WO2012112551A2

WO2012112551A2 - Compositions and methods for nutrient supplementation of ethanol-containing beverages

Info

Publication number: WO2012112551A2
Application number: PCT/US2012/025047
Authority: WO
Inventors: Louis CANTILENA; Timothy CATILENA; John Thomas KOUTSOUMPAS; Christian KOUTSOUMPAS
Original assignee: Cantilena Louis; Catilena Timothy; Koutsoumpas John Thomas; Koutsoumpas Christian
Priority date: 2011-02-15
Filing date: 2012-02-14
Publication date: 2012-08-23
Also published as: WO2012112551A3

Abstract

Compositions and methods are provided for supplementing alcoholic beverages with nutrients. The nutritional supplement compositions may comprise or consist of one or more nutrients selected from the group consisting of calcium, chromium, potassium, magnesium, and zinc and one or more vitamins selected from the group consisting of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E.

Description

COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR NUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION OF ETHANOL-CONTAINING BEVERAGES

RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. provisional application with U.S. Serial No. 61/442,975, filed February 15, 2011, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0002] This invention relates to compositions and methods for adding nutrient supplementation to alcoholic beverages to, for example, optimize the taste and palatability of each specific type of alcoholic beverage.

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0003] Acute ingestion of alcoholic beverages is known to be associated with transient alterations of the human body's balance of fluid and electrolytes. Such acute alcohol- induced changes in fluid and electrolyte balance have been linked to feelings of mental dullness, headache and general weakness in the post ingestion period.

[0004] Other potential remedies for the feeling of mental dullness, headache and general weakness during the post alcoholic beverage ingestion period that are reported focus on initiation after the period of alcoholic beverage consumption and are therefore, "after-the- fact" interventions without the possibility of prevention.

[0005] There remains a need to provide a mechanism for providing specific combinations of nutritional additives will prevent or reduce the alcohol-induced ill feelings or discomforts that occur during the post alcoholic beverage ingestion period.

[0006] The foregoing description of related art is not intended in any way as an admission that any of the documents described therein, including pending United States patent applications, are prior art to embodiments of the present disclosure. Moreover, the description herein of any disadvantages associated with the described products, methods, and/or apparatus, is not intended to limit the disclosed embodiments. Indeed, embodiments of the present disclosure may include certain features of the described products, methods, and/or apparatus without suffering from their described disadvantages.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0007] This invention provides a mechanism for simultaneous ingestion of vitamins and minerals with the ingestion of the alcoholic beverage. It is highly likely that the coadministration of these nutritional additives will prevent or reduce the alcohol-induced ill feelings or discomforts that occur during the post alcoholic beverage ingestion period.

[0008] According to some embodiments, compositions and methods are provided to optimize the taste and palatability of each specific type of alcoholic beverage with the inclusion of selected vitamins and minerals. The specific components of each vitamin and mineral containing alcoholic product may be formulated separately to match the type of alcohol or additional components of a drink. The alcoholic beverage is thus supplemented with nutrients to optimize the taste and palatability of the drink and/or target the nutrient deficits commonly encountered in persons consuming the drink.

[0009] According to some embodiments, nutritional supplement compositions are provided comprising or consisting of one or more nutrients selected from the group consisting of calcium, chromium, potassium, magnesium, and zinc and one or more vitamins selected from the group consisting of vitamin A, vitamin Bl, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, and/or vitamin E in a form that readily dissolves or disperses in a solvent of water and ethanol.

[0010] Determination of the amounts of one or more nutrients (or of the nutritional supplement compositions) to be used in accordance with the instant invention is well within the routine level of skill in the art.

[0011] In accordance with the instant invention, those skilled in the art will recognize that any suitable combination(s) of vitamins and/or minerals can be used in the preparation and/or formulation of nutritional supplement compositions suitable to be added to alcoholic beverages or drinks to alter the nutritional status of the beverage or drink.

[0012] According to some embodiments, nutritional supplement compositions are provided comprising or consisting of vitamin A, vitamin Bl, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, calcium, chromium, potassium, magnesium, and/or zinc in a form that readily dissolves or disperses in a solvent of water and ethanol.

[0013] According to some embodiments, nutritional supplement compositions are provided comprising or consisting of vitamin A, vitamin B l, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, calcium, chromium, potassium, and/or magnesium in a form that readily dissolves or disperses in a solvent of water and ethanol.

[0014] According to some embodiments, nutritional supplement compositions are provided comprising or consisting of nutritional supplement comprises vitamin C, calcium, chromium, potassium, magnesium, and/or zinc in a form that readily dissolves or disperses in a solvent of water and ethanol.

[0015] According to some embodiments, beverages are provided comprising alcohol and a nutritional supplement composition comprising or consisting of one or more nutrients selected from the group consisting of calcium, chromium, potassium, magnesium, and zinc and one or more vitamins selected from the group consisting of vitamin A, vitamin B 1 , vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B 12, vitamin C, vitamin D, and/or vitamin E.

[0016] According to some embodiments, beverages are provided comprising or consisting of alcohol and a nutritional supplement composition comprising or consisting of vitamin A, vitamin Bl, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, calcium, chromium, potassium, magnesium, and/or zinc.

[0017] According to some embodiments, beverages are provided comprising alcohol and a nutritional supplement composition comprising or consisting of vitamin A, vitamin B l, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, calcium, chromium, potassium, and/or magnesium.

[0018] According to some embodiments, beverages are provided comprising alcohol and a nutritional supplement composition comprising or consisting of vitamin C, calcium, chromium, potassium, magnesium, and/or zinc.

