WO2012122870A1 - 新型变压器试验电源 - Google Patents

新型变压器试验电源 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012122870A1
WO2012122870A1 PCT/CN2012/071439 CN2012071439W WO2012122870A1 WO 2012122870 A1 WO2012122870 A1 WO 2012122870A1 CN 2012071439 W CN2012071439 W CN 2012071439W WO 2012122870 A1 WO2012122870 A1 WO 2012122870A1
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Prior art keywords
phase
power supply
transformer
test
power
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PCT/CN2012/071439
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
于淼
王�锋
徐颖
王晗
何银萍
卞琛
韩雨坤
张黎黎
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荣信电力电子股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2012122870A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012122870A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/62—Testing of transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/0077—Plural converter units whose outputs are connected in series

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a novel frequency conversion test power source for transformer test. Dragon
  • the transformer directly affects the safe and stable operation of the power system. Therefore, the transformer needs to be tested before leaving the factory. The purpose of the transformer test is to obtain its performance data, which is used to determine whether the transformer is qualified or not.
  • the transformer has to do three tests: routine test, type test and special test.
  • the traditional transformer test power supply uses a different-turn motor to assist the start-up unit. The twisting machine will drag the same motor to its rated speed, the different motor will be powered off, and the same unit will be switched to the bypass.
  • the output side of the generator is equipped with a reactive power compensation device to provide reactive current compensation for the transformer test.
  • the disadvantages of the traditional transformer test power supply are: large area, small variable output frequency range; poor reliability; large operating noise; complicated operation; need to increase the noise.
  • the motor assists in starting, running and maintenance is cumbersome; Summary of the invention
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a new type of transformer test power source, which directly uses the high voltage variable frequency test power source as a transformer test power source, and outputs various frequency voltages required for the test; the test power source can output continuously adjustable Three-phase AC with voltage and frequency adjustment range of 0 ⁇ 200Hz provides wide voltage regulation frequency range for transformer test.
  • a new type of transformer test power supply including a high voltage variable frequency test power supply, an intermediate step-up transformer, a reactive power compensation device, a high voltage variable frequency test power supply connected to an intermediate step-up transformer, an intermediate step-up transformer connected to the tested transformer; an input end of the tested transformer Connect the reactive power compensation device.
  • the high-voltage variable frequency test power supply adopts a power unit series multi-level structure, the basic structure of the power unit is a three-phase rectification and single-phase inverter circuit, and the auxiliary side windings of the phase shifting transformer are three groups, each group Three power units of the same level are respectively supplied with power, and a plurality of power units of each phase are connected in series to form a star-connected three-phase high-voltage power supply output.
  • the high-voltage variable frequency test power supply adopts a power unit series multi-level structure, and the basic structure of the power unit is a three-phase rectification and single-phase inverter circuit;
  • the secondary windings are grouped into three groups, each group supplying power to three power units of the same level, and multiple power units of each phase are connected in series, and the V-phase end is connected according to the U-phase end, and the V-phase end is connected.
  • the U-phase head end and the W-phase head end serve as the outlet end, and the work will be performed.
  • the rate units are connected phase by side, so that the high-voltage variable frequency test power supply outputs the single-phase alternating current required for the test.
  • the input side of the power unit is provided with a fuser, the rectifier side is composed of diodes Da, Db, Dc, Dd, De, Df to form a rectifier circuit, the capacitor group C constitutes a DC filter link, and the capacitor group C is connected with a protection resistor R;
  • the side controllable power switching devices VT-a, VT-b, VT-c, and VT-d implement 3-level voltage output.
  • the test power supply of the transformer of the invention adopts a phase shifting transformer and a high-voltage frequency conversion test power supply in series, and has a wide voltage and frequency adjustment range, which can meet the slow/rapid boost of the power supply output voltage of the transformer test, and the long-time load operation.
  • Various requirements such as high-frequency operation; eliminating the intermediate frequency generator set in the traditional test power supply, voltage and frequency can be separately controlled; with good reliability, small footprint, simple operation, convenient maintenance, low running noise, Advantages such as mobility.
  • the new transformer test power supply the reactive power required for the test is completely provided by the reactive power compensation device.
  • the reactive power compensation device is selected by the reactive power required by the calculation system, thereby reducing the capacity of the frequency conversion test power supply and reducing its output power and output current. .
  • the load is capacitive.
  • the reactive power absorbed by the reactor is increased, and the reactor can be reduced by the reactor to the input phase shifting transformer of the variable frequency test power supply. Interference, protect the quality of the power grid.
  • Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a new transformer test power supply
  • Figure 2 is a topological structural diagram of a high voltage variable frequency test power supply
  • Figure 3 is a basic structural diagram of a power unit
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the single-phase test frequency conversion test power supply wiring. Detailed ways
  • the new transformer test power supply including high voltage variable frequency test power supply 1, intermediate step-up transformer 2, reactive power compensation device, high voltage variable frequency test power supply connected to intermediate step-up transformer 2, intermediate step-up transformer 2 connected to test transformer 3
  • the input end of the transformer 3 to be tested is connected to a reactive power compensation device.
  • the high-voltage frequency conversion test power supply adopts a power unit series multi-level structure
  • the basic structure of the power unit is a three-phase rectification and single-phase inverter circuit
  • the auxiliary side windings of the phase shifting transformer are three.
  • the group supplies power to three power units of the same level, and multiple power units of each phase are connected in series to form a star-connected three-phase high-voltage power supply output.
  • the power unit input side fuses F l, F2 implement a protection function.
  • the rectifier side is composed of diodes Da, Db, Dc, Dd, De, Df form a rectifier circuit
  • capacitor group C constitutes a DC filter link
  • resistor R realizes DC side voltage equalization and provides a discharge channel for capacitor group C after the variable frequency power supply is stopped, which serves as a protection function.
  • the inverter side controllable power switching devices VT-a, VT-b, VT-c, VT-d realize 3-level voltage output.
  • the high-voltage variable frequency test power supply adopts direct high-voltage input, high-high mode of direct high-voltage output, or high-low-high frequency conversion mode, which simplifies the system structure.
  • each power unit is completely consistent in structure and electrical performance, and can be universally interchanged, which enhances the reliability and maintainability of the high-voltage variable frequency test power supply.
  • the power unit is the smallest unit that constitutes the high-voltage variable frequency test power supply, and its basic topology is a three-phase rectification/single-phase inverter circuit.
  • the rectifier circuit rectifies the three-phase AC power supply provided by the secondary winding of the phase shifting transformer into a pulsating DC power supply, and after being filtered by a large-capacity capacitor, a stable DC power supply can be obtained.
  • An equivalent sinusoidal single-phase AC output is obtained by sinusoidally modulated PWM control of an inverter bridge composed of IGBTs.
  • the output voltage of the high-voltage variable frequency test power supply is determined by the number of power units connected in series. By connecting the power units in series, the output voltages of multiple power units are superimposed to obtain a stepped sinusoidal PWM waveform. Using the doubling technology, the harmonic content in the output voltage of the high-voltage variable frequency test power supply is eliminated to the utmost extent, and the voltage waveform is close to the standard sine wave, which greatly improves the output performance of the frequency conversion test power supply.
  • the device adopts a multi-level series superposition technology of phase shifting transformer and power unit, which can eliminate the harmonic current generated by the power electronic device in the power unit in the power grid, and can maintain the input power factor close to 1, which greatly improves.
  • the quality of the grid side power supply is a multi-level series superposition technology of phase shifting transformer and power unit, which can eliminate the harmonic current generated by the power electronic device in the power unit in the power grid, and can maintain the input power factor close to 1, which greatly improves.
  • the quality of the grid side power supply can eliminate the harmonic current generated by the power electronic device in the power unit in the power grid, and can maintain the input power factor close to 1, which greatly improves.
  • the quality of the grid side power supply can eliminate the harmonic current generated by the power electronic device in the power unit in the power grid, and can maintain the input power factor close to 1, which greatly improves.
  • test power supply can provide a variety of series stages according to different voltage levels and test requirements, but the basic working principle is the same regardless of the number of series stages.
  • the primary side of the phase shifting transformer is connected to the busbar power grid through a high voltage isolating switch, and the busbar voltage is stepped down by a plurality of sets of secondary windings, and then input to a high voltage variable frequency test power supply, and the output of the high voltage variable frequency test power supply is connected via an intermediate stepping transformer. Test the transformer.
  • the power unit in the power cabinet Before the high-voltage variable frequency test power supply is operated, the power unit in the power cabinet is charged by the charging resistor to reduce the charging current, and the safety of the rectifier module and the power capacitor in the power unit during the charging process is protected. After the charging process is finished, the charging resistor is bypassed manually or automatically by a high-pressure vacuum contactor to put the high-voltage variable frequency test power supply into operation.
