WO2012131605A1 - Bituminous mixtures, production method thereof, and quantification method of rubber percentage - Google Patents
Bituminous mixtures, production method thereof, and quantification method of rubber percentage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012131605A1 WO2012131605A1 PCT/IB2012/051498 IB2012051498W WO2012131605A1 WO 2012131605 A1 WO2012131605 A1 WO 2012131605A1 IB 2012051498 W IB2012051498 W IB 2012051498W WO 2012131605 A1 WO2012131605 A1 WO 2012131605A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- rubber
- bituminous
- mixtures
- percentage
- temperature
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L95/00—Compositions of bituminous materials, e.g. asphalt, tar, pitch
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L95/00—Compositions of bituminous materials, e.g. asphalt, tar, pitch
- C08L95/005—Aqueous compositions, e.g. emulsions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2555/00—Characteristics of bituminous mixtures
- C08L2555/10—Design or test methods for bitumen or asphalt mixtures, e.g. series of measures, procedures or tests to obtain a bitumen or asphalt mixture having preset defined properties, general or international test methods, procedures or standards
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2555/00—Characteristics of bituminous mixtures
- C08L2555/20—Mixtures of bitumen and aggregate defined by their production temperatures, e.g. production of asphalt for road or pavement applications
- C08L2555/22—Asphalt produced above 140°C, e.g. hot melt asphalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2555/00—Characteristics of bituminous mixtures
- C08L2555/30—Environmental or health characteristics, e.g. energy consumption, recycling or safety issues
- C08L2555/34—Recycled or waste materials, e.g. reclaimed bitumen, asphalt, roads or pathways, recycled roof coverings or shingles, recycled aggregate, recycled tires, crumb rubber, glass or cullet, fly or fuel ash, or slag
Definitions
- the present invention discloses a dry process for the manufacture of rubberized granulated bituminous mixtures of used tires and the respective bituminous mixtures thus obtained, as well as a method for reading the percentage of rubber.
- the dry manufacturing process consists of introducing the rubber granules directly into the mixer of the bituminous mixing plant, together with conventional bitumen and aggregates, as if it were a aggregate.
- Rubber granulate acts in part as an aggregate, however, the finer particles interact with conventional bitumen by modifying their properties, thereby improving the behavior of bituminous mixtures.
- a "rubber granulated modified bituminous mixture” or a "Rubber Addition Hot Bituminous Mixture” is obtained.
- the first uses rubber particles with a maximum size of 2 mm. As the specific surface of the rubber is reduced and the reaction period is limited, there is not enough time for the reaction to occur over the mass of the thicker rubber particles. Therefore, the Rubber particles function as a two-component system in which the finer particles (especially those passing through the 0.5mm screen) react with conventional bitumen and modify their rheology through a process similar to that of the wet track. On the other hand, the coarse particles behave as an elastic aggregate within the bituminous mineral skeleton, acting superficially in reaction with conventional bitumen and creating a cohesive rubber-bitumen interface. In Spain this technique uses a 2% addition of rubber to replace the aggregate by the total weight of the bituminous mixture.
- the second technique uses smaller rubber particles (all material passes through the 0.5 mm sieve) and in smaller quantity.
- the finer rubber particles added to the mixer act as a conventional bitumen modifier. It is a system that can be considered as intermediate between the dry route described above and the wet one.
- the dry method is a process that directly introduces the rubber into the mixer together with the heated aggregates, which has a viscosity suitable for wrapping with the bitumen, which is added later.
- Rubber granules used in the manufacture of bituminous mixtures may come from light or heavy vehicle tires.
- the rough bituminous mixture rubbers from mechanical or cryogenic grinding are used.
- the rubber to be incorporated has a particle size of 0.8 mm or less.
- It is a further object of the present invention to describe a process for obtaining a bituminous mixture comprising the following steps:
- the interaction time interval between the conventional bitumen and the rubber granulate is 60 to 90 minutes for rubber percentages of 8 to 15%.
- the interaction time between conventional bitumen and rubber granulate is from 90 to 180 minutes for rubber percentages from 8 to 15%.
- the compaction is performed using a metal mold.
- the compaction is carried out with the successive passage of a 2 roller vibrating cylinder.
- the solvent used in the first step is toluene.
- the present invention provides a dry process for the manufacture of rough-mixed bituminous rubber granules from used tires and the respective bituminous mixtures thereof.
- Rough bituminous mixtures having a high and medium percentage incorporation of rubber between 10% and 23% relative to the total binder mass are presented in this invention using a dry manufacturing process distinct from the two world known systems in which the rubber granules replaces a fraction of the mineral aggregate.
- bituminous mixtures were based on the recommended percentage of bitumen and binder and the standard practice expressed in national normative documents for the manufacture of rough bituminous mixtures with and without rubber incorporation. These include that these mixtures must have a minimum bitumen value of 5% for reference rough bituminous mixtures and be between 8% and 9% binder percentage (conventional bitumen and rubber) for rough bituminous mixtures. with a high percentage of rubber. generally these percentages determined by the Marshall empirical method.
- the mixtures presented here with medium and high rubber incorporation have a time interval of interaction between conventional bitumen and rubber granulate from 60 to 90 minutes for medium percentage rubber cases and from 90 to 180 minutes for high percentage cases.
- Bituminous mixtures with medium and high percentage of rubber incorporation using the dry route have a lower deformability modulus than non-added bituminous mixtures for test temperatures between 20 ° C and 30 ° C.
- Rubber mixtures have generally been found to exhibit greater flexibility, supported by smaller phase angles, which well underlines the resistant quality of the material to the mechanical actions that induce cracking.
- Bituminous mixtures with incorporation of medium and high percentage of rubber and manufactured at a temperature of 170 ° C show a higher fatigue strength respectively compared to the same mixtures when manufactured at a temperature of 210 ° C.
- Rubber incorporated blends manufactured at 170 ° C exhibit better fatigue behavior for high service temperatures, around 30 ° C.
- the mixtures show satisfactory permanent deformation behavior under 700 kPa test conditions and a temperature of 50 ° C.
- the present invention discloses a dry process for the manufacture of roughly mixed rubber granules from used tires and the respective bituminous mixtures thus obtained, as well as a method for reading the percentage of rubber.
- the main difference between the dry and wet pathway lies in the minimum and maximum interaction time required to achieve the physical interaction between conventional bitumen and rubber granulate, which is wet pathway. Determination prior to the manufacture of the bituminous mixture and on the dry road occurs from the manufacture of the bituminous mixture at the production plant to its application on the floor.
- MBR mixtures with high and medium percentage of rubber incorporation of between 10% and 23% relative to the total binder mass are presented, using a dry manufacturing process distinct from the two world known systems in which the rubber granulate replaces a fraction of the mineral aggregate.