[0019] According to some embodiments, nutritional supplement compositions comprising or consisting of one or more nutrients are provided where the compositions comprise (or consist of) one or more minerals or electrolytes selected from the group consisting of calcium (e.g. , 0-250 mg/L), chromium (e.g. , 0-30 μg/L), potassium (e.g. , 0-200 mg/L), magnesium (e.g. , 0-25 mg/L), and/or zinc (e.g. , 0-10 mg/L) and one or more vitamins selected from the group consisting of vitamin A (e.g. , 0-500 μg/L), vitamin B l (e.g. , 0-600 μg/L), vitamin B3 (e.g. , 0-45 mg/L), vitamin B5 (e.g. , 0-25 mg/L), vitamin B6 (e.g. , 0-5 mg/L), vitamin B 12 (e.g. , 0-200 μg/L), vitamin C (e.g. , 0-750 mg/L), vitamin D (e.g. , 0- 5 μg/L), and/or vitamin E (e.g. , 0-8.5 mg/L) in a form that readily dissolves or disperses in a solvent of water and alcohol (i. e. , ethanol). Those skilled in the art will recognize that the listed concentrations refer to the concentration range in the alcoholic beverage of each vitamin, mineral, and/or electrolyte.

[0020] By way of non-limiting example, the nutritional supplemental compositions may comprise or consist of one or more minerals or electrolytes selected from the group consisting of calcium in concentration range in the alcoholic beverage of 10-250 mg/L; chromium in a concentration range in the alcoholic beverage of 1-30 g/L; potassium in concentration range in the alcoholic beverage of 1-200 mg/L; magnesium in concentration range in the alcoholic beverage of 1-25 mg/L; and/or zinc in concentration range in the alcoholic beverage of 0.1- 10 mg/L and one or more vitamins selected from the group consisting of vitamin A in concentration range in the alcoholic beverage of 10-450 g/L; vitamin B l in concentration range in the alcoholic beverage of 10-600 g/L; vitamin B3 in concentration range in the alcoholic beverage of 10-45 mg/L; vitamin B5 in concentration range in the alcoholic beverage of 1-25 mg/L; vitamin B6 in concentration range in the alcoholic beverage of 0.1-5 mg/L; vitamin B 12 in concentration range in the alcoholic beverage of between 0.1-10 g/L; vitamin C in concentration range in the alcoholic beverage of 10-750 mg/L; vitamin D in concentration range in the alcoholic beverage of 0.01-4.5 g/L; and/or vitamin E in concentration range in the alcoholic beverage of 0.1- 8.5 mg/L

[0021] By way of non-limiting example, in some embodiments, nutritional supplement compositions are provided where the compositions comprise or consist of 5 mg/L calcium, 15 mg/L potassium, 10 mg/L magnesium, 0.1 mg/L zinc, and/or 0.5 mg/L vitamin C.

[0022] In other embodiments, nutritional supplement compositions are provided where the compositions comprise or consist of 20 mg/L calcium, 2 μg/L chromium, 50 mg/L potassium, 10 mg/L magnesium, 4 mg/L zinc, 5 μg/L vitamin A, 40 μg/L vitamin B l , 1 mg/L vitamin B3, 2 mg/L vitamin B5, 2 mg/L of vitamin B6, 0.1 mg/L of vitamin B 12, 50 mg/L vitamin C, 1 μg/L of vitamin D, and/or 0.5 mg/L of vitamin E.

[0023] In still further embodiments, nutritional supplement compositions are provided where the compositions comprise or consist of 5 mg/L calcium, 0.05 μg/L chromium, 10 mg/L potassium, 5 mg/L magnesium, 1 μg/L vitamin A, 0.5 μg/L vitamin B l , 0.1 mg/L vitamin B3, 0.5 mg/L vitamin B5, 1.0 mg/L of vitamin B6, 10 mg/L vitamin C, and/or 0.1 μg/L of vitamin D.

[0024] Also provided herein are beverages comprising or consisting of ethanol and any of the nutritional supplement compositions of the invention. In such beverages, the nutritional supplement compositions can be dissolved or dispersed in a beverage comprising alcohol (e.g. , ethanol).

[0025] In addition, the invention also provides methods for increasing the nutritional constituents of an alcoholic beverage by adding to the alcoholic beverage amounts of any of the nutritional supplemental compositions of the invention. [0026] For example, according to some embodiments, methods are provided for increasing nutritional constituents of an alcoholic beverage comprising adding to the alcoholic beverage a nutritional supplement composition comprising or consisting of one or more nutrients selected from the group consisting of calcium, chromium, potassium, magnesium, and zinc and one or more vitamins selected from the group consisting of vitamin A, vitamin B l, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B 12, vitamin C, vitamin D, and/or vitamin E.

[0027] According to some other embodiments, methods are provided for increasing nutritional constituents of an alcoholic beverage comprising adding to the alcoholic beverage a nutritional supplement composition comprising or consisting of vitamin A, vitamin B l, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B 12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, calcium, chromium, potassium, magnesium, and/or zinc.

[0028] According to further embodiments, methods are provided for increasing nutritional constituents of an alcoholic beverage comprising adding to the alcoholic beverage a nutritional supplement composition comprising or consisting of vitamin A, vitamin B l, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, calcium, chromium, potassium, and/or magnesium.

[0029] Moreover, according to some embodiments, methods are provided for increasing nutritional constituents of an alcoholic beverage comprising adding to the alcoholic beverage a nutritional supplement composition comprising or consisting of vitamin C, calcium, chromium, potassium, magnesium, and/or zinc.

