WO2012139419A1 - 一种宽调速永磁同步电机 - Google Patents

一种宽调速永磁同步电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012139419A1
WO2012139419A1 PCT/CN2012/000442 CN2012000442W WO2012139419A1 WO 2012139419 A1 WO2012139419 A1 WO 2012139419A1 CN 2012000442 W CN2012000442 W CN 2012000442W WO 2012139419 A1 WO2012139419 A1 WO 2012139419A1
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Prior art keywords
magnetic
stator
rotor
permanent
permanent magnetic
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PCT/CN2012/000442
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林德芳
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上海特波电机有限公司
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Publication of WO2012139419A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012139419A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/278—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/01—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for shielding from electromagnetic fields, i.e. structural association with shields
    • H02K11/012—Shields associated with rotating parts, e.g. rotor cores or rotary shafts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to motor technology, and in particular to a technology of a wide speed permanent magnet synchronous motor. : Background technique
  • the conventional permanent magnet synchronous motor includes a stator 24 and a rotor, both of which are coaxially fixed to the rotating shaft 21, the rotor yoke 22, and a plurality of permanent magnets axially symmetrically fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the rotor yoke 22.
  • the magnetic pole 23 is composed.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a wide-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor that facilitates weak magnetic speed expansion and constant power speed regulation.
  • the present invention provides a wide-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor including a stator and a rotor, the rotor being coaxially sleeved in the stator and having an air gap with the stator;
  • the stator includes a stator yoke and a stator winding, wherein the stator yoke is annular, the inner ring is axially symmetrically provided with a plurality of stator grooves, and the stator winding is embedded in each stator groove;
  • the rotor includes a rotating shaft and a rotor yoke And a plurality of permanent magnetic poles, wherein the rotor yoke is coaxially fixed to the rotating shaft, and each of the permanent magnet magnetic poles is axially symmetrically fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the rotor yoke, wherein the permanent magnetic poles are radial magnetized magnetic steels, each of which Each of the two sides of the permanent magnet pole is provided with a magnetic magnetic separation car;
  • the rotor yoke is axially symmetrically provided with a plurality of triangular through holes, and the axis of each of the triangular through holes is parallel to the axis of the rotating shaft.
  • the wide-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor provided by the invention has a plurality of radially outwardly protruding ridges, and each of the permanent magnetic poles and the outer periphery of the magnetic magnetic sedan on both sides thereof is provided.
  • the surface is located on the same circumferential surface as the outer peripheral surface of each of the ridges, so that a uniform radial air gap is formed between the stator and the rotor, and the magnetic resistance of the linear magnetic circuit at the center of the magnetic pole and the magnetic circuit of the cross shaft are not equal,
  • the direct-axis inductance is smaller than the cross-axis inductance, which causes the rotor to produce a salient pole effect, so that the motor superimposes the reluctance torque on the basis of the permanent magnet torque.
  • the existence of the reluctance torque helps to improve the starting characteristics and overload capability of the motor. And power density, easy to weaken the magnetic speed regulation, and expand the constant power range operation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a rotor in a wide-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing a moment characteristic of a wide-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a conventional permanent magnet synchronous motor.
  • a wide-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes a stator 6 and a rotor.
  • the rotor is coaxially sleeved in the stator 6 and has an air gap with the stator 6 .
  • the stator 6 includes a stator yoke and a stator winding, the stator yoke is annular, and the inner ring is axially symmetrically provided with a plurality of stator grooves, and the stator windings are embedded in the stator grooves;
  • the rotor includes a rotating shaft 1, a rotor yoke 2, and a plurality of permanent magnetic poles 3, wherein the rotor yoke 2 is coaxially fixed to the rotating shaft 1, and each of the permanent magnetic poles 3 is axially symmetrically fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the rotor yoke 2, and is characterized by:
  • the permanent magnetic pole 3 is a radial magnetized magnetic steel, and each of the permanent magnetic poles 3 is provided with a magnetic magnetic separation car 5 on both sides;
  • the outer peripheral surface of the rotor yoke 2 is axially symmetrically provided with a plurality of radially outwardly protruding ribs 4, the number of the ribs 4 being identical to the number of permanent magnetic poles 3, and each two adjacent permanent magnetic poles There is a rib 4 between each of the three, the axis of each rib 4 is parallel to the axis of the permanent magnetic pole 3, and both sides of each rib 4 are magnetically separated from the side edges of the adjacent permanent magnetic poles 3. Sedan 5 fits, and each permanent magnet pole 3 and its magnetic fiber sedan on both sides The outer peripheral surface of 5 is located on the same circumferential surface as the outer peripheral surface of each of the ridges 4.
  • the outer ring of the rotor is provided with a non-magnetic retaining ring that is wound around its circumferential surface.
  • the rotor yoke 2 is axially symmetrically provided with a plurality of triangular through holes, and the axes of each of the triangular through holes are parallel to the axis of the rotating shaft 1.
  • the outer peripheral surfaces of the magnetic poles of the permanent magnetic poles and the two side edges thereof are located on the same circumferential surface as the outer peripheral surfaces of the ridges, a uniform radial air gap is formed between the stator and the rotor.
  • the straight-axis magnetic circuit at the center of the magnetic pole (the d-axis in Fig. 1) must pass a permanent magnet pole with a large magnetoresistance (near air), and the cross-axis magnetic circuit (the q-axis in Fig. 1) passes through a rotor with a small reluctance.
  • the yoke makes the reluctance of the straight-axis magnetic circuit (d-axis) and the cross-axis magnetic circuit (q-axis) different, and the direct-axis inductance is smaller than the cross-axis inductance, so that the rotor produces a salient pole effect, so that the motor rotates in the permanent magnet.
  • the reluctance torque is superimposed on the basis of the moment. The existence of reluctance torque helps to improve the starting characteristics, overload capacity and power density of the motor, easy to weaken the magnetic speed regulation, expand the constant power range operation, and calculate the torque of the motor.
  • the formula is:
  • ⁇ is the motor torque
  • p is the logarithm of the permanent magnet pole
  • I ds is the direct-axis current
  • I ds is the direct-axis current
  • I ds inductance is the cross-axis Inductance
  • the magnetic magnetic separation car on both sides of each permanent magnetic pole can ensure the magnetic circuit saturation, make the permanent magnetic flux difficult to pass, can increase the magnetic flux leakage resistance, effectively reduce the leakage flux, improve the air gap magnetic density, reduce Core loss and avoiding static and dynamic armature reaction demagnetization hazards, achieving high efficiency, high power density, high torque density, high overload capability, low ripple, fast response, low noise, small size and light weight, and low speed constant torque and Smooth operation of high speed and constant power expansion.
  • C1 is a permanent magnet torque
  • C2 is a reluctance torque
  • C3 is a motor torque
  • Tc is a torque axis
  • ⁇ is a rectangular angle axis
  • the peak value of the motor torque C3 is significantly larger than the peak value of the permanent magnet torque C1, thereby effectively improving the power density and torque density of the motor.
  • it plays the role of weak magnetic constant power expansion. Under the condition of constant voltage, it can also obtain a wider constant power speed range than the existing permanent magnet synchronous motor, meeting the requirements of high precision driving motor for mechatronics. , achieve high power density, high torque density, wide speed regulation, fast response, frequent start and smooth operation.

