WO2012120683A1

WO2012120683A1 - Insulation resistance detection circuit

Info

Publication number: WO2012120683A1
Application number: PCT/JP2011/055673
Authority: WO
Inventors: 義人今井
Original assignee: 三菱電機株式会社
Priority date: 2011-03-10
Filing date: 2011-03-10
Publication date: 2012-09-13
Also published as: JPWO2012120683A1

Abstract

A CPU (4) calculates an insulation resistance value of a direct current power supply (2) using: a first current value, which is measured on the basis of a voltage (Vm21) (first measured voltage) measured by means of a divided voltage measuring circuit (6), and on a current (Isence1) (first grounding current) measured by means of a current measuring circuit (8), said voltage and said current having been measured when a switch (S1) is opened; and a second current value, which is measured on the basis of a voltage (Vm22) (second measured voltage) measured by means of the divided voltage measuring circuit (6), and a current (Isence2) (second grounding current) measured by means of the current measuring circuit (8), said voltage and said current having been measured when the switch (S1) is closed. Time intervals, at which the switch (S1) is opened and closed, said time intervals determining measuring times for measuring the first and the second current values, are variably set, corresponding to a change quantity between the first and the second grounding currents measured by means of the current measuring circuit (8).

Description

Insulation resistance detection circuit

The present invention relates to an insulation resistance detection circuit for measuring an insulation resistance of a DC power supply configured by connecting a plurality of power supply units in series and parallel.

A solar cell, a fuel cell, and the like are known as a DC power source configured by connecting a plurality of power source units in series and parallel. Since a system that generates AC power using such a DC power supply is configured by combining a DC power supply and a power converter (power conditioner), in the insulation resistance standard that should be satisfied as a system from the viewpoint of ensuring safety, The insulation resistance value to be satisfied by each component is determined.

As a power conditioner, the non-insulated power conditioner that supplies the converted AC power directly to the load without an insulating transformer is widely used because it has a feature that can improve the power conversion efficiency at low cost. Has been. In the system using this non-insulated power conditioner, there is no insulation transformer as an insulating means between the power generation side and the load side, so in the non-insulated power conditioner, the insulation resistance deterioration at the input DC power supply is caused to the load. It is required to take measures to prevent the impact. Hereinafter, in order to facilitate understanding, a solar power generation system will be described as an example.

A solar cell used in a photovoltaic power generation system is configured by connecting a plurality of solar cell modules in series and parallel. The ground insulation resistance value of each solar cell module is very high (for example, 1000 MΩ), but when the 100 solar cell modules are connected in series, for example, the ground insulation resistance value is reduced to 10 MΩ. Since the leakage current of the solar cell module is proportional to the area, the total insulation resistance of the solar cell having a large capacity by greatly increasing the number of solar cell modules is greatly reduced. Therefore, in a photovoltaic power generation system with a large capacity, even if it is a normal solar cell module, the overall insulation resistance decreases, and the insulation resistance standard required for the photovoltaic power generation system and the insulation resistance of the normal solar cell module group And the difference is becoming a problem. However, since it is expensive to further increase the insulation resistance of each solar cell module, it is difficult to cope with it.

Therefore, in a solar power generation system, in a non-insulated power conditioner used as a grid-connected device to the distribution system, before connecting the converted AC power to the distribution system, the insulation resistance of the solar cell that is the DC power supply It is necessary to provide a function of self-diagnosis whether or not is equal to or greater than a predetermined value required by the system.

The insulation resistance detection circuit targeted by the present invention is a non-insulated power conditioner for converting a DC power source configured by connecting a plurality of power supply units in series and parallel. It is a circuit for measuring the insulation resistance of the DC power supply. In a DC power supply in which multiple power supply units are connected in series and parallel, the ground fault location occurs at an arbitrary voltage point. Therefore, for the insulation resistance detection circuit, the ground fault resistance regardless of the ground fault voltage point. Is required to be measured.