[0030] In further embodiments, methods are provided for increasing nutritional constituents of an alcoholic beverage comprising adding to the alcoholic beverage an amount of a nutritional supplement composition comprising or consisting of one or more nutrients where the compositions comprise or consist of one or more of calcium (e.g. , 0- 250 mg/L), chromium (e.g. , 0- 30 μg/L), potassium (e.g. , 0-200 mg/L), magnesium (e.g. , 0-25 mg/L), and/or zinc (e.g. , 0- 10 mg/L) and one or more of vitamin A (e.g. , 0-500 μg/L), vitamin B l (e.g. , 0-600 μg/L), vitamin B3 (e.g. , 0-45 mg/L), vitamin B5 (e.g. , 0-25 mg/L), vitamin B6 (e.g. , 0-5 mg/L), vitamin B 12 (e.g. , 0-200 μg/L), vitamin C (e.g. , 0-750 mg/L), vitamin D (e.g. , 0- 5 μg/L), and/or vitamin E (e.g. ,0-8.5 mg/L) in a form that readily dissolves or disperses in a solvent of water and alcohol (i. e. , ethanol).

[0031] According to some embodiments, methods are provided for increasing nutritional constituents of an alcoholic beverage comprising adding to the alcoholic beverage an amount of a nutritional supplement compositions comprising or consisting of one or more nutrients where the compositions comprise or consist of one or more of vitamin A (e.g. , 1- 500 μg/L), vitamin B l (e.g. , 1-600 μg/L), vitamin B3 (e.g. , 1-45 mg/L), vitamin B5 (e.g. , 1-25 mg/L), vitamin B6 (e.g. , 1-5 mg/L), vitamin B 12 (e.g. , 0.1-200 μg/L), vitamin C (e.g. , 0.5-750 mg/L), vitamin D (e.g. , 0.5-5 μg/L), vitamin E (e.g. , 0.5-8.5 mg/L), calcium (e.g. , 20-250 mg/L), chromium (e.g. , 2-30 μg/L), potassium (e.g. , 50-200 mg/L), magnesium (e.g. , 10-25 mg/L), and/or zinc (e.g. , 4- 10 mg/L). Those skilled in the art will recognize that the listed concentrations refer to the concentration range in the alcoholic beverage of each vitamin and/or mineral.

[0032] According to some embodiments, methods are provided for increasing nutritional constituents of an alcoholic beverage comprising adding to the alcoholic beverage an amount of a nutritional supplement compositions comprising or consisting of one or more nutrients where the compositions comprise or consist of one or more of Vitamin A (e.g. , 0.5-500 μ^), Vitamin B l (e.g. , 0.5-600 μ^), Vitamin B3 (e.g. , 0.1-45 mg/L), Vitamin B5 (e.g. , 0.5-25 mg/L), Vitamin B6 (e.g. , 1-5 mg/L), Vitamin C (e.g. , 0.5-750 mg/L), Vitamin D (e.g. , 0.1-5 μg/L), calcium (e.g. , 5-250 mg/L), chromium (e.g. , 0.05-30 μg/L), potassium (e.g. , 10-200 mg/L), and/or magnesium (e.g. , 5-25 mg/L).

[0033] According to some embodiments, methods are provided for increasing nutritional constituents of an alcoholic beverage comprising adding to the alcoholic beverage an amount of a nutritional supplement composition comprising or consisting of one or more nutrients where the compositions comprise or consist of one or more of 5 mg/L calcium, 15 mg/L potassium, 10 mg/L magnesium, 0.1 mg/L zinc, and 0.5 mg/L vitamin C is added to the beverage. [0034] According to some embodiments, methods are provided for increasing nutritional constituents of an alcoholic beverage comprising adding to the alcoholic beverage an amount of nutritional supplement composition comprising or consisting of one or more nutrients where the compositions comprise or consist of one or more of 20 mg/L calcium, 2 μg/L chromium, 50 mg/L potassium, 10 mg/L magnesium, 4 mg/L zinc, 5 μg/L vitamin A, 40 μg/L vitamin Bl, 1 mg/L vitamin B3, 2 mg/L vitamin B5, 2 mg/L of vitamin B6, 0.1 mg/L of vitamin B12, 50 mg/L vitamin C, 1 μg/L of vitamin D, and 0.5 mg/L of vitamin E is added to the beverage.

[0035] According to some embodiments, methods are provided for increasing nutritional constituents of an alcoholic beverage comprising adding to the alcoholic beverage an amount of nutritional supplement composition comprising or consisting of one or more nutrients where the compositions comprise or consist of one or more of 5 mg/L calcium, 0.05 μg/L chromium, 10 mg/L potassium, 5 mg/L magnesium, 1 μg/L vitamin A, 0.5 μg/L vitamin B l, 0.1 mg/L vitamin B3, 0.5 mg/L vitamin B5, 1.0 mg/L of vitamin B6, 10 mg/L vitamin C, and 0.1 μg/L of vitamin D is added to the beverage.

[0036] Determination of the amount of the nutritional supplement composition to be added to the alcoholic beverage is within the routine level of skill in the art.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0037] According to some embodiments, compositions are provided comprising nutritional supplements. Nutritional supplements include, but are not limited to, vitamins, minerals, and/or electrolytes. The nutritional supplements may be in the form of a pill, powder, tablet, capsule, granule, microgranule, liquid, suspension, emulsion, liquid concentrate, and/or effervescent tablet.

[0038] Any of the compositions comprising nutritional supplements of the present embodiments may be added to alcoholic drinks to alter the nutritional status of the drink. The compositions comprising nutritional supplements may be in a beverage form, wherein the beverage form is a commercially available, or even a traditional drink. A composition may be in a form of a liquid beverage suitable for direct ingestion by a user.

[0039] In some embodiments, the invention provides alcoholic drinks containing certain nutritional supplements as described herein. Also provided are nutritional supplement compositions and methods for introducing a nutritional supplement into a beverage containing alcohol. In preferred embodiments, the alcohol is ethanol. Nutritional supplements may be added to the beverage in an amount sufficient to increase nutritional constituents otherwise subject to a deficiency in a user as a normal consequence of consumption of the beverage.

