WO2012138305A1

WO2012138305A1 - Mechanism assembly in rotary bolt systems

Info

Publication number: WO2012138305A1
Application number: PCT/TR2012/000043
Authority: WO
Inventors: Selim IYIIS; Hacer SARGIN; Mustafa AKDEMIR; Nebi KARAKOC
Original assignee: M.K.E Makina Ve Kimya Endustrisi Kurumu Silah Fabrikasi Mudurlugu
Priority date: 2011-04-06
Filing date: 2012-03-02
Publication date: 2012-10-11
Also published as: TR201009957A2

Abstract

The present invention relates to bearing of control pin sliding guide (4) and carrier (2) in the locking mechanisms used in weapons, especially in rifles and its main characteristic feature is carrier (2) and a bolt (3) cylindrically embedded in this carrier, wherein the sai4 bolt (3) is embedded in the carrier (2) in a way that it can make limited linear and rotational motion. Control pin sliding guide (4) is found at the lateral surface of the carrier (2) and a pin (control pin) (5) is found within the said hole (4). Locking and unlocking of the bolt can be made by means of the channel found on the frame of the weapon or the ridge found on the bolt and barrel (12).

Description

MECHANISM ASSEMBLY IN ROTARY BOLT SYSTEMS

The Related Art

The present invention relates to bearing of control pin sliding guide and carrier in the locking mechanisms used in weapons, especially in rifles.

The Prior Art

Rifle is a kind of individual weapon used by soldiers or personnel in army units, police, and private security etc. institutions with the purpose of protection or defence. Therefore, it is generally called as infantry rifle in army units. Nowadays, rifles generally have three different kinds of operating systems. These systems are: Gas Channel (G3 etc.), Gas Tube (M16 etc.), and Gas Piston (AK- 47, G36 etc.) systems. Nowadays, the most commonly used systems are the gas tube and gas piston systems. New models used by the soldiers of NATO member countries generally tend to be gas piston systems. In the gas tube system; gas pressure is formed in the barrel following firing of the first cartridge and the mechanism assembly is moved by taking this gas pressure from the hole opened on the barrel which transmitted it into the mechanism assembly through a tube. However, in the rifles with the gas piston system, the gas pressure taken from the barrel is first transmitted to the piston. And motion is obtained by transmission of the force taken from the piston to the mechanism assembly via a shaft. Continuity of motion is achieved by the transfer of gas pressure to the mechanism assembly. The first cocking operation is made by pulling the cocking handle. When pulled with the cocking motion, the mechanism assembly compresses the recoil spring. With the force of the spring, the mechanism assembly moves towards the barrel. While the mechanism assembly is moving, it takes the cartridge from the magazine with the bolt and loads it into the chamber found in the barrel. When the cartridge is placed in the chamber, the bolt rotates and locked within the barrel extension with the motion of the control pin found on the bolt within the guide found on the carrier called as control pin sliding guide and thus the cartridge taken into the barrel would be positioned. The rifle is made ready for shooting. When the trigger is pulled, the hammer hits the firing pin and firing is accomplished when the firing pin hits the capsule found at^" the back of the cartridge. The system, ejecting the empty case with the mechanism assembly by making use of the pressurized gas force formed as a result of firing, feeding the cartridge from the magazine to the barrel, and again becoming ready for shooting or continuing automatic fire, is called semi- and full-automatic rifle. In these systems; the gas pressure formed in gas piston or gas tube systems is transferred via a hole which is positioned on the upper side of the barrel near the flash hider directly through the tube or by nears of a shaft to the back side of the chamber of the barrel . This gas pressure force reaches a system called mechanism assembly which is used for locking.