As a method for measuring the ground fault resistance, for example, the method proposed in Patent Document 1 is helpful. That is, in Patent Document 1, if the unknown point is supplemented, the unknowns in the ground fault resistance measurement are the ground fault voltage point where the insulation resistance has deteriorated and the insulation resistance value. It can be said that the example of a structure which measures by 2 voltages and calculates | requires the unknown number of ground fault resistance is proposed.

International Publication No. 2004/093284

The purpose of the insulation resistance detection circuit is to measure the ground fault resistance regardless of the ground fault voltage point, but in order to ensure and improve its measurement accuracy, the measurement time is determined and the circuit configuration is devised. It is necessary to consider from both sides. The method of determining the measurement time is not shown in Patent Document 1.

First, although not taken into account in Patent Document 1, since a solar cell module generally grounds a module frame to the ground, the solar cell power supply has a stray capacitance with respect to the ground. In addition, when the ground floating capacity is raining, the water film on the surface of the solar cell is greatly increased by forming a conductive ground electrode. As a result, the total ground capacity value of the solar cell greatly increases due to the number of connected solar cell modules and rainfall. Therefore, in order to accurately measure the insulation resistance of the solar cell, it is necessary to set a measurement time in consideration of the maximum charging time for the floating capacitance to the ground.

In solar cells, the general start-up is during the sunrise time, but the generated voltage changes greatly during the sunrise time, so there is a waiting time until the generated voltage stabilizes. Necessary.

Conventionally, in order to perform accurate measurement, the measurement time is set to be long, so even in normal operation in fine weather, even if the voltage generated by the solar cells reaches a voltage that can be connected, The power generation efficiency of the power generation system has been reduced.

On the other hand, as shown in Patent Document 1, the measurement circuit uses a voltage dividing ratio of a voltage dividing circuit that generates an intermediate potential of the output voltage of the DC power supply (the voltage dividing output terminal is connected to the circuit ground). The first current flowing from the voltage dividing output terminal of the voltage dividing circuit to the earth ground when the voltage dividing ratio is the first value and the voltage dividing ratio being the second value are changed to the first value and the second value. Sometimes configured to take a second current flowing from the voltage divider output end of the voltage divider circuit to earth ground and measure the ground fault resistance.

This measurement circuit has the following problems. First, if there is a part of the leakage current that changes in temperature or aging (for example, an aluminum electrolytic capacitor) in parallel with the voltage divider circuit, the accuracy of the voltage division ratio as the equivalent impedance of the voltage divider circuit decreases, and the possibility of linkage is determined. The accuracy of the determination level to be determined decreases. Further, the voltage division ratio is switched using a semiconductor switch such as an FET, but a leakage current in the semiconductor switch portion also causes a decrease in the accuracy of the determination level.

In this case, since the insulation resistance value required for the solar cell module increases when the judgment level is set to the judgment standard obtained by adding a reduction in judgment accuracy so as to satisfy the insulation resistance value required by law and regulation, it is expensive. A solar cell module is required, making it difficult to increase the capacity. In addition, the measurement accuracy can be improved by reducing the resistance of the voltage dividing resistor. However, in the configuration shown in Patent Document 1, there is a problem of an increase in power consumption of the voltage dividing resistor and resistance heat generation. It cannot be used easily.

The present invention has been made in view of the above, and the insulation resistance of a DC power supply configured by connecting a plurality of power supply units in series and parallel is used to change the ground floating capacitance of the DC power supply or the output voltage of the DC power supply. It is an object of the present invention to obtain an insulation resistance detection circuit that can easily measure and accurately measure changes in electrical resistance, variations in insulation resistance measurement system elements, changes in leakage current, and the like.