- the rubber fraction shall have a maximum particle size of 0,8 mm.
- bitumen For the manufacture of MBR mixtures a percentage of final bitumen between 5% and 9% depending on the amount of rubber may be used. For mixtures up to 15% rubber 5% of bitumen should be used. If the percentage of rubber can grow to 18% we can include up to 9% of bitumen.
- the manufacturing process of the mixtures comprises the following steps:
- the various fractions remain in a forced-ventilation oven at 155 ° C for a period of 90 minutes. This period corresponds to the physical interaction time between conventional bitumen and rubber granules determined above;
- the molding of the slabs and slabs can be performed using a metal mold designed for the purpose.
- the compaction process is carried out with the successive passage of a 2 roller vibrating cylinder.
- the amount of mixture placed in the mold is determined such that the porosity of the slabs and slabs obtained after compaction is close to 5% so as to fall within the porosity limits according to specification.
- the mixtures thus obtained with medium rubber incorporation exhibit increased floor life and improved fatigue behavior compared to non-rubber mixtures at temperatures of 20 ° C and 30 ° C. Mixtures made at a temperature of 170 ° C exhibit better fatigue behavior than mixtures made at 210 ° C.
- Rubber incorporating bituminous mixtures exhibit better behavior to permanent deformation, especially when there is a difference between the softening temperature of the recovered binders and the size of the mix application stretch which makes the mixtures more resistant to this phenomenon.
- a first step we may proceed with the centrifugation test, for example according to EN 12697-1, using a solvent such as toluene which physically separates the binder, the aggregates and the rubber granules and other constituents. In this way it is possible to determine the percentage of bitumen / binder of the bituminous mixture.
- incineration tests of the rubber granulate are performed for example in a muffle according to the following steps:
Abstract
The present invention features a set of bituminous mixtures incorporating rubber from used tyres whose mixtures are obtained by a dry process, as well as a quantification method of rubber percentage. This invention presents RBM mixtures with high and medium percentage of incorporated rubber between 10% and 23% relative to the total mass of the binder, using a dry production process distinct from the two worldwide known systems in which the granulated rubber substitutes for a fraction of the mineral aggregate. In this case, no type of substitution occurs. In this way it is intended, on one hand, to contribute to a better understanding of the mechanical and functional behaviour of rough bituminous mixtures incorporating medium and high percentage of rubber from used tyres.
Description
DESCRIÇÃO DESCRIPTION
"MISTURAS BETUMINOSAS, RESPECTIVO MÉTODO DE OBTENÇÃO E MÉTODO DE QUANTIFICAÇÃO DA PERCENTAGEM DE BORRACHA" "BETUMINOUS MIXTURES, THEIR METHOD OF OBTAINING AND THE QUANTITATION METHOD OF RUBBER PERCENTAGE"
Domínio técnico da invenção Technical field of the invention
A presente invenção apresenta um processo por via seca para o fabrico de misturas betuminosas rugosas com incorporação de granulado de borracha de pneus usados e as respectivas misturas betuminosas assim obtidas, bem como um método para leitura da percentagem de borracha. The present invention discloses a dry process for the manufacture of rubberized granulated bituminous mixtures of used tires and the respective bituminous mixtures thus obtained, as well as a method for reading the percentage of rubber.
Antecedentes da Invenção Background of the Invention
Os elevados volumes de pneus em fim de vida a nível mundial constituem um considerável problema ambiental. Nos últimos anos a comunidade científica e tecnológica ligada à problemática em questão tem desenvolvido várias metodologias no sentido de reciclar e reaproveitar os pneus usados. Do estudo dessa problemática concluiu-se que uma dessas aplicações poderia ser a sua incorporação em pavimentos rodoviários. The high volumes of end-of-life tires worldwide constitute a considerable environmental problem. In recent years the scientific and technological community linked to the problem in question has developed various methodologies to recycle and reuse used tires. From the study of this problem it was concluded that one of these applications could be its incorporation in road pavements.
A ideia original da incorporação de granulado de borracha por via seca foi desenvolvida nos anos 60 por duas companhias suecas (Skega AB e Ab Vaegfoerbaetringar ) sendo comercializado com o nome comercial de Rubit . Esta tecnologia foi patenteada em 1978 com a designação PlusRide e consistia na adição de 1 a 3% de borracha em substituição do agregado, com uma granulometria que varia entre 4,2 mm e 2,0 mm. O volume de vazios da mistura betuminosa é de 2 a 4% e com uma percentagem de betume de 7,5 a 9,0%. (TFHRC, 2005, Baker et al, 2003) .
Em 1986, Takallou desenvolveu um sistema alternativo ao PlusRide chamado de "TAK genérico", utilizando uma granulometria mais fina (inferior a 1 mm) e uma incorporação de aproximadamente 2% por massa de mistura total. No entanto, o principio de interacção entre o betume convencional e a borracha tinha por base os seguintes pressupostos: (i) as partículas mais finas de borracha interactuam com o betume convencional melhorando as suas propriedades; (ii) as partículas maiores de borracha preenchem os vazios da mistura betuminosa (CEDEX, 2007) . The original idea of incorporating dry rubber granules was developed in the 1960s by two Swedish companies (Skega AB and Ab Vaegfoerbaetringar) being marketed under the trade name Rubit. This technology was patented in 1978 under the PlusRide designation and consisted of the addition of 1 to 3% rubber to replace the aggregate with a particle size ranging from 4.2 mm to 2.0 mm. The void volume of the bituminous mixture is 2 to 4% and with a bitumen percentage of 7.5 to 9.0%. (TFHRC, 2005, Baker et al, 2003). In 1986 Takallou developed an alternative system to PlusRide called "generic TAK" using finer particle size (less than 1 mm) and incorporation of approximately 2% by total mixture mass. However, the principle of interaction between conventional bitumen and rubber was based on the following assumptions: (i) the finer particles of rubber interact with conventional bitumen improving its properties; (ii) larger rubber particles fill the voids in the bituminous mixture (Cedex, 2007).
Em Espanha, segundo Aracil et al, 2009, o processo de fabrico por via seca, consiste em introduzir o granulado de borracha directamente no misturador da central de fabrico de misturas betuminosas, juntamente com o betume convencional e com os agregados, como se tratasse dum agregado. O granulado de borracha actua em parte como um agregado, no entanto, as partículas mais finas interactuam com o betume convencional modificando as suas propriedades, conseguindo-se assim, melhorar o comportamento das misturas betuminosas. Com este procedimento obtêm-se uma "mistura betuminosa modificada com granulado de borracha" ou uma "Mistura Betuminosa a Quente com Adição de Borracha". In Spain, according to Aracil et al, 2009, the dry manufacturing process consists of introducing the rubber granules directly into the mixer of the bituminous mixing plant, together with conventional bitumen and aggregates, as if it were a aggregate. Rubber granulate acts in part as an aggregate, however, the finer particles interact with conventional bitumen by modifying their properties, thereby improving the behavior of bituminous mixtures. With this procedure a "rubber granulated modified bituminous mixture" or a "Rubber Addition Hot Bituminous Mixture" is obtained.