Mechanism assembly is a system, which retains the cartridge it takes from the magazine, feeds it to the barrel, holds the case when the bullet found at the edge of the cartridge leaves the cartridge with the impact of the blast of the capsule that comprises gunpowder and is found behind the firing pin and the cartridge, and ejects the case that is pulled by the extractor system found on the bolt through the empty case ejection opening found on the rifle frame. Hereinafter this mechanism will be called as the "locking bolt", since it feeds the cartridge found in the magazine into the barrel, enables firing of the cartridge by the firing pin in locked position, and at the same time holds the cartridge tightly. The force coming to the locking bolt from the gas piston or gas tube system occurs with the impact of a rode, which is affected by pressurized gas force- and moves parallel to the barrel, on the surface found at a ridge at the upper part of the locking bolt. Locking bolt moves backward with the effect of this impact. With this backward movement, the part called bolt makes both rotating and regression motion and takes the empty case from the barrel just after firing and then the empty case is ejected from the opening found at the side. The opposite condition is retaining of the cartridge, which is locking. Here, the component called bolt is designed to clutch the cartridge case. Rotating motion is formed in the carrier and it is made possible by means of a pin called control pin, which is positioned at a place close to the middle part of the bolt in an inclined, slightly long hole called control pin sliding guide. Under normal conditions, the carrier moves back and forth with a certain limitation. This comprises movement both limited linear motion and also limited rotating motion of the bolt, which can rotate and move linearly. This limit is determined by the control pin found on the bolt itself and the control pin sliding guide found on the carrier. Here, the fundamental event is the transfer of the pressure that occur as a result of firing of the cartridge to the top part of the mechanism in the form of an impact and backward movement of the carrier towards the rear part of the rifle with this impact and again backward movement of the bolt found in the carrier with this impact. The bolt is cylindrically embedded within the carrier. While normally it can make free linear and rotational motion, the movement of the control pin, which is found on the bolt, within the control pin sliding guide is restricted with the size and shape of this guide.

Generally, the linear and rotating motion of the bolt found in locking mechanisms is formed at a place close to the front part of the carrier, when the firing position of the rifle is considered, towards the barrel direction, and via the control pin sliding guide formed at the upper side of the carrier. Mounting of bolt to the control pin sliding guide is made by control pin, which is placed at the upper side of the carrier close to the front part in the barrel direction, again when the firing position of the rifle is considered. In this way, the bolt makes limited rotational and linear motion within the carrier. The carrier is in the form of a hollow carrier wherein bolt can move. Therefore, the carrier is also called the bolt carrier. The structures wherein the carrier, or in other words, the bolt carrier is long and cylindrical and the control pin sliding guide providing the limited motion of the bolt that moves in the carrier is found at the top are the most common structures used in locking mechanisms of rifles. While it automatically provides the desired locking motion, it also has some disadvantages, which can be listed as follows. First of all, the carrier is long in such structures and this makes the buttstock of the rifle difficult to be foldable. This reduces the ease of use and mobility of the rifle. Since the people using the rifle, especially soldiers have to move quickly, be swift and dynamic while advancing under varying terrain conditions; it is not a desired situation to carry a heavy and large rifle. In the present day rifles, another significant disadvantage occurring in the locking bolt carrier as a result of having the control pin sliding guide at the top is the necessity to have a separate fixed ridge formed on the carrier, which would receive the impact coming from the gas piston or gas rode. Both having the control pin sliding guide on the carrier and thus the control pin connected to the bolt moving in it and the impact region on the carrier requires positioning of this region at a higher place. The reason for this is not to prevent operation of the control pin sliding guide and the control pin system left at a lower place. Such a structure causes increase in the size of the space left between the motion axis of the bolt and the axis of the impact point found at the top part. This increase causes formation of torque by the force formed during impact and thus results in vibration of the rifle, which is an undesired situation.

Another disadvantage of having the control pin sliding guide at the top in the prior art locking bolts is the necessity of forming a space between the carrier and the cocking handle that gives first motion to the carrier/bolt with the purpose of providing motion capability to the control pin that is found in the control pin sliding guide. Such a situation causes reduction of the cocking handle strength and having less handling surface. Therefore, breaking of the cocking handle is encountered and the cocking handle can get jammed when the rifle is used in dusty, muddy environments and due to the residues occurring in the rifle, which is also an undesired situation. In the prior art rifles, there are also mechanisms having carriers in block form instead of having cylindrical form and which are also cavernous in a way that bolt would enter, but in which the control pin sliding guide providing the limited advancing and rotating motion of the bolt are positioned at the side part. These mechanisms are generally suitable for short mechanisms wherein the buttstock is foldable. These mechanism frames are also called breech block head. Although these mechanism frames eliminate some of the problems encountered in long type mechanism frames wherein the control pin sliding guide is found at the top, they lead to new problems due to their new design. The most important one of these problems encountered in block frame mechanism structures is the necessity to have a different design in block form, as the name would indicate, in the rifle frame instead of having a cylindrical structure. The most important component needed in this design is to embed the block frame mechanism in the frame of the rifle by forming two skids, since it is required to operate in the barrel axis. This makes mounting of the skids to the frame and/or their single piece production difficult. This situation both increases production costs, makes disassembling, reassembling, and lubrication operations of the rifle difficult for a standard user not having much technical knowledge), and leads to quick contamination in dusty environments.

Purpose and Description of the Invention

The present invention relates to bearing of control pin sliding guide and carrier in the locking mechanisms used in weapons, especially in rifles. The primary purpose of the invention is to eliminate the !problems found in the above said classical mechanisms and develop a rifle that is technologically superior, can be produced with lower cost, and more useful and effective than the ones found in the prior art.