In order to solve the above-described problems and achieve the object, the present invention provides a voltage dividing circuit that generates an intermediate potential of an output voltage of a DC power supply configured by connecting a plurality of power supply units in series and parallel. A voltage dividing circuit whose intermediate potential generating terminal is connected to circuit ground; a voltage dividing ratio changing means for changing a voltage dividing ratio of the voltage dividing circuit between a first value and a second value; and the voltage dividing circuit. A voltage dividing voltage measuring means for measuring a voltage output from the intermediate potential generation terminal of the circuit, and a ground fault protection resistor arranged in a path from the ground terminal connected to the ground to the intermediate potential generation terminal of the voltage dividing circuit Current measuring means for measuring a ground fault current flowing through the voltage dividing circuit, and a first ground fault current measured by the current measuring means when the voltage dividing ratio changing means is caused to set the voltage dividing ratio of the voltage dividing circuit to a first value. The first current value measured from the above and the divided voltage measuring means are A first measurement voltage output from the intermediate potential generation terminal set, and a first measurement voltage measured by the current measurement unit when the voltage division ratio changing unit is caused to set the voltage division ratio of the voltage dividing circuit to a second value. The insulation resistance value of the DC power source using the second current value measured from the ground fault current of 2 and the second measured voltage output from the intermediate potential generation terminal measured by the divided voltage measuring means. Insulation resistance calculation control means for calculating a value of a ground fault resistance component formed between the ground terminal and a ground fault voltage point in the DC power supply, wherein the insulation resistance calculation control means comprises the first and The current measuring means measures the time interval for changing the voltage dividing ratio of the voltage dividing circuit between the first value and the second value in the voltage dividing ratio changing means, which is the measurement time for measuring the second current value. Variable setting according to the amount of change in the first and second ground fault currents And wherein the Rukoto.

According to the present invention, the measurement time is variably set according to the amount of change in the ground fault current, and the insulation resistance value can be calculated so as not to include measurement errors due to variations in the voltage dividing ratio of the voltage dividing circuit. Therefore, the installation area of a DC power source such as a solar cell constituted by connecting a plurality of power supply units in series and parallel, the change in ground floating capacitance due to rain, etc., the change in the output voltage of the DC power source, the insulation resistance measurement system There is an effect that it is possible to easily measure the insulation resistance with high accuracy in response to changes in element variations, leakage current, and the like.

FIG. 1 is a conceptual circuit diagram showing a configuration of an insulation resistance detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram in which a ground stray capacitance or the like is added to the insulation resistance detection circuit shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a specific circuit diagram of the insulation resistance detection circuit shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram showing a measurement example of a change in the measured current due to the ground floating capacitance used in the saturation time measurement. FIG. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the insulation resistance measurement system for explaining the procedure in the case of performing measurement calculation of insulation resistance using the voltage measured by the divided voltage measurement circuit at the saturation point when the measurement current is stable. A) shows the case where the switch S1 is open, and (B) shows the case where the switch S1 is closed.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of an insulation resistance detection circuit according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.

FIG. 1 is a conceptual circuit diagram showing a configuration of an insulation resistance detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram in which a ground stray capacitance or the like is added to the insulation resistance detection circuit shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a specific configuration example of the insulation resistance detection circuit shown in FIG.

In FIG. 1, an insulation resistance detection circuit 1 includes a power supply voltage measuring circuit 3 and voltage dividing resistors R1, R2 connected in parallel between a positive terminal (+) and a negative terminal (−) of a DC power source 2. And a voltage dividing circuit. The common connection end 5 of the voltage dividing resistors R1 and R2 is an intermediate potential generation end that generates an intermediate potential of the output voltage of the DC power supply 2, and is connected to the circuit ground GND.

In FIG. 1, a series circuit of a voltage changing resistor R3 and a switch S1 is connected between the positive terminal (+) of the DC power source 2 and the common connection terminal 5, that is, in parallel with the voltage dividing resistor R1. Has been. The switch S1 is controlled to open and close by a control circuit (CPU) 4. As a result, the voltage dividing ratio of the voltage dividing circuit becomes different between when the switch S1 is open and when the switch S1 is closed. That is, the series circuit of the voltage changing resistor R3 and the switch S1 constitutes a voltage dividing ratio changing means for changing the voltage dividing ratio of the voltage dividing circuit.

If the voltage dividing ratio when the switch S1 is open is the first value and the voltage dividing ratio when the switch S1 is closed is the second value, the potential of the common connection terminal 5 is the circuit S1 is open. It changes between the potential at the time (first potential of the DC power supply 2) and the potential when the switch S1 is closed (second potential of the DC power supply 2). The power supply voltage measurement circuit 3 converts the output voltage value of the DC power supply 2 and outputs it to the CPU 4 as the voltage Vm1.