O "Manual de empleo de caucho de NFU en mezclas bituminosas" (CEDEX, 2007) permite diferenciar duas técnicas, de acordo com o tamanho máximo das partículas de borracha : The "NFU Rubber Bump Handbook" (CEDEX, 2007) makes it possible to differentiate between two techniques according to the maximum size of the rubber particles:
A primeira utiliza partículas de borracha com tamanho máximo de 2 mm. Como a superfície específica da borracha é reduzida e o período de reacção é limitado, não existe tempo suficiente para que a reacção ocorra em toda a massa das partículas de borracha mais grossas. Assim sendo, as
partículas de borracha funcionam como um sistema de dois componentes, em que as partículas mais finas (principalmente as que passam no peneiro 0,5mm) reagem com o betume convencional e modificam a sua reologia mediante um processo similar ao da via húmida. Por outro lado, as partículas grossas comportam-se como um agregado elástico dentro do esqueleto mineral da mistura betuminosa, actuando superficialmente na reacção com o betume convencional e criando uma interface betume-borracha com coesão de ambos os materiais. Em Espanha esta técnica utiliza uma adição de 2% de borracha em substituição do agregado, por peso total da mistura betuminosa. The first uses rubber particles with a maximum size of 2 mm. As the specific surface of the rubber is reduced and the reaction period is limited, there is not enough time for the reaction to occur over the mass of the thicker rubber particles. Therefore, the Rubber particles function as a two-component system in which the finer particles (especially those passing through the 0.5mm screen) react with conventional bitumen and modify their rheology through a process similar to that of the wet track. On the other hand, the coarse particles behave as an elastic aggregate within the bituminous mineral skeleton, acting superficially in reaction with conventional bitumen and creating a cohesive rubber-bitumen interface. In Spain this technique uses a 2% addition of rubber to replace the aggregate by the total weight of the bituminous mixture.
A segunda técnica utiliza partículas de borracha de dimensão inferior (todo o material passa no peneiro 0,5 mm) e em menor quantidade. As partículas de borracha mais finas adicionadas no misturador actuam como um modificador do betume convencional. Trata-se de um sistema que se pode considerar como intermédio entre a via seca anteriormente descrita e a via húmida. The second technique uses smaller rubber particles (all material passes through the 0.5 mm sieve) and in smaller quantity. The finer rubber particles added to the mixer act as a conventional bitumen modifier. It is a system that can be considered as intermediate between the dry route described above and the wet one.
Na generalidade dos vários trabalhos já publicados visando o processo por via seca, foi sempre considerado que o granulado de borracha substitui uma parte do agregado mineral na mistura betuminosa, funcionando como um material inerte. O resultado, em geral, é que se verifica que existe falta de homogeneidade e consequentemente dificuldades de compactação e mau desempenho em campo (Mohammad et al, 2000; Airey, 2003) . In the majority of the several works already published aiming at the dry process, it was always considered that the rubber granulate substitutes a part of the mineral aggregate in the bituminous mixture, functioning as an inert material. The overall result is that there is a lack of homogeneity and consequently compaction difficulties and poor field performance (Mohammad et al, 2000; Airey, 2003).
O termo betume-borracha obtido pelo processo a seco parece pouco apropriado, já que o granulado de borracha é incorporado inicialmente ao agregado mineral a elevadas
temperaturas, para posteriormente ser adicionado o ligante convencional (Dantas, 2004). The term dry rubber bitumen seems inappropriate as rubber granulate is initially incorporated into the mineral aggregate at high temperatures, for later to be added the conventional binder (Dantas, 2004).
No Departamento de Transportes do estado de Oregon nos Estados Unidos da América os trabalhos de investigação com o processo a seco (RUMAC e Plus Ride) resultaram num fraco desempenho da mistura betuminosa (Hunt, 2002) . Os trechos experimentais realizados no Estado de Illinois-EUA apresentaram um desempenho inferior aos trechos em que foram aplicadas misturas betuminosas convencionais (Volle, 2000) . At the Oregon Department of Transportation in the United States of America research on the dry process (RUMAC and Plus Ride) has resulted in poor bitumen performance (Hunt, 2002). Experimental stretches performed in the state of Illinois-USA underperformed the stretches where conventional bituminous mixtures were applied (Volle, 2000).
O método por via seca é um processo que introduz directamente a borracha no misturador juntamente com os agregados aquecidos, ficando esta com uma viscosidade adequada para se envolver com o betume, o qual é adicionado posteriormente . The dry method is a process that directly introduces the rubber into the mixer together with the heated aggregates, which has a viscosity suitable for wrapping with the bitumen, which is added later.
O granulado de borracha utilizado no fabrico de misturas betuminosas pode ser proveniente de pneus de veículos ligeiros ou pesados. Rubber granules used in the manufacture of bituminous mixtures may come from light or heavy vehicle tires.
Sumário summary
É objectivo da presente invenção descrever uma mistura betuminosa rugosa que compreende os seguintes elementos:It is an object of the present invention to describe a rough bituminous mixture comprising the following elements:
- uma percentagem de incorporação de borracha de até 23% da massa total de ligante; - a rubber incorporation percentage of up to 23% of the total binder mass;
- uma percentagem de betume entre 5% e 9%. - a percentage of bitumen between 5% and 9%.
Numa realização preferencial da mistura betuminosa rugosa são utilizadas borrachas provenientes de trituração mecânica ou criogénica.
Ainda numa outra realização preferencial da mistura betuminosa rugosa a borracha a ser incorporada tem uma granulometria igual ou inferior a 0,8 mm. In a preferred embodiment of the rough bituminous mixture rubbers from mechanical or cryogenic grinding are used. In yet another preferred embodiment of the rough bituminous mixture the rubber to be incorporated has a particle size of 0.8 mm or less.
