WO2012145464A1 - Appareil et procédé de stockage définitif de déchets dangereux - Google Patents

Appareil et procédé de stockage définitif de déchets dangereux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012145464A1
WO2012145464A1 PCT/US2012/034179 US2012034179W WO2012145464A1 WO 2012145464 A1 WO2012145464 A1 WO 2012145464A1 US 2012034179 W US2012034179 W US 2012034179W WO 2012145464 A1 WO2012145464 A1 WO 2012145464A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
container
hazardous waste
waste container
containers
hazardous
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2012/034179
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Frank M. LENZ
Original Assignee
North Star Research International, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by North Star Research International, Inc. filed Critical North Star Research International, Inc.
Publication of WO2012145464A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012145464A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/04—Treating liquids
    • G21F9/20—Disposal of liquid waste
    • G21F9/24—Disposal of liquid waste by storage in the ground; by storage under water, e.g. in ocean
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F1/00—Shielding characterised by the composition of the materials
    • G21F1/02—Selection of uniform shielding materials
    • G21F1/04—Concretes; Other hydraulic hardening materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F1/00—Shielding characterised by the composition of the materials
    • G21F1/12—Laminated shielding materials
    • G21F1/125—Laminated shielding materials comprising metals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers

Definitions

  • the disclosure relates to the disposal of hazardous waste.
  • the U.S. has approximately 77,000 tons of high-level radioactive waste from spent fuel rods from 104 currently active nuclear power plants, plus those that have been deactivated in the past fifty or so years.
  • the resultant quantity of radioactive waste is unmanageable by any current standard of waste treatment.
  • One aspect of the disclosure includes a containment and permanent disposal system for all forms of hazardous waste - nuclear, biologic, chemical, medical, industrial and military - into the deep oceanic trenches of the subduction zones. All forms of hazardous waste will be collected and contained in uniquely designed containers capable of fully and securely locking in all hazardous properties of the waste, including radioactivity.
  • the containers will be transported by properly certified and licensed carriers along the railways, highways and waterways, to designated military bases for secure and isolated short-term storage.
  • the preferred bases in the U.S. will be near the Atlantic coast, the Gulf coast, and the Pacific coast.
  • the hazardous waste containers will be off-loaded into the ocean and will descend into the trench, guided by an inertial navigation system, to a precise location on the surface of the sediment layer of the deep trench. From there the containers will be subducted into the lower levels of the sediment, taken down by gravity and assisted by the tremors of seismic activity common to all subduction zones.
  • One embodiment of the hazardous waste container is cylindrical, with about a four- to-one ratio of length to diameter.
  • the central one-third has a somewhat smaller diameter, giving the container a wasp-waist configuration to facilitate its descent into the ocean depths and into the sediment layer.
  • the exterior of the container is covered with shallow, one-inch dimples to decrease surface tension and thereby facilitate the container's descent through the water and into the sediment layer.
  • the front end has a rounded, slightly pointed shape. A sharply pointed nose is unnecessary, since the container will be passing through water at a slow rate, not as a high-speed projectile flying through the air.
  • the front end optionally has stationary steering vanes to facilitate the precise positioning of the container into the sediment of the deep oceanic trenches.
  • the back end of the container has movable steering vanes that are computer controlled and optionally battery powered.
  • a one-hundred-foot tether line attached to the rear end of the container, with a hollow flotation device designed like a Bucky Ball, following the basic design pattern invented by Buckminster Fuller. Its unique shape and design prevent collapse of the float under the extreme pressure at the depths of the trenches.
  • This floatation device may be equipped with an automatic signaling device to enable surface crew to monitor the placement and sink -rate of the container into the sediment layer of the deep trench.
  • the steering vanes are controlled by a battery powered computer that is programmed to place the container in an exact location at the surface of the sediment layer, within inches of its intended location.
  • An inertial navigation system associated with the container is optionally calibrated by the satellite-controlled global positioning system of the ship before the container is deposited.
  • a small rocket-powered propulsion device provides additional thrust to the container during the last several yards of its descent, so the container will be immediately inserted more deeply into the sediment layer.
  • the propulsion system is triggered by a sonar distance sensor mounted at the nose of the container.
  • the container is constructed of reinforced concrete or other suitable materials, depending on the nature and composition of the hazardous waste being disposed of.
  • the container has rounded interior surfaces - no angular or square corners anywhere. This creates a stronger shape to withstand the extreme pressures of the depths.
  • the special concrete mix used for some containers is composed of and reinforced with stamp sands, fiberglass fibers, ground glass, and with various additional compounds to greatly strengthen the container.