Also, a divided voltage measuring circuit 6 is provided between the negative terminal (−) of the DC power supply 2 and the common connection terminal 5, that is, in parallel with the voltage dividing resistor R2. The divided voltage measuring circuit 6 measures the voltage output from the common connection end 5 of the voltage dividing circuit and outputs it to the CPU 4 as the voltage Vm2.

A ground fault protection resistor Rsafe, a voltage conversion resistor Rsense, and a zero adjustment resistor Rbias are inserted in this order between the ground terminal 7 connected to the ground Earth and the common connection end 5. The ground fault protection resistor Rsafe is for securing the insulation performance required between the electronic circuit and the earth, and is generally set to a high resistance of about 10 MΩ.

The voltage conversion resistor Rsense converts the current flowing from the insulation resistance detection circuit 1 toward the ground Earth through the ground terminal 7 (that is, the ground fault current flowing through the ground fault protection resistor Rsafe). The voltage across the voltage conversion resistor Rsense is amplified by the operational amplifier AMP and input to the CPU 4 as the measurement current Isense. The resistor Rbias and the reference power supply Vbias connected in parallel are provided for adjusting the zero point for current measurement in the operational amplifier AMP. That is, the operational amplifier AMP, the voltage conversion resistor Rsense, the zero adjustment resistor Rbias, and the reference power source Vbias as a whole constitute a current measurement circuit 8.

DC power supply 2 is configured by connecting a plurality of power supply units in series and parallel. In FIG. 1, a solar cell is shown as an example. The solar cell is a series connection body of a plurality of solar cell modules Vy1, Vy2, and Vx. In FIG. 1, a ground fault resistance component Rx is generated in the path of the ground fault current flowing between the ground fault voltage point 9 where the ground fault has occurred and the ground terminal 7, and the output voltage Vx of the solar cell module Vx is the ground fault voltage. Vx is assumed.

Next, in FIG. 2, although the current measurement circuit 8 is simply shown in the configuration shown in FIG. 1, the ground stray capacitances Cx and Cy of the DC power source (solar cell) 2 are added, and the noise of the circuit A prevention capacitor Cemc is added. The electrostatic capacitances of the ground floating capacitances Cx and Cy and the noise prevention capacitor Cemc are very large.

Next, FIG. 3 shows that the

voltage measurement circuits

3 and 6 can be configured by operational amplifiers OP3 and OP4 having a negative feedback amplifier configuration, and the switch S1 can be configured by a transistor. A specific configuration example of the current measurement circuit 8 is shown in FIG. It is shown. Further, in the DC power source (solar cell) 2, the solar cell modules Vy1 and Vy2 are combined with the solar cell module Vy, and a ground fault occurs at the ground fault voltage point 9 between the solar cell module Vx and the solar cell module Vy. It is said.

The operational amplifier OP3 outputs the output voltage of the DC power source (solar cell) 2 during the insulation resistance measurement to the CPU 4 as the voltage Vm1. The operational amplifier OP4 outputs the divided output voltage of the voltage dividing circuit during the insulation resistance measurement to the CPU 4 as the voltage Vm2.

In the current measurement circuit 8, an operational amplifier AMP for current measurement is configured by an operational amplifier OP1 having a voltage follower configuration and an operational amplifier OP2 having a negative feedback amplifier configuration, and a zero adjustment resistor Rbias is configured by resistors RB1 to RB4. The reference power supply Vbias is connected to them.

Hereinafter, a method of measuring and calculating the ground fault resistance component Rx which is the insulation resistance of the DC power supply 2 by measuring the current Isense flowing through the ground fault protection resistor Rsafe will be described. Here, two calculation methods are shown. The “value” used in the derivation of the expression uses the identification code of each element.

1, the output voltage (Vx + Vy1 + Vy2) of the DC power source 2 is an input DC voltage of the insulation resistance detection circuit 1. The output voltage of the DC power supply 2 is measured by the power supply voltage measuring circuit 3 as the voltage Vm1 and input to the CPU 4. The current Isense flowing through the ground fault protection resistor Rsafe is measured by the current measuring circuit 8 and input to the CPU 4. Further, the voltage output from the common connection end 5 of the voltage dividing circuit is measured by the divided voltage measuring circuit 6 and input to the CPU 4 as the voltage Vm2.

