WO2012142806A1 - Method and device for gold immune quantitative detection on basis of inbuilt ccd image acquisition - Google Patents

Method and device for gold immune quantitative detection on basis of inbuilt ccd image acquisition Download PDF

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WO2012142806A1
WO2012142806A1 PCT/CN2011/078674 CN2011078674W WO2012142806A1 WO 2012142806 A1 WO2012142806 A1 WO 2012142806A1 CN 2011078674 W CN2011078674 W CN 2011078674W WO 2012142806 A1 WO2012142806 A1 WO 2012142806A1
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ccd image
image acquisition
embedded
gold
test strip
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PCT/CN2011/078674
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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杜民
姜海燕
李玉榕
曾念寅
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福州大学
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/8483—Investigating reagent band

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of quantitative detection of gold immunoassay strips, in particular to a gold immunological quantitative detection method and device based on embedded CCD image acquisition. Background technique
  • GICA Gold Immunochromatographic Assay
  • Tumor marker series such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), prostate specific antigen (PSA), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), etc.
  • myocardial infarction series such as cardiac troponin I (Tn-1) , cardiac troponin ( ⁇ - ⁇ ), creatine phosphokinase cardiac isoenzyme (CK-MB), etc.
  • drug series such as amphetamine
  • AMP human chorionic gonadotropin
  • LH luteinizing hormone
  • the naked eye is used for interpretation.
  • the color of the test strip is relatively fuzzy, when the noise signal is relatively large, it is easy to misjudge or miss the judgment, causing unnecessary disputes.
  • the clinical application range and efficacy evaluation of the test strips are limited due to the inability to quantify.
  • gold immunochromatography mainly uses photoelectric reflection and image acquisition.
  • the main disadvantages in photoelectric reflection are: (1) Photoelectric reflective optical system is more complicated and the adjustment is more troublesome; (2) Detection of the placement of the test strip Strict requirements.
  • image acquisition gold immunoassay the device is light and easy to adjust, but The pre-image feature quantity selection is mostly analyzed by data algorithm with gray value, and the detection precision is not as good as photoelectric reflection type. Summary of the invention
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and provide a gold immunological quantitative detection method and device based on embedded CCD image acquisition, and the method and the device are not only beneficial for improving the detection precision of the gold immunoassay strip concentration quantitative detection, Easy to operate, good results.
  • a method for quantitatively detecting gold immunoassay based on embedded CCD image acquisition comprising: the following steps:
  • the CCD image acquisition device extracts CCD image information of the test strip, and transmits the CCD image information to a digital signal processing unit;
  • the CCD image sensor is driven by a programmable array unit.
  • the digital signal processing unit performs feature extraction on the CCD image information: establishing a color histogram and performing color feature extraction to obtain a feature vector 1; establishing a chromaticity space model, and using the chromaticity space formula to describe the test a chromaticity curve of the strip, calculating a mean value of the chrominance curve detection area and the background area as the feature vector 2;
  • the embedded microprocessor performs preliminary classification on the extracted characteristic parameters, and initially determines whether the detection is valid, and if it fails, prompts the detection to be invalid and re-detects;
  • the embedded microprocessor uses the characteristic parameter as an input end of a machine learning algorithm fitting model of the digital signal processing unit, and uses a machine learning algorithm to fit the concentration model, and calculates an output concentration value and a related quantitative analysis result.
  • the invention also provides a gold immunometric detection device based on embedded CCD image acquisition, which comprises: a CCD image acquisition device, an embedded microprocessor and a digital signal processing unit connected to the embedded microprocessor, The programmable array unit, the photoelectric sensing and LED brightness adjusting device, the timer, the storage unit and the user interface unit; the gold immunometric detecting device drives the CCD image sensor by using a programmable array unit.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the digital image of the gold immunoassay strip is collected by the CCD image acquisition device, and the characteristic parameters of the image are extracted by the dual CPU mode of the embedded ARM microprocessor and the digital signal processing unit.
  • the machine learning algorithm is used to realize the quantitative detection of the target analyte concentration.
  • the statistical color model and the chromaticity space model are used to select the feature vector to more accurately express the spectral information of the test strip image, thereby improving the spectral information.
  • the fitting accuracy of the machine learning algorithm improves the detection accuracy of quantitative detection of gold immunoassay strips.
