.
  • the control device for determining and / or consideration of a preferred operating window for each memory module of the voltage is bezüg ⁇ Lich least formed and / or the control units for determining and / or consideration of a preferred operating window for each of its assigned memory module with respect to at least the voltage are formed.
  • Such operating window so for example, a ma ⁇ ximum and minimum allowed or recommended voltage have already been mentioned.
  • Such operating windows can ensure that excessive aging of memory modules is avoided and / or the memory modules can always be used optimally with regard to their performance. It is al However, it should be borne in mind that these preferred, in particular optimum, operating windows can change with the aging status of the respective memory modules.
  • control device and / or the control units for determining the current operating window of a memory module taking into account at least one of the aging state of the memory module ⁇ writing operating parameter, in particular the êtwider ⁇ states and / or the Capacity, is formed, in particular on the basis of an operating window in the new state of Spei ⁇ chermoduls under consideration of a database and / or a particular memory module-specific look-up table.
  • the "starting values" for different memory modules can already be set as part of the configuration for the memory modules, whereby in particular also certain look-up tables can be preselected.However, it is also possible to enter such starting values for the operating windows manually or otherwise in To bring experience.
  • a control unit on a memory module to be controlled by them in a Spei ⁇ cher the control unit several different anschlie ⁇ ren memory modules and / or memory module types associated parameter sets of a control algorithm are stored selectable. It is therefore a configurable control algorithm used for the present pre-registered selectable Parame ⁇ ter algorithms which only have ultimately still be adjusted, for example by hand, if an appropriate Memory module is connected.
  • a device for automatically detecting a memory module connected to a DC voltage controller is provided, wherein the selection of a parameter set takes place automatically as a function of a memory module detected by the device.
  • High-voltage networks with integrated energy storage here in the form of memory modules,
  • - buffers for sensitive networks / processes that means, in particular, a supply of a subnetwork whose primary supply has failed, for example to safely transfer critical processes or processes into a defined state
  • Electric or hybrid vehicle wherein when charging the change ⁇ voltage connection of the inverter of Energy Appendvor ⁇ direction is connected to a power grid, in the locomotion of the AC terminal of the inverter is connected to the drive motor and a network buffering can be realized, that means it can, if necessary to be fed back into the AC voltage network (power grid), central charging station for batteries, with an appropriate structure, in particular with a switchable galvanic isolation by the DC voltage controller, a replacement of individual memory modules during operation of the Um ⁇ judge is possible.
  • AC voltage network power grid
  • central charging station for batteries with an appropriate structure, in particular with a switchable galvanic isolation by the DC voltage controller, a replacement of individual memory modules during operation of the Um ⁇ judge is possible.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an energy storage device according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a possible first, concrete realization of an energy storage device according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows an implementation of the energy storage device according to the invention in the form of a direct converter
  • FIG. 4 shows a topology on an arm of a three-point converter.
  • FIG 1 shows a schematic diagram of an energy storage device according to the invention 1. Specific embodiments with respect to the inverter will be shown with reference to Figures 2 to 4 in the further course.
  • the energy storage device 1 comprises an inverter 2 which in the present case has a three-phase input 3.
  • the judge 2 can be a multi-stage converter, a converter without intermediate circuit and / or a multi-point converter.
  • the inverter 2 is composed of several Umrichtersubmodulen 4, comprising a condenser unit 5 and are currentlybil ⁇ det for loading and unloading at least one memory module. 6
  • a memory module 6 is coupled to the capacitor unit 5 via a controllable DC voltage controller 7, in particular a step-up converter, which can also be referred to as a DC / DC converter.
  • the purpose of the DC voltage controller 7 is, on the one hand, to convert a capacitor voltage applied to the capacitor unit 5 into a charging voltage which is required for charging the memory module.
  • the DC ⁇ actuator 7 is designed to convert a produced during unloading at the SpeI ⁇ submodule 6 discharge voltage in the capacitor voltage.
  • a decentralized energy store in the form of the individual memory modules 6 is provided in the energy storage device 1, which are each angekop ⁇ pelt to a Umrichtersubmodul 4.
  • At least two of the memory modules 6 are different ⁇ Lich. While it is always possible that the Spei ⁇ chermodule 6 are of the same memory module type, but differ in their state of health, however, it is presently also conceivable to use different types of modules for memory modules 6, it means specifically different Spei ⁇ chermodule 6 Thus, they differ in their properties related to loading and / or unloading, which has also happened in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. At least two memory modules 6 may differ in their memory principle and / or their storage capacity and / or their voltage level and / or the chemistry of their storage process and / or their performance.
  • At least one memory module a ⁇ Li thium-ion battery, a lithium polymer battery, a lead battery, a nickel-cadmium battery, a nickel Metal hydride battery, a high-temperature battery, a redox flow battery and / or a storage capacitor.
  • a wide variety of memory modules 6 are conceivable. It should be noted at this point that may consist of several memory cells memory modules ⁇ 6, as is customary, but these are not shown in detail here.