[0040] In certain embodiments, compositions for nutrient supplementation of a beverage may be in the form of a pill, powder, tablet, capsule, granule, microgranule, liquid, suspension, emulsion, liquid concentrate, and/or effervescent tablet. The nutritional supplements may be introduced into the beverage during production, packaging, distribution, or serving and/or may be introduced by a beverage manufacturer, packager, server, or consumer.

[0041] In some embodiments, the nutritional supplements are added to the alcoholic beverage or alcoholic drink during beverage production, packaging, or distribution. The nutritional supplements may, for example, be added directly to commercially available containers (e.g., retail containers) of distilled spirits (e.g., rum, vodka, whisky, gin, etc.).

[0042] An amount of the nutritional supplements may be added directly to any distilled spirits having an alcohol content of between 5% to 90% ethyl alcohol, between 10%-85%, between 15% to 80%, between 20% to 75%, between 25% to 70%, between 30% to 65%, between 35% to 60%, between 40% to 55%, or between 45% to 50%. By way of non- limiting example, the alcohol content of the distilled spirits may be between 8% to 70%, between 20% to 50% ethyl alcohol, or between 35% to 45% ethyl alcohol. For example, the nutritional supplements may be added directly to distilled spirits having an alcohol content of greater than 5%, 8%, 10%, 20%, 22%, 24%, 26%, 28%, 30%, 32%, 34%, 36%, 38%, 40%, 42%, 44%, 46%, 48%, or more. In some embodiments, the nutritional supplements are added to cocktail drinks comprising the distilled spirits.

[0043] In some embodiments, the nutritional supplements are packaged separately in a form (e.g. , powder or liquid, such as an alcoholic mixer) that can be added to an alcoholic beverage at the time of consumption.

[0044] According to some embodiments, methods are provided for increasing the nutritional constituents of a beverage containing alcohol. In some embodiments, the methods comprise increasing the nutritional constituents through directly supplementing an alcoholic beverage.

[0045] A nutrient supplement composition may have one or more (e.g. , 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or more) vitamins, minerals, and/or electrolytes. In some embodiments, the vitamin is selected from the group consisting of B-Vitamins, Vitamin C, Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin K, pro-vitamins, coenzymes, as well as any combinations and/or mixtures thereof.

[0046] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the nutritional supplement compositions of the invention can include any combination(s) of the vitamins, minerals, and/or electrolytes described herein. It is not necessary for the nutritional supplement compositions to include all of the vitamins, minerals, and/or electrolytes described herein. Determination of the precise combination of vitamins, minerals, and/or electrolytes is within the routine level of skill in the art.B -vitamins may be commonly referred to as "B- complex." B-complex vitamins may be selected from Vitamin Bl (i.e. , thiamine), Vitamin B2 (i.e. , riboflavin), Vitamin B3 (i.e. , niacin), Vitamin B5 (i.e. , pantothenic acid), Vitamin B6 (i.e. , pyridoxine), Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin), and folate (folic acid; sometimes referred to as Vitamin B9), or the like. The B-complex vitamins may have significant function in intermediary metabolism. [0047] A pro-vitamin may be defined as a precursor of a vitamin, a substance that may be converted to a vitamin by the metabolic and biochemical processes within an animal. Carotene and ergosterol are just two of many examples of pro- vitamins. Certain vitamins also may require the presence of a co-factor, sometimes synonymously used with the term co-enzyme, in order to properly function. Vitamin co-factors may include, for example and not by way of limitation, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), coenzyme A (CoA), pyridoxal phosphate, methylcobalamin, and derivatives of tetrahydrofolate (THF).

[0048] A mineral can be selected from (but not limited to) the group consisting of magnesium, selenium, zinc, iron, and/or calcium. A mineral may be used in the development of various solid anatomical structures within the body (e.g. bones, teeth, etc.), in the development of various compounds within the body, especially organic- metallic compounds (e.g. hemoglobin, etc.), and as co-factors in various metabolic and biochemical pathways within the body, especially in pathways that produce and/or consume energy (e.g. pathways involving adenosine triphosphate).

[0049] The Recommended Daily Allowance ("RDA") for magnesium in adults may be in the range of from about 300 mg to about 350 mg, or any safe and/or effective range(s) of magnesium known in the art. The RDA for selenium in adults may be in the range of from about 55 meg to about 70 meg, or any safe and/or effective range(s) of selenium known in the art. The RDA for zinc in adults may be in the range of from about 12 mg to about 15 mg, or any safe and/or effective range(s) of zinc known in the art. The RDA for iron in adults may be in the range of about 10 mg to from about 18 mg, or any safe and/or effective range(s) of iron known in the art. The RDA for calcium in adults may be in the range of from about 800 mg to about 1200 mg, or any safe and/or effective range(s) of calcium known in the art.

[0050] An electrolyte may be selected from (but not limited to) the group consisting of sodium, chloride, and phosphorus. An electrolyte may be used in the signaling and communication systems within the body, especially signaling systems between cells and within cells. The RDA for potassium in adults may be about 2000 mg, or any safe and/or effective amount(s) of potassium known in the art. The RDA for sodium in adults may be about 500 mg, or any safe and/or effective amount(s) of sodium known in the art. The RDA for chloride in adults may be 750 mg, or any safe and/or effective amount(s) of chloride known in the art. The RDA for phosphorus in adults may be in the range of from about 800 mg to about 1200 mg, or any safe and/or effective range(s) of phosphorus known in the art.

[0051] In some embodiments, the nutritional supplement comprises or consists of one or more of (e.g. , 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 13, or all) vitamin A, vitamin B l , vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B 12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, calcium, chromium, potassium, magnesium, and/or zinc.

[0052] In some embodiments, the nutritional supplement comprises or consists of one or more of (e.g. , 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , or all) vitamin A, vitamin B l, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, calcium, chromium, potassium, and/or magnesium.

