Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
  • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
  • G01V3/08—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
  • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
  • G01V3/18—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging
  • G01V3/30—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging operating with electromagnetic waves
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
  • G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
  • G06F1/28—Supervision thereof, e.g. detecting power-supply failure by out of limits supervision
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
  • G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
  • G06F1/32—Means for saving power
  • G06F1/3203—Power management, i.e. event-based initiation of a power-saving mode
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
  • Y02D10/00—Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management

Definitions

• Figure 1 shows an illustrative logging while drilling environment
• Figure 2 shows an illustrative wireline logging environment
• Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applicable to horizontal, vertical, deviated, or otherwise nonlinear wellbores in any type of subterranean formation. Embodiments may be applicable to injection wells as well as production wells, including hydrocarbon wells. Embodiments may be implemented using a tool that is made suitable for testing, retrieval and sampling along sections of the formation. Embodiments may be implemented with tools that, for example, may be conveyed through a flow passage in tubular string or using a wireline, slickline, coiled tubing, downhole robot or the like.
• Couple or “couples,” as used herein are intended to mean either an indirect or direct connection. Thus, if a first device couples to a second device, that connection may be through a direct connection, or through an indirect electrical connection via other devices and connections.
• uphole as used herein means along the drillstring or the hole from the distal end towards the surface
• downhole as used herein means along the drillstring or the hole from the surface towards the distal end.
• oil well drilling equipment or “oil well drilling system” is not intended to limit the use of the equipment and processes described with those terms to drilling an oil well. The terms also encompass drilling natural gas wells or hydrocarbon wells in general.
• the present application discloses a method for estimating the near wellbore apparent formation water resistivity and dielectric constant from the direct HFDT measurements and electromagnetic properties and formation temperature measured by temperature sensors. Once the apparent formation water dielectric and resistivity are known, the formation porosity may be accurately determined by applying the CRIM calculations.
• a drilling platform 2 supports a derrick 4 having a traveling block 6 for raising and lowering a drill string 8.
• a kelly 10 supports the drill string 8 as it is lowered through a rotary table 12.
• a drill bit 14 is driven by a downhole motor and/or rotation of the drill string 8. As bit 14 rotates, it creates a borehole 16 that passes through various formations 18.
• a pump 20 may circulate drilling fluid through a feed pipe 22 to kelly 10, downhole through the interior of drill string 8, through orifices in drill bit 14, back to the surface via the annulus around drill string 8, and into a retention pit 24.
• the drill string 8 may be removed from the borehole as shown in Figure 2.
• logging operations can be conducted using a wireline logging tool 34, i.e., a sensing instrument sonde suspended by a cable having conductors for transporting power to the tool and telemetry from the tool to the surface.
• the HFDT portion of the logging tool 34 may be decentralized with caliper arms to ensure that the measurement pad is in contact with the borehole wall.
• Eq. (2) is a complex expression.
• Eq. (2) if the formation water is not from the drilling mud, then the CRIM equation has three unknowns: (1) the porosity; (2) the water resistivity; and (3) the water dielectric constant.
• One approach proposed by the prior art is to express each complex term in Eq. (1) in terms of its real and imaginary parts and obtain two equations by equating the real and imaginary parts of each side. However, this method may not be well-conditioned and may produce multiple solutions in some circumstances.
• Eq. (2) an assumption is applied in Eq. (2) that the water residing in the porosity comes from the drilling mud and its resistivity and dielectric constant can be measured directly from surface measurements.
• the water is a mixture of mud filtrate and original formation water near wellbore and hence the complex dielectric constant of this water mixture in the near wellbore may not be equal to ⁇ MF .
• Eq. (2) may not produce the correct formation porosity.
• the near wellbore water can be a mixture of mud filtrate, original formation water and water that has been injected from nearby wells in, for example, a water flooded reservoir.
• Figure 3 depicts an example of the effect of high salinity formation mixing with mud filtrate on HFDT porosity.
• the solid line shows the estimated HFDT porosity in accordance with the prior art using mud filtrate dielectric constant and resistivity as obtained from surface measurements.
• the dotted line shows an independent measurement of porosity that may be obtained by, for example, a neutron tool.
• the existence of saline formation water causes the HFDT porosity of Eq. (2) to overestimate true porosity.
• the empirical functions of / reflected in Eq. (6) are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art and commonly used in the industry and will therefore not be discussed in detail herein. For instance, a discussion of the empirical functions of / may be found in Stogryn, A., EQUATIONS FOR CALCULATING THE DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF SALINE WATER, IEEE Trans, on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 19 No. 8, pp.
• the formation loss tangent may also be derived from the HFDT measurements as where R mea s_Form -> an( ⁇ S meas_Form are the formation apparent resistivity and the dielectric constant measured by HFDT, respectively.
• the relaxation loss of dry formation matrices is much smaller than the relaxation loss of water. Accordingly, neglecting the formation matrix's relaxation loss, the measured formation loss tangent should be equal to the formation water loss tangent, and may be represented as:
• the environment factor, Q may be obtained by calibration.
• Equation (6) may be substituted into Equation (9) to derive an equation of R w , as expressed by Equation (10),

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Remote Sensing (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Geology (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Geophysics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
• Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
• Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)

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• 2011
  • 2011-04-18 WO PCT/US2011/032877 patent/WO2012144979A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2011-04-18 CA CA2940755A patent/CA2940755A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2011-04-18 EP EP11717855.8A patent/EP2699945B1/en not_active Not-in-force
  • 2011-04-18 AU AU2011366231A patent/AU2011366231B2/en not_active Ceased
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  • 2011-09-26 US US14/110,803 patent/US9335433B2/en active Active
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  • 2011-09-26 CA CA2833240A patent/CA2833240C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2011-09-26 EP EP20110764935 patent/EP2699946B1/en not_active Not-in-force
  • 2011-09-26 AU AU2011366201A patent/AU2011366201B2/en not_active Ceased
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• 2012
  • 2012-09-21 US US13/624,047 patent/US8698502B2/en active Active
• 2013
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