  • 1 is a flow chart showing the operation of the method of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a view showing the result of the CCD image pickup device of the embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • the invention is based on the gold immunological quantitative detection method of embedded CCD image acquisition, as shown in Fig. 1, comprising the following steps:
  • the CCD image acquisition device extracts CCD image information of the test strip, and transmits the CCD image information to a digital signal processing unit;
  • the CCD image sensor is driven by a programmable array unit.
  • the digital signal processing unit performs feature extraction on the CCD image information: establishing a color histogram and performing color feature extraction to obtain a feature vector 1; establishing a chromaticity space model, and using the chromaticity space formula to describe the test a chromaticity curve of the strip, calculating a mean value of the chrominance curve detection area and the background area as the feature vector 2;
  • the embedded microprocessor performs preliminary classification on the extracted characteristic parameters, and initially determines whether the detection is valid, and if it fails, prompts the detection to be invalid and re-detects;
  • the embedded microprocessor uses the characteristic parameter as an input end of a machine learning algorithm fitting model of the digital signal processing unit, and uses a machine learning algorithm to fit the concentration model, and calculates an output concentration value and a related quantitative analysis result.
  • the embedded microprocessor will also calculate the concentration value, chromaticity curve
  • the line is displayed on the LCD screen, and the control LED is lit, indicating that the test has been completed, asking if the result needs to be printed. If you need to print, use a micro printer to print the results.
  • the original sample is effectively described by extracting a feature vector with a relatively low dimensionality for input of a machine learning algorithm model.
  • the CCD image acquisition device takes CCD technology as the core and directly senses the three components of color G and B, which makes the three primary color model play an important role.
  • the gray value of the pixel is often used.
  • the color space of the test area is determined by the light absorption and reflection characteristics of the enriched nano gold particles, and within a certain concentration range, and the amount of the enriched nano gold particles (ie antigen or antibody concentration) is proportional.
  • the present invention adopts two model spaces, a statistical color model and a chrominance-like space model, when selecting a feature vector.
  • the invention relates to a gold immunological quantitative detecting device based on embedded CCD image acquisition, as shown in FIG. 2, comprising a CCD image capturing device 1, an embedded microprocessor 2 and a digital signal processing unit 3 connected to the embedded microprocessor 2
  • the CCD image sensor in the gold immunoassay device is driven by a programmable array unit 6.
  • the embedded microprocessor 2 is an embedded ARM microprocessor.
  • the A-microprocessor is used as the information processing platform to form the dual-CPU mode of the embedded ARM microprocessor and digital signal processing unit.
  • the main CPU is an ARM microprocessor, which is used for management scheduling such as keyboard control, LCD liquid crystal display, and network communication.
  • the CPU is a digital signal processing unit, which is specially used to complete complex image feature extraction and multi-variable nonlinear model fitting algorithms.
  • the CCD image capturing device 1 includes a light shielding black box 16, a test strip placement seat 14, a CCD mounting bracket 15, and a CCD camera 11, a CCD lens 12, and an LED array light source 13 provided on the CCD mounting bracket 15. composition.
  • the above photoelectric sensing and LED brightness adjusting device 7 is composed of a photoelectric sensing device and an LED brightness adjusting device group
  • the photo-sensing device is configured to detect whether the CCD image capturing device has been placed in a sampled test strip, and the LED brightness adjusting device is configured to adjust the brightness of the LED array light source.
  • the optimal response time set by the device controls the digital image acquisition time of the test strip.
  • the above storage unit 5 includes FLASH and SDRAM.
  • the above user interface unit 4 includes an LCD liquid crystal screen, a micro printer, and an LED indicator, a communication interface, a keyboard, and the like.
  • the LCD screen is used to display the results of the inspection and to depict the brilliance curve.
  • Micro printers are used to print density values and related information.
  • the LED indicator is used to indicate the completion of the test or other prompt information.

Abstract

A method and device for gold immune quantitative detection on basis of inbuilt CCD image acquisition. The method comprises the following steps: 1) placing a test strip into a CCD image acquisition device, and a timer beginning to time upon detecting that the test strip is placed; 2) when timing time is up, extracting CCD image information of the test strip and transmitting the information to a digital signal processing unit; 3) performing de-noising preprocessing; 4) extracting a color characteristic vector 1 of a color histogram and a characteristic vector 2 of a chromaticity-space-like model; 5) preliminarily determining whether the detection is valid; and 6) using the characteristic vectors as an input end of a machine learning fitting algorithm model, using a machine learning algorithm to fit a concentration model, and calculating and outputting a related quantitative analysis result. The device comprises a CCD image acquisition device, an inbuilt microprocessor, a digital signal processing unit, a programmable array unit, a photoelectric sensing and LED luminance regulating device, a timer, a storage unit and a user interface unit.