É ainda objectivo da presente invenção descrever um processo de obtenção de uma mistura betuminosa que compreende as seguintes etapas: It is a further object of the present invention to describe a process for obtaining a bituminous mixture comprising the following steps:
- Pesagem dos agregados; - aggregate weighing;
- Colocação das diversas fracções em estufa a temperaturas até 170°C, por um período mínimo de 2 horas; - Placing the various fractions in an oven at temperatures up to 170 ° C for a minimum of 2 hours;
Aquecimento do betume convencional em estufa sem ventilação forçada até este atingir a temperatura de 155°C; Heating of conventional bitumen in a greenhouse without forced ventilation until it reaches a temperature of 155 ° C;
- Adição do granulado de borracha proporcionalmente pesado por um período de 15 segundos; - Addition of proportionally heavy rubber granules for a period of 15 seconds;
- Adição de uma mistura de agregado mineral e borracha ao betume convencional, seguido de filer comercial, promovendo-se esta mistura por um período inferior a 3 minutos ; - Addition of a mixture of mineral aggregate and rubber to conventional bitumen, followed by commercial filer, promoting this mixture for a period of less than 3 minutes;
- Após obtenção da mistura homogénea, as diversas fracções permanecem em estufa com ventilação forçada a uma temperatura de 155°C; - After obtaining the homogeneous mixture, the various fractions remain in an oven with forced ventilation at a temperature of 155 ° C;
- Em seguida, estas misturas foram retiradas da estufa sendo espalhadas, desagregadas e esquarteladas à temperatura ambiente; - These mixtures were then removed from the greenhouse and spread, disaggregated and quartered at room temperature;
- Reaquecimento em estufa com ventilação forçada durante um período de 2 horas e 30 minutos, à temperatura de 155°C; - Reheat in an oven with forced ventilation for a period of 2 hours and 30 minutes at a temperature of 155 ° C;
- Após ser atingida a temperatura de 155°C, realiza-se a compactação . - After reaching a temperature of 155 ° C, compaction is performed.
Numa realização preferencial do processo de obtenção da mistura betuminosa o intervalo de tempo de interacção entre o betume convencional e o granulado de borracha está
compreendido entre 60 a 90 minutos para percentagens de borracha compreendidas entre 8 e 15%. In a preferred embodiment of the process of obtaining the bituminous mixture the interaction time interval between the conventional bitumen and the rubber granulate is 60 to 90 minutes for rubber percentages of 8 to 15%.
Ainda numa outra realização preferencial do processo de obtenção da mistura betuminosa o intervalo de tempo de interacção entre o betume convencional e o granulado de borracha está compreendido entre 90 a 180 minutos para percentagens de borracha compreendidas entre 8 e 15%. In yet another preferred embodiment of the process for obtaining the bituminous mixture the interaction time between conventional bitumen and rubber granulate is from 90 to 180 minutes for rubber percentages from 8 to 15%.
Numa realização preferencial do processo de obtenção da mistura betuminosa a compactação é realizada com uso de um molde metálico. In a preferred embodiment of the process of obtaining the bituminous mixture the compaction is performed using a metal mold.
Ainda numa outra realização preferencial do processo de obtenção da mistura betuminosa a compactação é realizada com a sucessiva passagem dum cilindro vibrador de 2 rolos. In yet another preferred embodiment of the process of obtaining the bituminous mixture the compaction is carried out with the successive passage of a 2 roller vibrating cylinder.
É ainda objectivo da invenção apresentar um método de quantificação da percentagem de borracha em misturas betuminosas conforme as descritas anteriormente, que compreende os seguintes passos: It is a further object of the invention to provide a method of quantifying the percentage of rubber in bituminous mixtures as described above comprising the following steps:
- Utilização de um solvente para separação dos elementos constituintes da mistura betuminosa; - Use of a solvent to separate the constituent elements of the bituminous mixture;
Secagem das amostras de borracha em estufa sem ventilação forçada, a uma temperatura inferior a 40°C, até se obter uma constância de peso; Drying of rubber samples in an oven without forced ventilation at a temperature below 40 ° C until a weight consistency is obtained;
Retirada das amostras da estufa e colocação num exsicador até à temperatura ambiente; Removal of samples from the oven and placing in a desiccator to room temperature;
- Pesagem das amostras de borracha numa balança; - Weighing of rubber samples on a scale;
Colocação das amostras na mufla à temperatura de ensaio ; Placing samples in the muffle at the test temperature;
- Manutenção das amostras no forno de mufla durante o tempo de ensaio;
Retirada das amostras da mufla e colocação num exsicador até à temperatura ambiente; - Maintenance of samples in the muffle furnace during the test time; Sampling from the muffle and placing in a desiccator to room temperature;
- Pesagem das amostras e determinação da perda de peso. - Sample weighing and weight loss determination.
Numa realização preferencial deste método de quantificação da percentagem de borracha em misturas betuminosas o solvente utilizado na primeira etapa é o tolueno. In a preferred embodiment of this method of quantifying the percentage of rubber in bituminous mixtures the solvent used in the first step is toluene.
Descrição geral da Invenção Overview of the Invention
A presente invenção apresenta um processo por via seca para o fabrico de misturas betuminosas rugosas com incorporação de granulado de borracha de pneus usados e as respectivas misturas betuminosas assim obtidas. The present invention provides a dry process for the manufacture of rough-mixed bituminous rubber granules from used tires and the respective bituminous mixtures thereof.
Nesta invenção apresentam-se misturas betuminosas rugosas (MBR) com alta e média percentagem de incorporação de borracha entre 10% e 23% relativamente à massa total de ligante, utilizando um processo de fabrico por via seca distinto dos dois sistemas mundialmente conhecidos nos quais o granulado de borracha substitui uma fracção do agregado mineral . Rough bituminous mixtures (MBR) having a high and medium percentage incorporation of rubber between 10% and 23% relative to the total binder mass are presented in this invention using a dry manufacturing process distinct from the two world known systems in which the rubber granules replaces a fraction of the mineral aggregate.
A formulação das misturas betuminosas baseou-se na percentagem de betume e ligante recomendados e na prática corrente expressa nos documentos normativos nacionais, para o fabrico de misturas betuminosas rugosas sem e com incorporação de borracha. Estes contemplam que estas misturas devem apresentar um valor mínimo de betume de 5%, no caso das misturas betuminosas rugosas de referência e estar compreendido entre uma percentagem de ligante de 8% a 9% (betume convencional e borracha) , para as misturas betuminosas rugosas com alta percentagem de borracha, sendo
em geral estas percentagens determinadas pelo método empírico Marshall. The formulation of bituminous mixtures was based on the recommended percentage of bitumen and binder and the standard practice expressed in national normative documents for the manufacture of rough bituminous mixtures with and without rubber incorporation. These include that these mixtures must have a minimum bitumen value of 5% for reference rough bituminous mixtures and be between 8% and 9% binder percentage (conventional bitumen and rubber) for rough bituminous mixtures. with a high percentage of rubber. generally these percentages determined by the Marshall empirical method.