The CPU 4 samples and digitizes the voltages Vm1 and Vm2 and the current Isense input when the switch S1 is opened and closed, and calculates the ground fault resistance value Rx and the ground fault voltage Vx based on them. The time interval for opening and closing the switch S1 is the measurement time. Since the impedance of the current measuring circuit 8 is extremely smaller than the resistance value Rsafe of the ground fault protection resistor Rsafe, it becomes a negligible value in the calculation of the ground fault resistance value Rx.

<First calculation method>
First, a case where the ground fault resistance value Rx and the ground fault voltage Vx are calculated using the voltage Vm1 and the current Isense will be described with reference to FIGS. The current Isense1 when the switch S1 is opened and the voltage changing resistor R3 is opened is expressed by Expression (1).
Isense1 = (Vm1-Vx)
/ {Rx + Rsafe + R1 × R2 / (R1 + R2)} (1)

Similarly, the current Isense2 when the switch S1 is closed and the voltage changing resistor R3 is connected in parallel to the voltage dividing resistor R1 is expressed by Expression (2).
Isense2 = (Vm1-Vx)
/ {Rx + Rsafe + R1 × R2 × R3 / (R1R3 + R1R2 + R2R3)} (2)

When the fixed value “Rsafe + R1 × R2 / (R1 + R2)” in Formula (1) is C1, and the fixed value “R1 × R2 × R3 / (R1R3 + R1R2 + R2R3)” in Formula (2) is C2, Formula (1), Formula ( 2)
Isense1 = (Vm−Vx) / (Rx + C1) (3)
Isense2 = (Vm−Vx) / (Rx + C2) (4)
It becomes.

From Equation (3) and Equation (4),
Isense1 × (Rx + C1) = Isense2 × (Rx + C2) (5)
Therefore, the ground fault resistance value Rx is
Rx = (Isense2 × C2-Isense1 × C1)
/ (Isense1-Isense2) (6)
Is required.

That is, the CPU 4 opens and closes the switch S1 at a predetermined time interval, and measures the current Isense1 when the switch S1 is opened and the current Isense2 when the switch S1 is closed, which are input from the current measurement circuit 8. The ground fault resistance value Rx is obtained by applying the equation (6) and the obtained ground fault resistance value Rx is compared with the insulation resistance determination level defined for the insulation resistance standard. This makes it possible to determine whether the insulation resistance is good or not regardless of the DC power supply output voltage and the ground fault potential.

Here, the measurement of the ground fault resistance value Rx is affected by the accuracy of measuring the current Isense input by the CPU 4. Actually, as shown in FIG. 2, since there are ground stray capacitances Cy and Cx and a circuit noise prevention capacitor Cemc, and a high resistance ground fault protection resistor Rsafe exists, the current Isense is measured as a charge / discharge current. Is done. That is, if the value of the current Isense before the charge is saturated is measured, the measurement accuracy of the ground fault resistance value Rx is not good.

However, the ground-floating capacitances Cy and Cx are not constant values, and differ depending on the time of fine weather or rain. Further, the insulation resistance of the solar cell is not a constant value, but varies depending on the scale of the solar cell. Therefore, the CPU 4 does not set the time interval for opening and closing the switch S1, that is, the measurement time for determining and taking in the value of the current Isense to be a fixed time, but varies the measurement time according to the amount of change in the current Isense. It has become.

Even in the first calculation method described above, the measurement error due to the stray capacitance component of the solar cell module can be reduced, so that the measurement accuracy of the ground fault resistance value Rx can be improved. However, the voltage Vm1 generated by the voltage dividing circuit is divided. Measurement errors due to variations are not taken into account. That is, in addition, components (such as voltage dividing resistors R1 and R2, voltage changing resistor R3, switch S1, and an aluminum electrolytic capacitor (not shown) arranged in the vicinity) that affect the accuracy of the voltage dividing ratio of the voltage dividing circuit. It is necessary to be able to calculate the insulation resistance value so as not to include measurement errors due to variations in the value of the voltage Vm1 caused by temperature variations and aging of the leakage current. Hereinafter, a second calculation method capable of solving this problem will be described.