Description

基于嵌入式 CCD图像采集的金免疫定量检测方法及装置  Gold immunological quantitative detection method and device based on embedded CCD image acquisition
技术领域 Technical field
本发明涉及金免疫试条定量检测技术领域，特别是一种基于嵌入式 CCD图像 采集的金免疫定量检测方法及装置。 背景技术  The invention relates to the technical field of quantitative detection of gold immunoassay strips, in particular to a gold immunological quantitative detection method and device based on embedded CCD image acquisition. Background technique
金免疫层析法 ( Gold Immunochromatographic assay, GICA)是一禾中将胶体 金标记技术、免疫检测技术和层析分析技术等多种技术结合在一起的固相标记免 疫检测技术。 由于金标记技术与同位素、 荧光素、 化学发光等标记技术相比，具 有检测效率高、 方法简便、 无污染、 试剂稳定、 适用于单人份测定等独特优势， 近几年该技术发展迅速， 应用范围日益扩大， 几乎涵盖了免疫学诊断检测的所有 方面。  Gold Immunochromatographic Assay (GICA) is a solid phase labeling immunoassay technology that combines various techniques such as colloidal gold labeling, immunoassay and chromatographic analysis. Compared with the marking techniques such as isotope, fluorescein and chemiluminescence, the gold labeling technology has the unique advantages of high detection efficiency, simple method, no pollution, stable reagents, and suitable for single-part determination. In recent years, the technology has developed rapidly. The range of applications is expanding, covering almost all aspects of immunological diagnostic testing.
目前金免疫层析的测定项目包括： 肿瘤标志物系列如甲胎蛋白（AFP)、 前列 腺特异抗原 （PSA)、 癌胚抗原 (CEA)等； 心梗系列如心肌钙蛋白 I (Tn— 1)、 心肌 钙蛋白 Τ (Τη— Τ)、 肌酸磷酸激酶心脏同功酶 (CK一 MB)等； 毒品系列如安非他明 Current gold immunochromatographic assays include: Tumor marker series such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), prostate specific antigen (PSA), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), etc.; myocardial infarction series such as cardiac troponin I (Tn-1) , cardiac troponin (Τη-Τ), creatine phosphokinase cardiac isoenzyme (CK-MB), etc.; drug series such as amphetamine
(AMP) , 可卡因 (C0C)、 吗啡 (0PI)等； 激素系列如人绒毛膜促性腺素 (HCG)、 促黄 体激素 (LH)等。 近年来迅速发展的测定项目包括： SARS病毒重组核壳蛋白胶体 金试纸条研制和临床验证； 农产品食品安全的检测如黄曲霉毒素 Bl ( AFB1)—— 黄曲霉菌和寄生曲霉菌的二次代谢产物； 除草剂的检测； 植物烟花叶病的检测等 等。 由于目前金免疫试条主要靠肉眼，根据试条呈色后的深浅进行判读， 无法得 到一个定量的结果。 因此， 在一些免疫层析的定性检测如毒品的判读， 采用肉眼 判读， 当试条显色比较模糊时， 噪声信号比较大时， 很容易误判或漏判， 引起不 必要的纠纷。 而在一些定量的检测中， 由于无法定量， 使试条的临床应用范围及 疗效评价受到了限制。 (AMP), cocaine (C0C), morphine (0PI), etc.; hormone series such as human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), luteinizing hormone (LH), etc. The rapid development of measurement projects in recent years include: development and clinical validation of SARS virus recombinant nucleocapsid colloidal gold test strips; food safety testing of agricultural products such as aflatoxin Bl (AFB1) - secondary to Aspergillus flavus and parasitic Aspergillus Metabolites; detection of herbicides; detection of plant fireworks leaf diseases, etc. Since the current gold immunoassay strip is mainly based on the naked eye, it is impossible to obtain a quantitative result based on the interpretation of the depth of the test strip. Therefore, in the qualitative detection of some immunochromatography, such as the interpretation of drugs, the naked eye is used for interpretation. When the color of the test strip is relatively fuzzy, when the noise signal is relatively large, it is easy to misjudge or miss the judgment, causing unnecessary disputes. In some quantitative tests, the clinical application range and efficacy evaluation of the test strips are limited due to the inability to quantify.