As misturas aqui apresentadas com média e alta incorporação de borracha apresentam um intervalo de tempo de interacção entre o betume convencional e o granulado de borracha de 60 a 90 minutos para casos de média percentagem de borracha e de 90 a 180 minutos para casos de alta percentagem de borracha . The mixtures presented here with medium and high rubber incorporation have a time interval of interaction between conventional bitumen and rubber granulate from 60 to 90 minutes for medium percentage rubber cases and from 90 to 180 minutes for high percentage cases. Rubber
A interacção entre o betume convencional e o granulado de borracha estabelece uma ligação essencialmente física, o que permite quantificar o granulado de borracha que é utilizado no fabrico das misturas betuminosas. Admite-se que ocorra durante esta interacção uma modificação residual do betume convencional que se deve à passagem de características reológicas da borracha (antioxidantes utilizados no fabrico dos pneus) que são transferidos para a composição do betume. The interaction between conventional bitumen and rubber granules establishes an essentially physical connection, which makes it possible to quantify the rubber granulate that is used in the manufacture of bituminous mixtures. It is assumed that during this interaction a residual modification of conventional bitumen may occur due to the passage of rheological characteristics of rubber (antioxidants used in the manufacture of tires) which are transferred to the bitumen composition.
As misturas betuminosas com média e alta percentagem de incorporação de borracha utilizando a via seca apresentam um menor módulo de deformabilidade do que as misturas betuminosas sem adição de borracha para temperaturas de ensaios entre 20°C e 30°C. Bituminous mixtures with medium and high percentage of rubber incorporation using the dry route have a lower deformability modulus than non-added bituminous mixtures for test temperatures between 20 ° C and 30 ° C.
Geralmente verificou-se que as misturas com borracha apresentam maior flexibilidade, suportados por menores ângulos de fase, o que sublinha bem a qualidade resistente do material às acções mecânicas que induzem fendilhamento . Rubber mixtures have generally been found to exhibit greater flexibility, supported by smaller phase angles, which well underlines the resistant quality of the material to the mechanical actions that induce cracking.
A resistência à fadiga das misturas com adição de borracha que apresentam igualmente uma maior quantidade de ligante
exibem um comportamento substancialmente superior às misturas sem adição de borracha. The fatigue strength of rubber-added mixtures which also have a higher amount of binder exhibit substantially superior performance to blends without the addition of rubber.
As misturas betuminosas com incorporação de média e alta percentagem de borracha e fabricadas à temperatura de 170°C mostram uma resistência à fadiga superior, respectivamente, em relação às mesmas misturas quando fabricadas à temperatura de 210°C. Bituminous mixtures with incorporation of medium and high percentage of rubber and manufactured at a temperature of 170 ° C show a higher fatigue strength respectively compared to the same mixtures when manufactured at a temperature of 210 ° C.
As misturas com incorporação de borracha fabricadas à temperatura de 170°C apresentam um melhor comportamento à fadiga para temperaturas de serviço altas, cerca de 30°C. Rubber incorporated blends manufactured at 170 ° C exhibit better fatigue behavior for high service temperatures, around 30 ° C.
As misturas mostram um comportamento satisfatório à deformação permanente para as condições de ensaio de 700 kPa e uma temperatura de 50 °C. The mixtures show satisfactory permanent deformation behavior under 700 kPa test conditions and a temperature of 50 ° C.
Com a técnica aqui apresentada é possível resolver o problema da falta de homogeneidade bem como da performance inferior deste tipo de materiais já que permite atingir um equilíbrio no processo de interacção física entre o betume e a borracha convencionais e evita a ausência de material mineral resultante da substituição da borracha pelo mineral fraccionado na formulação da mistura betuminosa. With the technique presented here it is possible to solve the problem of inhomogeneity as well as the inferior performance of this type of materials as it achieves a balance in the physical interaction process between conventional bitumen and rubber and avoids the absence of mineral material resulting from the replacement of rubber by fractionated mineral in the formulation of the bituminous mixture.
Descrição detalhada da invenção Detailed Description of the Invention
A presente invenção apresenta um processo por via seca para o fabrico de misturas betuminosas rugosas com incorporação de granulado de borracha de pneus usados e as respectivas misturas betuminosas assim obtidas, bem como um método para leitura da percentagem de borracha.
Quando utilizado um granulado de borracha suficientemente fino, a principal diferença entre a via seca e a via húmida reside no tempo de interacção mínimo e máximo necessário para se obter a interacção física entre o betume convencional e o granulado de borracha, que na via húmida é determinado antes do fabrico da mistura betuminosa e na via seca ocorre desde o fabrico da mistura betuminosa na central de produção até a sua aplicação no pavimento. The present invention discloses a dry process for the manufacture of roughly mixed rubber granules from used tires and the respective bituminous mixtures thus obtained, as well as a method for reading the percentage of rubber. When using a sufficiently fine rubber granulate, the main difference between the dry and wet pathway lies in the minimum and maximum interaction time required to achieve the physical interaction between conventional bitumen and rubber granulate, which is wet pathway. Determination prior to the manufacture of the bituminous mixture and on the dry road occurs from the manufacture of the bituminous mixture at the production plant to its application on the floor.
Nesta invenção apresentam-se misturas de MBR com alta e média percentagem de incorporação de borracha entre 10% e 23% relativamente à massa total de ligante, utilizando um processo de fabrico por via seca distinto dos dois sistemas mundialmente conhecidos nos quais o granulado de borracha substitui uma fracção do agregado mineral. A fracção de borracha deverá ter uma granulometria máxima de 0,8 mm. In this invention MBR mixtures with high and medium percentage of rubber incorporation of between 10% and 23% relative to the total binder mass are presented, using a dry manufacturing process distinct from the two world known systems in which the rubber granulate replaces a fraction of the mineral aggregate. The rubber fraction shall have a maximum particle size of 0,8 mm.
Para o fabrico das misturas MBR poderá utilizar-se uma percentagem de betume final entre 5% e 9%, em função da quantidade de borracha. Para misturas até 15% de borracha deverão ser utilizadas percentagens de 5% de betume. Caso a percentagem de borracha possa crescer até aos 18% poderemos incluir até 9% de betume. For the manufacture of MBR mixtures a percentage of final bitumen between 5% and 9% depending on the amount of rubber may be used. For mixtures up to 15% rubber 5% of bitumen should be used. If the percentage of rubber can grow to 18% we can include up to 9% of bitumen.