<Second calculation method>
In the second calculation method, the CPU 4 measures the amount of change in the input current Isense, determines the current value when the current change is stable (when it can be regarded as saturated), and inputs the current value at that time. The voltage Vm2 is measured, and the ground fault resistance value Rx is calculated. According to the second calculation method, an accurate ground fault resistance value Rx can be measured and calculated without being affected by variations in the voltage Vm1. Since the open / close time interval (measurement time) of the switch S1 is a charging standby time, an optimal measurement time can be set. Since the saturation time is measured, the change waveform of the input current Isense is, for example, as shown in FIG. In FIG. 4, the vertical axis indicates the converted voltage by the voltage conversion resistor Rsense, but an example of measuring the measurement current change due to the ground floating capacitance when the switch S1 is opened and closed at intervals of 6 seconds is shown.

According to the second calculation method, since the optimum measurement time can be set, the measurement accuracy is increased. By improving the measurement accuracy, the insulation resistance determination level prepared for the power conditioner is not required to have a margin for the required standard value. Therefore, more stable operation is possible against a decrease in the overall insulation resistance value that occurs when the solar cell area increases. Further, since the saturation point at which the current Isense is stabilized is monitored, even when the ground capacity of the solar cell increases in rainy weather or the like, the measurement time is automatically extended, and erroneous determination can be prevented.

A second calculation method (a method of calculating using the voltage Vm2 measured by the divided voltage measurement circuit 6) will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the insulation resistance measurement system for explaining the procedure in the case of performing measurement calculation of insulation resistance using the voltage measured by the divided voltage measurement circuit at the saturation point when the measurement current is stable. A) shows the case where the switch S1 is open, and (B) shows the case where the switch S1 is closed.

In FIG. 5, the divided voltage measuring circuit 6 measures the divided voltage generation voltage Vs output from the common connection end 5 of the voltage dividing circuit through the resistor Rs. The divided voltage generation voltage Vs is the value Vs1 when the switch S1 is open, and the value Vs2 when the switch S1 is closed. The resistance value of the resistor Rs is the value Rs1 when the switch S1 is open, and the value Rs2 when the switch S1 is closed. The voltage Vm2 measured by the divided voltage measuring circuit 6 is the value Vm21 when the switch S1 is open, and the value Vm22 when the switch S1 is closed. The resistor Ramp has a combined resistance value of the voltage conversion resistor Rsense and the resistor Rbias in the current measurement circuit 8 shown in FIG. Further, the DC power source 2 has a configuration in which the positive electrode end (+) and the negative electrode end (−) are connected.

From FIG. 5A, the current Isense1 when the switch S1 is closed is
Isense1 = (Vm21−Vx) / (Rx + Rsafe + Ramp) (7)
Because it is expressed as
Vm21−Vx = Isense1 × (Rx + Rsafe + Ramp) (8)
The ground fault voltage Rx is
Rx = Vm21−Isense1 × (Rx + Rsafe + Ramp) (9)
It becomes.

Similarly, from FIG. 5B, the ground fault voltage Rx when the switch S1 is closed is
Rx = Vm22−Isense2 × (Rx + Rsafe + Ramp) (10)
It is obtained.

From equation (9) = equation (10)
Vm21-Isense1 × (Rx + Rsafe + Ramp)
= Vm22−Isense2 × (Rx + Rsafe + Ramp) (11)
From equation (11),
Rx + Rsafe + Ramp
= (Vm21-Vm22) / (Isense1-Isense2)
= ΔVm2 / ΔIsense (12)
Is derived. In Expression (12), Rsafe + Ramp is a circuit constant, and thus the ground fault resistance value Rx can be calculated.