First of all, in the locking mechanisms of the present invention, the control pin sliding guide found on the carrier is formed on the side, not on the top. On the other hand, the carrier is not formed in block form as in the known status art and it is formed in cylindrical structure. In this way, a novel locking mechanisms design is formed, which combines the advantages of both two systems and eliminates their drawbacks. By placing the control pin sliding guide, which has? to be found on the carrier and facilitates limited linear and rotational motion within the carrier, on the side of the locking mechanisms instead of the top of it, the locking mechanisms of the present invention eliminates all of the problems that occur when it is found at the top. For instance, by placing the control pin sliding; guide at the side, the torque formed during impact at the top part is greatly reduced due to the reduction of distance between the impact force axis and the bolt axis. This, of course, reduces vibration of the rifle and improves performance by eliminating the problems occurring due to the weapon in hitting the target.

Since control pin sliding guide is not needed at the top part of the carrier in the locking mechanisms of the present invention, the system can be made in short or long form. In other words, without being produced in block form as in the known status of the art, the mechanism can have the advantages of the block form by being produced with folding buttstocks or in short size for short buttstocks. In this way, both a rifle having high performance and a folding buttstocks, shorter, and lighter rifle can be made if required. This, of course, addresses swift and dynamic users, especially soldiers.

A separate skid system found in the carrier of the locking mechanisms of the present invention is selected to have four units as in the cylindrically formed mechanism frames, instead of having two units as in the block formed mechanisms. Also, the skid structure of the carrier and the bolt moving in it and having a circular and natural skid along the carrier outer diameter is a significant advantage. In this way, it both improves cleaning facilities, axial, and linear motion accuracy. And this, no doubt, increases shooting performance and the impact of hitting the target. The separate skid system found in the carrier of the locking mechanisms of the present invention is not a much detailed and complex structure as in the block carrier of the known status of the art. Therefore, disassembling, reassembling, and lubrication of the rifle becomes much easier for soldier, police etc. people who especially deal with security and have less technical knowledge about the weapon. Not having such complex parts is also a significant advantage for reducing production costs. ^¾

Since it is not required to leave a space for operation of the control pin as in the long carrier of the prior art; in the cocking handle used in the carrier of the locking bolt of the present invention, breaking risk of the cocking handle is reduced for users and also the rate of being impacted from operating at dusty environments, residues etc. negativities are reduced.

The empty case ejection openings through which the empty cases are ejected in the locking bolt of the present invention can be arbitrarily placed at the right or left side. In this way, the facility of producing a specific rifle for the user occurs and this provides competition advantage for producers and an easy-to-use rifle for users. Drawings will be used for better understanding of the mechanism of the present invention.

Description of the Figures

Figure-1 is a perspective view of the prior art, wherein the carrier is long and the inclined hole is found at the top.

Figure-2 is the projection view of the cocking handle in the prior art, wherein the carrier is long and the control pin sliding guide is found at the top.

Figure-3 is a perspective view of the prior art, wherein the carrier is short and in block form and the inclined hole is found at the side. Figure-4 is the perspective view of the long carrier model locking mechanisms of the invention, wherein it is found in unlocked position.

Figure-5 is the perspective view of the long carrier model locking mechanisms of the invention, wherein it is found in locked position.

Figure-6 is the exploded (demounted) perspective view of long carrier model locking mechanisms of the invention.

Figure-7 shows the drawing of the locking mechanisms of the invention that would contact with the barrel.

Figure-8 is the side view projection figure of the long carrier model locking mechanisms of the invention. Figure-9 is the perspective view of the short carrier model locking mechanisms of the invention.

Figure-10 is the side view projection figure of the short carrier model locking mechanisms of the invention.

Figure-1 1 is the side view projection figure of the short carrier model locking bolt of the invention together with the cocking handle.

Figure-12 is the figure showing the "Z" distance of the prior art. Figure-13 is the figure showing the "Z" distance οτ tne present invention.