Description

一种宽调速永磁同步电机 技术领域
、本发明涉及电机技术， 特别是涉及一种宽调速永磁同步电机的技术。： 背景技术
如图 3所示， 现有永磁同步电机都包括定子 24和转子， 其转子都由同轴固 接的转轴 21、 转子轭 22， 及轴对称固定于转子轭 22外周面的多个永磁磁极 23 组成。
永磁同步电机提高电机功率密度和效率的有效途径是充分利用磁阻功率， 但是现有永磁同步电机中， 各永磁磁极之间均存在着空隙， 因此其直轴磁路（图 3中的 d' 轴）必须通过永磁磁极， 其交轴磁路（图 3中的 q' 轴）通过空气（即 各永磁磁极之间的空隙）， 由于但是永磁磁极的磁阻很大（接近空气）， 因此现有 永磁同步电机的直轴磁路（d' 轴）与相邻永磁磁极间的交轴磁路（q ' 轴） 的磁 阻和电感基本相同， 没有凸极效应和磁阻转矩， 呈并激电机特性， 不便于弱磁扩 速和恒功率调速， 是典型的隐极磁路电机。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术中存在的缺陷， 本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种 便于弱磁扩速和恒功率调速的宽调速永磁同步电机。
为了解决上述技术问题， 本发明所提供的一种宽调速永磁同步电机， 包括 定子和转子， 所述转子同轴套设于定子内， 且与定子之间具有气隙； 所述定子包 括定子磁轭和定子绕组，所述定子磁轭呈环状，其内圈轴对称设有多个定子凹槽， 所述定子绕组嵌设于各定子凹槽内；所述转子包括转轴、转子轭及多^ ^永磁磁极， 所述转子轭与转轴同轴固接，各永磁磁极轴对称固定于转子轭的外周面， 其特征 在于：所述永磁磁极是径向磁化磁钢，各永磁磁极的两侧边缘各设有一隔磁磁轿; 所述转子轭的外周面轴对称设有多个径向向外凸出的凸条， 所述凸条的数 量与永磁磁极的数量一致，每两个相邻的永磁磁极之间均有一个凸条，每根凸条 的轴线均平行于永磁磁极的轴线，每根凸条的两侧边缘均与相邻永磁磁极侧边缘 的隔磁磁轿贴合，且各永磁磁极及其两侧边缘的隔磁磁轿的外周面， 与各凸条外 周面位于同一圆周面上。 进一步的， 所述转子的外圈设有绕其周面一圈的非磁性护环。
进一步的， 所述转子轭上轴对称设有多个三角形通孔， 每个三角形通孔的 轴线均平行于转轴的轴线。
本发明提供的宽调速永磁同步电机， 由于转子轭的外周面轴对称设有多个 径向向外凸出的凸条，各永磁磁极及其两侧边缘的隔磁磁轿的外周面， 与各凸条 外周面位于同一圆周面上，从而使定子与转子之间形成均匀的径向气隙， 而且磁 极中心的直轴磁路与交轴磁路的磁阻不等， 导至直轴电感小于交轴电感， 使转子 产生凸极效应，使电机在永磁转矩的基础上迭加了磁阻转矩， 磁阻转矩的存在有 助于提高电机的起动特性、过载能力和功率密度， 易于弱磁调速， 扩大恒功率范 围运行。
附 ¾说明
图 1是本发明实施例的宽调速永磁同步电机中的转子的结构示意图； 图 2是本发明实施例的宽调速永磁同步电机的矩角特性曲线图；
图 3是现有永磁同步电机的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图说明对本发明的实施例作进一步详细描述， 但本实施例并不 用于限制本发明，凡是采用本发明的相似结构及其相似变化，均应列入本发明的 保护范围。