In the equation (12) for obtaining the ground fault resistance value Rx, the difference between the measurement voltage Vm21 and the measurement voltage Vm22 is a main parameter. Therefore, the current measurement circuit is configured to measure the difference between the measurement voltages Vm21 and Vm22. 8 can reduce the offset error of the amplifier circuit used. That is, more accurate insulation resistance detection can be realized.

Specifically, the second calculation method can be a method of performing measurement a plurality of times as follows. The procedure is the same for each time, but the peak value of the current Isense1 input when the switch S1 is opened is memorized, the current value is continuously measured, and the rate of change of the current reaches a predetermined value (saturated) Current value at a time point that can be regarded as having been measured), and at the same time, the measured voltage Vm21 at that time is stored. Subsequently, the switch S1 is closed, the peak current of the current Isense2 is stored in the same saturation standby time as when the switch S1 is opened, the current value is continuously measured, and the current value and the measured voltage Vm22 at the same elapsed time are stored. . By this measurement, insulation resistance detection (calculation) is performed. In the power conditioner, the quality of the insulation resistance is judged based on the detection result.

The rate of change used in the first round is set to a level that passes with high accuracy if the capacitance and the normal insulation resistance value are fine in order to allow the insulation resistance detection to be determined in the shortest time. The current value and the measured voltage at a stable time point (a time point that can be regarded as saturated) are applied to the equation (12) and used for pass / fail judgment of the insulation resistance value, but the difference between the peak current of the current Isense1 and the peak current of the current Isense2 Is not greater than or equal to a predetermined value, it is determined that the insulation resistance detection circuit 1 is in failure, and the process proceeds to failure processing mode.

If the insulation resistance value passes and the insulation resistance detection circuit 1 is normal in the first determination described above, the power conditioner starts system interconnection and starts sending the converted AC power to the distribution system. On the other hand, when the insulation resistance value is unacceptable, the process proceeds to the second insulation resistance detection measurement again without immediately determining that the insulation resistance is defective. In the second measurement, the current change rate judgment value is set to a smaller value than the first measurement, and in addition to the maximum number of installed solar cell modules in the system specifications, the stray capacitance in rainy weather exceeds the system required insulation resistance value. If so, set the current change rate to pass. If the input voltage Vm2 changes during measurement, a voltage fluctuation determination value indicating whether or not the measurement error is within an allowable level is prepared in advance as a simulation result. The insulation resistance detection can be repeated until it is settled.

Note that the second calculation method is not limited to the saturation point at which the current Isense is stable. If the switch S1 is inverted before the amount of change in the current Isense1 is stabilized and the current Isense2 is measured in the same manner, the charging current to the ground capacitance is added, so that the ground fault current increases and the estimated insulation resistance value Is smaller than actual. However, since the DC power supply (solar cell) 2 in a normal state has a margin with respect to the insulation resistance determination level, even when the switch S1 is inverted in a short time when determining the ground fault resistance, the insulation is determined. If the resistance value satisfies the judgment standard, the required insulation resistance value can be guaranteed.

That is, even if the switching cycle of the switch S1 is set within the state time in which the charging current is changing, the measurement result only needs to be an insulation resistance exceeding the required standard, so that the shortest time can be obtained without measuring an accurate insulation resistance. System linkage becomes possible. In this case, if it is determined that there is an abnormality, a method of sequentially extending the determination time may be performed.

As described above, according to this embodiment, the measurement time is variably set according to the change amount of the ground fault current, and the insulation resistance is not included so as not to include a measurement error due to variation in the voltage dividing ratio of the voltage dividing circuit. Since the value can be calculated, the installation area of a DC power source such as a solar cell configured by connecting multiple power supply units in series and parallel, the change in ground floating capacity, such as during rain, and the output voltage of the DC power source Insulation resistance can be measured with high accuracy by easily responding to changes in the resistance, variation in insulation resistance measurement system elements, changes in leakage current, and the like.

When the insulation performance is normal, the measurement time is automatically shortened, so that the generated power can be used in a short time.

Further, taking solar cells as an example, if the power capacity of the solar cell is large due to an increase in the installation area, etc., the total leakage current will increase even though each solar cell panel is normal. Insulation resistance measurement is required. In this case, according to this embodiment, it is possible to automatically perform high-accuracy measurement over a long period of time, so that an optimum measurement time can be obtained.

