WO2012105583A1 - Composition for optical members and optical member - Google Patents
Composition for optical members and optical member Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012105583A1 WO2012105583A1 PCT/JP2012/052199 JP2012052199W WO2012105583A1 WO 2012105583 A1 WO2012105583 A1 WO 2012105583A1 JP 2012052199 W JP2012052199 W JP 2012052199W WO 2012105583 A1 WO2012105583 A1 WO 2012105583A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- mole
- composition
- optical members
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- group
- Prior art date
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 163
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 62
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 49
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 47
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 42
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 32
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 29
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 29
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 29
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 25
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 20
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 16
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- -1 Si oxide Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 11
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 10
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- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- HPEUJPJOZXNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl stearate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC HPEUJPJOZXNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 description 2
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- MVLVMROFTAUDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC MVLVMROFTAUDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001233 yttria-stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMMJWQMCMRUYTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1Cl QMMJWQMCMRUYTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000006059 cover glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- CAMHHLOGFDZBBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N epoxidized methyl oleate Natural products CCCCCCCCC1OC1CCCCCCCC(=O)OC CAMHHLOGFDZBBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012454 non-polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/02—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of crystals, e.g. rock-salt, semi-conductors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G35/00—Compounds of tantalum
- C01G35/006—Compounds containing, besides tantalum, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/495—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on vanadium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum or tungsten oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides, e.g. vanadates, niobates, tantalates, molybdates or tungstates
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/6261—Milling
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
- C04B35/645—Pressure sintering
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
- C04B35/645—Pressure sintering
- C04B35/6455—Hot isostatic pressing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3206—Magnesium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
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- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3208—Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. lime
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
- C04B2235/3227—Lanthanum oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
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- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3251—Niobium oxides, niobates, tantalum oxides, tantalates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/44—Metal salt constituents or additives chosen for the nature of the anions, e.g. hydrides or acetylacetonate
- C04B2235/442—Carbonates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
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- C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
- C04B2235/5427—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof millimeter or submillimeter sized, i.e. larger than 0,1 mm
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/602—Making the green bodies or pre-forms by moulding
- C04B2235/6021—Extrusion moulding
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composition for optical members and an optical member.
- PTL 1 Japanese Translation Patent Publication No. 2004-501856 discloses a microwave dielectric compound that is made of ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3 , ZnO, or Ta 2 0 5 and has the pyrochlore structure.
- the microwave dielectric compound disclosed in PTL 1 is also considered to be yellow and probably has low transmittance as an optical member for use in lenses at the wavelength bands used.
- the present invention provides a colorless composition for optical members that contains La and 0 and a transparent optical member.
- a composition for optical members according to the present invention contains La and 0 and further contains at least one element selected from the group A consisting of Ca, Mg, Ba, Sr, and Zn, and at least one element selected from the group B consisting of Ta and Nb, wherein the sum total of La, 0, at least one element selected from the group A, and at least one element selected from the group B is 99% by mole or more while the sum total of the elements of the composition is 100% by mole.
- a composition for optical members according to one aspect of the present invention contains La and 0 and is colorless. Thus, optical members made of this composition will be transparent. Lenses made of an optical member according to one aspect of the present invention will have high transmittance at the wavelength band used.
- Figure 1 is a table of the results of examples and comparative examples according to the present invention.
- a first embodiment describes a composition for optical members.
- a composition for optical members according to the present embodiment contains La and 0 and further contains at least one element selected from the group A consisting of Ca, Mg, Ba, Sr, and Zn and at least one element selected from the group B consisting of Ta and Nb, wherein the sum total of La, 0, at least one element selected from the group A, and at least one element selected from the group B is 99% by mole or more while the sum total of the elements of the composition is 100% by mole.
- a composition for optical members according to the present embodiment contains the elements described above and is colorless (white) .
- An optical member made of such a white composition will also be colorless and transparent.
- lenses made of an optical member that is made of a composition for optical members according to one aspect of the present invention will have high transmittance at a wavelength band used.
- At least one element selected from the group A includes Ca and Mg
- at least one element selected from the group B is Ta
- the sum total of La, Ca, Mg, and Ta is 100% by mole
- La is 24.7% by mole or more and 30.6% by mole or less
- Ca is 19.8% by mole or more and 25.5% by mole or less
- Mg is 8.1% by mole or more and 10.1% by mole or less
- Ta is 39.2% by mole or more and 42.1% by mole or less.
- At least one element selected from the group A includes Ca and Mg
- at least one element selected from the group B is Ta
- the sum total of La, Ca, Mg, and Ta is 100% by mole
- La is 25.0% by mole or more and 30.0% by mole or less
- Ca is 20.0% by mole or more and 25.0% by mole or less
- Mg is 8.3% by mole or more and 10.0% by mole or less
- Ta is 40.0% by mole or more and 41.7% by mole or less.
- a composition for optical members according to the present embodiment may have the following formula (1):
- a composition for optical members according to the present embodiment may have the following formula (2):
- composition for optical members according to the present embodiment having the formula (2) has a cubic pyrochlore structure and yields a transparent optical member.