  • the exterior surface is coated with a Teflon- like material to facilitate the container's descent through the water and the sediment layer.
  • the interior of the container is coated with a thin layer of reinforced, rubberized material to ensure containment of hazardous materials in the unlikely event of any fissures in the wall of the container.
  • the use of a special concrete mixture for the creation of the container offers several valuable advantages: the container can be manufactured with semi-skilled labor; it can be produced in most parts of the world without unusual manufacturing facilities; it is very affordable, as compared to ceramic materials or metal alloys; and concrete is very resistant to the corrosive effects of sea water.
  • the interior of the container comprises one single, open space, with no separate compartments of any sort.
  • the container is filled with a homogenous slurry mix composed of concrete with a blend of materials and minerals designed to accommodate the particular qualities of the hazardous materials being contained.
  • the mix has a negative electrical valence to ensure that the radioactive contents are automatically bonded to the mixture.
  • the hazardous waste of whatever sort is processed in such a way that the materials are well and thoroughly mixed with the slurry, avoiding the possibility of air spaces or gaps in the mixture.
  • the end result is that the container and its contents constitute one solid unit, fully able to resist the extreme pressure of the ocean depths without compression or structural failure.
  • the end cap is securely fastened and bolted into place, with a special O-ring design to ensure a complete seal.
  • the density of the container itself, and of the contents, ensures that the filled container does not merely settle onto the surface of the sediment, but steadily sinks deeper into the sediment layer. This sinking occurs because of the frequent occurrence of seismic tremors - earthquakes - that occur a million times a year around the earth. Eighty-five percent of all earthquakes occur at the subduction zones of the deep oceanic trenches.
  • the material of the sediment layer is ideally suited for this purpose. It has a density, to quote various scientific reports, of "cream cheese” or "peanut butter”, and is water-permeated and non-compacted. This sediment layer constitutes an ideal environment for the safe, secure, permanent and affordable disposal of all hazardous waste materials.
  • the sediment is momentarily liquefied by the vibrations of the earthquake, allowing the container to sink further into the sediment layer.
  • the containers being several times denser (or “heavier") will sink steadily into the depths of the sediment layer, as the ocean plate is inexorably subducted back into the mantle of the earth, taking all the hazardous waste with it.
  • This sinking process goes on for approximately 450 miles, for about twenty million years, until the materials are all melted, neutralized and reabsorbed into the magma of the depths of the earth. For radioactive nuclear waste, this is precisely where it came from to begin with.
  • Figure 1 is a side view of a container fabricated according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 2 is an rear end view thereof
  • Figure 3 is a front view thereof.
  • Figure 4 is a quartering perspective view thereof.
  • hazardous waste containers are provided in various, e.g., three basic sizes: small, medium and large, to be selected depending on the type of waste being disposed of.
  • the containers preferably will be cylindrically shaped, approximately ten to thirty feet long, and approximately four to eight feet in diameter. They will hold roughly ten to fifty tons of waste material - a size easily manageable for handling, loading and shipping purposes.
  • the main body of the containers has a cylindrical shape.
  • the front or lower end preferably will have a hemispherical shape.
  • the upper or tail end will be basically flat and will hold the steering vanes and the control elements of the guidance system.
  • hazardous waste containers will be constructed of a mixture of concrete and other materials, and will include reinforcing rods and shredded fiberglass threads throughout the composite forming the containers.
  • the addition of fiberglass fibers substantially strengthens the containers in three dimensions.
  • Concrete unlike many metals, is not adversely affected by prolonged exposure to the potentially corrosive effects of sea water. Concrete containers are also less expensive than metal containers, and less expensive to manufacture.
  • the interior surface of a representative container is lined with thin but durable layer of rubberized fabric to ensure encapsulation of the contents in the unlikely event of small structural cracks.
  • the middle one -third of the cylinder has a slightly tapered waist, similar to an hour glass, or the wasp-waist configuration to facilitate travel through the ocean enroute to the sediment layer of the deep trench.
  • the front or lower end is hemi-spherical with stationary steering vanes to facilitate exact placement of the container.
  • the upper or tail end has flat capping system for secure placement after the container is filled with hazardous waste, and has movable steering vanes that are computer controlled and guided by a GPS and/or INS for exact placement into the sediment layer.
  • the containers optionally include covering almost the entire outer surface with for example one-inch dimples. It is thought that the dimples decrease the adhesion of water to the container, and will allow it to sink in a marine environment offshore safely and at a faster rate. This will facilitate the precision steering of the container on its way down, and will thereby allow for more precise insertion into a submarine sediment layer.
  • the lid In use, after a container is filled with hazardous waste material, the lid will be fastened onto the upper or tail end of the container.
  • the lid will preferably have a reinforced circular flange with a modified tongue-and-groove O-ring for secure closure, and will be fastened to the main cylinder of the container with bolts around the perimeter.