如图 1所示，本发明实施例所提供的一种宽调速永磁同步电机， 包括定子 6 和转子， 所述转子同轴套设于定子 6内， 且与定子 6之间具有气隙； 所述定子 6 包括定子磁轭和定子绕组，所述定子磁轭呈环状，其内圈轴对称设有多个定子凹 槽， 所述定子绕组嵌设于各定子凹槽内； 所述 子包括转轴 1、 转子轭 2及多个 永磁磁极 3， 所述转子轭 2与转轴 1同轴固接， 各永磁磁极 3轴对称固定于转子 轭 2 的外周面， 其特征在于： 所述永磁磁极 3是径向磁化磁钢， 各永磁磁极 3 的两侧边缘各设有一隔磁磁轿 5;
所述转子轭 2的外周面轴对称设有多个径向向外凸出的凸条 4， 所述凸条 4 的数量与永磁磁极 3的数量一致，每两个相邻的永磁磁极 3之间均有一个凸条 4， 每根凸条 4的轴线均平行于永磁磁极 3的轴线，每根凸条 4的两侧边缘均与相邻 永磁磁极 3侧边缘的隔磁磁轿 5贴合，且各永磁磁极 3及其两侧边缘的隔磁磁轿 5的外周面， 与各凸条 4外周面位于同一圆周面上。
本发明实施例中， 所述转子的外圈设有绕其周面一圈的非磁性护环。
本发明实施例中， 所述转子轭 2.上轴对称设有多个三角形通孔， 每个三角 形通孔的轴线均平行于转轴 1的轴线。
本发明实施例由于各永磁磁极及其两侧边缘的隔磁磁轿的外周面， 与各凸 条外周面位于同一圆周面上，从而使定子与转子之间形成均匀的径向气隙，磁极 中心的直轴磁路 （图 1中的 d轴） 必须通过磁阻较大 （接近空气） 的永磁磁极， 交轴磁路 （图 1中的 q轴） 则通过磁阻较小的转子轭， 使得直轴磁路 （d轴） 的 与交轴磁路 （q轴） 的磁阻不等， 导至直轴电感小于交轴电感， 使转子产生凸极 效应，使电机在永磁转矩的基础上迭加了磁阻转矩，磁阻转矩的存在有助于提高 电机的起动特性、 过载能力和功率密度， 易于弱磁调速， 扩大恒功率范围运行， 电机的转矩计算公式为：
T
Figure imgf000005_0001
- ( - ) ] A > Ld 式中： τ为电机转矩， p为永磁磁极对数， 为磁链， 为交轴电流， Ids 为直轴电流， 为直轴电感， 为交轴电感； 此外， 各永磁磁极两侧边缘的隔磁磁轿能保证磁路饱和， 使永磁磁通难以 通过， 能增加漏磁磁阻， 有效减少漏磁通， 提高气隙磁密， 减少铁心损耗和避免 静态、 动态电枢反应去磁危险， 能实现高效、 高功率密度、 高转矩密度、 高过载 能力强， 低波动、 快响应、 低噪、 小型轻量化和低速恒转矩和高速恒功率扩速的 平稳运行。
图 2 是本发明实施例的矩角特性曲线， 该图中的曲线 C1 为永磁转矩， C2 为磁阻转矩， C3为电机转矩， Tc为转矩轴， Θ为矩角轴；
如图 2所示， 本发明实施例中， 由于磁阻转矩 C2的存在， 一方面使电机转 矩 C3的峰值显著大于永磁转矩 C1的峰值，有效提高电机的功率密度和转矩密度， 另一方面起到弱磁恒功率扩速作用，在电压恒定的条件下， 也能获得比现有永磁 同步电机更宽广的恒功率速度范围， 满足机电一体化用高精度驱动电机的要求， 实现高功率密度、 高转矩密度、 宽调速、 快响应、 频繁启动和平稳运行。