- At least one element selected from the group A is Mg, at least one
- element selected from the group B is Ta, the sum total of La, Mg, and Ta is 100% by mole, and La is 32.2% by mole or more and 35.7% by mole or less, Mg is 26.7% by mole or more and 28.4% by mole or less, and Ta is 37.5% by mole or more and 39.6% by mole or less.
- At least one element selected from the group A is Mg
- at least one element selected from the group B is Ta
- the sum total of La, Mg, and Ta is 100% by mole
- La is 32.5% by mole or more and 35.0% by mole or less
- Mg is 26.7% by mole or more and 28.3% by mole or less
- Ta is 38.3% by mole or more and 39.2% by mole or less.
- a composition for optical members according to the present embodiment may have the following formula (3) :
- a composition for optical members according to the present embodiment may have the following formula (4):
- the formula (4) corresponds to the formula (3) in which t and u are 0.
- composition for optical members according to the present embodiment having the formula (4) has a cubic pyrochlore structure and yields a transparent optical member.
- composition for optical members according to the present embodiment having the formula (3) or (4) has a cubic pyrochlore structure and yields a transparent optical member.
- the sum total of the elements of a composition for optical members according to the present embodiment is 100% by mole
- the sum total of La, 0, at least one element selected from the group A, and at least one element selected from the group B is 99% by mole or more.
- the composition may contain 1% by mole or less of impurities.
- the impurity content may be 0.1% by mole or less.
- the impurities include metal oxides, such as Si oxide, Fe oxide, B oxide, W oxide, Bi oxide, Co oxide, Cu oxide, Y oxide, and Al oxide .
- the component ratio of a composition for optical members may be determined with an inductively coupled plasma (hereinafter referred to as ICP) spectrometer.
- ICP inductively coupled plasma
- the ICP spectrometer may be CIROS CCD
- crystal structure of a composition for optical members is a cubic pyrochlore structure or not is determined as described below.
- the crystal structure is determined with an X-ray
- an X-ray diffraction pattern is obtained by measuring the diffraction intensity (counts) at 2 ⁇ in the range of 10° to 80° with the X-ray diffractometer .
- Several refinement cycles of the lattice constant are performed by the least squares method with X-ray powder diffraction analysis software JADE (available from Rigaku Corp.) using the lattice constant of the chosen data as the initial value.
- Dispersion Liquid that Contains Composition for Optical
- a dispersion liquid that contains a composition for optical members according to the present embodiment and an organic monomer will be described below.
- Such a dispersion liquid can be prepared by the addition of the organic
- a bead mill method which is a wet dispersion method, may be used for dispersion.
- the organic monomer may be a thermoplastic resin, such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) , polystyrene
- PS poly(vinyl acetate), Teflon (registered trademark), ABS resin, AS resin, acrylic resin (PM A), polyamide,
- polyacetal polycarbonate (PC), poly (ethylene terephthalate)
- PET cyclic polyolefin
- COP cyclic polyolefin
- PI polyimide
- thermosetting resin such as phenolic resin, epoxy resin, or polyimide (PI).
- a hydrocarbon monomer or an alicyclic monomer is advantageously less hygroscopic and advantageously has a smaller coefficient of linear expansion than other monomers.
- the dispersion liquid may be irradiated with light or heated to polymerize the organic monomer, preparing a composite material that contains the composition for optical members according to the present embodiment in a polymer of the organic monomer.
- the coefficient of linear expansion of the composition for optical members according to the present embodiment is smaller than the coefficient of linear expansion of the polymer of the organic monomer alone.
- the coefficient of linear expansion of the composite material is smaller than the coefficient of linear expansion of the polymer of the organic monomer.
- composition for optical members according to the present embodiment may be used as an additive for decreasing the coefficient of linear expansion.
- a second embodiment describes an optical member.
- embodiment has an Abbe number of 25 or more, a refractive index of 1.75 or more, and a transmittance of 20% or more and is made of the composition for optical members according to the first embodiment.
- composition for optical members and is transparent.
- optical elements, such as lenses, made of the optical member according to the present embodiment will have sufficient transmittance at a wavelength band used.
- At least one element selected from the group A includes Ca and Mg, at least one element
- the optical member according to the present embodiment may have the formula (1) or (2) .
- At least one element selected from the group A is Mg
- at least one element selected from the group B is Ta
- the sum total of La, Mg, and Ta is 100% by mole
- La is 32.5% by mole or more and 35.0% by mole or less
- Mg is 26.7% by mole or more and 28.3% by mole or less
- Ta is 38.3% by mole or more and 39.2% by mole or less.
- embodiment may have the formula (3) or (4) .
- embodiment may have an Abbe number (vd) and a refractive index (nd) that satisfy the following formulae (5) and (6) .
- embodiment preferably has a transmittance of 60% or more, more preferably 80% or more.
- the sum total of La, 0, at least one element selected from the group A, and at least one element selected from the group B is 99% by mole or more while the sum total of the elements of the optical member according to the present embodiment is 100% by mole.