[0053] In some embodiments, the nutritional supplement comprises or consists of one or more of (e.g. , 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, or all) vitamin C, calcium, chromium, potassium, magnesium, and/or zinc.

[0054] In some embodiments, the nutritional supplement comprises or consists of one or more of (e.g. , 1 , 2, 3, 4, or all) calcium, chromium, potassium, magnesium, and zinc and one or more vitamins (e.g. , 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or all) selected from the group consisting of vitamin A, vitamin B l, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B 12, vitamin C, vitamin D, and/or vitamin E.

[0055] In some embodiments, the nutritional supplement comprises or consists of calcium, chromium, potassium, magnesium, and zinc and one or more (e.g. , 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or all) vitamins selected from the group consisting of vitamin A, vitamin B l, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B 12, vitamin C, vitamin D, and/or vitamin E.

[0056] In some embodiments, the nutritional supplement comprises or consist of calcium, chromium, potassium, magnesium, and zinc and one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or all) vitamins selected from the group consisting of vitamin A, vitamin B l , vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B 12, vitamin C, vitamin D, and/or vitamin E.

[0057] In some embodiments, the nutritional supplement comprises or consists of calcium, chromium, potassium, and magnesium and one or more (e.g., 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or all) vitamins selected from the group consisting of vitamin A, vitamin B l, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B 12, vitamin C, vitamin D, and/or vitamin E.

[0058] In some embodiments, the nutritional supplement comprises or consists of calcium, potassium, magnesium, and zinc and one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or all) vitamins selected from the group consisting of vitamin A, vitamin B l, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B 12, vitamin C, vitamin D, and/or vitamin E.

[0059] In some embodiments, the nutritional supplement comprises or consists of calcium, chromium, potassium, magnesium, and zinc and one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or all) vitamins selected from the group consisting of vitamin A, vitamin B l, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B 12, vitamin C, vitamin D, and/or vitamin E.

[0060] In some embodiments, the nutritional supplement comprises or consists of one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or all) nutrients selected from the group consisting of calcium, chromium, potassium, magnesium, and/or zinc.

[0061] In some embodiments, the minerals and electrolytes of the nutritional supplement comprise or consist of one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or all) nutrients selected from the group consisting of calcium, chromium, potassium, magnesium, and/or zinc. [0062] In some embodiments, the vitamins of the nutritional supplement comprise or consist of one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or all) vitamins selected from the group consisting of vitamin A, vitamin B l, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, and/or vitamin E.

[0063] In some embodiments, the nutritional supplement comprises or consists of one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or all) nutrients selected from the group consisting of calcium, chromium, potassium, magnesium, and zinc and one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or all) vitamins selected from the group consisting of vitamin A, vitamin B l, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B 12, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E.

[0064] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the nutritional supplement compositions of the invention may comprise or consist of any combination(s) of one or more vitamins, one or more minerals, and/or one or more electrolytes. Moreover, it is well within the routine level of skill in the art to determine the combination(s) of one or more vitamins, one or more minerals, and/or one or more electrolytes that are to be used in the nutritional supplement compositions of the invention. In addition, those skilled in the art will also routinely be able to determine what the amount of one or more vitamins, one or more minerals, and/or one or more electrolytes should be.

[0065] By way of non-limiting example, the nutritional supplement composition(s) may comprise or consist of any combination(s) of one or more minerals and/or one or more electrolytes; may comprise or consist of any combination(s) of one or more vitamins and/or one or more electrolytes; may comprise or consist of any combination(s) of one or more vitamin and/or one or more minerals; and/or may comprise or consist of any combination(s) of one or more minerals, one or more electrolytes, and/or one or more vitamins.

Definitions

[0066] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, suitable methods and materials are described below. All publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In the case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control. In addition, the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only not intended to be limiting. Other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description and claims.

[0067] For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the embodiments described herein, reference will be made to preferred embodiments and specific language will be used to describe the same. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. As used throughout this disclosure, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, a reference to "a composition" includes a plurality of such compositions, as well as a single composition.

[0068] Throughout this application, the term "about" is used to indicate that a value includes the standard deviation of error for the device or method being employed to determine the value.

[0069] Reference to numeric ranges throughout this specification encompasses all numbers falling within the disclosed ranges. Thus, for example, the recitation of the range of about 1% to about 5% includes 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%, as well as, for example, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 1.8%, 1.9%, 2.0%, 2.1%, 2.2%, 2.3%, 2.4%, 2.5%, 2.6%, 2.7%, 2.8%, 2.9%, 3.0%, 3.1%, 3.2%, 3.3%, 3.4%, 3.5%, 3.6%, 3.7%, 3.8%, 3.9%, 4.0%, 4.1%, 4.2%, 4.3%, 4.4%, 4.5%, 4.6%, 4.7%, 4.8%, 4.9%, and 5.0%.

[0070] The use of the term "or" in the claims is used to mean "and/or" unless explicitly indicated to refer to alternatives only or the alternatives are mutually exclusive, although the disclosure supports a definition that refers to only alternatives and "and/or." [0071] As used in this specification and claim(s), the words "comprising" (and any form of comprising, such as "comprise" and "comprises"), "having" (and any form of having, such as "have" and "has"), "including" (and any form of including, such as "includes" and "include") or "containing" (and any form of containing, such as "contains" and "contain") are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional, unrecited components, elements, and/or method steps.

[0072] The terms "alcohol" and "drink" as used herein refer to any ethyl alcohol containing, or alcoholic beverage including beer, wine, spirits and the like. Moreover, alcoholic beverages may further include distilled spirits, beer, wine, champagne, brandy, cognac, malt beverages, hard ciders, ales, lagers, liqueurs, and the like.