目前金免疫层析定量主要采用光电反射和图像采集两种方式，在光电反射式 中主要缺点： （1 )光电反射式光学系统较复杂， 且调节比较麻烦； （2)检测对试 条的放置要求严格。 在图像采集式金免疫检测中， 装置较轻便， 易于调节， 但目 前图像特征量选取多以灰度值进行数据算法分析， 检测精度不及光电反射式。 发明内容 At present, gold immunochromatography mainly uses photoelectric reflection and image acquisition. The main disadvantages in photoelectric reflection are: (1) Photoelectric reflective optical system is more complicated and the adjustment is more troublesome; (2) Detection of the placement of the test strip Strict requirements. In image acquisition gold immunoassay, the device is light and easy to adjust, but The pre-image feature quantity selection is mostly analyzed by data algorithm with gray value, and the detection precision is not as good as photoelectric reflection type. Summary of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种基于嵌入式 CCD图像采集 的金免疫定量检测方法及装置，该方法及装置不仅有利于提高金免疫试条浓度定 量检测的检测精度， 而且易于操作， 使用效果好。  The object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and provide a gold immunological quantitative detection method and device based on embedded CCD image acquisition, and the method and the device are not only beneficial for improving the detection precision of the gold immunoassay strip concentration quantitative detection, Easy to operate, good results.
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案是： 一种基于嵌入式 CCD图像采集的金 免疫定量检测方法， 其特征在于： 包括以下步骤：  In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is: A method for quantitatively detecting gold immunoassay based on embedded CCD image acquisition, comprising: the following steps:
( 1 ) 将加样好的金免疫试条放入 CCD图像采集装置， 光电感应装置探测到 已放置试条， 计时器开始计时；  (1) Put the sampled gold immunoassay strip into the CCD image acquisition device, and the photoelectric sensor device detects that the test strip has been placed, and the timer starts to count;
( 2 ) 计时时间到， 所述 CCD图像采集装置提取所述试条的 CCD图像信息， 并将所述 CCD图像信息传输到数字信号处理单元；  (2) timing time is up, the CCD image acquisition device extracts CCD image information of the test strip, and transmits the CCD image information to a digital signal processing unit;
( 3 ) 采用可编程阵列单元驱动 CCD图像传感器。  (3) The CCD image sensor is driven by a programmable array unit.
( 4 ) 所述数字信号处理单元对所述 CCD图像信息进行特征提取： 建立颜色 直方图并进行颜色特征提取， 得到特征矢量 1 ; 建立类色度空间模型， 并利用类 色度空间公式描绘试条的类色度曲线，计算所述类色度曲线检测区和背景区的均 值， 作为特征矢量 2 ;  (4) The digital signal processing unit performs feature extraction on the CCD image information: establishing a color histogram and performing color feature extraction to obtain a feature vector 1; establishing a chromaticity space model, and using the chromaticity space formula to describe the test a chromaticity curve of the strip, calculating a mean value of the chrominance curve detection area and the background area as the feature vector 2;
( 5 ) 嵌入式微处理器对提取的所述特征参量进行初步分类， 初步判断该次 检测是否有效， 如果失效， 提示本次检测失效， 重新检测；  (5) The embedded microprocessor performs preliminary classification on the extracted characteristic parameters, and initially determines whether the detection is valid, and if it fails, prompts the detection to be invalid and re-detects;
( 6 ) 嵌入式微处理器将所述特征参量作为所述数字信号处理单元的机器学 习算法拟合模型的输入端，采用机器学习算法拟合浓度模型， 计算输出浓度值及 相关定量分析结果。  (6) The embedded microprocessor uses the characteristic parameter as an input end of a machine learning algorithm fitting model of the digital signal processing unit, and uses a machine learning algorithm to fit the concentration model, and calculates an output concentration value and a related quantitative analysis result.
本发明还提供了一种基于嵌入式 CCD图像采集的金免疫定量检测装置，其特 征在于： 包括 CCD图像采集装置、嵌入式微处理器以及与所述嵌入式微处理器相 连接的数字信号处理单元、 可编程阵列单元、 光电感应及 LED亮度调节装置、计 时器、存储单元和用户接口单元； 所述金免疫定量检测装置采用可编程阵列单元 驱动 CCD图像传感器。  The invention also provides a gold immunometric detection device based on embedded CCD image acquisition, which comprises: a CCD image acquisition device, an embedded microprocessor and a digital signal processing unit connected to the embedded microprocessor, The programmable array unit, the photoelectric sensing and LED brightness adjusting device, the timer, the storage unit and the user interface unit; the gold immunometric detecting device drives the CCD image sensor by using a programmable array unit.