  • a memory module operating unit which regulates the memory cells and their charging and discharging operation in such a way that the memory cells are operated in a specific temperature range and / or voltage range and / or charge compensation between the memory cells Memory cells takes place (balancing).
  • This memory module operating unit can be integrated in the control unit 8, which is described in more detail below, which is assigned to each DC voltage regulator 7, but at least can preferably communicate with it if, as is known, it is already installed in the memory module 6.
  • the control units 8 are now the first important
  • control units 8 a schematically indicated, configurable control algorithm in conjunction with the present ⁇ various module types associated is stored 9, parameter sets 10, which may be for example, stored in a database.
  • the associated control unit 8 is by selection of the correct parameter set 10 and using configured dessel ⁇ ben in the control algorithm 9, wherein said A ⁇ position by hand, in particular via a higher-level central ⁇ rale controller 11 can take place, preferably
  • a device for automated detection of a rule ⁇ connected to a DC voltage controller 7 memory module 6 not shown in detail is used.
  • the data in a memory device within the Memory module 6 to be stored and retrieved via a corresponding communication connection by the control unit 8, which then automatically selects a parameter set 10 in dependence on the data from the memory module.
  • the parameters in the parameter set includes a preferred operating window for the memory module 6, and in particular we ⁇ ilias respect to the voltage, but optionally also with respect to temperature, when new, and a rule how to be described in consideration of the aging state of the memory module 6 operating parameters of the Memory module 6 can determine therefrom an operating window corresponding to the aging state, for example a look-up table.
  • operating windows are limits, therefore, to understand examples play as voltage limits, temperature limits, which met during operation of the memory module 6 who should ⁇ to realize optimum performance and minimal From ⁇ use of the memory module. 6
  • the operation window determination can also take place via the central control device 11.
  • the control units 8 are integrated in the central control device 11.
  • the central control device 11 which activates the individual DC voltage controllers 7 -under the intermediary of the control units 8-taking into account the operating data of all the memory modules 6 and external request data 12, for example a power requirement. So this means that a ganzheitli ⁇ ches control concept is provided which is particularly well able to make optimum use of the different properties of the memory modules 6 with regard to the An Brasssda- th. So it is conceivable that at ho ⁇ hen performance requirements, some memory modules 6 are more suitable, so this should be preferred then discharged, for example, to damage and / or Aging of other memory modules 6 to avoid.
  • a central control device 11 can be advantageously used, for example, to realize maintenance cycles and measuring cycles for groups of memory modules 6 by being brought into a maintenance mode or a measuring mode, for example.
  • Maintenance cycles may mean, for example, that the memory modules 6 are completely discharged once, in order then to be completely recharged.
  • the operating parameter of the current capacity of a memory module 6 can also be determined in this way. In this sense, there is also a measurement mode. Conceivable, however, it is also possible to provide in a measurement mode no La ⁇ de- and discharging at a memory module 6 so that its self-discharge can be measured as operating parameters.
  • Control unit 8 and / or control means 11 are also adapted, moreover, from certain Be ⁇ operating parameters, in particular the internal resistance and / or the capacity to derive the state of aging.
  • the controller 11 and / or the control units 8 the voltage of the respective memory module 6, the current state of charge take into account the Speichermo ⁇ duls 6, the remaining capacity of the storage module 6, the performance of the storage module 6, the internal resistance of the memory module 6 and the aging state of the Speichermo ⁇ duls 6 as an operating parameter.
  • FIG. 2 now shows a first, concrete exemplary embodiment, in which the converter 2 is realized as a Marquardt multi-stage converter 13.
  • the inverter 13 consists of a Brü ⁇ bridge circuit of Umrichterventilen or power semiconductor valves 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19, wherein each of said power semiconductor valves which can be referred to as Umrichterarme, between an AC voltage terminal 20 and a positive DC voltage terminal 21 and a negative DC voltage terminal 22 extends.
  • each power semiconductor valve 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19 has a current flow limiting inductor 23.
  • each AC voltage terminal 20 is connected to the connection means 3 for connecting an AC voltage network.
  • each of the cultivraumlei ⁇ terventile 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19 has a series circuit of bipolar Umrichtersubmodulen 4, all of which are identically constructed. Therefore, in the right half of Figure 2, only a sub-module 4 is shown in more detail. It can be seen that each submodule 4 has a capacitor unit 5 and a power semiconductor circuit 24 which extends parallel to the capacitor unit 5.
  • the counselschlei ⁇ terscrien 24 has two power semiconductors 25 and 26, which can both be switched on and off.
  • Such power semiconductors 25, 26 are, for example, so-called IGBTs, GTOs, X-FETs, IGCTs or the like. In principle, any switchable power semiconductor can be used in the context of this exemplary embodiment.