  • the high-voltage variable frequency test power supply provides the active power required for the test, and the reactive power is provided by the reactive power compensation device.
  • variable frequency test power supply By setting the test power supply boost time, the high-voltage variable frequency test power supply frequency is slowly increased to 50 Hz.
  • the control panel of the high-voltage variable frequency test power supply is boosted and lowered by the control panel according to the test requirements, while maintaining the frequency unchanged by the control panel. Pressure control.
  • the variable frequency test power supply can output AC power with a three-phase asymmetry of less than 5% according to the test requirements.
  • the frequency of the high-voltage variable frequency test power supply is rapidly increased to 50 Hz. According to the test requirements, the output voltage is boosted and step-down controlled by the control panel while maintaining the same frequency.
  • the control method of the high-voltage variable frequency test power supply in the temperature rise test is the same as the load test. The difference is that the high-voltage variable frequency test power supply in the temperature rise test runs with load for a long time.
  • the frequency is given, and the high-voltage variable frequency test power supply is set to output 150Hz alternating current, and the voltage is input to the tested transformer through the intermediate transformer. Then, the voltage is externally given through the control panel, so that the high-voltage variable frequency test power supply outputs the voltage required for the test.
  • the load is capacitive, and the reactive power flows to the variable frequency test power supply. Therefore, the reactor is added to the output side of the variable frequency test power supply to absorb the reactive power of the feedback.
  • the test power supply neutral point is opened.
  • the high-voltage variable frequency test power supply adopts a series of power units in series.
  • Level structure the basic structure of the power unit is a three-phase rectification and single-phase inverter circuit; the secondary windings of the phase-shifting transformer are three, and each group supplies power to three power units of the same level.
  • a plurality of power units of one phase are connected in series, and the end of the V phase is connected to the end of the V phase according to the U phase end, and the end of the V phase is connected to the end of the W phase, and the head end of the U phase and the head end of the W phase are used as the outlet end, and the power units are connected one by one.