O processo de fabrico das misturas compreende as seguintes etapas : The manufacturing process of the mixtures comprises the following steps:
- Pesagem dos agregados; - aggregate weighing;
Colocação das diversas fracções em estufa a temperaturas até 170°C, por um período mínimo de 2 horas ; Placing the various fractions in an oven at temperatures up to 170 ° C for a minimum of 2 hours;
- Aquecimento do betume convencional com uma penetração nominal 35/50 em estufa sem ventilação forçada até este atingir a temperatura de 155°C;
Adição do granulado de borracha proporcionalmente pesada por um período de 15 segundos, de forma a obter- se uma mistura homogénea; - Heating of conventional bitumen with a nominal penetration of 35/50 in a greenhouse without forced ventilation until it reaches a temperature of 155 ° C; Adding the proportionally heavy rubber granulate for a period of 15 seconds to obtain a homogeneous mixture;
- Adição de uma mistura de agregado mineral e borracha ao betume convencional, seguido de filer comercial, promovendo-se esta mistura por um período inferior a 3 minutos ; - Addition of a mixture of mineral aggregate and rubber to conventional bitumen, followed by commercial filer, promoting this mixture for a period of less than 3 minutes;
Após obtenção da mistura homogénea, as diversas fracções permanecem em estufa com ventilação forçada a temperatura de 155°C, por um período de 90 minutos. Este período corresponde ao tempo de interacção física entre o betume convencional e granulado de borracha determinado anteriormente; After obtaining the homogeneous mixture, the various fractions remain in a forced-ventilation oven at 155 ° C for a period of 90 minutes. This period corresponds to the physical interaction time between conventional bitumen and rubber granules determined above;
- Em seguida, estas misturas foram retiradas da estufa sendo espalhadas, desagregadas e esquarteladas à temperatura ambiente; - These mixtures were then removed from the greenhouse and spread, disaggregated and quartered at room temperature;
- Reaquecimento em estufa com ventilação forçada durante um período de 2 horas e 30 minutos, à temperatura de 155°C; - Reheat in an oven with forced ventilation for a period of 2 hours and 30 minutes at a temperature of 155 ° C;
- Após ser atingida a temperatura de 155°C, realizou-se a compactação. - After reaching a temperature of 155 ° C, compaction was performed.
A temperatura de aquecimento do betume convencional a temperaturas de 185 a 195°C, normalmente verificado no processo por via húmida, induz um envelhecimento acentuado do betume provocando o seu endurecimento e redução da elasticidade, influenciando negativamente as propriedades finais do betume-borracha . The heating temperature of conventional bitumen at temperatures of 185 to 195 ° C, normally found in the wet process, induces a marked aging of the bitumen causing its hardening and reduction of elasticity, negatively influencing the final properties of the rubber bitumen.
O processo de interacção entre o betume convencional e o granulado de borracha resulta numa maior fixação das fracções leves, nomeadamente aromáticas e resinas, a temperaturas inferiores a 170°C. Tal situação fica a dever-
se ao facto de à temperatura de 210°C ocorrer a carbonização e desvulcanizaçao do granulado de borracha. The interaction process between conventional bitumen and rubber granules results in greater fixation of light fractions, namely aromatics and resins, at temperatures below 170 ° C. Such a situation is due to It is due to the fact that at a temperature of 210 ° C carbonization and devulcanization of the rubber granulate occurs.
Para as formulações aqui apresentadas nesta invenção poderão ser utilizadas borrachas provenientes de trituração mecânica ou criogénica. For the formulations presented herein, rubbers from mechanical or cryogenic grinding may be used.
Posteriormente à obtenção da mistura betuminosa, a moldagem das lajetas e lajes pode ser realizada com recurso a um molde metálico concebido para o efeito. O processo de compactação é realizado com a sucessiva passagem dum cilindro vibrador de 2 rolos. A quantidade de mistura colocada no molde é determinada de forma a que a porosidade das lajetas e lajes obtidas após a compactação seja próxima do valor dos 5% de forma a enquadrar-se dentro dos limites de porosidade de acordo com a especificação. After obtaining the bituminous mixture, the molding of the slabs and slabs can be performed using a metal mold designed for the purpose. The compaction process is carried out with the successive passage of a 2 roller vibrating cylinder. The amount of mixture placed in the mold is determined such that the porosity of the slabs and slabs obtained after compaction is close to 5% so as to fall within the porosity limits according to specification.
As misturas assim obtidas com incorporação de média percentagem de borracha apresentam um aumento do tempo de vida dos pavimentos e uma melhoria do comportamento à fadiga quando comparadas às misturas sem incorporação de borracha para temperaturas de 20°C e 30°C. As misturas fabricadas à temperatura de 170°C apresentam um melhor comportamento à fadiga do que as mesmas misturas fabricadas a 210°C. The mixtures thus obtained with medium rubber incorporation exhibit increased floor life and improved fatigue behavior compared to non-rubber mixtures at temperatures of 20 ° C and 30 ° C. Mixtures made at a temperature of 170 ° C exhibit better fatigue behavior than mixtures made at 210 ° C.
As misturas betuminosas com incorporação de borracha apresentam um melhor comportamento à deformação permanente, em especial quando se verifica uma diferença entre a temperatura de amolecimento dos ligantes recuperados e a dimensão do trecho de aplicação da mistura o que torna as misturas mais resistentes a este fenómeno. Quanto maior a dimensão do trecho de aplicação da mistura, maior é a
diferença verificada e melhor é o comportamento à deformação permanente. Rubber incorporating bituminous mixtures exhibit better behavior to permanent deformation, especially when there is a difference between the softening temperature of the recovered binders and the size of the mix application stretch which makes the mixtures more resistant to this phenomenon. The larger the size of the mix application stretch, the larger the The difference observed and the better is the behavior to permanent deformation.
Para a determinação da percentagem da quantidade de borracha poderemos fazer uso de duas etapas fundamentais. Numa primeira fase poderemos avançar com a realização do ensaio de centrifugação, por exemplo de acordo com a EN 12697-1, utilizando um solvente como por exemplo o tolueno que permite separar fisicamente o ligante, os agregados e o granulado de borracha e outros constituintes. Desta forma é possível determinar a percentagem de betume/ligante da mistura betuminosa. To determine the percentage of the amount of rubber we can make use of two fundamental steps. In a first step we may proceed with the centrifugation test, for example according to EN 12697-1, using a solvent such as toluene which physically separates the binder, the aggregates and the rubber granules and other constituents. In this way it is possible to determine the percentage of bitumen / binder of the bituminous mixture.
Numa segunda fase, efectuam-se ensaios de incineração do granulado de borracha por exemplo numa mufla, de acordo com os seguintes passos: In a second step, incineration tests of the rubber granulate are performed for example in a muffle according to the following steps:
Secagem das amostras de borracha em estufa sem ventilação forçada, a uma temperatura inferior a 40°C, até se obter uma constância de peso; Drying of rubber samples in an oven without forced ventilation at a temperature below 40 ° C until a weight consistency is obtained;
Retirada das amostras da estufa e colocação num exsicador até à temperatura ambiente; Removal of samples from the oven and placing in a desiccator to room temperature;
- Pesagem das amostras de borracha numa balança; - Weighing of rubber samples on a scale;
Colocação das amostras na mufla à temperatura de ensaio ; Placing samples in the muffle at the test temperature;
- Manutenção das amostras no forno de mufla durante o tempo de ensaio; - Maintenance of samples in the muffle furnace during the test time;
Retirada das amostras da mufla e colocação num exsicador até à temperatura ambiente; Sampling from the muffle and placing in a desiccator to room temperature;
- Pesagem das amostras e determinação da perda de peso. - Sample weighing and weight loss determination.