  • Each of these controllable power semiconductors 25, 26, a freewheeling diode 27 is connected in parallel opposite directions. Further, a first on ⁇ connecting terminal 28 electrically connected to the capacitor unit 5 ver ⁇ prevented. A second connection terminal 29 is connected to the potential point between the power semiconductors 25 and 26. To the richter ⁇ 13 a capacitor voltage drops in the operation of the condenser unit. 5
  • each of the power semiconductors 25 or 26 can be transferred from a breaker position, in which a current flow through the respective power semiconductor is interrupted, into its open position, in which a current flow through the power semiconductor 25, 26 in a forward direction allows is and vice versa.
  • the power semi-conductors 25 and 26 for example, so angesteu ⁇ ert that the power semiconductor, however, 26 is in its breaker position of the power semiconductor 25 in its passage position, the capacitor voltage drops at the output terminals 28 and 29th
  • the power semiconductor 26 is in its open position, the power semiconductor 25 is in its breaker position, the voltage zero drops at the output terminals 28 and 29.
  • the capacitor voltage or a zero voltage may be applied to the output terminals 28 and 29.
  • the capacitor unit 5 is connected in parallel to a DC voltage controller 7.
  • the DC voltage controller 7 is connected on the output side to a memory module 6, as already illustrated in FIG.
  • Corresponding measuring means as part of the control unit 8 or externally realized are not shown nä forth for clarity.
  • Figure 3 shows another embodiment: a Umrich ter without central DC circuit.
  • the converter submodules 4 are located on the converter arms 31, 32 and 33 directly between the phases associated AC voltage terminals 20, similar to a cycloconverter. These can be interconnected in chains or individually, care must be taken that the converter submodules are able to work with the alternating current or voltage from their internal topology or through skillful interconnection. Another interconnection z. B. in the star is also conceivable.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further exemplary embodiment in which a three-phase converter is used as converter 2.
  • a three-phase converter is used as converter 2.
  • corresponding components with appropriate ⁇ speaking reference numerals and it is only a Pha shown se.
  • the three-point converter also has AC voltage connections 20, on which different phases can be applied.
  • the AC voltage connections are connected via the inverter arms.
  • There are four Leis ⁇ tung semiconductor 34 are visible per arm - 37 are provided, which, in turn, a freewheeling diode is in each case connected in the opposite direction 38 parallel.
  • the pairs of power semiconductors 34, 35 and 36, 37 are coupled via a further two diodes 39, which make it possible to apply the capacitor voltage or a zero voltage via a corresponding circuit of the power semiconductors 34 - 37 to two modulator capacitors 40 here.
  • a memory module 6 is connected via a DC voltage controller 7 in turn coupled, that is, in the present case ⁇ the two memory modules 6 are coupled to a Umrichtersubmodul. 4 Nevertheless, in the present case for driving tion of the two DC voltage controller 7 is a single control unit 8 used. By way of example, this can be done by "balancing" between the two memory modules 6.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

Dispositif de stockage d'énergie (1) comprenant plusieurs modules de stockage (6) destinés à l'énergie électrique dont chacun est couplé à une unité de condensateur (5) d'un sous-ensemble de convertisseur (4) qui est associé à un convertisseur (2) et qui est destiné à charger ou décharger au moins un module de stockage (6) à travers au moins un régulateur de tension continue (7) pouvant être commandé, le régulateur de tension continue (7) étant réalisé de façon à pouvoir convertir une tension de condensateur constatée au niveau d'une unité de condensateur (5) en une tension de charge requise pour le chargement du module de stockage (6) et convertir une tension de décharge générée lors du déchargement au niveau du module de stockage (6) en une tension de condensateur, une unité centrale de commande (11) étant réalisée sous une forme permettant de commander chacun des régulateurs de tension continue (7) en se basant sur des données de fonctionnement de l'ensemble des modules de fonctionnement (6) et sur des données externes (12) définissant les exigences, et/ou une unité de commande (8) étant associée à chaque unité de condensateur (5) et/ou à chaque régulateur de tension continue (7) et pouvant être configurée pour au moins deux modules de stockage (6) lesquels se distinguent en ce qui concerne une propriété influant sur leurs caractéristiques de charge et de décharge, de façon à tenir compte des spécificités de ces modules.
PCT/EP2012/056028 2011-04-27 2012-04-03 Dispositif de stockage d'énergie comprenant plusieurs modules de stockage destinés à l'énergie électrique WO2012146463A1 (fr)

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CN108781040A (zh) * 2016-03-18 2018-11-09 西门子股份公司 模块化多级转换器
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CN110798049A (zh) * 2018-07-26 2020-02-14 赛米控电子股份有限公司 功率变换器布置及用于操作这种功率变换器布置的方法
US11424679B2 (en) 2019-02-27 2022-08-23 Hitachi Energy Switzerland Ag Buck boost converter cell for MMC
CN114374213A (zh) * 2022-01-12 2022-04-19 中国科学院电工研究所 级联多电平储能系统及其充放电控制方法

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