[0073] "Drink mixers" are the non-alcoholic ingredients, preferably beverages, in mixed drinks and cocktails. Drink mixers are well known in the art and can change, add, or enhance flavors to alcohol. Mixers dilute the drink, lowering the alcohol by volume in the drink. They may make the drink sweeter, more sour, or more savory. Some mixers change the texture or consistency of the drink, making it thicker or more watery. Drink mixers may also be used strictly for decorative purposes by changing the color or appearance of the drink.

[0074] A "nutrient" designates a nutritious substance or component. A nutrient may be micromolecular (e.g. vitamin, mineral, electrolyte) or macromolecular (e.g. fat, protein, carbohydrate) in size. In some instances a vitamin may be large enough to be classified as macromolecular, and some protein components (e.g. amino acids) and carbohydrates may be small enough to be classified as micronutrients.

[0075] An "electrolyte" includes a chemical substance that functions in solution as an electrical conductor (e.g. as a solution, liquid, or fused solid) in which current is carried by the movement of ions instead of electrons. Ions may include, for example, potassium, sodium, chloride, calcium, and phosphate. [0076] A "mineral" includes a chemical element or compound, with a characteristic solid homogeneous crystalline form, that may result from natural inorganic processes.

[0077] A "vitamin" designates any of various organic substances that may be essential to the physiology and function of many animals. Vitamins include, but are not limited to, Vitamin A (Retinol), Vitamin B l (Thiamine), Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid), Vitamin D (Calciferol), Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin), Vitamin E (Tocopherol), Vitamin B12

(Cobalamins), Vitamin Kl (Phylloquinone), Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid), Vitamin B7 (Biotin), Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine), Vitamin B3 (Niacin), and Vitamin B9 (Folic acid).

[0078] The term "one or more" includes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or more {e.g. , all).

[0079] The term "readily dissolves" describes a substance dissolves in a solvent of water and ethanol in less than 10 minutes. In preferred embodiments, the substance dissolves in less than about 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 minute(s). The solvent of water and ethanol can be less than about 50% ethanol. In preferred embodiments, the solvent of water and ethanol can be less than 49%, 48%, 47%, 46%, 45%, 44%, 43%, 42%, 41%, 40%, 39%, 38%, 37%, 36%, 35%, 34%, 33%, 32%, 31%, 30%, 29%, 28%, 27%, 26%, 25%, 24%, 23%, 22%, 21%, 20%, 19%, 18%, 17%, 16%, 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 11%, 10%, 9% 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2% and 1% ethanol.

[0080] The term "readily disperses" describes a substance that disperses into smaller pieces when exposed to a solvent of ethanol and water, so that they can be readily drunk by a subject. In preferred embodiments, the pieces of the substance are less than 1 mm in diameter when dispersed into smaller pieces. In other preferred embodiments, the pieces are less than 1.0, 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0.09, 0.08, 0.07, 0.06, 0.05, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, 0.01 and 0.001 mm in diameter. In other preferred embodiments, the substance disperses in less than 10 minutes when it is exposed to a solvent of water and ethanol. In other preferred embodiments, the substance disperses in 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 minute(s) when exposed to a solvent of water and ethanol. The solvent of water and ethanol can be less than about 50% ethanol. In preferred embodiments, the solvent of water and ethanol can be less than 9%, 48%, 47%, 46%, 45%, 44%, 43%, 42%, 41%, 40%, 39%, 38%, 37%, 36%, 35%, 34%, 33%, 32%, 31%, 30%, 29%, 28%, 27%, 26%, 25%, 24%, 23%, 22%, 21%, 20%, 19%, 18%, 17%, 16%, 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 11%, 10%, 9% 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2% and 1% ethanol.

Examples

[0081] It is understood that modifications which do not substantially affect the activity of the various embodiments of this invention are also provided within the definition of the invention provided herein. Accordingly, the disclosed examples are intended to illustrate but not limit the present invention. While the claimed invention has been described in detail and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that various changes and modifications can be made to the claimed invention without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. Thus, for example, those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain, using no more than routine experimentation, numerous equivalents to the specific substances and procedures described herein. Such equivalents are considered to be within the scope of this invention, and are covered by the following claims.

[0082] Example 1: Nutritional Supplement Composition

[0083] The list below provides one, non- limiting example of the components of the nutritional supplementation that may be added to an alcoholic beverage. The amounts of any or all of the listed components may be adjusted to the RDA or ±1% to 500% {e.g., , ±1%, ±2%, ±3%, ±4%, ±5%, ±10%, ±15%, ±20%, ±25%, ±30%, ±40%, ±50%, ±60%, ±70%, ±80%, ±90%, 100%, ±200%, ±500%), as appropriate. Concentration

Range in Alcoholic

Vitamins: Beverage

A 10-450 ug/L

Bl 10-600 ug/L

B3 10-45 mg/L

B5 1 -25 mg/L

B6 0.1-5 mg/L

B12 0.1-10 ug/L

C 10-750 mgL

D 0.01 -4.5 ug/L

E 0.1 - 8.5 mg/L

Miaerals:

Calcium 10-250 mg/L

Chromium 1 -30 ug/L

Potassium 1 - 200 mg/L

Magnesium 1 -25 rrrg/L

Zinc 0.1 -10 mg/L

[0084] For example, the components of the nutritional supplement composition that may be added to an alcoholic beverage may comprise or consist of one or more of vitamin A (e.g., 0-500 μg/L), vitamin Bl (e.g., 0-600 μg/L), vitamin B3 (e.g., 0-45 mg/L), vitamin B5 (e.g., 0-25 mg/L), vitamin B6 (e.g., 0-5 mg/L), vitamin B12 (e.g., 0-200 μg/L), vitamin C (e.g., 0-750 mg/L), vitamin D (e.g., 0- 5 μg/L), vitamin E (e.g., 0-8.5 mg/L), calcium (e.g., 0-250 mg/L), chromium (e.g., 0-30 μg/L), potassium (e.g., 0-200 mg/L), magnesium (e.g., 0-25 mg/L), and/or zinc (e.g., 0-10 mg/L).