Desta forma torna-se possível determinar a percentagem de borracha de pneus usados (em relação à massa total de ligante) incorporada no fabrico de misturas betuminosas.
As realizações acima descritas podem ser combinadas. As seguintes reivindicações definem adicionalmente realizações preferenciais da presente invenção.
This makes it possible to determine the percentage of used tire rubber (relative to the total binder mass) incorporated in the manufacture of bituminous mixtures. The above described embodiments may be combined. The following claims further define preferred embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. Mistura betuminosa rugosa que compreende os seguintes elementos : 1. Rough bituminous mixture comprising the following elements:
- uma percentagem de incorporação de borracha de até 23% da massa total de ligante; - a rubber incorporation percentage of up to 23% of the total binder mass;
- uma percentagem de betume entre 5% e 9%. - a percentage of bitumen between 5% and 9%.
2. Mistura betuminosa rugosa de acordo com a reivindicação anterior, em que são utilizadas borrachas provenientes de trituração mecânica ou criogénica. Rough bituminous mixture according to the preceding claim, in which rubbers from mechanical or cryogenic crushing are used.
3. Mistura betuminosa rugosa de acordo com as reivindicações anteriores, em que a borracha a ser incorporada tem uma granulometria igual ou inferior a 0,8 mm. Rough bituminous mixture according to the preceding claims, wherein the rubber to be incorporated has a particle size of 0.8 mm or less.
4. Processo de obtenção da mistura betuminosa descrito nas reivindicações 1 a 3, que compreende as seguintes etapas : Process for obtaining the bituminous mixture described in claims 1 to 3, comprising the following steps:
- Pesagem dos agregados; - aggregate weighing;
Colocação das diversas fracções em estufa a temperaturas até 170°C, por um período mínimo de 2 horas ; Placing the various fractions in an oven at temperatures up to 170 ° C for a minimum of 2 hours;
Aquecimento do betume convencional em estufa sem ventilação forçada até este atingir a temperatura de 155°C; Heating of conventional bitumen in a greenhouse without forced ventilation until it reaches a temperature of 155 ° C;
Adição do granulado de borracha proporcionalmente pesado por um período de 15 segundos; Addition of proportionally heavy rubber granulate for a period of 15 seconds;
- Adição de uma mistura de agregado mineral e borracha ao betume convencional, seguido de filer comercial, promovendo-se esta mistura por um período inferior a 3 minutos ; Após obtenção da mistura homogénea, as diversas fracções permanecem em estufa com ventilação forçada a uma temperatura de 155 °C; - Addition of a mixture of mineral aggregate and rubber to conventional bitumen, followed by commercial filer, promoting this mixture for a period of less than 3 minutes; After obtaining the homogeneous mixture, the various fractions remain in an oven with forced ventilation at a temperature of 155 ° C;
- Em seguida, estas misturas foram retiradas da estufa sendo espalhadas, desagregadas e esquarteladas à temperatura ambiente; - These mixtures were then removed from the greenhouse and spread, disaggregated and quartered at room temperature;
- Reaquecimento em estufa com ventilação forçada durante um período de 2 horas e 30 minutos, à temperatura de 155°C; - Reheat in an oven with forced ventilation for a period of 2 hours and 30 minutes at a temperature of 155 ° C;
- Após ser atingida a temperatura de 155°C, realiza-se a compactação . - After reaching a temperature of 155 ° C, compaction is performed.
5. Processo de obtenção da mistura betuminosa de acordo com a reivindicação anterior, em que o intervalo de tempo de interacção entre o betume convencional e o granulado de borracha está compreendido entre 60 a 90 minutos para percentagens de borracha compreendidas entre 8 e 15%. Process for obtaining the bituminous mixture according to the preceding claim, wherein the interaction time interval between conventional bitumen and rubber granulate is from 60 to 90 minutes for rubber percentages from 8 to 15%.
6. Processo de obtenção da mistura betuminosa de acordo com as reivindicações 4 e 5, em que o intervalo de tempo de interacção entre o betume convencional e o granulado de borracha está compreendido entre 90 a 180 minutos para percentagens de borracha compreendidas entre 8 e 15%. Process for obtaining the bituminous mixture according to claims 4 and 5, wherein the interaction time between conventional bitumen and rubber granulate is from 90 to 180 minutes for rubber percentages from 8 to 15 %.
7. Processo de obtenção da mistura betuminosa de acordo com as reivindicações 4 a 6, em que a compactação é realizada com uso de um molde metálico. Process for obtaining the bituminous mixture according to claims 4 to 6, wherein the compaction is performed using a metal mold.
8. Processo de obtenção da mistura betuminosa de acordo com as reivindicações 4 a 7, em que a compactação é realizada com a sucessiva passagem dum cilindro vibrador de 2 rolos. A process for obtaining the bituminous mixture according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein the compaction is carried out by successively passing a 2-roller vibrating cylinder.
9. Método de quantificação da percentagem de borracha em misturas betuminosas conforme as descritas nas reivindicações 1 a 3 e obtidas conforme o processo de obtenção descrito nas reivindicações 4 a 8, que compreende os seguintes passos: A method of quantifying the percentage of rubber in bituminous mixtures as described in claims 1 to 3 and obtained according to the production process described in claims 4 to 8, comprising the following steps:
- Utilização de um solvente para separação dos elementos constituintes da mistura betuminosa; - Use of a solvent to separate the constituent elements of the bituminous mixture;
Secagem das amostras de borracha em estufa sem ventilação forçada, a uma temperatura inferior a 40°C, até se obter uma constância de peso; Drying of rubber samples in an oven without forced ventilation at a temperature below 40 ° C until a weight consistency is obtained;
Retirada das amostras da estufa e colocação num exsicador até à temperatura ambiente; Removal of samples from the oven and placing in a desiccator to room temperature;
- Pesagem das amostras de borracha numa balança; - Weighing of rubber samples on a scale;
Colocação das amostras na mufla à temperatura de ensaio ; Placing samples in the muffle at the test temperature;
- Manutenção das amostras no forno de mufla durante o tempo de ensaio; - Maintenance of samples in the muffle furnace during the test time;
Retirada das amostras da mufla e colocação num exsicador até à temperatura ambiente; Sampling from the muffle and placing in a desiccator to room temperature;
- Pesagem das amostras e determinação da perda de peso. - Sample weighing and weight loss determination.