Reference Numbers of the Parts and Sections for Better Understanding of the Invention

I- Long locking mechanisms

2- Long carrier

3- Bolt

4- Control pin sliding guide

5- Mechanism Control pin

6- Cartridge feed lugs

7- Impact ridge (piston rod impact ridge)

7a- Impact surface

8- Firing pin

9- Cocking handle

10- Short carrier

10a- Short carrier skid surfaces

I I - Second type impact ridge

1 1 a- Second type impact surface

11 b- Cocking handle leaning surface

12- Barrel

12a- Trip surface

Detailed Description of the Invention

In order to understand the control pin sliding guide of the locking bolts used in the rifles of the present invention, it is better to briefly remember the known status of the art. The drawing shown in figure-1 is a perspective view of the prior art, wherein the carrier is long and the control pin sliding guide is found at the top. As it would be seen here, the system is designed for long carrier and the control pin sliding guide is found at the top part. Figure-2 is the projection view of the cocking handle in the prior art, wherein the carrier is long and the control pin sliding guide is found at the top. As it would be seen here, a space is found between the cocking handle and the carrier. Disadvantages of this situation is disclosed in the prior art section. Figure-3 is a perspective view of the prior art, wherein the carrier is short and in block form and the control pin sliding guide is found at the side. Although this carrier is short and the inclined hole (guide) is found at the side, the system is in block form and its disadvantages are disclosed in the prior art section.

The locking bolt of the present invention has long carrier (2) as it would be seen in figure-4. The most fundamental characteristic in this mechanism is positioning of the control pin sliding guide (4) at the side and the mechanism control pin (5) can enter in it. The shape of the control pin sliding guide (4) could be as in the prior art or may change according to the rotation of the varying helical angle depending on the number of lugs found in the bolt and the advancing. The important point here is the positioning of control pin sliding guide (4) at the side in this mechanism (figure 4) for the first time. An area of height would be gained at the top part by means of forming of the control pin sliding guide (4) at the side. Normally, the axes of the carrier (2) and the bolt (3) are the same and are shown here with (A-A). The gas pressure force obtained from the gas-piston or gas-rode (which are not shown here, since they are already known in the prior art), impacts on the impact surface (7a), that is front part of the mechanism impact ridge (7) found at the upper part of the carrier (2). The axis formed by this impact point is shown here with (B-B). The distance (X) between this axis (B-B) and the main axis (A-A) found at the lower part is reduced in comparison with the known status of the art. With the impact, the torque (M) formed at the impact surface (7a) is equal to M=F*X (force times the distance between). By reducing the distance (X), the torque (M) is also reduced, that is to say, deviation of the rifle's barrel from the target or vibration would also be reduced, which provides a very significant advantage. In figure-4, one end of the bolt (3) is found in the carrier (2) and the other front part is found at the barrel (12) side. The cartridge feed lugs (6) found at the front side of the bolt is the part where the cartridge is kept and locking is made. Since this part is found in the prior art, it will not be disclosed in detail. In addition to this, positioning of the control pin sliding guide (4) at the side parts provides a design flexibility wherein empty cases obtained as a result of firing would be ejected from the right or the left side. In Figure-5, the locked state of the locking mechanisms (1 ) is shown. In this case, the bolt (3) is found behind the barrel (12) and the mechanism control pin (5) is found inside the control pin sliding guide (4) in a way that it would lean on the surface at the back towards the rear part of the rifle. Actually, advancing of the bolt (3) means that the carrier (2) goes towards the impact point (7a) (rear part of the rifle) at the top part with the impact of the gas pressure force coming from the gas- piston or gas-rode (tube). By backward movement of the carrier (2), the mechanism control pin (5) found in it would move forward (towards the barrel direction), but it would move both forward and downward due to the geometric structure of the control pin sliding guide (4) in which it is found. This motion would provide a limited circular rotation to the bolt (3) and thus the bolt (3) cartridge feed lugs (6) would go into locking position. The place affected from the gas pressure force is the impact surface area (7a) in front of the ridge (7) found at the top part, ridge (7) can be produced together with the carrier (2), which provides ease of production and reduces cost.

Figure-6 shows the exploded (demounted) view of the locking mechanisms. Here the part shown as (8) is firing pin. It is the part which performs blasting by hitting the back of the cartridge with high speed (no shown here). Firing pin (8) goes through the bolt (3).

In figure-7, the way how the mechanism lugs (6) found at the end of the bolt (3) get close to the barrel (12) and trip surface (12a) which is connected to the barel (12) is shown. Here, the barrel (12) and the trip surface (12a) are not much different from the known status of the art. However, need has occurred to show them due to the novelty of the bolt (3). Here, another significant subject is the harmony between the number of the lugs (6) found at the bolt (3) and the helical angle of the control pin sliding guide (4) found at the side part. It is the pin (5) found in the control pin sliding guide (4) that rotates the bolt (3). Figure-8 is the side view, projection figure of the long carrier model locking mechanisms of the present invention. As it would be seen here, the control pin sliding guide (4) is dependent on the number of lugs of the bolt (3). Moreover, in accordance with the number of bolt lugs, locking and unlocking can be made in an easier way and in different helical angles by means of the channel / ridge found on the frame or barrel. These structures are not much technically different from the known status of the 'art. In this structure also shown in figure-7, the most significant superiority is to obtain better results without forming a technically novel structure, but using an ingenious skill that may be called know-how. In the same way, the structure of the curves found within the control pin sliding guide (4) can be changed with the desired motion of the control pin (5) that would be found in it.