As described above, the insulation resistance detection circuit according to the present invention includes the insulation resistance of a DC power supply configured by connecting a plurality of power supply units in series and parallel, the change in the floating capacitance of the DC power supply, and the output of the DC power supply. It is useful as an insulation resistance detection circuit that can easily and accurately measure changes in voltage, variations in insulation resistance measurement system elements, leakage currents, etc., especially non-insulated power in solar power generation systems It is suitable as an insulation resistance detection circuit equipped in the conditioner.

1 Insulation resistance detection circuit 2 DC power supply (solar cell)
3 Power supply voltage measurement circuit 4 Control circuit (CPU)
5 Common connection end (intermediate potential generation end) of voltage dividing resistors R1 and R2 constituting the voltage dividing circuit
6 Divided voltage measurement circuit 7 Ground terminal connected to ground 8 Current measurement circuit 9 Ground fault voltage point Vx, Vy (Vy1, Vy2) Solar cell module Rx Ground fault resistance component R3 Voltage change resistor S1 Switch OP3 Power supply voltage Operational amplifier constituting the measurement circuit OP4 Operational amplifier constituting the divided voltage measurement circuit Rsafe Ground fault protection resistor Rsense Voltage conversion resistor constituting the current measurement circuit AMP, OP1, OP2 Operational amplifier constituting the current measurement circuit Rbias, RB1 to RB4 Zero adjustment resistors for current measurement Vbias Reference power supply for current measurement

Claims

A voltage dividing circuit for dividing and generating an intermediate potential of an output voltage of a DC power supply configured by connecting a plurality of power supply units in series and parallel, wherein the intermediate potential generating terminal is connected to a circuit ground;
A voltage dividing ratio changing means for changing the voltage dividing ratio of the voltage dividing circuit between a first value and a second value;
A divided voltage measuring means for measuring a voltage output from the intermediate potential generation terminal of the voltage dividing circuit;
Current measuring means for measuring a ground fault current flowing through a ground fault protection resistor arranged in a path from the ground terminal connected to the ground to the intermediate potential generation end of the voltage dividing circuit;
A first current value measured from the first ground fault current measured by the current measuring means and the divided voltage when the voltage dividing ratio changing means is made to set the voltage dividing ratio of the voltage dividing circuit to a first value. The current measuring means outputs the first measured voltage output from the intermediate potential generation terminal measured by the measuring means and the voltage dividing ratio changing means to set the voltage dividing ratio of the voltage dividing circuit to the second value. Insulation resistance of the DC power source using the second current value measured from the measured second ground fault current and the second measured voltage output from the intermediate potential generation terminal measured by the divided voltage measuring means Insulation resistance calculation control means for calculating a value of a ground fault resistance component formed between the ground terminal which is a value and a ground fault voltage point in the DC power supply,
With
The insulation resistance calculation control means changes the voltage dividing ratio of the voltage dividing circuit from a first value to a second value, to the voltage dividing ratio changing means which is a measurement time for measuring the first and second current values. An insulation resistance detection circuit characterized in that the time interval to be set is variably set according to the amount of change in the first and second ground fault currents measured by the current measuring means.
The insulation resistance calculation control means includes
The first and second ground fault currents measured by the current measuring means are stabilized for a time interval during which the voltage dividing ratio changing means changes the voltage dividing ratio of the voltage dividing circuit between the first value and the second value. The insulation resistance detection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first and second current values are set to be measurable at a time when a predetermined rate of change is considered.
The insulation resistance calculation control means includes
The first and second ground fault currents measured by the current measuring means change greatly in the time interval during which the voltage dividing ratio changing means changes the voltage dividing ratio of the voltage dividing circuit between the first value and the second value. The insulation resistance detection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first resistance value and the second current value are set so as to be measured within a time changing at a rate.
The insulation resistance calculation control means includes
The processing for reducing the offset error of the amplifier circuit in the current measuring means is performed using the difference between the first measured voltage and the second measured voltage value measured by the divided voltage measuring means. Item 2. The insulation resistance detection circuit according to Item 1.