WO2012145376A2 - Surface wave sensor for downhole applications - Google Patents
Surface wave sensor for downhole applications Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012145376A2 WO2012145376A2 PCT/US2012/034041 US2012034041W WO2012145376A2 WO 2012145376 A2 WO2012145376 A2 WO 2012145376A2 US 2012034041 W US2012034041 W US 2012034041W WO 2012145376 A2 WO2012145376 A2 WO 2012145376A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- transducer
- wave
- generate
- surface wave
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/08—Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/02—Analysing fluids
- G01N29/022—Fluid sensors based on microsensors, e.g. quartz crystal-microbalance [QCM], surface acoustic wave [SAW] devices, tuning forks, cantilevers, flexural plate wave [FPW] devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
Definitions
- This disclosure generally relates to estimating properties of downhole fluids.
- the disclosure relates to analysis of fluids using surface waves.
- Fluid evaluation techniques are well known. Broadly speaking, analysis of fluids may provide valuable data indicative of formation and wellbore parameters. Many fluids, such as formation fluids, production fluids, and drilling fluids, contain a large number of components with a complex composition.
- the complex composition of such fluids may be sensitive to changes in the environment, e.g., pressure changes, temperature changes, contamination, etc. Thus, retrieval of a sample may cause unwanted separation or precipitation within the fluid. Additionally, some components of the fluid may change state (gas to liquid, or liquid to solid) when removed to surface conditions. If precipitation or separation occurs, it may not be possible to restore the original composition of the fluid.
- this disclosure generally relates to analysis of fluids.
- this disclosure relates to analysis of fluids using a device configured to respond to a dissipation of surface waves.
- One embodiment according to the present disclosure includes an apparatus for estimating a parameter of interest of a fluid downhole, comprising: a first transducer responsive to a dissipation of at least one surface wave in the fluid and configured to generate an electrical signal indicative of the parameter of interest.
- Another embodiment according to the present disclosure includes a method of estimating a parameter of interest in a fluid downhole, comprising: estimating the parameter of interest using an electrical signal indicative of a dissipation of at least one surface wave in the fluid, the electrical signal being generated using a first transducer.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic of a fluid analysis module deployed in a borehole along a wireline according to one embodiment of the present disclosure
- Fig. 2 shows a schematic of a fluid analysis module according to one embodiment of the present disclosure
- Fig. 3 shows a schematic of a fluid analysis module according to another embodiment of the present disclosure
- Fig. 4 shows a schematic of a fluid analysis module according to another embodiment of the present disclosure
- Fig. 5 shows a schematic of a fluid analysis module according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Fig. 6 shows a flow chart of a method for analyzing a fluid using a fluid analysis module according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
- This disclosure generally relates to analysis of fluids.
- this disclosure relates to analysis of fluids using a transducer responsive to a dissipation of at least one surface wave and configured to generate an electric signal indicative of the dissipation.
- surface wave relates to a mechanical wave that propagates along the interface between differing media.
- a surface wave may be introduced to a fluid by a transmitter.
- the resulting vibrations may begin to dissipate due to resistance to motion due to the fluid.
- the term "dissipation” relates to damping, reduction, or attenuation of the amplitude or energy of a wave.
- the time and manner of the dissipation may be related to properties of the fluid, such as, but not limited to, viscosity, density, and viscosity-density product.
- a receiver may be configured to generate a signal in response to the dissipation of the surface waves in the fluid.
- the transmitter and receiver may be separate devices or a single device may be configured to operate as transmitter and receiver.
- the surface wave transmitted into the fluid may be, but is not limited to, a square pulse or a sinusoid (continuous or stored in memory).
- the modification of the signal in amplitude, frequency, or phase may be used individually or together to estimate the viscosity and density of the fluid using suitable analytical and empirical models known to those of skill in the art.
- the transmitter may be switched off during a period for the reflected signal from a metal-liquid interface.
- a lamb wave transmitter may include a wedge configured to couple lamb waves with a body in contact with the fluid.
- the term "couple” relates to channeling the energy from a transducer to a structure from which surface waves may propagate.
- the wedge may be configured to reduce undesired wave components.
- a love wave transmitter may use a transducer directed to generate a wave in a thin layer surrounding, at least in part, a solid body in communication with the fluid.
- the solid body may include a crystal, such as, but not limited to, one of: i) an XY-cut quartz crystal, ii) an ST- quartz crystal, and iii) a Y-rotated quartz crystal.
- the thin layer may include a metal configured to act as a waveguide for love waves.
- the love wave transmitter may include a solid body of lithium tantalite with a thin layer that includes silica.
- a Rayleigh wave sensor may include a surface acoustic crystal disposed in the fluid. Transducers that may be used to generate lamb, love, and Rayleigh waves, may also be used to generate flexural plate waves and skimming bulk waves.
- FIG. 1 there is schematically represented a cross-section of a subterranean formation 10 in which is drilled a borehole 12.
- a carrier 14 such as a wireline
- the carrier 14 may be rigid, such as a coiled tube, casing, liners, drill pipe, etc.
- the carrier 14 may be non-rigid, such as wirelines, wireline sondes, slickline sondes, e-lines, drop tools, self-propelled tractors, etc.
- carrier means any device, device component, combination of devices, media and/or member that may be used to convey, house, support, or otherwise facilitate the use of another device, device component, combination of devices, media and/or member.
- the carrier 14 is often carried over a pulley 18 supported by a derrick 20. Wireline deployment and retrieval is performed by a powered winch carried by a service truck 22, for example.
- a control panel 24 interconnected to the downhole assembly 100 through the carrier 14 by conventional means controls transmission of electrical power, data/command signals, and also provides control over operation of the components in the downhole assembly 100. The data may be transmitted in analog or digital form.
- Downhole assembly 100 may include a fluid analysis module 112.
- Downhole assembly 100 may also include a sampling device 110.
- the downhole assembly 100 may be used in a drilling system (not shown) as well as a wireline. While a wireline conveyance system has been shown, it should be understood that embodiments of the present disclosure may be utilized in connection with tools conveyed via rigid carriers (e.g., jointed tubular or coiled tubing) as well as non- rigid carriers (e.g., wireline, slickline, e-line, etc.). Some embodiments of the present disclosure may be deployed along with Logging While Drilling/Measurement While Drilling tools. In some embodiments, downhole assembly 100 may be configured for installation in a borehole 12.
- rigid carriers e.g., jointed tubular or coiled tubing
- non- rigid carriers e.g., wireline, slickline, e-line, etc.
- Some embodiments of the present disclosure may be deployed along with Logging While Drilling/Measurement While Drilling tools.
- downhole assembly 100 may be configured for installation in a borehole 12.
- FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment for a fluid analysis module 112 for testing one or more fluids.
- Fluid analysis module 112 may include an actuator 210 configured to generate waves in a body 230.
- the body 230 may include, at least in part, one of: i) a metal, ii) a ceramic, and iii) a composite material.
- the actuator 210 may generate waves using techniques known to those of skill in the art.
- the actuator 210 may include one or more of: i) a piezoelectric crystal, ii) a fine point contact transducer, iii) an air-coupled ultrasonic transducer, iv) a laser wave generator, and v) a wedge transducer.
- the actuator 210 may be in contact with a wedge 220 configured to couple lamb waves to body 230.
- the wedge may have an angle 225 selected to enhance the coupling of lamb waves to the body.
- the angle 225 may be selected to adjust the degree of coupling of the lamb waves using techniques known to those of skill in the art.
- the body 230 may be positioned within a housing 250 such that part of the body 230 may be in contact with the fluid 240 for analysis.
- body 230 may include multiple sub-bodies (not shown) such that at least one sub-body is in contact with fluid 240, at least one sub-body is in contact with wedge 220, and each of the multiple sub-bodies is in physical communication with at least one other sub-body.
- the dissipation of the lamb wave may be detected by a transducer.
- the actuator 210 may be configured to serve as the transducer and thus receive the dissipating vibrations from the lamb waves in the fluid 240.
- a separate transducer (not shown) may be placed in communication with the lamb waves in the fluid 240 to generate an electrical signal in response to the dissipating waves. The use of a separate transducer may enable wave generation and dissipation measurement to take place simultaneously.
- the actuator 210 may be used to both transmit the surface waves and measure the dissipation of the surface waves, separately.
- fluid analysis module 112 may include multiple transducers disposed to estimate the dissipation of surface waves at several points along housing 250.
- the transducers may be configured to transmit, receive, or transmit/receive.
- the estimates from multiple locations may compensate for variations in dissipation estimates due to differences in environmental conditions along housing 250.
- the environmental conditions may include, but are not limited to, one or more of: i) temperature and ii) pressure.
- one or more of flexural plate waves and skimming bulk waves may be substituted for lamb waves.
- FIG. 3 shows another embodiment for the fluid analysis module
- fluid analysis module 112 may include an electromagnetic transducer (eMAT) 320 configured to generate an alternating magnetic field.
- the eMAT 320 may include a permanent magnet 340 and coil 310.
- the module 112 may include a metallic plate 330 positioned in wave communication with fluid 240 under investigation.
- the metallic plate 330 may be configured to generate lamb waves and/or love waves when exposed to the magnetic field from magnetic field source 320.
- the magnetic field source 320 may include an electromagnet coil.
- the eMAT 320 may include one or more of: i) a permanent magnet, ii) an array of permanent magnets, iii) a DC electromagnet, and iv) a pulsed current electromagnet.
- the dissipation of the wave may be detected by vibrations of the fluid causing vibrations in metallic plate 330.
- the dissipation of the waves may be estimated from an electrical signal generated by the magnetic field interaction between the metallic plate and the magnetic field source 320.
- a separate transducer (not shown) may be in communication with the fluid 240 to estimate the dissipation of the surface waves in the fluid 240. The use of a separate transducer may enable wave generation and dissipation measurement to take place simultaneously.
- the magnetic field source 320 may be used to both transmit the surface waves and measure the dissipation of the surface waves, separately.
- the magnetic field source 320 may use a duty cycle where the transmission aspect of magnetic field source 320 is active to transmit and inactive to receive.
- one or more of flexural plate waves and skimming bulk waves may be substituted for lamb/love waves.
- FIG. 4 shows another embodiment for the fluid analysis module
- This embodiment may be configured to generate a Rayleigh wave using a surface acoustic wave (SAW) crystal 410 as a transducer.
- the SAW crystal 410 may include an interdigitated transducer 450 configured to excite a surface wave in a crystal 460.
- the fluid analysis module 112 may include a SAW crystal 410 disposed within the fluid 240.
- the SAW crystal 410 may be disposed in a holder 420 to insulate the SAW crystal 410 from the housing 250.
- the SAW crystal 410 may further have patterns on its surface which can be used to perform additional measurements of density of the fluid.
- the crystal 460 may include a piezoelectric crystal that may be configured to generate a Rayleigh wave, such as by being cut along a specific plane of the piezoelectric crystal. Techniques for cutting crystals to generate different types of waves are known to those of skill in the art.
- the crystal 460 may include, but is not limited to, one or more of: quartz, langasite, GaP0 4 , and lithium niobiate.
- the interdigitated transducer 450 may be configured to convert acoustic waves into electric signals and vice versa.
- the dissipation of the wave may be detected by vibrations of the fluid causing vibrations in SAW crystal 410.
- the dissipation of the waves may be estimated from an electrical signal generated due to the vibrations in the SAW crystal 410.
- a sound speed sensor 430 may be configured to estimate the speed of sound in the fluid 240 and/or compressibility of the fluid 240.
- the sound speed sensor 430 may be separated from the fluid by a metallic plate 440.
- the sound speed sensor 430 may include an ultrasonic transducer.
- a separate transducer (not shown) may be in communication with the fluid 240 to estimate the dissipation of the surface waves in the fluid 240.
- the use of a separate transducer may enable wave generation and dissipation measurement to take place simultaneously.
- the SAW crystal 410 may be used to both transmit the surface waves and measure the dissipation of the surface waves, separately.
- the SAW crystal 410 may use a duty cycle where the transmission aspect of SAW crystal 410 is active to transmit and inactive to receive.
- one or more of flexural plate waves and skimming bulk waves may be substituted for Rayleigh waves.
- a SAW crystal 410 is a shear-horizontal SAW crystal, wherein the crystal may be configured to generate surface waves with a shear-horizontal propagation.
- the shear-horizontal SAW crystal may be configured to concentrate wave energy on the surface in contact with lower attenuation than a bulk acoustic wave sensor.
- FIG. 5 shows another embodiment for the fluid analysis module
- the fluid analysis module 112 may include a SAW crystal 510 in contact with the fluid 240.
- the SAW crystal 510 may also be in contact with a compensator 520.
- the compensator 520 may be configured to reduce a pressure difference between the fluid side 530 of the SAW crystal 510 and the compensated side 540 of the SAW crystal 510.
- the use of pressure compensator 520 may reduce the thickness of SAW crystal 510 used in high pressure fluids, since the differential pressure across the SAW crystal 510 may be maintained within a range which is not detrimental to the SAW crystal 510.
- the compensator 520 may be disposed in housing 250.
- the compensator 520 may include a pressurized fluid.
- the compensator 520 may include a mechanical compensation device, such as, but not limited to, a piston or a mechanical spring.
- the dissipation of the wave may be detected by vibrations of the fluid causing vibrations in SAW crystal 510.
- the dissipation of the waves may be estimated from an electrical signal generated due to the vibrations in the SAW crystal 510.
- a separate transducer (not shown) may be in communication with the fluid 240 to estimate the dissipation of the surface waves in the fluid 240. The use of a separate transducer may enable wave generation and dissipation measurement to take place simultaneously.
- the SAW crystal 510 may be used to both transmit the surface waves and measure the dissipation of the surface waves, separately.
- the SAW crystal 510 may use a duty cycle where the transmission aspect of SAW crystal 510 is active to transmit and inactive to receive.
- one or more of flexural plate waves and skimming bulk waves may be substituted for Rayleigh waves.
- FIG. 6 shows a flow chart of a method 600 for estimating fluid properties in the fluid 240 using embodiments of the fluid analysis module 112.
- a surface wave may be introduced to the fluid 240.
- an electrical signal may be generated by a transducer in module 112 in response to the dissipation of the surface wave in the fluid 240.
- the transducer responsive to the dissipation of the surface waves may be the actuator 210, coil 310, SAW crystal 410, SAW crystal 510, or a separate transducer (not shown).
- at least one fluid property may be estimated using the electrical signal.
- the at least one fluid property may include, but is not limited to, at least one of: i) viscosity, ii) density, and iii) density-viscosity product.
- step 630 may include using information from an additional sensor, such as a sound speed sensor.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB1313168.5A GB2503361A (en) | 2011-04-21 | 2012-04-18 | Surface wave sensor for downhole applications |
BR112013026188A BR112013026188A2 (en) | 2011-04-21 | 2012-04-18 | surface wave sensor for downhole applications |
NO20131034A NO20131034A1 (en) | 2011-04-21 | 2013-07-24 | Surface wave sensor for borehole applications |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201161477864P | 2011-04-21 | 2011-04-21 | |
US61/477,864 | 2011-04-21 | ||
US13/449,057 US20120266668A1 (en) | 2011-04-21 | 2012-04-17 | Surface Wave Sensor for Downhole Applications |
US13/449,057 | 2012-04-17 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2012145376A2 true WO2012145376A2 (en) | 2012-10-26 |
WO2012145376A3 WO2012145376A3 (en) | 2013-01-31 |
Family
ID=47020227
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2012/034041 WO2012145376A2 (en) | 2011-04-21 | 2012-04-18 | Surface wave sensor for downhole applications |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20120266668A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112013026188A2 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2503361A (en) |
NO (1) | NO20131034A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012145376A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106639945A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-05-10 | 广汉市思科信达科技有限公司 | Processing system of down-hole low frequency acoustic wave |
CN107703545A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2018-02-16 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | A kind of 3-component earthquake slot wave wave field separation method and system |
US11378708B2 (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2022-07-05 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Downhole fluid density and viscosity sensor based on ultrasonic plate waves |
CN114185093B (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2023-05-12 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Near-surface velocity model building method and device based on Rayleigh surface wave inversion |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20040133348A1 (en) * | 2001-05-21 | 2004-07-08 | Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh | Surface acoustic wave sensor |
US20080125974A1 (en) * | 2006-11-29 | 2008-05-29 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Electro-magnetic acoustic measurements combined with acoustic wave analysis |
US20090105957A1 (en) * | 2007-10-23 | 2009-04-23 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Measurement of sound speed of downhole fluid utilizing tube waves |
US20090183941A1 (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2009-07-23 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Enclosures for containing transducers and electronics on a downhole tool |
Family Cites Families (15)
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US5283037A (en) * | 1988-09-29 | 1994-02-01 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Chemical sensor utilizing a surface transverse wave device |
US5661233A (en) * | 1996-03-26 | 1997-08-26 | Sandia Corporation | Acoustic-wave sensor apparatus for analyzing a petroleum-based composition and sensing solidification of constituents therein |
DE19630890A1 (en) * | 1996-07-31 | 1998-02-05 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Surface wave liquid sensor |
US5836203A (en) * | 1996-10-21 | 1998-11-17 | Sandia Corporation | Magnetically excited flexural plate wave apparatus |
ATE213834T1 (en) * | 1997-06-13 | 2002-03-15 | Brose Fahrzeugteile | MEASURING PHYSICAL OR TECHNICAL VALUES OF VISCOUS MEDIA USING RAYLEIGH WAVES |
DE19850803A1 (en) * | 1998-11-04 | 2000-05-11 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Sensor arrangement and a method for determining the density and viscosity of a liquid |
GB9925373D0 (en) * | 1999-10-27 | 1999-12-29 | Schlumberger Ltd | Downhole instrumentation and cleaning system |
WO2002093126A2 (en) * | 2001-05-15 | 2002-11-21 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Method and apparatus for downhole fluid characterization using flxural mechanical resonators |
US6955787B1 (en) * | 2003-10-11 | 2005-10-18 | William Paynter Hanson | Integrated biological and chemical sensors |
DE112004002772T5 (en) * | 2004-04-22 | 2007-03-15 | Biode, Inc. | Measurements of density and viscoelasticity using a single acoustic wave sensor |
US7263874B2 (en) * | 2005-06-08 | 2007-09-04 | Bioscale, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for determining properties of a fluid |
GB0711994D0 (en) * | 2007-06-21 | 2007-08-01 | Foundation For Res And Technol | Molecular Conformation Biosensing |
FR2925696B1 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2011-05-06 | Senseor | SURFACE WAVE PASSIVE SENSOR COMPRISING AN INTEGRATED ANTENNA AND MEDICAL APPLICATIONS USING THIS TYPE OF PASSIVE SENSOR |
US7878044B2 (en) * | 2008-02-22 | 2011-02-01 | Delaware Capital Formation, Inc. | Sensor, system, and method, for measuring fluid properties using multi-mode quasi-shear-horizontal resonator |
FR2981755B1 (en) * | 2011-10-21 | 2013-11-15 | Univ Nancy 1 Henri Poincare | METHOD FOR QUICKLY QUERYING A PASSIVE SENSOR, ESPECIALLY SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE TYPE, AND SYSTEM FOR MEASURING THE CLEAN FREQUENCY OF SUCH A SENSOR |
-
2012
- 2012-04-17 US US13/449,057 patent/US20120266668A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-04-18 WO PCT/US2012/034041 patent/WO2012145376A2/en active Application Filing
- 2012-04-18 GB GB1313168.5A patent/GB2503361A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-04-18 BR BR112013026188A patent/BR112013026188A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2013
- 2013-07-24 NO NO20131034A patent/NO20131034A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20040133348A1 (en) * | 2001-05-21 | 2004-07-08 | Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh | Surface acoustic wave sensor |
US20090183941A1 (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2009-07-23 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Enclosures for containing transducers and electronics on a downhole tool |
US20080125974A1 (en) * | 2006-11-29 | 2008-05-29 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Electro-magnetic acoustic measurements combined with acoustic wave analysis |
US20090105957A1 (en) * | 2007-10-23 | 2009-04-23 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Measurement of sound speed of downhole fluid utilizing tube waves |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO20131034A1 (en) | 2013-09-02 |
WO2012145376A3 (en) | 2013-01-31 |
US20120266668A1 (en) | 2012-10-25 |
GB201313168D0 (en) | 2013-09-04 |
BR112013026188A2 (en) | 2019-09-24 |
GB2503361A (en) | 2013-12-25 |
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