  • the high-voltage variable frequency test power supply outputs the single-phase alternating current required for the test. By setting the boosting time, the output voltage of the high-voltage variable frequency test power supply rises rapidly. Then, according to the test requirements, the output voltage is boosted and stepped down by the control panel while keeping the frequency unchanged at 50 Hz.

Description

新型变压器试验电源 技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于变压器试验的新型变频试验电源。 龍
变压器作为电力系统最重要的电气主设备之一，其运行状态直接影响着电力系统的安全 稳定运行。 因此， 变压器在出厂之前需进行变压器试验。进行变压器试验的目的是取得其性 能数据， 用来判定变压器合格与否。
根据《GB1094.1-1996》规定， 变压器要做三种试验： 例行试验、 型式试验和特殊试验。 传统的变压器试验电源采用异歩电动机协助同歩机组起动的方式。异歩机将同歩机电动 机拖动至其额定转速附近， 异歩电动机断电， 并将同歩机组切换至旁路。 同歩发电机输出侧 配置无功补偿装置， 为变压器试验提供无功电流补偿。传统的变压器试验电源的缺点是： 占 地面积大， 电源输出频率可变范围小； 可靠稳定性差； 运行噪声大； 操作复杂； 需增加异歩 电动机协助起动， 运行及维护繁琐； 可移动性差。 发明内容
为解决现有技术的不足， 本发明的目的是提供一种新型变压器试验电源， 将高压变频试 验电源直接作为变压器试验电源， 输出试验所需各种频率电压； 该试验电源能够输出连续可 调的电压， 频率调节范围为 0〜200Hz的三相交流电， 为变压器试验提供宽调压调频范围。
为实现上述目的， 本发明通过以下技术方案实现：
一种新型变压器试验电源， 包括高压变频试验电源、 中间升压变压器、 无功补偿装置， 高压变频试验电源连接中间升压变压器， 中间升压变压器与被试变压器相连接； 被试变压器 的输入端连接无功补偿装置。
所述的高压变频试验电源采用功率单元串联多电平结构，功率单元基本结构为交一直一 交三相整流、 单相逆变电路； 移相变压器的副边绕组三个为一组， 每组分别向同一级的三个 功率单元供电， 每一相的多个功率单元串联在一起， 组成星型连接的三相高压电源输出。
在进行工频耐压试验单相输出时，所述的高压变频试验电源采用功率单元串联多电平结 构， 功率单元基本结构为交一直一交三相整流、 单相逆变电路； 移相变压器的副边绕组三个 为一组， 每组分别向同一级的三个功率单元供电， 每一相的多个功率单元串联在一起， 按照 U相末端连接 V相首端， V相末端连接 W相末端， U相首端与 W相首端作为出线端， 将功 率单元逐相连接起来， 使得高压变频试验电源输出试验所需的单相交流电。
所述功率单元输入侧设有焙断器， 整流侧由二极管 D-a、 D-b、 D-c、 D-d, D-e、 D-f组 成整流电路， 电容组 C构成直流滤波环节， 电容组 C并联有保护电阻 R; 逆变侧可控功率 开关器件 VT-a、 VT-b、 VT-c, VT-d实现 3电平电压输出。
与现有技术相比， 本发明的有益效果是：
本发明变压器试验电源， 采用移相变压器与高压变频试验电源串联的方式， 具有较宽的 电压和频率调节范围， 可满足变压器试验对电源输出电压的缓慢 /急速升压， 长时带负载运 行， 高频运行等各种要求； 省去传统的试验电源中的中频发电机组， 电压与频率可分别进行 控制； 具有可靠稳定性好， 占地面积小， 操作简单， 维护方便， 运行噪声小， 可移动性强等 优势。
新型变压器试验电源， 试验所需无功功率完全由无功补偿装置提供， 通过计算系统所需 要的无功功率选择无功补偿装置， 以此降低变频试验电源的容量， 降低其输出功率及输出电 流。对于两项耐压试验中， 负载呈容性， 为避免电流向变频试验电源流动， 增加电抗器吸收 回馈的无功功率， 同时可以通过电抗器减小系统对变频试验电源输入侧移相变压器的干扰， 保护电网质量。 國綱
图 1是新型变压器试验电源的结构图；
图 2是高压变频试验电源的拓扑结构图；
图 3是功率单元的基本结构图；
图 4是单相试验变频试验电源接线示意图。 具体实施方式
见图 1， 新型变压器试验电源， 包括高压变频试验电源 1、 中间升压变压器 2、无功补偿 装置，高压变频试验电源连接中间升压变压器 2，中间升压变压器 2与被试变压器 3相连接; 被试变压器 3的输入端连接无功补偿装置。
见图 2， 高压变频试验电源采用功率单元串联多电平结构， 功率单元基本结构为交一直 一交三相整流、 单相逆变电路； 移相变压器的副边绕组三个为一组， 每组分别向同一级的三 个功率单元供电， 每一相的多个功率单元串联在一起， 组成星型连接的三相高压电源输出。
见图 3，功率单元输入侧焙断器 F l、 F2实现保护功能。整流侧由二极管 D-a、 D-b、 D-c、 D-d, D-e、 D-f组成整流电路， 电容组 C构成直流滤波环节， 电阻 R实现直流侧均压并在变 频电源停机后为电容组 C提供放电通道，起保护作用。逆变侧可控功率开关器件 VT-a、 VT-b、 VT-c、 VT-d实现 3电平电压输出。