10. Método de quantificação da percentagem de borracha em misturas betuminosas de acordo com a reivindicação anterior em que o solvente utilizado na primeira etapa é o tolueno. Method of quantifying the percentage of rubber in bituminous mixtures according to the preceding claim wherein the solvent used in the first step is toluene.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PT105587 | 2011-03-28 | ||
| PT10558711 | 2011-03-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2012131605A1 true WO2012131605A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
Family
ID=46062634
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2012/051498 WO2012131605A1 (en) | 2011-03-28 | 2012-03-28 | Bituminous mixtures, production method thereof, and quantification method of rubber percentage |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2012131605A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018193453A1 (en) | 2017-04-18 | 2018-10-25 | Reinhold Cohn And Partners | Rubber composite and process for obtaining same |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5936015A (en) * | 1998-10-16 | 1999-08-10 | Creanova Inc. | Rubber-modified asphalt paving binder |
-
2012
- 2012-03-28 WO PCT/IB2012/051498 patent/WO2012131605A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5936015A (en) * | 1998-10-16 | 1999-08-10 | Creanova Inc. | Rubber-modified asphalt paving binder |
Non-Patent Citations (7)
| Title |
|---|
| "DIN Taschenbuch 163, Bitumen, Anforderungen, Prüfung", 1 April 2002, BEUTH VERLAG GMBH, Berlin, ISBN: 978-3-41-015352-8, article ANONYMOUS: "DIN 52005, Prüfung bituminöser Bindemittel, Bestimmung der Asche (Testing of bituminous binder, determination of ash)", pages: 23 - 25, XP055034606 * |
| A. SLUITER ET AL: "Determination of Ash in Biomass (Laboratory Analytical Procedure, LAP)", TECHNICAL REPORT NREL/TP-510-42622, 1 January 2008 (2008-01-01), pages 1 - 8, XP055034603, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.nrel.gov/biomass/pdfs/42622.pdf> [retrieved on 20120803] * |
| ANONYMOUS: "Crumb Rubber Modifier, Workshop Notes", 1 January 1993 (1993-01-01), pages 1 - 295, XP055031446, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://isddc.dot.gov/OLPFiles/FHWA/013377.pdf> [retrieved on 20120702] * |
| ANONYMOUS: "Draft Önorm EN 12687-1, Bituminous mixtures - Test method for hot mix asphalt, Part 1: Soluble binder content", 1 December 2011 (2011-12-01), pages 1 - 10, XP055034539, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.astandis.at/shopV5/search/FastSearch.action?__fsk=570470190> [retrieved on 20120802] * |
| DOUGLAS D. CARLSON ET AL: "Asphalt-Rubber, An Anchor to Crumb Rubber markets", THIRD JOINT UNCTAD/ISRG WORKSHOP ON RUBBER AND THE ENVIRONMENT, 7 October 1999 (1999-10-07), Veracruz, Mexico, pages 1 - 30, XP055034534, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://ebookbrowse.com/4-5-asphalt-rubber-an-anchor-to-crumb-rubber-markets-pdf-d22568791> [retrieved on 20120802] * |
| MARK S. BUNCHER: "Evaluating the Effects of the Wet and Dry Process for Inclusding Crumb Rubber Modifier in Hot Mix Asphalt", DISSERTATION, 30 August 1995 (1995-08-30), Auburn, Alabama, USA, pages 1 - 186, XP055034600, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://asphaltrubber.org/ARTIC/RPA_A1059.pdf> [retrieved on 20120803] * |
| PER REDELIUS: "Bitumen Solubility Model Using Hansen Solubility Parameter", ENERGY & FUELS, vol. 18, no. 4, 1 July 2004 (2004-07-01), pages 1087 - 1092, XP055034561, ISSN: 0887-0624, DOI: 10.1021/ef0400058 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018193453A1 (en) | 2017-04-18 | 2018-10-25 | Reinhold Cohn And Partners | Rubber composite and process for obtaining same |
| US10308551B2 (en) | 2017-04-18 | 2019-06-04 | Jorge B. Sousa | Rubber composite and process for obtaining same |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Akisetty et al. | High temperature properties of rubberized binders containing warm asphalt additives | |
| Mashaan et al. | An overview of crumb rubber modified asphalt | |
| Hassan et al. | A review of crumb rubber modification in dry mixed rubberised asphalt mixtures | |
| Moreno et al. | The mechanical performance of dry-process crumb rubber modified hot bituminous mixes: The influence of digestion time and crumb rubber percentage | |
| Milad et al. | A review of the feasibility of using crumb rubber derived from end-of-life tire as asphalt binder modifier | |
| US20160137843A1 (en) | Recycled room-temperature asphalt composition and road paving method | |
| Sousa et al. | Reacted and activated rubber: elastomeric asphalt extender | |
| PT1606344E (en) | Bituminous binder and method for the production thereof | |
| Shen et al. | Recycling of laboratory-prepared reclaimed asphalt pavement mixtures containing crumb rubber–modified binders in hot-mix asphalt | |
| WO2002010285A1 (en) | Improved pavement material | |
| Liu et al. | Influence of the chemical composition and the morphology of crumb rubbers on the rheological and self-healing properties of bitumen | |
| Bilema et al. | Moisture sensitivity of crumb rubber modified modifier warm mix asphalt additive for two different compaction temperatures | |
| WO2012160554A1 (en) | Modified hot-mix asphalt with anti-rutting properties and method of manufacturing the same | |
| Eltwati et al. | Effect of crumb rubber particles on the properties of asphalt | |
| CN112074578A (en) | Engineered crumb rubber compositions for asphalt binders and paving mix applications | |
| Hassan et al. | Evaluation on mix design and rutting resistance of dry mixed rubberised asphalt mixtures | |
| WO2012131605A1 (en) | Bituminous mixtures, production method thereof, and quantification method of rubber percentage | |
| Kara et al. | Use of ceramic wastes in road pavement design | |
| James et al. | The benefits of using ordinary Portland cement in solvent free dense graded bituminous emulsion mixtures | |
| Abd Tayh et al. | Effect of blending speed and blade level on the properties of reclaimed rubber modified bitumen | |
| Li et al. | Analysis of the rheological performance of composite asphalt rubber and the influence of gradation types on its mixture prepared under the optimal specifications | |
| Bayagoob et al. | A brief overview of utilizing crumb rubber as asphalt binder modifier | |
| Bakar et al. | The effect of crumb rubber on the physical and rheological properties of modified binder | |
| Hadiwardoyo et al. | Rut depth characteristics on hot mix asphalt with addition nano crumb rubber | |
| Hassana et al. | A review of crumb rubber modification in dry mixed rubberised asphalt mixtures |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 12720584 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| 122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 12720584 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |