WO2012107607A1

WO2012107607A1 - Wavelength classification and radiation-intensity regulating system

Info

Publication number: WO2012107607A1
Application number: PCT/ES2011/070093
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jaime CASELLES FORNÉS
Original assignee: Caselles Fornes Jaime
Priority date: 2011-02-11
Filing date: 2011-02-11
Publication date: 2012-08-16

Abstract

The wavelength classification and radiation-intensity regulating system can be used to precisely classify each wavelength of incident radiation, in particular concentrated solar radiation, and to control intensity on an energy utilization receiver. The classification is controlled by making the radiation incident on transparent elements, preferably optical prisms, that separate the beams into the different wavelengths thereof, redirecting each wavelength towards a pre-determined zone. Classification reflectors are provided in each zone, which can rotate and redirect the pre-determined radiation onto a pre-determined target, on which intensity-regulating reflectors are disposed. Said reflectors reflect the radiation towards the utilization zone so that it is processed by a pre-determined receiving device which processes the pre-determined wavelength range and the pre-determined intensity-level intervals in an optimized manner, both being directed towards the receiving device in a controlled manner,.

Description

CLASSIFIER SYSTEM OF WAVE LENGTHS AND REGULATOR OF

RADIATION INTENSITY

Technical Field of the Invention

The field of application of the invention is the classification of wavelengths and regulation of the intensity of radiation in general and concentrated solar radiation in particular.

After said classification and regulation, the next step and as a consequence thereof is the optimal use of solar energy and the optimization of its conversion into electric energy by means of devices such as photovoltaic cells, thermal receivers for thermoelectric generation , photoelectrochemical water disinfection devices, radiation wavelength converting devices, thermal devices as well as hydrogen generation devices, both through high temperature processes and / or photoelectrochemicals.

State of the art

The electromagnetic spectrum is very wide, in particular, solar radiation covers various wavelengths ranging from short wavelengths, such as ultraviolet radiation, to long wavelengths, such as infrared radiation. Both ends of said solar radiation are not captured by the human eye.

In general, if a transparent material is irradiated with a beam of light with a certain angle of incidence, it is broken down into ultraviolet, violet, blue, green, yellow, red and infrared wavelengths.

The range of wavelengths that reach the earth's surface ranges from 300nm to 3000nm. Visible light covers the frequency range from 380 nm of the violet color to 770nm of the red color. It is estimated that the light visible by the human eye represents 50% of the total energy of the solar radiation that reaches the earth's surface.

In order to increase the performance of solar cells, cells called multi-junction are being made, which consist of overlapping different sheets sensitive to different wavelengths to increase performance. These have the disadvantage that the superposition of different sheets of different materials produces a certain shadow in which they are underneath, the unions between different materials, as well as the high cost of their manufacture.

It is estimated that multi-junction cells have a cost 100 times higher than conventional ones.

On the other hand it is known that the electrical conversion of photovoltaic cells depends on both wavelengths and the intensities with which they are irradiated. In order for the photovoltaic conversion effect to occur, the photon energy must be sufficient to overcome the prohibited band (bandgap) and arrive from the valence band to the conduction band. The photon's energy is determined exclusively by its wavelength. The photon wavelength determines its depth of reach, with short wavelengths being braked before long ones. Each material has its corresponding banned band energy level. If the energy of the photon is not enough to overcome the prohibited band, it passes through the semiconductor and is not absorbed, causing the loss of said radiation. If the photon energy is greater than or equal to the bandgap energy of the material, photon absorption occurs. If it is greater than that necessary to overcome the bandgap of the material, the excess energy is transformed into a greater or lesser amount of heat energy depending on the semiconductor material.

It is known that the prohibited bands of each of the semiconductor materials and their possible combinations is very different, as well as that there are semiconductors of direct prohibited band and indirect prohibited band. Gallium arsenide (GaAs) is a direct prohibited band and silicon is an indirect prohibited band. This influences that it has the curves of absorption coefficients of the different wavelengths with different profiles, being in the indirect prohibited band silicon very proportional to the wavelengths and on the contrary in the GaAs it occurs when entering wavelengths of wave that exceed the bandgap a strong increase in photon absorption.

It is known that recombination in photovoltaic cells can be of different types and that this affects the level of temperature reached by the cell in the excess energy of the photons that exceed the prohibited band. It is known that the energy density of the solar spectrum is not proportional, 50% of the energy of the entire spectrum being concentrated in the visible spectrum.

On the other hand it is known that the design of thermoelectric generation thermal receivers are greatly affected in their optimization by the variation in the levels of intensity of radiation that can occur when changing climatic conditions at a given time.

The decomposition of solar radiation by optical prisms is also known.

The configurations in the form of a solar thermal receiver for use in concentrating systems for the use of thermal energy are also known. Optical prisms are used that decompose the solar thermal radiation received in at least two thermal zones in order to achieve the division of the thermal radiation to prevent the longer wavelengths emitted by the receiving body, greater than those that affect said zone, leave that zone. This system is based on the fact that a very hot body emits radiation that can be higher than the one received. Fluid circuits are created on the walls of the receiver to properly take advantage of thermal radiation.

Document US 4377154 describes a solar collector in which the reception surfaces are formed by a series of prisms and mirrors, such that the faces of the prisms and mirrors rotate to follow the sun's rays through active motion systems. The document focuses mainly on the detail of tracking the position of the sun. These prisms break down the incident radiation into two zones, infrared and ultraviolet, in which directly or through reflectors directed to other areas, the ultraviolet zone can radiate on photovoltaic cells, thus isolating the infrared radiation that can radiate on thermal devices. This document does not specify a possible way to deliver the beams of light to the device in a concentrated manner, nor the complete and detailed decomposition of the solar spectrum, nor the control of the intensity of each wavelength. There are also other documents that mention the use, in their characterizations or particularizations, of the possibility of using optical prisms for the decomposition of solar radiation, for example by coupling radiation decomposing prisms to the basic device. Other inventions are characterized by light receiving elements which can comprise independent assemblies each formed by a collimator, a diffractor and a cell optimized to different light spectra. These inventions mention the possible decomposition of the incident radiation but do not develop it concretely and in detail.

At present, commercialized systems are based on increasing efficiency with high electrical conversion coefficients by means of last generation cells using solar concentration or those looking for low costs of cells with lower efficiencies. In the thermoelectric conversion, mainly parabolic trough devices and large solar orchards with heliostats are being commercialized. Multi-junction cells are based on the use of the solar spectrum in a differentiated way.

Summary

The objective in the use of solar energy is to reach the lowest generation cost per Kwh possible. This is determined by the cost of the facilities and the levels of efficiency in electrical conversion.

The present invention improves these current yields and thereby solves the problems of the state of the art since:

to be able to vary the different wavelengths received and the irradiated intensity levels, thus determining the conditions in which the optimum performance is achieved

it allows the efficient irradiation / illumination of the receiving devices (5B), whether photovoltaic, thermal or other, only with certain wavelengths and with certain intensity levels previously determined

it facilitates that said receivers (5B) can be optimized for certain reception conditions being able to reach levels of radiation superconcentration by avoiding inconvenient lengths or not useful, which can be used by other devices that can take advantage of it optimally

it allows great cost reductions as well as the receivers to work in an optimal way. Likewise, the joint use of several of these receivers (5B) takes advantage of the energy totality of the set of frequencies that configure solar radiation

allows to change the configuration of the devices to couple them to different compositions of receiving devices (5B) of use depending on the main uses that are sought

it achieves the stable operation of the receiving devices (5B) regardless of the radiation levels in changing environmental conditions and the easy cataloging of the different receiving devices (5B).

Description of the drawings

FIGURE 1. OVERVIEW. CLASSIFIER AND REGULATORY BOX

THE RADIATION.

1 A. Incident radiation ducts.

IB. Transparent element / optical prism.

2A. Means of orientation of the classifying reflectors (ID).

ID. Adjustable classifying reflectors.

IE. Adjustable regulating reflectors.

IF. Wavelengths 3000nm at 1920nm and 1560 at 1200nm. Intensity level 1.

IG. Wavelengths from 1920nm to 1560nm. Intensity level 2

IH Wavelengths from 1200nm to 840nm. Intensity level 3.

II. Wavelengths from 840nm to 660nm. Intensity level 3.

1J. Wavelengths from 660nm to 300nm. Intensity level 5.

1K Radiation incident on utilization receiver element (5B).

FIGURE 2. ORIENTABLE CLASSIFIER REFLECTORS.

2A. Means of orientation of the classifying reflectors (ID).

2B. Wheel: position 1. Focuses radiation on regulating reflector element 1. 2 C. Wheel: position 3. Focus radiation on regulatory reflector element 3.

2D. Wheel: position 5. Focuses radiation on regulating reflector element 5.

2E. Box structure

2F. Top view of the reflector.

2 G. Side view of the reflector.

2H. Reflector wavelengths from 2820nm to 3000nm.

21. Reflector wavelengths from 2640nm to 2820nm.

2J. Reflector wavelengths from 2460nm to 2640nm.

2K Reflector wavelengths from 1740nm to 1920nm.

2L. Reflector wavelengths from 1200nm to 1380nm.

2M. Reflector wavelengths from 480nm to 660nm.

2N. Reflector wavelengths from 300nm to 480nm.

FIGURE 3. INTENSITY REGULATORY MECHANISM SCHEME.

3A. Radiation of certain wavelengths focused by the regulating reflectors (1E).

3B. Level 1 intensity.

3C. Level 2 intensity.

3D Level 3 intensity.

3E. Level 4 intensity.

3F. Level 5 intensity

3G Positions of the reflectors depending on the intensity level.

FIGURE 4. INTENSITY REGULATION MECHANISM. DETAIL

PRESSURE MOVEMENT.

4 A. Incident radiation of the classifying reflectors and reflected to the different intensity level zones.

4B. Pressure communicator tube.

4C. Shafts of the regulating reflectors (1E).

1E. Adjustable regulating reflectors.

4E. Piston push pressure.

4F. Spring for recoil level 1 intensity position.

4G Stop plate for executing the rotary movement on the shaft.

4H. Intensity level position 5. 41. Intensity level position 4.

4J. Intensity level position 3.

4K Intensity level position 2.

4L. Intensity level position 1.

4M. Fixed regulator reflector at intensity level 1.

4N. Structure enclosure regulatory zone.

FIGURE 5. INTENSITY REGULATION MECHANISM VIEW.

5A. Radiation determined wavelengths focused by the classifying reflectors.

5B. Receiving element of radiation exploitation.

5C. Level 1 radiation intensity.

5 D. Level 3 intensity of radiation.

5E. Level 5 radiation intensity.

5F. Means of orientation according to the level of radiation intensity received.

1E. Adjustable regulating reflectors.

5H. Compartment with fluid that increases pressure by temperature rise.

51. Pressure communication duct to the reflector axes.

FIGURE 6. DETAIL OF THE COOLING MEANS OF THE

REFLECTORS CLASSIFIERS AND REGULATORS. 6 A. Cooling media / Chilled fluid inlet.

6B. Cooling media / Heated fluid outlet.

6C. Cooling media / Hollow reflectors.

6D. Means of orientation of the reflectors (ID, 1E).

FIGURE 7. PRISON COOLING FLUID CIRCUIT

OPTICAL.

IB. Transparent element / optical prism.

7B. Chilled fluid inlet.

7C. Heated fluid outlet.

7D. Hollow fluid circulation compartment. FIGURE 8. VIEW WITH NUMBER OF PRISMS AND VARIABLE REGULATORY ELEMENTS.

IB. Transparent element / optical prism.

ID. Adjustable classifying reflectors.

IE. Adjustable regulating reflectors.

5B. Receiving element of radiation exploitation.

8E. Regulatory elements without incident radiation and without receiver coupling.

8F. Gaps available for coupling regulatory elements.

Description of the embodiments

The system of the invention is based on the decomposition and classification of the entire electromagnetic spectrum of the incident solar radiation and the subsequent use of each wavelength in areas of the system optimized devices for that particular wavelength, thus also controlling the intensity in each of the receiving elements (5B).

The wavelength classifier and radiation intensity regulator system operates in such a way that the radiation beams (normally already concentrated by previous acquisition, conduction and concentration phases in optical ducts (1A)) are directed over at least one line of transparent element (IB) that disperses and decomposes them so that each wavelength is placed on different classifying reflectors (ID) so that at least one orientable classifying reflector (ID) can redirect each incident wavelength in it to a target area wherein at least one regulating reflector element (1E) of the intensity of the adjustable radiation is arranged so that the classified and regulated radiation can be directed towards a processing zone of said radiation.

The transparent elements (IB), preferably optical prisms, decompose the light beams because each wavelength that forms the solar radiation, changing speed differently depending on the medium that is passing through, so that the longer wavelengths are less dispersed You cut them. This speed variation of each wavelength depends on the index of refraction of the material that the radiation is going through. Depending on the angle of incidence of the beam on the prism, more or less dispersion of the different wavelengths occurs.

The scattering of the light beam is determined solely by the angle of incidence and the refractive index of the medium. Therefore, in order to disperse it, it is not necessary to use an element in the form of a prism, being able to disperse with a multitude of shapes and materials.

Therefore, to produce the classification of the different wavelengths it is necessary that the radiation affects the transparent elements (IB), preferably optical prisms in the form of light beams so that, with certain angles of incidence, the dispersion towards certain areas, depending on the wavelength.

An important aspect of this decomposition is that it has to take into account all the wavelengths of the solar radiation that are received on the Earth's surface: from 300 nm of the ultraviolet to 3000 nm of the infrared, therefore including those not visible.

The physical form of the transparent elements (IB) radiation dispersers / decomposers could be very diverse. The simplest form would be as shown in the different Figures 1, 7 and 8, using optical prisms (IB). The decomposition / classification of wavelengths could be greater or lesser, depending on the receiving element devices (5B) in which we would like to process the radiation.

The wavelength classifier and radiation intensity regulator system according to any of the preceding claims has transparent elements (IB) that are arranged in parallel forming several lines, oriented with different angles to position the different outgoing wavelengths on the same areas system physics.

Figure 1 shows an arrangement with a single longitudinal optical prism (IB) with a multitude of in-line optical ducts (1A) that make the radiation conducted by them affect a certain angle on the optical prism (IB). Keep in mind that each material has its own refractive index and produces the dispersion in different physical areas. If necessary, a cooling circuit (7B, 7C, 7D) (Figure 7) could be coupled in such a way that the prism will tolerate more radiation concentration. In another embodiment, several prism lines (IB) could also be formed, as can be seen in Figure 8, the arrangement of these would be made at different angles to place the different wavelengths on the same physical areas.

The manufacturing materials to be used could be varied. Mention that the optimum characteristics in the dispersion are the levels of transparency and absorptivity of the material in all wavelengths and its thermal behavior. Mention by way of example that in the dispersion there is borosilicate glass with transmittances greater than 90% in almost the entire solar spectrum and glass more resistant to high temperatures such as aluminum silicate glass. Additionally it may be convenient to include another material that is part of the composition of the transparent elements / optical prisms (IB): quartz, since it can have certain utilities at high concentrations known its high melting temperature. The faces of the prism could be coated with anti-reflective layers in order to avoid reflections.

The transparent elements / prisms (IB) can take different forms: in longitudinal, in arc, in two superimposed lines facing the shortest wavelengths to the center, in circles, etc.

By passing the radiation through the prism (IB), it is decomposed in its different wavelengths and dispersed, causing them to influence a multitude of classifying reflectors (ID). The number of classifying reflectors (ID) can be variable. In Figure 1 the radiation from 300 nm to 3000 nm has been divided into 15 equal parts of 180 nm. This division has been made for illustrative purposes only, but could be a greater or lesser number of divisions. The divisions can have unequal amplitudes, for example, radiation from 1900 nm to 3000 nm can be reflected by a single wider reflector. If the classifying reflectors (ID) include broad ranges of radiation wavelengths, concave classifying reflectors (ID) can be used to make this radiation influence on narrower regulatory reflector elements (1E). In Figure 2 you can see the detail of these classifying reflectors (ID). In Figure 2 the radiation has also been divided into 15 divisions of 180 nm wavelengths, as in Figure 1.

Each of the classifying reflectors (ID) is fixed on axes of rotational motion. These axes are in turn fixed to orientation means (2A). In the preferred embodiment, the axes of the classifying reflectors (ID) are centered with the axes of the orientation means (2A) (wheels, in the preferred embodiment) of the classifying reflectors (ID) whose movement can reflect that certain length wave on the different regulatory reflector elements (1E). In this way, the invention allows total freedom for the configuration of the classification of the different wavelengths of the incident radiation from the radiation ducts (1A).

The orientation means or wheels (2 A) of the classifying reflectors (ID) have position references to indicate which regulating reflector element (1E) of the intensity focuses on. In references 2B, 2C and 2D of Figure 2 it can be seen that each individual classifying reflector (ID) has freedom of movement for the focus area, that is, to focus on the different intensity regulating elements (1E) . In this particular arrangement, 5 regulatory reflector elements (1E) are provided, therefore the orientation wheel (2 A) for said references 2B, 2C and 2D of Figure 2, has those 5 possible positions determining certain freedom of movement. The orientation means / wheels (2 A) comprise as many position references (2B, 2C, 2D) as the number of regulating reflector elements (1E) the system has.

Classifying reflectors (ID) can be rotated manually. The driving of these orientation wheels (2A) of the classifying reflectors (ID) can be done either manually or by introducing electronic devices that perform said rotation. In addition, several standard configurations of the set of classifying reflectors (ID) can be included to couple them to the different receiver elements (5B) for the use of radiation.

Classifying reflectors (ID) can also be equipped with cooling circuits (6A, 6B, 6C) (Figure 6) that can be connected to cooling means, in which the reflectors Classifiers (ID) have hollow shapes that allow the circulation of a fluid inside, the axes can also be hollow to allow the flow of the fluid through said axes to the hollow reflectors (6C).

Manufacturing materials for hollow reflectors (6C), classifiers (ID) or regulators (1E), can be varied. The material must be very polished and will reflect very well determined wavelengths. The thermal behavior of the material is also important at high levels of radiation concentration. There are reflective materials such as polished or evaporated aluminum that have high levels of reflection in almost the entire solar spectrum (melting point temperature at 660 ° C) and others such as tungsten that has high levels of reflection at long wavelengths, with a very high melting point (3,400 ° C), silver (approximately 961 ° C) and highly polished stainless steel (1500 ° C).

To optimize the behavior of the materials we will take into account the possibility of making the vacuum since it affects the thermal limits of the materials as well as the cooling media that could be coupled to these elements.

At this point in the system we already have the radiation classified in its different wavelengths and each one focused on the different regulatory reflector elements (1E).

The intensity regulation is carried out with elements such as those shown in Figure 5. The radiation from the classifying reflector elements (lD) affects different regulating reflectors (lE), which are allowed some rotational movement depending on the level of radiation intensity, redirecting radiation to more or less wide areas of the receiving elements (5B) of radiation exploitation.

In Figure 3 an arrangement with 5 intensity levels can be seen in which the regulating reflectors (1E) are located in a position of intensity level 2 (3G). The different positions of the regulating reflectors (1E) in Figure 3 depend on the intensity levels captured in the compartment (5H). The first regulating reflector (1E), located in Figure 3, the first one on the upper right, has no rotational movement since that minimum level of radiation has always been provided at least. At intensity level 1 all the regulating reflectors (1E) redirect the radiation (3A) over the intensity level zone 1 (3B). At intensity level 2 (3C), the first reflector directs radiation over the intensity level zone 1, (3B), the second reflector directs radiation over the intensity level zone 2 (3C) and the 3 regulating reflectors (1E) remaining redirect radiation over level 1 (3B) and intensity level 2 (3C). At intensity level 3 (3D), the first, second and third regulatory reflector (1E) redirects the radiation classified on the intensity level zones 1, 2 and 3 respectively (3B, 3C, 3D) and the fourth and fifth reflectors distribute the radiation between levels 1, 2 and 3. At intensity level 4 (3E) the first four regulating reflectors (1E) redirect the radiation over the first 4 intensity level zones respectively and the fifth regulatory reflector (1E) Redirects them proportionally to these four zones of intensity levels. At level 5 (3F) of intensity all the regulating reflectors (1E) redirect the radiation to their respective intensity level zone, that is, each regulating reflector (1E) redirects the radiation that reaches it towards each of the zones (3B, 3C, 3D, 3E, 3F) respectively, that is, in Figure 3, the first regulator reflector (1E) located at the right end, towards zone 3B; the second reflector in that order, towards zone 3C; the third, towards 3D; the fourth, towards zone 3E; and the fifth, towards zone 3F. In this way the position of each of the at least one regulator reflector (1E) will depend on the intensity levels of radiation captured in the compartment (5H).

The rotational movement of the regulating reflectors (1E) can be produced in different ways. One way can be manual to, for example, test the behavior of a certain receiving element at different intensity levels. Thus, the regulating reflectors (1E) are orientable according to a rotational movement whose position (3G) determines the amount of classified radiation that each intensity level zone of the system receives (3B, 3C, 3D, 3E, 3F).

Another way would be to include electronic control mechanisms that rotate the regulating reflectors (1E) depending on the intensity level. In this way, the Regulatory elements (1E) are orientable by rotational movements around its axis, said movements being controlled by electronic mechanisms for controlling the intensity of radiation received.

The preferred way is to include a temperature rise pressure circuit, such as that shown in Figure 4, in which there is a compartment (5H) in the area where the reflector regulators (1E) reflect the radiation. This compartment (5H) may contain a fluid that would be heated and produce an increase in pressure that is communicated to the axes of the regulating reflectors (1E) through a conduit (4B, 51) that produces the thrust of pistons (4E) located next to the axes of each of the regulating reflectors (1E). The movement of the pistons (4E) pushes a stop (4G) formed by a blade attached to the shaft that rotates the shaft and the regulating reflector (1E) with its movement. Different tolerance tabs (4H, 41, 4J, 4K, 4L) of movement of this sheet (4G) are provided which produce that this sheet (4G) can adopt the position corresponding to the different intensity levels and not intermediate positions.

The sheet (4G) is linked to elastic means to be able to go back to lower levels of eyelashes (4H, 41, 4J, 4K, 4L) in the event of a decrease in intensity levels. In the preferred embodiment, a spring (4F) is provided to retract the sheets to lower levels in the event of a decrease in intensity levels.

That is, the compartment (5H) can contain a fluid which can produce an increase in pressure in a conduit (4B, 51), said increase is communicated to the axis of the regulating reflector (1E) through the thrust of a piston (4E ) which acts on said regulating reflector (1E). In this way the regulating elements (1E) are orientable by rotational movements around its axis, said movements being able to take place by variations in the pressure exerted by pistons (4E) that expand as the temperature increases by increasing the intensity of radiation received

As can be seen in Figure 3, the degrees of freedom of each of the regulatory reflectors (1E) are gradually being expanded to allow greater Margin of rotation to produce the redirection of the radiation (3 A) over the different intensity zones (3B, 3C, 3D, 3E, 3F) increasingly wide.

The movement of the regulating reflectors (1E) occurs when the temperature increases and therefore the pressure in the compartment (5H). If there is little pressure in the compartment (5H), all the regulating reflectors (1E) adopt position 1 as the pistons (4E) do not apply enough pressure on the plates (4G) and, ultimately, on the axes. As the intensity of the radiation increases and therefore the temperature and therefore the pressure, the pistons (4E) push the blades (4G) and they rotate the reflectors to the positions following the 1 o of rest (4L ), that is to the intensity levels 2, 3, 4 and 5 (3C, 3D, 3E, 3F) and the different tab levels (4H, 41, 4J, 4K) until reaching the maximum limit of freedom of movement of each regulator reflector (1E), which occurs when the sheet (4G) attempts to exceed the maximum intensity level position for that regulator reflector (1E). In this way, in its movement, the piston (4E) pushes a sheet (4G) attached to the shaft, the movement of said sheet (4G) rotating the shaft and consequently the regulating reflector (1E) attached to said axis. In general, each regulatory reflector element (1E) can have different intensity level graduations.

In general, the wavelength classifier and radiation intensity regulator system is configured such that the classified and regulated radiation leaving the regulating reflector (1E) is directed towards a processing zone comprising optimized receiver elements (5B) for the use of said specific spectrum of electromagnetic wavelengths.

As for the materials to be used for the manufacture of the regulating reflectors (1E), these could be the same as those used in the classifying reflectors (ID) since they are the same wavelengths of the incident radiation. The inner faces of these regulatory reflector elements (1E) are very reflective in the corresponding wavelengths.

The regulating reflectors (1E) can be provided with cooling circuits (6A, 6B, 6C) connectable to cooling means such as those shown in Figure 6, in which a fluid is circulated inside the reflectors. In Figure 8 it can be seen that these regulating reflector elements (1E) can be very variable in number, even the sorting and regulating box that contains all the reflector sets (ID, 1E) can provide spaces (8F) for inclusion of a variable number of regulatory reflector elements (1E).

Each regulatory reflector element (1E) can have different intensity level graduations and different fluids can also circulate. That is, in each regulating reflector element (1E) a fluid adapted to the particular operating conditions of said element can circulate.

The wavelength classifier and radiation intensity regulator system according to any of the preceding claims may be provided with connection means for performing the vacuum inside. In the preferred embodiment, the assembly can have the vacuum inside to avoid radiation absorption, preservation of the devices etc.

The wavelength classifier and radiation intensity regulator system may be constructed such that the walls of the container containing the system are equipped with cooling circuits.

All the cooling circuits, the prisms (ID), the classifier reflectors (IB) and regulators (1E) and the container walls, can be interconnected to unify them or take advantage of them in Stirling engines of low / medium temperature or exchangers to produce their use in electric generators.

In conclusion, the invention allows the classification of any incident electromagnetic radiation with greater or lesser precision and with greater or lesser intensity to be used in specific receiving elements (5B) to take advantage of that determined electromagnetic wavelength of said radiation.

As an example, outputs to receiving elements (5B) formed by: - silicon photovoltaic cells with wavelengths from 900 nm to 1100 nm and with concentration and intensity levels of 100 to 1100 soles, divided into 10 intensity levels of 100 soles each division.

- GaAs cells with wavelengths of 600 to 700 nm and with concentration and intensity levels of 100 to 1100 soles, divided into 5 intensity levels of 200 soles each division

- volumetric thermal receivers with wavelengths of 1000 to 3000 nm and 700 to 900 nm with concentration levels and intensity of 1000 to 5000 soles, divided into 8 levels of 500 soles each division

- Fluorescent receivers with shorter wavelengths, 500 to 600 nm wavelengths with 3 intensity levels

- water circulation systems for disinfection with wavelengths from 300 nm to 500 nm with 5 intensity levels from 2000 to 10,000 soles

The use of the wavelength classifier and radiation intensity regulator system as a test system for the different receivers (5B) using direct radiation or solar simulators to calculate the optimal concentrations and intensities of a given range of wavelengths

Finally, the independent and divisible sub-systems in modules are also protected:

comprising the lines of transparent elements (IB) and the classifying reflectors (ID), being confined within a single independent container. The radiation classification functionality separately is useful for many applications that comprise the regulatory elements (1E) and their corresponding orientation elements, being confined within a single independent container. Intensity regulation without prior wavelength classification is also useful in many receiving devices, whether photovoltaic cells or thermal receivers.

Claims

1. Wavelength classifier system and radiation intensity regulator in which radiation beams are directed over at least one transparent element line (IB) that disperses and decomposes them so that each wavelength is located over different classifying reflectors (ID)

characterized in that the at least one adjustable classifying reflector (ID) redirects each incident wavelength therein to an objective area where at least one regulating reflector element (1E) of the intensity of the orientable radiation is arranged so that the classified and regulated radiation can be directed towards a processing zone of said radiation.

2. Wavelength classifier system and radiation intensity regulator according to claim 1

characterized in that the classifying reflectors (ID) can be oriented rotationally manually.

3. Wavelength classifier system and radiation intensity regulator according to claim 1

characterized in that the classifying reflectors (ID) can be guided by electronic mechanisms that control said rotation.

4. Wavelength classifier system and radiation intensity regulator according to any of the preceding claims

characterized in that the regulating elements (1E) are orientable by rotational movements around its axis, said movements being able to take place by variations in the pressure exerted by pistons (4E) that expand as the temperature increases by increasing the radiation intensity received

5. Wavelength classifier system and radiation intensity regulator according to claims 1 to 3

characterized in that the regulating elements (1E) are orientable by rotational movements around its axis, said movements being controlled by electronic mechanisms of control of the received radiation intensity.

6. Wavelength classifier system and radiation intensity regulator according to any of the preceding claims

characterized in that the lines of transparent elements (IB) are optical prisms.

7. Wavelength classifier system and radiation intensity regulator according to any of the preceding claims

characterized in that the radiation beams are directed to the lines of transparent elements (IB) through optical conduits (1A).

8. Wavelength classifier system and radiation intensity regulator according to any of the preceding claims

characterized in that the transparent elements (IB) are refrigerable by cooling means (7B, 7C, 7D).

9. Wavelength classifier system and radiation intensity regulator according to any of the preceding claims

characterized in that the transparent elements (IB) are arranged in parallel forming several lines, oriented with different angles to place the different protruding wavelengths on the same physical areas of the system.

10. Wavelength classifier system and radiation intensity regulator according to any of the preceding claims

characterized in that the transparent elements (IB) comprise borosilicate glass and / or aluminum silicate glass and / or quartz.

11. Wavelength classifier system and radiation intensity regulator according to any of the preceding claims

characterized in that the faces of the transparent elements (IB) are coated with anti-reflective layers.

12. Wavelength classifier system and radiation intensity regulator according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the classifying reflectors (ID) are concave so as to be able to influence this radiation on narrower regulatory reflector elements (1E).

13. Wavelength classifier system and radiation intensity regulator according to any of the preceding claims

characterized in that each classifying reflector (ID) is fixed on a rotational axis of movement on which orientation means (2A) of the classifying reflector (ID) are arranged.

14. Wavelength classifier system and radiation intensity regulator according to claim 13

characterized in that the orientation means (2A) of the classifying reflectors (ID) have position references to indicate which target area it focuses on.

15. Wavelength classifier system and radiation intensity regulator according to claim 14

characterized in that the orientation means (2A) comprise as many position references as the number of regulating reflector elements (1E) the system has.

16. Wavelength classifier system and radiation intensity regulator according to any of the preceding claims

characterized in that the classifying reflectors (ID) are cooled by a cooling circuit (6A, 6B, 6C) connectable to cooling means.

17. Wavelength classifier system and radiation intensity regulator according to claim 16

characterized in that the classifying reflectors (ID) are hollow reflectors (6C) that are part of the cooling circuit (6A, 6B, 6C).

18. Wavelength classifier system and radiation intensity regulator according to any of the preceding claims

characterized in that the materials for manufacturing hollow reflectors (6C), classifiers (ID) or regulators (1E) comprise polished or evaporated tungsten aluminum, silver or highly polished stainless steel.

19. Wavelength classifier system and radiation intensity regulator according to any of the preceding claims

characterized in that the inner faces of the regulating reflector element (1E) are very reflective for the incident wavelengths.