[0085] In another, non-limiting example, the nutritional supplement composition that may be added to an alcoholic beverage comprises or consists one or more of vitamin A (e.g. , 1- 500 μg/L), vitamin Bl (e.g., 1-600 μg/L), vitamin B3 (e.g., 1-45 mg/L), vitamin B5 (e.g., 1-25 mg/L), vitamin B6 (e.g. , 1-5 mg/L), vitamin B 12 (e.g. , 0.1-200 μg/L), vitamin C (e.g. , 0.5-750 mg/L), vitamin D (e.g. , 0.5-5 μg/L), vitamin E (e.g. , 0.5-8.5 mg/L), calcium (e.g. , 20-250 mg/L), chromium (e.g. , 2-30 μg/L), potassium (e.g. , 50-200 mg/L), magnesium (e.g. , 10-25 mg/L), and/or zinc (e.g. , 4- 10 mg/L).

[0086] In yet another non-limiting embodiment of the invention, the components of the nutritional supplement composition that may be added to an alcoholic beverage comprise or consist of one or more of vitamin A (e.g. , 0.5-500 μg/L), vitamin B l (e.g. , 0.5-600 μg/L), vitamin B3 (e.g. , 0.1-45 mg/L), vitamin B5 (e.g. , 0.5-25 mg/L), vitamin B6 (e.g. , 0.5-5 mg/L), vitamin C (e.g. , 0.5-750 mg/L), vitamin D (e.g. , 0.1-5 μg/L), calcium (e.g. , 5-250 mg/L), chromium (e.g. , 0.05-30 μg/L), potassium (e.g. , 10-200 mg/L), and/or magnesium (e.g. , 5-25 mg/L).

[0087] Those skilled in the art will recognize that these listed concentrations refer to the concentration range in the alcoholic beverage of each vitamin, mineral, and/or electrolyte.

[0088] Moreover, those skilled in the art will recognize that, if present in the nutritional supplement composition, the concentration range in alcoholic beverage may fall within the ranges shown in this Example. However, those skilled in the art will also recognize that the nutritional supplement compositions of the invention do not need to contain all of the vitamins, minerals, and/or electrolytes described herein. Determination of the particular combination(s) of vitamins, minerals, and/or electrolytes is within the routine level of skill in the art.

[0089] Example 2: Vodka enhanced beverage:

[0090] For a vodka enhanced beverage, the nutritional supplement composition may comprise or consist of vitamin C (for example in an amount between 0-750 mg/L);

calcium (for example in an amount between 0-250 mg/L); and potassium (for example in an amount between 0-200 mg/L).

[0091] The list below provides one non-limiting example of the components of the nutritional supplementation that may be added to vodka or drink comprising vodka. Any or all of the amounts listed may be adjusted to the RDA or ±1% to 500% (e.g., , ±1 %, ±2%, ±3%, ±4%, ±5%, ±10%, ±15%, ±20%, ±25%, ±30%, ±40%, ±50%, ±60%, ±70%, ±80%, ±90%, 100%, ±200%, ±500%), as appropriate.

Vitamin A 0

Vitamin B 1 0

Vitamin B3 0

Vitamin B5 0

Vitamin B6 0

Vitamin B 12 0

Vitamin C 0.5 mg/L

Vitamin D 0

Vitamin E 0

Minerals/electrolytes :

Calcium 5.0 mg/L

Chromium 0

Potassium 15 mg/L

Magnesium 10 mg/L

Zinc 0.1 mg/L

[0092] Example 3: Rum enhanced beverage

[0093] For a rum enhanced beverage, the nutritional supplement composition may comprise or consist of vitamin A (for example in an amount between 0-500 μg/L), vitamin B l (for example in an amount between 0-600 μg/L), vitamin B3 (for example in an amount between 0-45 mg/L), vitamin B5 (for example in an amount between 0-25 mg/L), vitamin B6 (for example in an amount between 0-5 mg/L), vitamin B 12 (for example in an amount between 0-200 μg/L), vitamin C (for example in an amount between 0-750 mg/L), vitamin D (for example in an amount between 0- 5 μg/L), vitamin E (for example in an amount between 0-8.5 mg/L), calcium (for example in an amount between 0-250 mg/L), chromium (for example in an amount between 0-30 μg/L), potassium (for example in an amount between 0-200 mg/L), magnesium (for example in an amount between 0-25 mg/L), and zinc (for example in an amount between 0-10 mg/L).

[0094] The list below provides one non- limiting example of the components of the nutritional supplementation that may be added to rum or drink comprising rum. Any or all of the amounts listed may be adjusted to the RDA or ±1 % to 500% (e.g., , ±1 %, ±2%, ±3%, ±4%, ±5%, ±10%, ±15%, ±20%, ±25%, ±30%, ±40%, ±50%, ±60%, ±70%, ±80%, ±90%, 100%, ±200%, ±500%), as appropriate.