本发明的有益效果是采用 CCD图像采集装置采集金免疫试条数字图像，通过 嵌入式 ARM微处理器与数字信号处理单元的双 CPU模式提取图像的特征参量，采 用机器学习算法实现对目标被检物浓度的定量检测， 同时， 采取统计颜色模型和 类色度空间模型两个模型空间来选取特征矢量，更加准确地表达试条图像的光谱 信息， 从而提高了机器学习算法的拟合精度， 提高了金免疫试条浓度定量检测的 检测精度。 The invention has the beneficial effects that the digital image of the gold immunoassay strip is collected by the CCD image acquisition device, and the characteristic parameters of the image are extracted by the dual CPU mode of the embedded ARM microprocessor and the digital signal processing unit. The machine learning algorithm is used to realize the quantitative detection of the target analyte concentration. At the same time, the statistical color model and the chromaticity space model are used to select the feature vector to more accurately express the spectral information of the test strip image, thereby improving the spectral information. The fitting accuracy of the machine learning algorithm improves the detection accuracy of quantitative detection of gold immunoassay strips.
下面结合附图及具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。 附图说明  The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. DRAWINGS
图 1是本发明实施例的方法的工作流程图。  1 is a flow chart showing the operation of the method of the embodiment of the present invention.
图 2是本发明实施例的装置的结构示意图。  2 is a schematic structural view of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图 3是本发明实施例的 CCD图像采集装置的结果示意图。 具体实施方式  Fig. 3 is a view showing the result of the CCD image pickup device of the embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
本发明基于嵌入式 CCD图像采集的金免疫定量检测方法， 如图 1所示， 包括 以下步骤：  The invention is based on the gold immunological quantitative detection method of embedded CCD image acquisition, as shown in Fig. 1, comprising the following steps:
( 1 ) 将加样好的金免疫试条放入 CCD图像采集装置， 光电感应装置探测到 已放置试条， 计时器开始计时；  (1) Put the sampled gold immunoassay strip into the CCD image acquisition device, and the photoelectric sensor device detects that the test strip has been placed, and the timer starts to count;
( 2 ) 计时时间到， 所述 CCD图像采集装置提取所述试条的 CCD图像信息， 并将所述 CCD图像信息传输到数字信号处理单元；  (2) timing time is up, the CCD image acquisition device extracts CCD image information of the test strip, and transmits the CCD image information to a digital signal processing unit;
( 3 ) 采用可编程阵列单元驱动 CCD图像传感器。  (3) The CCD image sensor is driven by a programmable array unit.
( 4) 所述数字信号处理单元对所述 CCD图像信息进行特征提取： 建立颜色 直方图并进行颜色特征提取， 得到特征矢量 1 ; 建立类色度空间模型， 并利用类 色度空间公式描绘试条的类色度曲线，计算所述类色度曲线检测区和背景区的均 值， 作为特征矢量 2;  (4) The digital signal processing unit performs feature extraction on the CCD image information: establishing a color histogram and performing color feature extraction to obtain a feature vector 1; establishing a chromaticity space model, and using the chromaticity space formula to describe the test a chromaticity curve of the strip, calculating a mean value of the chrominance curve detection area and the background area as the feature vector 2;
( 5 ) 嵌入式微处理器对提取的所述特征参量进行初步分类， 初步判断该次 检测是否有效， 如果失效， 提示本次检测失效， 重新检测；  (5) The embedded microprocessor performs preliminary classification on the extracted characteristic parameters, and initially determines whether the detection is valid, and if it fails, prompts the detection to be invalid and re-detects;
( 6 ) 嵌入式微处理器将所述特征参量作为所述数字信号处理单元的机器学 习算法拟合模型的输入端，采用机器学习算法拟合浓度模型， 计算输出浓度值及 相关定量分析结果。  (6) The embedded microprocessor uses the characteristic parameter as an input end of a machine learning algorithm fitting model of the digital signal processing unit, and uses a machine learning algorithm to fit the concentration model, and calculates an output concentration value and a related quantitative analysis result.
( 7 ) 在本发明较佳实施例中， 嵌入式微处理器还将计算的浓度值、 色度曲 线等在 LCD液晶屏上显示， 同时控制 LED指示灯亮， 提示检测已完成， 询问是否 需要打印结果。 如需要打印， 采用微型打印机打印结果。 (7) In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the embedded microprocessor will also calculate the concentration value, chromaticity curve The line is displayed on the LCD screen, and the control LED is lit, indicating that the test has been completed, asking if the result needs to be printed. If you need to print, use a micro printer to print the results.