20. Wavelength classifier system and radiation intensity regulator according to claim 4

characterized in that the position of each of the at least one regulating reflector (1E) depends on the intensity levels of radiation captured in the compartment (5H).

21. Wavelength classifier system and radiation intensity regulator according to claim 20

characterized in that the regulating reflectors (1E) are orientable according to a rotational movement whose position (3G) determines the amount of radiation classified that receives each zone of intensity level of the system (3B, 3C, 3D, 3E, 3F).

22. Wavelength classifier system and radiation intensity regulator according to claim 20

characterized in that the compartment (5H) can contain a fluid which can produce an increase in pressure in a conduit (4B, 51), said increase is communicated to the axis of the regulating reflector (1E) through the thrust of a piston (4E ) which acts on said regulating reflector (1E).

23. Wavelength classifier system and radiation intensity regulator according to claim 22

characterized in that in its movement, the piston (4E) pushes a sheet (4G) attached to the shaft, the movement of said sheet (4G) rotating the shaft and therefore the regulating reflector (1E) attached to said axis.

24 Wavelength classifier system and radiation intensity regulator according to claim 22 characterized in that the sheet (4G), operable by the piston (4E), can be placed only in certain limited positions between different tolerance tabs (4H, 41, 4J, 4K, 4L) provided.

25 Wavelength classifier system and radiation intensity regulator according to claim 24

characterized in that the sheet (4G) is linked to elastic means to be able to go back to lower levels of eyelashes (4H, 41, 4J, 4K, 4L) in the event of a decrease in intensity levels.

26 Wavelength classifier system and radiation intensity regulator according to any of claims 23 to 25

characterized in that the sheet (4G) can adopt a resting position (4L) at a minimum intensity level and incrementally, by action of the increase in fluid pressure in the compartment (5H) on the piston (4E), it can push said sheet (4G) sequentially, said sheet (4G) adopting the different flange levels (4H, 41, 4J, 4K), being able to reach the maximum limit of freedom of movement of each sheet (4G) and, consequently, of each regulator reflector (1E).

27 Wavelength classifier system and radiation intensity regulator according to any of the preceding claims

characterized in that each regulating reflector element (1E) can have graduations of different intensity levels.

28. Wavelength classifier system and radiation intensity regulator according to any of the preceding claims

characterized in that the regulating reflectors (1E) can be provided with cooling circuits (6 A, 6B, 6C) connectable to cooling means in which a fluid is circulated inside the regulating reflectors (1E).

29. Wavelength classifier system and radiation intensity regulator according to any of the preceding claims

characterized in that in each regulating reflector element (1E) a fluid adapted to the particular operating conditions of said element can circulate.

30. Wavelength classifier system and radiation intensity regulator according to any of the preceding claims

characterized in that it can be provided with connection means to perform the vacuum inside.

31. Wavelength classifier system and radiation intensity regulator according to any of the preceding claims

characterized in that the walls of the container containing the system are equipped with cooling circuits.

32. Wavelength classifier system and radiation intensity regulator according to any of the preceding claims

characterized in that all the cooling circuits, the prisms (IB), the classifier reflectors (IB) and regulators (1E) and the container walls are interconnectable to inject the energy collected in the fluid into a Stirling engine , heat exchanger or other heat energy utilization device.

33. Wavelength classifier system and radiation intensity regulator according to any of the preceding claims

characterized in that the classified and regulated radiation leaving the regulating reflector (1E) is directed towards a processing area comprising receiver elements (5B) optimized for the use of said specific spectrum of electromagnetic wavelengths.

34. Wavelength classifier system and radiation intensity regulator according to claim 33

characterized in that the receiving elements (5B) comprise photovoltaic cells, GaAs cells, volumetric thermal receivers, fluorescent receivers in wavelengths, water circulation systems for disinfection, thermal use devices and / or devices for generating hydrogen, both through high temperature and photoelectrochemical processes, each of which can be optimized for operation in a given frequency band.

35. Use of the wavelength classifier and radiation intensity regulator system according to the preceding claims

as a test system for the different receivers (5B) using direct radiation or solar simulators to calculate the optimal concentrations and intensities of a given range of wavelengths.

36. A wavelength classifier system of a radiation according to any of claims I to 3, 7 to l8, 31 to 32

characterized in that the transparent element lines (IB) and the classifying reflectors (ID) are confined within a single independent container.

37. A radiation intensity regulator system according to any of claims 4 to 3, 18, 19 to 30, 31 to 32, 33 to 34

characterized in that the regulatory elements (1E) and their corresponding orientation elements are confined within a single independent container.