  • the lid will have attached a number, e.g., four steering vanes to provide guidance control as the container falls through the ocean depths on its way into the sediment layer at the bottom of the deep oceanic trenches of the subduction zones.
  • the vanes will be controlled by a battery-powered steering system, which will in turn be directed by an inertial navigation system, the coordinates of which will have been set by a ship-board satellite positioning system before the container is released into the ocean on its journey into the sediment layer of the deep trench.
  • the container will also have stationary steering vanes on the front end to facilitate directional control during its journey to the depths.
  • An inertial navigation system for the individual containers is provided. It is optionally mounted at the tail end of a container.
  • the inertial navigation system (INS) is computer- controlled and battery operated to ensure precise location of container at the exact position into sediment layer of deep trench.
  • the container's INS will be calibrated by the delivery ship's own global positioning satellite system just before deposit into the ocean.
  • the movable tail fin vanes of the container assisted by the stationary fins at the front end of the container, ensure the exact positioning of the container into the sediment layer.
  • the preferred inertial navigation system is more affordable and serviceable for the purposes envisioned, and can be set and activated by a disposal ship over a deep trench. That system will be used to set the inertial navigation system of the containers and provide precise control over the descent of the containers into the sediment layer of the deep trenches. This safely deposits the containers into the sediment with pinpoint accuracy with minimal adverse effect on the environment for the foreseeable future.
  • METHOD OF USE a. Hazardous materials of every sort will be collected at the original producer's location - e.g. a nuclear power plant, a hospital, a university research lab, an industrial plant, etc. b. The hazardous materials will be placed in the disclosed containers for transportation by trained personnel to regional handling sites. c. The hazardous materials will be shredded and otherwise processed so they can be mixed with a concrete (or other) slurry mix, poured into the containers and sealed securely. d. The sealed containers will be transported to several regional coastal gathering sites and held under guard in secure, isolated facilities. e. The containers will be loaded aboard specially modified ships that will make periodic trips, depending on weather and other conditions, to locations above the deep oceanic trenches of the subduction zones. f.
  • each separate container will be tracked and monitored by a security system.
  • Each container will be adequately marked with a computerized bar code system and automatic GPS tracking system, which will monitor and report the exact location and condition of each container.
  • Each container will likewise be equipped with an automatic signaling device that will broadcast notable changes in structural integrity and relative positioning.
  • the inspection and characterization of the waste includes rating the waste in one of the following categories, so that its proper handling is assured: a. Liquid: water-like, capable of flowing and being pumped; b. Sludge: high-viscosity material that may have thixotropic properties - like wet cake mix; c. Semi-solid: sludge with suspended solids; d. Tar: high viscosity, tacky; may have thixotropic properties; e. Solid: hard material that will fracture when high torque is applied. f. Mixed: any of the above, with no one type representing 50%. EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS TO BE MADE - PROVING THE CONCEPT
  • Test cylinders with tracer materials will be used for detecting and observing leakage of any hazardous waste in the unlikely event of any compromise of the structural integrity of the waste containers.
  • a sensor mechanism will be tethered to the test container and will monitor to detect any signs of environmental contamination from the test container.
  • This testing mission may also utilize trace amounts of short-lived radioactive materials to enhance the realism and accuracy of the monitoring test.
  • test cylinders will be deliberately dropped and abused to determine how readily damage may occur, with monitoring sensors sensitive to radiation being utilized to record the results of the testing. Test drops will also be conducted in the deep trenches of the subduction zones to confirm and ascertain the structural integrity of the hazardous waste containers.
  • the monitoring devices will have battery operated signals sent to the disposal ship and to monitoring satellites, relaying periodic ambient radiation reports to the surface monitoring stations.
  • the low level and short half-life of the test material would be safe to the local marine environment.
  • the active radiation level would fall to zero in just a few days' time.
  • Tests have ascertained that any material imbedded in the sediment of the deep ocean trenches that might escape from a waste container simply does not spread further than one or two meters through the sediment layer. Furthermore, the ocean currents at the depths of the deep trenches is literally measured in inches per year - not miles per day, or feet per month. The deep trenches constitute a virtually perfect environment for the safe containment of any kinds of hazardous waste.
  • practice of the invention includes using a slurry mixture of concrete, blended with stamp sands and other materials, to create a medium.
  • the medium will securely contain the radioactive hazardous materials. It will also have a negative electrical valence that will create an automatic chemical bonding between the radioactive waste and the inert slurry mix. This will enhance the stability of the enclosed waste material in the unlikely event of any compromise of the structural integrity of the hazardous waste container.