Figure-9 is the perspective view of the short carrier model locking mechanisms of the present invention. Here, the length of the short carrier (10) is shorter unlike the long carrier (2). The bolt (3) is also found in the short carrier (10). Second type impact ridge ( 1 ) is formed all along the upper part of the short carrier (10). A reason for forming this ridge (11 ) all along is to provide durability and weight balance. Again, an impact surface (1 1a) is formed in front of this ridge (11 ). Four skid surfaces (10a) found at the edges in the cylindrical diameter of the short carrier (2) are embedded within the frame of the weapon. By means of being embedded at the diameter within the frame of the weapon, it is intended to be designed for reducing vibration, provide correct axial settings, and prevent axial run-outs. Moreover, the forms wherein a control pin sliding guide (4) is found at the top and a control pin sliding guide (4) is found at the side surface are shown in figure-12 and figure-13. The (Z) distance in the known status of the art is longer as it would be seen in figure-12. However, the (Z) distance of the present invention is shorter as shown in figure-13.

The protection area of this application has been specified under claims and cannot be limited to the descriptions only given as sampling above. It is obvious that a person skilled in the related art can apply the innovation disclosed by this invention into similar purposed other areas by means of changing the parts in form and using similar structures. Therefore, it is also clear that such embodiments lack of innovation criteria and especially the criteria of exceeding the known status of the art.

Claims

The present invention relates to bearing of control pin sliding guide and carrier in the locking mechanisms used in weapons, and it is characterized in that; it comprises a carrier (2) and a control pin sliding guide (4) formed at the lateral surface on this carrier, bolt (3) cylindrically positioned in the said carrier (2), said bolt (3) being embedded in a way that it would make limited linear and rotational motion within the carrier (2), said carrier (2) being superficially embedded along its diameter, a control pin (5) is found in the control pin sliding guide (4) found on the (on the lateral surface of the) said carrier (2), a ridge (7) is found on the said carrier (2), and an impact surface (7a) is found in front of the said mechanism ridge (7).

A configuration according to claim 1 , and it is characterized in that; the carrier (2) is superficially embedded in the weapon body along the diameter.

A mechanism according to claim 1 , and it is characterized in that; control pin sliding guide (4) is found as positioned at the lateral surface of the carrier (2), wherein the structure of this guide (4) varies according to the number of lugs (6) found at the bolt (3), and the helical inclination angle (K) found in this guide can be formed at the desired amounts.

A mechanism according to claims 1 , 2, and 3, and it is characterized in that; the control pin sliding guide (4) found at the lateral surface of the carrier (2) can be found on both of the two lateral surfaces, on the right and the left side, and it is a structure that would facilitate modification on the rifle frame for ejection of the empty case in the desired direction (from the right or the left side).

5. A mechanism according to claims 1 , 3 and 4, and it is characterized in that; a pin (5) is found in free motion inside the hole (guide) (4) found at the edge of the carrier (2), and the said pin (5) can snug fit on the bolt (3).

6. A mechanism according to claims 1 and 5, and it is characterized in that; a ridge (7) is found at the upper part of the carrier (2) and an impact surface (7a) is found in front of the said ridge (7) .

7. A mechanism according to claims 1 and 6, and it is characterized in that; the ridge (7) positioned at the upper part of the carrier (2) can be completely produced by metal cutting method or its montage can be made via fasteners.

8. A mechanism according to claims 1 and 7, and it is characterized in that; the carrier (10) can be short that superficially embedded along the diameter of the rifle frame, the control pin sliding guide (4) found on the lateral surface of the said carrier (10) has the structure wherein the bolt (3) that can be circularly embedded within the carrier (10) can make limited linear and rotational motion within the carrier (10), and a pin (5) is found as vacuolarly mounted in the control pin sliding guide (4) that is positioned at the lateral surface of the said carrier (10).

9. A mechanism according to claims 1 and 8, and it is characterized in that; a ridge (11 ) is found all along, but can arbitrarily be shorter, on the short carrier (10), and an impact surface (11 a) is found in front of the said ridge (11).

10. A mechanism according to claims 1 and 9, and it is characterized in that; total of four skids (10a) are found on both two sides at the lower and the upper parts of the carrier (10) and the carrier (10) is embedded in the rifle frame with these skids (10a).