本发明变压器试验电源的结构及原理叙述如下：
高压变频试验电源采用直接高压输入， 直接高压输出的高-高方式， 或较高-低-高变频方 式， 简化了系统结构。采用功率单元串联多电平技术， 每个功率单元在结构和电气性能上完 全一致， 可以通用互换， 增强了高压变频试验电源的可靠性与维护性。
功率单元是组成高压变频试验电源的最小单位， 其基本拓扑为交一直一交三相整流 /单 相逆变电路。 整流电路将移相变压器副边绕组提供的三相交流电源整流为脉动的直流电源， 经过大容量的电容滤波后， 可以得到稳定的直流电源。 通过对由 IGBT组成的逆变桥进行正 弦调制的 PWM控制， 得到等效正弦的单相交流输出。
高压变频试验电源的输出电压的大小由功率单元串联个数决定。通过功率单元串联， 多 个功率单元的输出电压进行叠加， 得到阶梯正弦的 PWM波形。 采用叠波技术， 最大限度的 消除了高压变频试验电源输出电压中的谐波含量， 电压波形接近于标准的正弦波， 大大改善 了变频试验电源的输出性能。
本装置采用移相变压器与功率单元多电平串联叠加技术，可以消除电网中因功率单元内 电力电子器件工作而产生的谐波电流， 并且能保持接近 1的输入功率因数， 极大的改善了网 侧电源的质量。
试验电源根据不同的电压等级以及试验的要求， 可提供多种串联级数， 但不论串联级数 多少， 其基本工作原理都是一致的。
变频试验电源工作过程
移相变压器的原边通过高压隔离开关连接到母线电网，母线电压经多组副边绕组降压移 相后， 输入到高压变频试验电源， 高压变频试验电源的输出经中间升压变压器接入被试变压 器。
在高压变频试验电源运行前，通过充电电阻向功率柜内功率单元充电，以减小充电电流， 保护功率单元内的整流模块及电力电容在充电过程中的安全。在充电过程结束后， 通过高压 真空接触器手动或自动地将充电电阻旁路掉， 使高压变频试验电源进入工作状态。
在变压器试验中， 高压变频试验电源提供试验所需的有功功率， 无功功率由无功补偿装 置提供。 1. 空载试验（缓慢升压）
通过设置试验电源升压时间， 使得高压变频试验电源频率缓慢上升至 50Hz， 通过高压 变频试验电源的控制面板根据试验要求， 通过控制面板， 保持频率不变的情况下， 对输出电 压进行升压降压控制。变频试验电源可以按照试验要求输出三相不对称度小于 5%的交流电。
2. 负载试验（迅速升压）
通过设置高压变频试验电源升压时间， 使得高压变频试验电源频率迅速上升至 50Hz， 根据试验要求， 通过控制面板， 保持频率不变的情况下， 对输出电压进行升压降压控制。
3. 温升试验（长时带负载）
温升试验中高压变频试验电源的控制方式与负载试验相同， 区别在于， 温升试验中高压 变频试验电源长期带负载运行。
4. 感应耐压试验（高频运行）
先通过频率给定，设定高压变频试验电源输出 150Hz交流电， 电压经中间变压器输入到 被试变压器。再通过控制面板对电压进行外部给定， 使得高压变频试验电源输出试验要求的 电压。感应耐压试验中， 负载呈容性， 无功功率流向变频试验电源， 因此在变频试验电源输 出侧增加电抗器， 吸收回馈的无功功率。
5. 工频耐压试验（单相）
如图 1、 图 2、 图 3、 图 4所示， 试验电源中性点打开， 通过切换柜， 在进行工频耐压试 验单相输出时， 所述的高压变频试验电源采用功率单元串联多电平结构， 功率单元基本结构 为交一直一交三相整流、单相逆变电路； 移相变压器的副边绕组三个为一组， 每组分别向同 一级的三个功率单元供电， 每一相的多个功率单元串联在一起， 按照 U相末端连接 V相首 端， V相末端连接 W相末端， U相首端与 W相首端作为出线端，将功率单元逐相连接起来， 使得高压变频试验电源输出试验所需的单相交流电。通过对升压时间的设定， 使得高压变频 试验电源输出电压快速上升。 然后再根据试验要求， 通过控制面板， 保持频率 50Hz不变的 情况下， 对输出电压进行升压降压控制。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种新型变压器试验电源， 其特征在于， 包括高压变频试验电源、 中间升压变压器、 无功补偿装置， 高压变频试验电源连接中间升压变压器， 中间升压变压器与被试变压器相连 接； 被试变压器的输入端连接无功补偿装置。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的新型变压器试验电源， 其特征在于， 所述的高压变频试验电 源采用功率单元串联多电平结构，功率单元基本结构为交一直一交三相整流、单相逆变电路； 移相变压器的副边绕组三个为一组， 每组分别向同一级的三个功率单元供电， 每一相的多个 功率单元串联在一起， 组成星型连接的三相高压电源输出。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的新型变压器试验电源， 其特征在于， 在进行工频耐压试验单 相输出时， 所述的高压变频试验电源采用功率单元串联多电平结构， 功率单元基本结构为交 一直一交三相整流、 单相逆变电路； 移相变压器的副边绕组三个为一组， 每组分别向同一级 的三个功率单元供电， 每一相的多个功率单元串联在一起， 按照 U相末端连接 V相首端， V 相末端连接 W相末端， U相首端与 W相首端作为出线端， 将功率单元逐相连接起来， 使得 高压变频试验电源输出试验所需的单相交流电。
4、 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的新型变压器试验电源， 其特征在于， 功率单元输入侧设 有焙断器， 整流侧由二极管 D-a、 D-b、 D-c、 D-d, D-e、 D-f组成整流电路， 电容组 C构成 直流滤波环节， 电容组 C并联有保护电阻 R; 逆变侧可控功率开关器件 VT-a、 VT-b、 VT-c、 VT-d实现 3电平电压输出。
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