Vitamin A 5 μg/L

Vitamin B 1 40 μg/L

Vitamin B3 1 mg/L

Vitamin B5 2 mg/L

Vitamin B6 2 mg/L

Vitamin B 12 0.1 mg/L

Vitamin C 50 mg/L

Vitamin D 1 g/L

Vitamin E 0.5 mg/L

Minerals/electrolytes :

Calcium 20 mg/L

Chromium 2 g/L

Potassium 50 mg/L

Magnesium 10 mg/L

Zinc 4 mg/L

[0095] Example 4: whiskey enhanced beverage

[0096] For a whiskey enhanced beverage, the nutritional supplement composition may comprise or consist of vitamin A (for example in an amount between 0-500 Mg/L), vitamin Bl (for example in an amount between 0-600 Mg/L), vitamin B3 (for example in an amount between 0-45 mg/L), vitamin B5 (for example in an amount between 0-25 mg/L), vitamin B6 (for example in an amount between 0-5 mg/L), vitamin C (for example in an amount between 0-750 mg/L), vitamin D (for example in an amount between 0-5 Mg/L), calcium (for example in an amount between 0-250 mg/L), chromium (for example in an amount between 0-30 Mg/L), potassium (for example in an amount between 0-200 mg/L), and magnesium (for example in an amount between 0-25 mg/L). The list below provides one non-limiting example of the components of the nutritional supplementation that may be added to whiskey or drink comprising whiskey. Any of the amounts listed may be adjusted to the RDA or ±1% to 500% (e.g., , ±1 %, ±2%, ±3%, ±4%, ±5%, ±10%, ±15%, ±20%, ±25%, ±30%, ±40%, ±50%, ±60%, ±70%, ±80%, ±90%, 100%, ±200%, ±500%), as appropriate.

Vitamin A l g/L

Vitamin B 1 0.5 μg/L

Vitamin B3 0.1 mg/L

Vitamin B5 0.5 mg/L

Vitamin B6 1.0 mg/L

Vitamin B 12 O mg/L

Vitamin C 10 mg/L

Vitamin D 0.1 μg/L

Vitamin E O mg/L

Minerals/electrolytes :

Calcium 5 mg/L

Chromium 0.05 μg/L

Potassium 10 mg/L

Magnesium 5.0 mg/L

Zinc O mg/L

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A nutritional supplement composition comprising one or more nutrients selected from the group consisting of calcium, chromium, potassium, magnesium, and zinc and one or more vitamins selected from the group consisting of vitamin A, vitamin Bl, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E in a form that readily dissolves or disperses in a solvent of water and ethanol.

2. A nutritional supplement composition comprising vitamin A, vitamin Bl, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B 12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, calcium, chromium, potassium, magnesium, and zinc in a form that readily dissolves or disperses in a solvent of water and ethanol.

3. A nutritional supplement composition comprising vitamin A, vitamin Bl, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, calcium, chromium, potassium, and magnesium in a form that readily dissolves or disperses in a solvent of water and ethanol.

4. A nutritional supplement composition comprising nutritional supplement comprises

vitamin C, calcium, chromium, potassium, magnesium, and zinc in a form that readily dissolves or disperses in a solvent of water and ethanol.

5. The nutritional supplement composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is dissolved or dispersed in a beverage comprising alcohol.

6. The nutritional supplement composition of claim 2, wherein the composition is dissolved or dispersed in a beverage comprising alcohol.

7. The nutritional supplement composition of claim 3, wherein the composition is dissolved or dispersed in a beverage comprising alcohol.

8. The nutritional supplement composition of claim 4 wherein the composition is dissolved or dispersed in a beverage comprising alcohol.

9. A method for increasing nutritional constituents of an alcoholic beverage comprising adding to the alcoholic beverage a nutritional supplement composition comprising one or more nutrients selected from the group consisting of calcium, chromium, potassium, magnesium, and zinc and one or more vitamins selected from the group consisting of vitamin A, vitamin Bl, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E.

10. A method for increasing nutritional constituents of an alcoholic beverage comprising adding to the alcoholic beverage an amount of a nutritional supplement composition comprising vitamin A, vitamin Bl, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B 12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, calcium, chromium, potassium, magnesium, and zinc.

11. A method for increasing nutritional constituents of an alcoholic beverage comprising adding to the alcoholic beverage an amount of a nutritional supplement composition comprising vitamin A, vitamin Bl, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, calcium, chromium, potassium, and magnesium.

12. A method for increasing nutritional constituents of an alcoholic beverage comprising adding to the alcoholic beverage an amount of a nutritional supplement composition comprising vitamin C, calcium, chromium, potassium, magnesium, and zinc.

13. A nutritional supplement composition comprising

(a) one or more nutrients selected from the group consisting of 0-250 mg/L calcium, 0- 30 μg/L chromium, 0-200 mg/L potassium, 0-25 mg/L magnesium, and 0-10 mg/L zinc and

(b) one or more vitamins selected from the group consisting of 0-500 μg/L vitamin A, 0-600 μg/L vitamin Bl, 0-45 mg/L vitamin B3, 0-25 mg/L vitamin B5, 0-5 mg/L vitamin B6, 0-200 μg/L vitamin B 12, 0-750 mg/L vitamin C, 0- 5 μg/L vitamin D, and 0-8.5 mg/L vitamin E in a form that readily dissolves or disperses in a solvent of water and alcohol.

14. The nutritional supplement composition of claim 13, wherein the composition comprises 5 mg/L calcium, 15 mg/L potassium, 10 mg/L magnesium, 0.1 mg/L zinc, and 0.5 mg/L vitamin C.

15. The nutritional supplement composition of claim 13, wherein the composition comprises 20 mg/L calcium, 2 μg/L chromium, 50 mg/L potassium, 10 mg/L magnesium, 4 mg/L zinc, 5 μg/L vitamin A, 40 μg/L vitamin Bl, 1 mg/L vitamin B3, 2 mg/L vitamin B5, 2 mg/L of vitamin B6, 0.1 mg/L of vitamin B 12, 50 mg/L vitamin C, 1 μg/L of vitamin D, and 0.5 mg/L of vitamin E.

16. The nutritional supplement composition of claim 13, wherein the composition comprises 5 mg/L calcium, 0.05 μg/L chromium, 10 mg/L potassium, 5 mg/L magnesium, 1 μg/L vitamin A, 0.5 μg/L vitamin Bl, 0.1 mg/L vitamin B3, 0.5 mg/L vitamin B5, 1.0 mg/L of vitamin B6, 10 mg/L vitamin C, and 0.1 μg/L of vitamin D.