Claims

权利要求：
1、 一种宽调速永磁同步电机， 包括定子和转子， 所述转子同轴套设于定子 内， 且与定子之间具有气隙； 所述定子包括定子磁轭和定子绕组， 所述定子磁轭 呈环状， 其内圈轴对称设有多个定子凹槽， 所述定子绕组嵌设于各定子凹槽内； 所述转子包括转轴、转子轭及多个永磁磁极， 所述转子轭与转轴同轴固接， 各永 磁磁极轴对称固定于转子轭的外周面，其特征在于： 所述永磁磁极是径向磁化磁 钢， 各永磁磁极的两侧边缘各设有一隔磁磁轿； .
所述转子轭的外周面轴对称设有多个径向向外凸出的凸条， 所述凸条的数 量与永磁磁极的数量一致，每两个相邻的永磁磁极之间均有一个凸条，每根凸条 的轴线均平行于永磁磁极的轴线，每根凸条的两侧边缘均与相邻永磁磁极侧边缘 的隔磁磁轿贴合， 且各永磁磁极及其两侧边缘的隔磁磁轿的外周面， 与各凸条外 周面位于同一圆周面上。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的宽调速永磁同步电机， 其特征在于: 所述转子的 外圈设有绕其周面一圈的非磁性护环。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的宽调速永磁同步电机， 其特征在于： 所述转子轭 上轴对称设有多个三角形通孔， 每个三角形通孔的轴线均平行于转轴的轴线。
PCT/CN2012/000442 2011-04-13 2012-04-05 一种宽调速永磁同步电机 WO2012139419A1 (zh)

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CN108964532A (zh) * 2018-05-31 2018-12-07 南京航空航天大学 三级式无刷同步电机分阶段式起动控制系统及方法
CN108847796B (zh) * 2018-05-31 2022-01-18 南京航空航天大学 三级式无刷同步电机磁阻式起动控制方法及系统
CN109301956A (zh) * 2018-10-16 2019-02-01 国网江苏省电力有限公司海门市供电分公司 一种新型永磁同步电机转子结构
CN109412299A (zh) * 2018-12-19 2019-03-01 上海特波电机有限公司 瓦片式永磁同步电机

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