  • the initial quantity of raw hazardous material will be shredded as necessary to ensure that the physical material can be readily and thoroughly mixed with the concrete slurry to ensure a close bonding between the waste material and the bonding slurry medium.
  • Any solid waste materials such as plumbing, containers, handling equipment et cetera, will be put through an industrial shredder to break down the material into suitable sizes to allow for a complete admixture of the waste materials with the slurry mixture.
  • the mixture is poured into the containers under a vacuum atmosphere to remove any air that may have been included in the mix. Removing any residual air will strengthen the final container mix of waste material, making the whole package more impervious to compression fracture at the depths of the deep trenches.
  • radioactive waste water from nuclear power plants is used to produce the concrete slurry mix. This provides another convenient and efficient opportunity to dispose of additional hazardous waste.
  • contaminated earth is added as part of the concrete slurry mix.
  • Such earth is found at industrial fabrication sites, nuclear power plants, countless temporary radioactive waste storage sites, former nuclear materials handling sites and other similar nuclear- related facilities.
  • Conservative estimates are that there are from 20 to 50 million tons of contaminated earth to dispose of, to protect the environment - in particular, the local and regional water table.
  • the disclosed method ameliorates the task of disposing of this vast quantity of hazardous waste in a manner that is safe, secure, permanent and affordable.
  • a 100' tether that will be attached to the container, with rigid floats at the 25', 50', 15' and 100' marks.
  • Each float will be equipped with a signaling device that will broadcast the exact location and depth of the cylinder, and will enable surface monitors to ascertain the container's precise depth as it is subducted into the sediment layer.
  • the tether will be solid enough not to be crushed but able to float to the surface of the ocean with an inexpensive broadcasting device that will announce the walls' location and the depth, as they are drawn down into the sediment.
  • the flotation devices are expected to withstand the tremendous pressure at the bottom of the trenches, three to five miles below the surface of the ocean.
  • Each float will be equipped with a signaling device that will broadcast its precise depth and location to shipboard monitors.
  • Robotic deep submersibles of the Alvin type can visually monitor the original arrival of the containers at the sediment layer, and will be able to monitor the sink rate at thirty-day intervals. This will validate the safe submersion of the hazardous waste into the sediment layer of the deep trench on its journey into the mantle of the earth.
  • the deep submersion vessels can be contracted to go down and monitor and document in great detail where the container hits, and how it inserts into the sediment. There is great safety and cost advantages in using unmanned robot vessels.
  • Alvin would send back live feed of the landing and insertion of the containers into the slurry. This monitoring by Alvin-type robotic vessels would be done for several of the first containers deposited, to ascertain and verify the safety and accuracy of this disposal method.
  • the floats will continue to broadcast their precise location to the surface. By monitoring the change in depth of the floats, accurate within inches by means of GPS satellite systems, it will be readily possible to determine the sink rate of the containers into the sediment.
  • test cylinder container descends, an observer can measure its depth by the floating balls. He or she can document when they go down from floating to show the elapsed time taken for the containers to become fully submerged into the sediment.
  • the disposal ships are equipped with tracking devices that can measure the distance to mere inches and this reading can be sent via satellite so the containers can be monitored at all the locations of the containers and to what depth they have sunk. The weight of the cylinders will assist in them being fully submerged into the slurry.
  • the disclosed apparatus and method are suitable for the disposal of all types of hazardous waste - nuclear, biologic, chemical, medical and industrial in unlimited quantities. Additionally, there is an almost unlimited need to dispose of major quantities of "normal" domestic waste. In the absence of any significant hazardous materials dangers, it should be possible to dispose of such domestic waste in an affordable manner, in much less expensive containers, into the sediment layer of the same deep oceanic trenches in virtually unlimited quantities. This could take care of all the domestic, urban waste management problems of the majority of the world's population.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Oceanography (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un contenant de déchets dangereux permettant de stocker de manière permanente des déchets dangereux dans des zones en subduction sous-marines. Le contenant de déchets est jeté par-dessus bord d'un navire dans les eaux profondes et descend dans celles-ci avant de pénétrer dans une couche de sédiments d'une zone en subduction. Le contenant de déchet présente une section de paroi généralement cylindrique avec une extrémité avant et une extrémité arrière prolongeant celle-ci. Au moins un élément aileron mobile est porté par l'extrémité arrière pour guider le trajet de descente. Une unité de commande est en communication avec les éléments ailerons et un système de guidage monté à la surface.
PCT/US2012/034179 2011-04-19 2012-04-19 Appareil et procédé de stockage définitif de déchets dangereux WO2012145464A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201161476887P 2011-04-19 2011-04-19
US61/476,887 2011-04-19

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WO2012145464A1 true WO2012145464A1 (fr) 2012-10-26

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2024079143A1 (fr) * 2022-10-11 2024-04-18 Sinkco Labs Compositions et procédés de stockage de carbone à long terme en mer profonde à l'aide d'un pénétrateur à chute libre

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4404666A (en) * 1981-06-02 1983-09-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Quick deployment vehicle
US5245118A (en) * 1992-05-14 1993-09-14 Cole Jr Howard W Collapsible waste disposal container and method of disposal of waste in subduction zone between tectonic plates
US5749312A (en) * 1995-10-11 1998-05-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy System for deploying weapons carried in an annular configuration in a UUV
US6359833B1 (en) * 2001-01-29 2002-03-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Underwater small target weapon
US20040069135A1 (en) * 2000-12-08 2004-04-15 Dean Fowler Rocket launcher system and method for controlling a rocket launcher system

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4404666A (en) * 1981-06-02 1983-09-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Quick deployment vehicle
US5245118A (en) * 1992-05-14 1993-09-14 Cole Jr Howard W Collapsible waste disposal container and method of disposal of waste in subduction zone between tectonic plates
US5749312A (en) * 1995-10-11 1998-05-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy System for deploying weapons carried in an annular configuration in a UUV
US20040069135A1 (en) * 2000-12-08 2004-04-15 Dean Fowler Rocket launcher system and method for controlling a rocket launcher system
US6359833B1 (en) * 2001-01-29 2002-03-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Underwater small target weapon

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2024079143A1 (fr) * 2022-10-11 2024-04-18 Sinkco Labs Compositions et procédés de stockage de carbone à long terme en mer profonde à l'aide d'un pénétrateur à chute libre

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