选取合适的特征参量在免疫层析测定分析中非常关键。通过提取维数比较低 的特征矢量有效地描述原样本， 用于机器学习算法模型的输入。 CCD图像采集装 置以 CCD技术为核心， 直接感知色彩的^ G、 B三个分量， 这使得三基色模型有 十分重要的作用。在传统的金免疫试条图像处理中往往采用像素的灰度值。而金 免疫层析试条抗原抗体发生特异性结合后，测试区颜色空间由富集的纳米金颗粒 所具有的光线吸收和反射特性决定，在一定浓度范围内， 与富集的纳米金颗粒量 (即抗原或抗体浓度）成正比。而通常物体的色度和饱和度由构成物体的材料所 具有的光线吸收和反射特性决定， 更准确表达试条图像光谱信息。 因此， 本发明 在选取特征矢量的时候采取了统计颜色模型和类色度空间模型两个模型空间。  Choosing the appropriate characteristic parameters is critical in immunochromatographic assays. The original sample is effectively described by extracting a feature vector with a relatively low dimensionality for input of a machine learning algorithm model. The CCD image acquisition device takes CCD technology as the core and directly senses the three components of color G and B, which makes the three primary color model play an important role. In the traditional gold immunoassay image processing, the gray value of the pixel is often used. After the specific binding of the antigen of the gold immunochromatographic test strip, the color space of the test area is determined by the light absorption and reflection characteristics of the enriched nano gold particles, and within a certain concentration range, and the amount of the enriched nano gold particles (ie antigen or antibody concentration) is proportional. Generally, the chromaticity and saturation of an object are determined by the light absorption and reflection characteristics of the material constituting the object, and the spectral information of the test strip image is more accurately expressed. Therefore, the present invention adopts two model spaces, a statistical color model and a chrominance-like space model, when selecting a feature vector.
在步骤 （4 ) 中， 类色度空间模型的特征矢量 2的提取方法为： 设定类色度 空间公式 = ^+ τΓ2ί7+ ^， 选择参数 Κ2、 Κ3， 以获取试条光谱信号准确 的表达， 并利用所述类色度空间公式描绘试条的类色度曲线， 计算所述类色度曲 线检测区和背景区的均值， 作为特征矢量 2。 In the step (4), the extraction method of the feature vector 2 of the chromaticity space model is: setting the chromaticity space formula = ^+ τΓ 2 ί7+ ^, selecting the parameters Κ 2 , Κ 3 to obtain the strip spectral signal Accurately expressing, and using the chromaticity space formula to describe the chromaticity curve of the test strip, calculating the mean value of the chrominance curve detection area and the background area as the feature vector 2.
本发明基于嵌入式 CCD图像采集的金免疫定量检测装置， 如图 2所示， 包括 CCD图像采集装置 1、 嵌入式微处理器 2以及与所述嵌入式微处理器 2相连接的 数字信号处理单元 3、 可编程阵列单元 6、 光电感应及 LED亮度调节装置 7、 计 时器 8、 存储单元 5和用户接口单元 4。 所述金免疫定量检测装置中的 CCD图像 传感器采用可编程阵列单元 6驱动。  The invention relates to a gold immunological quantitative detecting device based on embedded CCD image acquisition, as shown in FIG. 2, comprising a CCD image capturing device 1, an embedded microprocessor 2 and a digital signal processing unit 3 connected to the embedded microprocessor 2 The programmable array unit 6, the photoelectric sensing and LED brightness adjusting device 7, the timer 8, the storage unit 5 and the user interface unit 4. The CCD image sensor in the gold immunoassay device is driven by a programmable array unit 6.
在本实施例中， 上述嵌入式微处理器 2为嵌入式 ARM微处理器。 以 A履微处 理器作为信息处理平台， 构成嵌入式 ARM微处理器与数字信号处理单元的双 CPU 模式。 主 CPU为 ARM微处理器， 用于键盘控制、 LCD液晶显示、 网络通讯等管理 调度工作。而从 CPU为数字信号处理单元， 专门用来完成复杂的图像特征量提取 及多变量非线性模型的拟合算法。  In the embodiment, the embedded microprocessor 2 is an embedded ARM microprocessor. The A-microprocessor is used as the information processing platform to form the dual-CPU mode of the embedded ARM microprocessor and digital signal processing unit. The main CPU is an ARM microprocessor, which is used for management scheduling such as keyboard control, LCD liquid crystal display, and network communication. The CPU is a digital signal processing unit, which is specially used to complete complex image feature extraction and multi-variable nonlinear model fitting algorithms.
如图 3所示， 上述 CCD图像采集装置 1由遮光暗箱 16、试条放置座 14、 CCD 安装支架 15以及设于所述 CCD安装支架 15上的 CCD摄像头 11、 CCD镜头 12和 LED阵列光源 13组成。  As shown in FIG. 3, the CCD image capturing device 1 includes a light shielding black box 16, a test strip placement seat 14, a CCD mounting bracket 15, and a CCD camera 11, a CCD lens 12, and an LED array light source 13 provided on the CCD mounting bracket 15. composition.
上述光电感应及 LED亮度调节装置 7由光电感应装置和 LED亮度调节装置组 成，所述光电感应装置用于探测所述 CCD图像采集装置是否已经放入加样好的试 条， 所述 LED亮度调节装置用于调节 LED阵列光源的亮度。 The above photoelectric sensing and LED brightness adjusting device 7 is composed of a photoelectric sensing device and an LED brightness adjusting device group The photo-sensing device is configured to detect whether the CCD image capturing device has been placed in a sampled test strip, and the LED brightness adjusting device is configured to adjust the brightness of the LED array light source.
由于金免疫层析反应是一个动态的过程，胶体金粒子与一定浓度的抗原抗体 相互作用的吸收光谱是随时间变化的， 因此检测时间会对定量结果产生影响，计 时器 8读取 ARM微处理器设定的最佳反应时间， 控制试条的数字图像采集时间。  Since the gold immunochromatographic reaction is a dynamic process, the absorption spectrum of colloidal gold particles interacting with a certain concentration of antigen-antibody changes with time, so the detection time will affect the quantitative result, and the timer 8 reads the ARM micro-processing. The optimal response time set by the device controls the digital image acquisition time of the test strip.
上述存储单元 5包括 FLASH、 SDRAM。  The above storage unit 5 includes FLASH and SDRAM.
上述用户接口单元 4包括 LCD液晶屏、微型打印机和 LED指示灯、通讯接口、 键盘等。 LCD液晶屏用于显示检测的结果并描绘出色度曲线。 微型打印机用于打 印浓度值及相关信息。 LED指示灯用于提示检测完成或其他提示信息。  The above user interface unit 4 includes an LCD liquid crystal screen, a micro printer, and an LED indicator, a communication interface, a keyboard, and the like. The LCD screen is used to display the results of the inspection and to depict the brilliance curve. Micro printers are used to print density values and related information. The LED indicator is used to indicate the completion of the test or other prompt information.
以上是本发明的较佳实施例， 凡依本发明技术方案所作的改变， 所产生的功 能作用未超出本发明技术方案的范围时， 均属于本发明的保护范围。  The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and any changes made by the technical solutions of the present invention do not exceed the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

权利要求书 Claim
1、 一种基于嵌入式 CCD图像采集的金免疫定量检测方法， 其特征在于： 包 括以下步骤：  1. A gold immunological quantitative detection method based on embedded CCD image acquisition, characterized in that: the following steps are included:
( 1 ) 将加样好的金免疫试条放入 CCD图像采集装置， 光电感应装置探测到 已放置试条， 计时器开始计时；  (1) Put the sampled gold immunoassay strip into the CCD image acquisition device, and the photoelectric sensor device detects that the test strip has been placed, and the timer starts to count;
( 2 ) 计时时间到， 所述 CCD图像采集装置提取所述试条的 CCD图像信息， 并将所述 CCD图像信息传输到数字信号处理单元；  (2) timing time is up, the CCD image acquisition device extracts CCD image information of the test strip, and transmits the CCD image information to a digital signal processing unit;
( 3 ) 采用可编程阵列单元驱动 CCD图像传感器。  (3) The CCD image sensor is driven by a programmable array unit.
( 4) 所述数字信号处理单元对所述 CCD图像信息进行特征提取： 建立颜色 直方图并进行颜色特征提取， 得到特征矢量 1 ; 建立类色度空间模型， 并利用类 色度空间公式描绘试条的类色度曲线，计算所述类色度曲线检测区和背景区的均 值， 作为特征矢量 2;  (4) The digital signal processing unit performs feature extraction on the CCD image information: establishing a color histogram and performing color feature extraction to obtain a feature vector 1; establishing a chromaticity space model, and using the chromaticity space formula to describe the test a chromaticity curve of the strip, calculating a mean value of the chrominance curve detection area and the background area as the feature vector 2;
( 5 ) 嵌入式微处理器对提取的所述特征参量进行初步分类， 初步判断该次 检测是否有效， 如果失效， 提示本次检测失效， 重新检测；  (5) The embedded microprocessor performs preliminary classification on the extracted characteristic parameters, and initially determines whether the detection is valid, and if it fails, prompts the detection to be invalid and re-detects;
( 6 ) 嵌入式微处理器将所述特征参量作为所述数字信号处理单元的机器学 习算法拟合模型的输入端，采用机器学习算法拟合浓度模型， 计算输出浓度值及 相关定量分析结果。  (6) The embedded microprocessor uses the characteristic parameter as an input end of a machine learning algorithm fitting model of the digital signal processing unit, and uses a machine learning algorithm to fit the concentration model, and calculates an output concentration value and a related quantitative analysis result.
2、根据权利要求 1所述的基于嵌入式 CCD图像采集的金免疫定量检测方法, 其特征在于： 在步骤 （4) 中， 特征矢量 2的提取方法为： 设定类色度空间公式 2. The method for quantitatively detecting gold immunoassay based on embedded CCD image acquisition according to claim 1, wherein: in step (4), the extraction method of the feature vector 2 is: setting a chromaticity space formula
F= K^ + K2G+ K,B , 选择参数 κ2、 κ3， 以获取试条光谱信号准确的表达， 并利用所述类色度空间公式描绘试条的类色度曲线，计算所述类色度曲线检测区 和背景区的均值， 作为特征矢量 2。 F= K^ + K 2 G+ K, B , select the parameters κ 2 , κ 3 to obtain the accurate expression of the spectral signal of the test strip, and use the chromaticity space formula to describe the chromaticity curve of the test strip, and calculate the The mean value of the chrominance curve detection area and the background area is described as the feature vector 2.
3、 一种基于嵌入式 CCD图像采集的金免疫定量检测装置， 其特征在于： 包 括 CCD图像采集装置、嵌入式微处理器以及与所述嵌入式微处理器相连接的数字 信号处理单元、 可编程阵列单元、 光电感应及 LED亮度调节装置、 计时器、 存储 单元和用户接口单元； 所述金免疫定量检测装置采用可编程阵列单元驱动 CCD 图像传感器。  3. A gold immunometric detection device based on embedded CCD image acquisition, comprising: a CCD image acquisition device, an embedded microprocessor, and a digital signal processing unit and a programmable array connected to the embedded microprocessor The unit, the photoelectric sensing and the LED brightness adjusting device, the timer, the storage unit and the user interface unit; the gold immunometric detecting device drives the CCD image sensor by using a programmable array unit.
4、根据权利要求 3所述的基于嵌入式 CCD图像采集的金免疫定量检测装置， 其特征在于： 所述 CCD图像采集装置由遮光暗箱、 试条放置座、 CCD安装支架以 及设于所述 CCD安装支架上的 CCD摄像头、 CCD镜头和 LED阵列光源组成。4. The gold immunological quantitative detecting device based on embedded CCD image acquisition according to claim 3, wherein: the CCD image capturing device comprises a blackout light box, a test strip placement seat, and a CCD mounting bracket. And a CCD camera, a CCD lens and an LED array light source disposed on the CCD mounting bracket.
5、 根据权利要求 3或 4所述的基于嵌入式 CCD图像采集的金免疫定量检测 装置， 其特征在于： 所述光电感应及 LED亮度调节装置由光电感应装置和 LED 亮度调节装置组成，所述光电感应装置用于探测所述 CCD图像采集装置是否已经 放入加样好的试条， 所述 LED亮度调节装置用于调节 LED阵列光源的亮度。 The gold immunological quantitative detecting device based on embedded CCD image acquisition according to claim 3 or 4, wherein: the photoelectric sensing and LED brightness adjusting device is composed of a photoelectric sensing device and an LED brightness adjusting device, The photoelectric sensing device is configured to detect whether the CCD image capturing device has been loaded with a sampled test strip, and the LED brightness adjusting device is configured to adjust the brightness of the LED array light source.
6、根据权利要求 3所述的基于嵌入式 CCD图像采集的金免疫定量检测装置， 其特征在于： 所述嵌入式微处理器为嵌入式 ARM微处理器， 以与所述数字信号处 理单元组成双 CPU模式。  6. The gold immunological quantitative detection apparatus based on embedded CCD image acquisition according to claim 3, wherein: the embedded microprocessor is an embedded ARM microprocessor, and is combined with the digital signal processing unit. CPU mode.
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