- the member according to the present embodiment may contain 1% by mole or less, preferably 0.1% by mole or less, of impurities.
- impurities include metal oxides, such as Si oxide, Fe oxide, B oxide, W oxide, Bi oxide, Co oxide, Cu oxide, Y oxide, and Al oxide.
- the impurities also include a binder and a sintering aid.
- the embodiment facilitates the binding of the components of the composition for optical members according to the present embodiment when the composition for optical members is baked.
- the binder in the present embodiment include poly (vinyl alcohol), poly (vinyl acetal) , ethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, poly(vinyl butyral) , polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, paraffin wax, liquid
- paraffin microcrystalline wax, oxidized wax, maleated wax, stearic acid, oleic acid, butyl stearate, ethyl stearate, methyl stearate, microcrystalline wax, poly (vinyl butyral), polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene, diethyl phthalate, and polyacetal.
- a sintering aid in the present embodiment is added to decrease the baking time or the baking temperature in the production of the composition for optical members according to the present embodiment or the optical member according to the present embodiment.
- the addition of an appropriate sintering aid to the optical member according to the present embodiment increases the hardness and transmittance of the optical member.
- the sintering aid in the present embodiment include MgO, Y2O3, AI 2 O 3 , and S1O 2 .
- the refractive index in the present embodiment can be measured by a V- block method.
- the refractive index in the present embodiment can be measured by a V- block method.
- embodiment is the refractive index (nd) of d-line (587.6 nm) measured with a Kalnew precision refractometer KPR-2000
- the transmittance of the optical member according to the present embodiment is a linear transmittance measured with an ultraviolet-visible near-infrared spectrophotometer
- the transmittance of the optical member according to the present embodiment is measured by
- the component ratio of the optical member may be determined with an ICP
- the ICP spectrometer may be CIROS CCD
- the crystal structure of the optical member may be determined with an X-ray
- the applications of the optical member according to the present embodiment include, but are not limited to, optical elements, such as lenses.
- the optical member according to the present embodiment may also be used in scintillators and cover glasses of clock faces.
- a third embodiment describes a lens.
- a lens according to the present embodiment has an anti-reflection film on a polished surface of the optical member according to the second embodiment.
- the term "lens”, as used herein, refers to an optical element for refracting incident light to diverge or converge the light in an intended direction. Examples of the lens include concave lenses, convex lenses, spherical lenses, aspheric lenses, diffractive optical elements (DOE) , and gradient index
- GRIN GRIN lenses. These lenses can be used in film cameras, digital cameras (DSC) , video cameras (VD) , mobile phone cameras, surveillance cameras, TV cameras, movie cameras, and projectors.
- DSC digital cameras
- VD video cameras
- mobile phone cameras surveillance cameras
- TV cameras TV cameras
- movie cameras and projectors.
- the anti-reflection film is not particularly limited.
- An intermediate layer may be disposed between the anti-reflection film and the lens.
- the intermediate layer is not particularly limited and may have a refractive index between the refractive index of the lens and the refractive index of the anti-reflection film.
- optical properties such as refractive index, Abbe number, and transmittance, of the lens are measured, for example, at a depth of 2 ⁇ or more from a surface of the lens .
- a fourth embodiment describes a method for manufacturing an optical member.
- a method for manufacturing an optical member according to the present embodiment includes a process of applying a pressure to the composition for optical members according to the first embodiment to produce a formed product (process 1) and a process of baking the formed product to produce an optical member (process 2).
- composition for optical members according to the present embodiment will be described below.
- a raw powder having an average particle size of 50 ⁇ or less and a purity of 99% by weight or more is ground and mixed in a mortar for 30 minutes.
- the phrase "La 2 0 3 raw powder having a purity of 99% by weight or more” means that the amount of La 2 0 3 is 99 weight or more per 100 weight of the raw powder. The same applies hereinafter.
- the mixed powder is charged in an alumina crucible, which is then placed in an electric furnace. The electric furnace is placed in the atmosphere. The internal
- temperature of the electric furnace is increased from room temperature to 1600°C over two hours and is maintained at 1600°C for three hours to bake the mixed powder.
- the baking temperature (1600°C in the above case)
- the time during which the mixed powder is baked is hereinafter referred to as the baking time (three hours in the above case) .
- the internal temperature of the furnace is then naturally-cooled to room temperature to yield a calcined product, which is a composition for optical members .
- the composition for optical members according to the present embodiment can be prepared by the solid phase reaction described above.
- the composition for optical members according to the present embodiment can also be prepared by a flame method, a gas phase reaction by a RF plasma method or an arc discharge plasma method, a normal- pressure liquid phase reaction in an aqueous solution or an organic solvent, a high-pressure liquid phase reaction by hydrothermal synthesis or a solvothermal method, a
- the raw powder may be made of a metal oxide, such as La oxide, Ca oxide, Mg oxide, or Ta oxide, a metal carbonate, such as calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate, or a metal hydroxide.
- the average particle size of the raw powder may be 50 ⁇ or less. A raw powder having an average particle size of more than 50 ⁇ probably has low reactivity in the solid phase reaction.
- the purity of the raw powder may be 99% by weight or more.
- the raw powder having a purity of 99% by weight or more is resistant to coloring by impurities.
- a grinding and mixing method in the present embodiment may be a dry dispersion method without using a solvent or a wet dispersion method using a solvent.
- the wet dispersion method may be a ball mill method, which uses a solvent and a ball mill.
- the solvent used in the wet dispersion method may be water or an organic solvent.
- the beads used in the ball mill may be made of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) .
- the beads preferably has a diameter of 30 ⁇ or more and 25 mm or less, more preferably 300 ⁇ or more and 15 mm or less.
- the baking temperature is preferably 1000°C or more and 1800°C or less, more preferably 1200°C or more and 1700°C or less.
- the crystals of the raw powder can grow well at a baking temperature of 1000°C or more.
- material of an electric furnace is durable at a baking temperature of 1800°C or less.
- the baking time is preferably 0.5 hours or more and 24 hours or less, more preferably 1 hour or more and 10 hours or less.
- a baking time of 0.5 hours or more can result in high crystal growth.
- a baking time of 24 hours or less can result in low manufacturing costs.
- the process 1 involves applying a pressure to the composition for optical members to produce a formed product.
- the pressure may be applied by uniaxial pressure forming, cold isostatic pressing (CIP) , injection molding, sheet forming, extrusion molding, or casting.
- the pressure may be 1000 kg/cm 2 or more and 3000 kg/cm 2 or less .
- the process 2 involves baking the formed product of the process 1 to produce an optical member.
- the baking temperature and the baking time are described above in
- the baking may be performed by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) , spark plasma sintering (SPS) , vacuum sintering, hot pressing, or sintering in a high-oxygen atmosphere.
- HIP hot isostatic pressing
- SPS spark plasma sintering
- vacuum sintering vacuum sintering
- hot pressing hot pressing
- sintering in a high-oxygen atmosphere.
- the method for manufacturing an optical member according to the present embodiment may include a process other than the processes 1 and 2.
- the method for manufacturing an optical member according to the present embodiment may include a mixing process of mixing a
- the binder can prevent the aggregation of the composition for optical members.
- the binder may be the binder described in the first embodiment.
- the mixing method may be the method described above in Grinding and Mixing Method.
- the addition of the binder may be followed by a process of evaporating the solvent by heat treatment or spray-drying .
- the process 1 may be preceded by a process of passing the composition for optical members through a sieve of 1 mesh or more and 750 mesh or less to make the particle size uniform.
- the average size of particles that pass through the sieve may be 1 ⁇ or more and 500 ⁇ or less.
- refinement cycles of the lattice constant were performed by the least squares method to determine the lattice constant that corresponds to the X-ray diffraction pattern measured.
- a diffraction peak at 2 ⁇ in the range of 29.3° to 29.5° was identified as a peak assigned to a (222) plane.
- the calculated density was determined with X-ray powder diffraction analysis software JADE (available from Rigaku Corp.). The volume of a composition for optical members was calculated from the space group and the refined lattice constant. The calculated density was determined from the molecular weight of the composition for optical members and the calculated volume.
- the maximum diffraction intensity of a diffraction peak at 2 ⁇ of 29.34° assigned to a (222) plane was 18889 counts.
- the crystallite diameter of the (222) plane was estimated to be 55.1 nm by the formula (7).
- the refinement of lattice constant with X-ray powder diffraction analysis software JADE yielded a lattice constant a of 10.528 angstroms and a calculated density of 6.945 g/cm 3 .
- the X- ray diffraction pattern of the white powder was determined.
- the maximum diffraction intensity of a diffraction peak at 2 ⁇ of 29.38° assigned to a (222) plane was 21896 counts.
- the crystallite diameter of the (222) plane was estimated to be 56.7 nm by the formula (7).
- the refinement of lattice constant with X-ray powder diffraction analysis software JADE yielded a lattice constant a of 10.511 angstroms and a calculated density of 6.871 g/cm 3 .
- the temperature of the electric furnace was increased from room temperature to 1600°C over two hours and was maintained at 1600°C for three hours to bake the mixed powder. After heating, the mixed powder was naturally cooled to room temperature.
- the composition for optical members thus prepared was colorless (white) .
- 7.5 mmol of lanthanum oxide (La 2 0 3 ) , 5 mmol of calcium carbonate (CaC0 3 ) , 5 mmol of magnesium carbonate (MgC0 3 ) , and 7.5 mmol tantalum oxide (Ta 2 0 5 ) were mixed in an agate mortar for 30 minutes. 1 g of the mixed powder was charged in an alumina crucible, which was then placed in an electric furnace. The electric furnace was placed in the atmosphere. The internal temperature of the electric furnace was increased from room temperature to 1600°C over two hours and was maintained at 1600°C for three hours to bake the mixed powder. After heating, the mixed powder was naturally cooled to room temperature. The composition for optical members thus prepared was colorless (white) .
- the X- ray diffraction pattern of the white powder was determined.
- the X- ray diffraction pattern of the white powder was determined.
- the composition for optical members thus prepared was colorless (white) .
- the X-ray diffraction pattern of the white powder was determined.
- the temperature of the electric furnace was increased from room temperature to 1600°C over two hours and was maintained at 1600°C for three hours to bake the mixed powder. After heating, the mixed powder was naturally cooled to room temperature. After cooling, the resulting composition for optical members was colorless (white) .
- the temperature of the electric furnace was increased from room temperature to 1600°C over two hours and was maintained at 1600°C for three hours to bake the mixed powder. After heating, the mixed powder was naturally cooled to room temperature.
- the composition for optical members thus prepared was colorless (white) .
- the X-ray diffraction pattern of the white powder was determined.
- the X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by actual measurement included a peak that was not present in the calculated X-ray
- Figure 1 summarizes the results of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 11.
- a circle denotes that the composition for optical members had the cubic pyrochlore structure
- a cross denotes that the composition for optical members did not have the cubic pyrochlore structure.
- X in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 denotes X of the formula (2)
- Examples 3 and 4 and Comparative Examples 9 to 11 denotes X of the formula (4) .
- the maximum diffraction intensity 1) is a measured X-ray diffraction peak intensity at 2 ⁇ in the range of 29.3° to 29.5° assigned to the (222) plane of the cubic pyrochlore structure.
- the crystallite diameter was calculated with X- ray powder diffraction analysis software JADE (available from Rigaku Corp.).
- Figure 1 shows that the compositions for optical members according to the examples had the cubic pyrochlore structure.
- the component ratios between the highest component ratio and the lowest component ratio will also provide the cubic pyrochlore structure.
- Examples 1 and 2 show that when La is 30.0% by mole, Ca is 20.0% by mole, Mg is 10.0% by mole, and Ta is 40.0% by mole, or when La is 25.0, Ca is 25.0% by mole, Mg is 8.3% by mole, and Ta is 41.7% by mole, the composition for optical members had the cubic pyrochlore structure.
- the composition for optical members will also have the cubic pyrochlore structure.
- At least one element selected from the group A includes Ca and Mg
- at least one element selected from the group B is Ta
- the sum total of La, Ca, Mg, and Ta is 100% by mole
- La is 24.7% by mole or more and 30.6% by mole or less
- Ca is 19.8% by mole or more and 25.5% by mole or less
- Mg is 8.1% by mole or more and 10.1% by mole or less
- Ta is 39.2% by mole or more and 42.1% by mole or less.
Abstract
There are provided a colorless composition for optical members that contains La and O and a transparent optical member. A composition for optical members that contains La and O, the composition and further contains at least one element selected from the group A consisting of Ca, Mg, Ba, Sr, and Zn and at least one element selected from the group B consisting of Ta and Nb, wherein the sum total of La, O, at least one element selected from the group A, and at least one element selected from the group B is 99% by mole or more while the sum total of the elements of the composition is 100% by mole.
Description
DESCRIPTION
COMPOSITION FOR OPTICAL MEMBERS AND OPTICAL MEMBER
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to a composition for optical members and an optical member.
Background Art
[0002] It is known that some optical members made of inorganic materials other than glass have a pyrochlore structure. PCT Japanese Translation Patent Publication No. 2004-501856 (hereinafter referred to as PTL 1) discloses a microwave dielectric compound that is made of ΒΪ2θ3, ZnO, or Ta205 and has the pyrochlore structure.
[0003] However, since Bi203 is yellow, the microwave dielectric compound disclosed in PTL 1 is also considered to be yellow and probably has low transmittance as an optical member for use in lenses at the wavelength bands used.
Citation List
Patent Literature
[0004] PTL 1 PCT Japanese Translation Patent Publication No: 2004-501856
Summary of Invention
Technical Problem
[0005] The present invention provides a colorless
composition for optical members that contains La and 0 and a transparent optical member.
Solution to Problem
[0006] A composition for optical members according to the present invention contains La and 0 and further contains at least one element selected from the group A consisting of Ca, Mg, Ba, Sr, and Zn, and at least one element selected from the group B consisting of Ta and Nb, wherein the sum total of La, 0, at least one element selected from the group A, and at least one element selected from the group B is 99% by mole or more while the sum total of the elements of the composition is 100% by mole. A composition for optical members according to one aspect of the present invention contains La and 0 and is colorless. Thus, optical members made of this composition will be transparent. Lenses made of an optical member according to one aspect of the present invention will have high transmittance at the wavelength band used.
[0007] Further features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
Brief Description of Drawings
[0008] Figure 1 is a table of the results of examples and comparative examples according to the present invention.
Description of Embodiments
[0009] Although the embodiments of the present invention are described below, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
First Embodiment
[0010] A first embodiment describes a composition for optical members.
[0011] A composition for optical members according to the present embodiment contains La and 0 and further contains at least one element selected from the group A consisting of Ca, Mg, Ba, Sr, and Zn and at least one element selected from the group B consisting of Ta and Nb, wherein the sum total of La, 0, at least one element selected from the group A, and at least one element selected from the group B is 99% by mole or more while the sum total of the elements of the composition is 100% by mole.
[0012] A composition for optical members according to the present embodiment contains the elements described above and is colorless (white) . An optical member made of such a white composition will also be colorless and transparent.
Thus, lenses made of an optical member that is made of a composition for optical members according to one aspect of the present invention will have high transmittance at a wavelength band used.
[0013] In one example of a composition for optical members according to the present embodiment, at least one element
selected from the group A includes Ca and Mg, at least one element selected from the group B is Ta, the sum total of La, Ca, Mg, and Ta is 100% by mole, and La is 24.7% by mole or more and 30.6% by mole or less, Ca is 19.8% by mole or more and 25.5% by mole or less, Mg is 8.1% by mole or more and 10.1% by mole or less, and Ta is 39.2% by mole or more and 42.1% by mole or less.
[0014] In another example of a composition for optical members according to the present embodiment, at least one element selected from the group A includes Ca and Mg, at least one element selected from the group B is Ta, the sum total of La, Ca, Mg, and Ta is 100% by mole, and La is 25.0% by mole or more and 30.0% by mole or less, Ca is 20.0% by mole or more and 25.0% by mole or less, Mg is 8.3% by mole or more and 10.0% by mole or less, and Ta is 40.0% by mole or more and 41.7% by mole or less.
[0015] A composition for optical members according to the present embodiment may have the following formula (1):
(Lai-.xCax) 2+t (Mg( (i-x) /3>Ta ( (2+x> /3> ) 207+u ( 1 )
wherein X is 0.40 < X < 0.50, t is -0.04 < t < 0.08, and u is -0.05 < u < 0.10.
[0016] A composition for optical members according to the present embodiment may have the following formula (2):
(Lai-xCax) 2 (Mg( (i-X) /3)Ta ( (2+X) /3) ) 207 (2)
wherein X is 0.40 < X < 0.50.
[0017] The formula (2) corresponds to the formula (1) in which t and u are 0.
[0018] As described below in examples, a composition for optical members according to the present embodiment having the formula (2) has a cubic pyrochlore structure and yields a transparent optical member.
[0019] In another example of a composition for optical members according to the present embodiment, at least one element selected from the group A is Mg, at least one
element selected from the group B is Ta, the sum total of La, Mg, and Ta is 100% by mole, and La is 32.2% by mole or more and 35.7% by mole or less, Mg is 26.7% by mole or more and 28.4% by mole or less, and Ta is 37.5% by mole or more and 39.6% by mole or less.
[0020] In another suitable example of a composition for optical members according to the present embodiment, at least one element selected from the group A is Mg, at least one element selected from the group B is Ta, the sum total of La, Mg, and Ta is 100% by mole, and La is 32.5% by mole or more and 35.0% by mole or less, Mg is 26.7% by mole or more and 28.3% by mole or less, and Ta is 38.3% by mole or more and 39.2% by mole or less.
[0021] A composition for optical members according to the present embodiment may have the following formula (3) :
(Lai-xMgx) 2+t (Mg( (i_x, 3)Ta < (2+x) /3) ) 207+u (3)
wherein X is 0.30 < X < 0.35, t is -0.04 < t < 0.08, and u is -0.05 < u < 0.10.
[0022 ] A composition for optical members according to the present embodiment may have the following formula (4):
( Lai-x gx) 2 (Mg( (i-x) /3) Ta < (2+X) /3> ) ιΟΊ (4)
wherein X is 0.30 < X < 0.35.
[0023] The formula (4) corresponds to the formula (3) in which t and u are 0.
[0024] As described below in examples, a composition for optical members according to the present embodiment having the formula (4) has a cubic pyrochlore structure and yields a transparent optical member.
[0025] As described below in examples, a composition for optical members according to the present embodiment having the formula (3) or (4) has a cubic pyrochlore structure and yields a transparent optical member.
Impurities in Composition for Optical Members
[0026] When the sum total of the elements of a composition for optical members according to the present embodiment is 100% by mole, the sum total of La, 0, at least one element selected from the group A, and at least one element selected from the group B is 99% by mole or more. The composition may contain 1% by mole or less of impurities. The impurity content may be 0.1% by mole or less. Examples of the impurities include metal oxides, such as Si oxide, Fe oxide,
B oxide, W oxide, Bi oxide, Co oxide, Cu oxide, Y oxide, and Al oxide .
Method for Determining Component Ratio of Composition for Optical Members
[0027] In the present embodiment, the component ratio of a composition for optical members may be determined with an inductively coupled plasma (hereinafter referred to as ICP) spectrometer. The ICP spectrometer may be CIROS CCD
(manufactured by Rigaku Corp.).
Method for Determining Crystal Structure
[0028] In the present embodiment, whether the crystal structure of a composition for optical members is a cubic pyrochlore structure or not is determined as described below. The crystal structure is determined with an X-ray
diffractometer RINT 2100 (manufactured by Rigaku Corp.) at an X-ray tube voltage of 40 kV and an X-ray tube current of 40 mA.
[0029] First, an X-ray diffraction pattern is obtained by measuring the diffraction intensity (counts) at 2Θ in the range of 10° to 80° with the X-ray diffractometer .
[0030] Next, an X-ray diffraction pattern having a cubic pyrochlore structure (space group Fd-3m, #227, Z = 8) that is close to the X-ray diffraction pattern measured is chosen from the PDF database. Several refinement cycles of the lattice constant are performed by the least squares method
with X-ray powder diffraction analysis software JADE (available from Rigaku Corp.) using the lattice constant of the chosen data as the initial value.
[0031] Next, the X-ray diffraction pattern is calculated with Mercury (manufactured by Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, the United Kingdom) from the space group (Fd-3m, #227, Z = 8), the refined lattice constant, the site
occupancies, and yckoff positions.
[0032] Next, the calculated X-ray diffraction pattern of the cubic pyrochlore structure (space group Fd-3m, #227, Z = 8) is compared with the X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by actual measurement. Agreement between the peak positions indicates that the metal oxide has the cubic pyrochlore structure. Disagreement between the peak positions or the presence of a peak not included in the calculated X-ray diffraction pattern of the cubic pyrochlore structure
indicates that the crystal structure of the metal oxide is not the cubic pyrochlore structure.
Dispersion Liquid that Contains Composition for Optical
Members and Organic Monomer
[0033] A dispersion liquid that contains a composition for optical members according to the present embodiment and an organic monomer will be described below. Such a dispersion liquid can be prepared by the addition of the organic
monomer and the composition for optical members according to
the present embodiment to a polar solvent or a nonpolar solvent. A bead mill method, which is a wet dispersion method, may be used for dispersion.
[0034] The organic monomer may be a thermoplastic resin, such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) , polystyrene
(PS), poly(vinyl acetate), Teflon (registered trademark), ABS resin, AS resin, acrylic resin (PM A), polyamide,
polyacetal, polycarbonate (PC), poly (ethylene terephthalate)
(PET), cyclic polyolefin (COP), or polyimide (PI), or a thermosetting resin, such as phenolic resin, epoxy resin, or polyimide (PI). In general, a hydrocarbon monomer or an alicyclic monomer is advantageously less hygroscopic and advantageously has a smaller coefficient of linear expansion than other monomers.
Composite Material that Contains Composition for Optical Members and Organic Polymer
[0035] The dispersion liquid may be irradiated with light or heated to polymerize the organic monomer, preparing a composite material that contains the composition for optical members according to the present embodiment in a polymer of the organic monomer. In general, the coefficient of linear expansion of the composition for optical members according to the present embodiment is smaller than the coefficient of linear expansion of the polymer of the organic monomer alone. Thus, the coefficient of linear expansion of the composite
material is smaller than the coefficient of linear expansion of the polymer of the organic monomer. Thus, the
composition for optical members according to the present embodiment may be used as an additive for decreasing the coefficient of linear expansion.
Second Embodiment
[0036] A second embodiment describes an optical member.
[0037] An optical member according to the present
embodiment has an Abbe number of 25 or more, a refractive index of 1.75 or more, and a transmittance of 20% or more and is made of the composition for optical members according to the first embodiment.
[0038] The optical member according to the present
embodiment is made of the elements that constitute a
composition for optical members and is transparent. Thus, optical elements, such as lenses, made of the optical member according to the present embodiment will have sufficient transmittance at a wavelength band used.
[0039] In one example of an optical member according to the present embodiment, at least one element selected from the group A includes Ca and Mg, at least one element
selected from the group B is Ta, the sum total of La, Ca, Mg, and Ta is 100% by mole, and La is 25.0% by mole or more and 30.0% by mole or less, Ca is 20.0% by mole or more and 25.0% by mole or less, Mg is 8.3% by mole or more and 10.0% by
mole or less, and Ta is 40.0% by mole or more and 41.7% by mole or less. The optical member according to the present embodiment may have the formula (1) or (2) .
[0040] In another example of an optical member according to the present embodiment, at least one element selected from the group A is Mg, at least one element selected from the group B is Ta, the sum total of La, Mg, and Ta is 100% by mole, and La is 32.5% by mole or more and 35.0% by mole or less, Mg is 26.7% by mole or more and 28.3% by mole or less, and Ta is 38.3% by mole or more and 39.2% by mole or less. The optical member according to the present
embodiment may have the formula (3) or (4) .
[0041] The optical member according to the present
embodiment may have an Abbe number (vd) and a refractive index (nd) that satisfy the following formulae (5) and (6) .
2.20 > nd > -O.Olvd + 2.25 (30 < vd < 55) (5)
2.20 > nd > 1.70 (55 < vd < 100) (6)
[0042] Although the upper limit of the Abbe number (vd) is 100 and the upper limit of the refractive index (nd) is 2.20, future discovery of an appropriate composition or an
appropriate additive may increase the upper limits.
[0043] The optical member according to the present
embodiment preferably has a transmittance of 60% or more, more preferably 80% or more.
Impurities in Optical Member
[0044] In the optical member according to the present embodiment, the sum total of La, 0, at least one element selected from the group A, and at least one element selected from the group B is 99% by mole or more while the sum total of the elements of the optical member according to the present embodiment is 100% by mole. Thus, the optical
member according to the present embodiment may contain 1% by mole or less, preferably 0.1% by mole or less, of impurities. Examples of the impurities include metal oxides, such as Si oxide, Fe oxide, B oxide, W oxide, Bi oxide, Co oxide, Cu oxide, Y oxide, and Al oxide. Examples of the impurities also include a binder and a sintering aid.
Binder
[0045] As described below, a binder in the present
embodiment facilitates the binding of the components of the composition for optical members according to the present embodiment when the composition for optical members is baked. Examples of the binder in the present embodiment include poly (vinyl alcohol), poly (vinyl acetal) , ethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, poly(vinyl butyral) , polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, paraffin wax, liquid
paraffin, microcrystalline wax, oxidized wax, maleated wax, stearic acid, oleic acid, butyl stearate, ethyl stearate, methyl stearate, microcrystalline wax, poly (vinyl butyral), polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene, diethyl phthalate,
and polyacetal.
Sintering Aid
[0046] A sintering aid in the present embodiment is added to decrease the baking time or the baking temperature in the production of the composition for optical members according to the present embodiment or the optical member according to the present embodiment. The addition of an appropriate sintering aid to the optical member according to the present embodiment increases the hardness and transmittance of the optical member. Examples of the sintering aid in the present embodiment include MgO, Y2O3, AI2O3, and S1O2.
Method for Measuring Refractive Index and Abbe Number
[0047] The refractive index of the optical member
according to the present embodiment can be measured by a V- block method. The refractive index in the present
embodiment is the refractive index (nd) of d-line (587.6 nm) measured with a Kalnew precision refractometer KPR-2000
(manufactured by Shimadzu Device Corp.).
[0048] The Abbe number (vd) can be calculated by the equation of vd = (nd - l)/(nF - nC) wherein the refractive index (nd) of d-line (587.6 nm) , the refractive index (nF) of F-line (486.1 nm) , and the refractive index (nC) of C- line (656.3 nm) are measured with the apparatus for
measuring the refractive index described above.
Method for Measuring Transmittance
[0049] The transmittance of the optical member according to the present embodiment is a linear transmittance measured with an ultraviolet-visible near-infrared spectrophotometer
(UV-3600, Shimadzu Corp., wavelength range: 185 to 3300 nm) . More specifically, the transmittance of the optical member according to the present embodiment is measured by
irradiating the optical member having a thickness of 1 mm with light having a wavelength of 400 nm.
Method for Determining Component Ratio of Optical Member
[0050] In the present embodiment, the component ratio of the optical member may be determined with an ICP
spectrometer in the same manner as in the method for
determining the component ratio of a composition for optical members. The ICP spectrometer may be CIROS CCD
(manufactured by Rigaku Corp.).
Method for Determining Crystal Structure of Optical Member
[0051] In the present embodiment, the crystal structure of the optical member may be determined with an X-ray
diffractometer RINT 2100 (manufactured by Rigaku Corp.) at an X-ray tube voltage of 40 kV and an X-ray tube current of 40 mA in the same manner as in the method for determining the component ratio of a composition for optical members. An X-ray diffraction pattern is obtained by measuring the diffraction intensity (counts) at 2Θ in the range of 10° to 80° with the X-ray diffractometer .
Applications
[0052] The applications of the optical member according to the present embodiment include, but are not limited to, optical elements, such as lenses. The optical member according to the present embodiment may also be used in scintillators and cover glasses of clock faces.
Third Embodiment
[0053] A third embodiment describes a lens.
Lens
[0054] A lens according to the present embodiment has an anti-reflection film on a polished surface of the optical member according to the second embodiment. The term "lens", as used herein, refers to an optical element for refracting incident light to diverge or converge the light in an intended direction. Examples of the lens include concave lenses, convex lenses, spherical lenses, aspheric lenses, diffractive optical elements (DOE) , and gradient index
(GRIN) lenses. These lenses can be used in film cameras, digital cameras (DSC) , video cameras (VD) , mobile phone cameras, surveillance cameras, TV cameras, movie cameras, and projectors.
[0055] In the present embodiment, the anti-reflection film is not particularly limited. An intermediate layer may be disposed between the anti-reflection film and the lens. The intermediate layer is not particularly limited and may have
a refractive index between the refractive index of the lens and the refractive index of the anti-reflection film.
[0056] The optical properties, such as refractive index, Abbe number, and transmittance, of the lens are measured, for example, at a depth of 2 μπι or more from a surface of the lens .
Fourth Embodiment
[0057] A fourth embodiment describes a method for manufacturing an optical member.
[0058] A method for manufacturing an optical member according to the present embodiment includes a process of applying a pressure to the composition for optical members according to the first embodiment to produce a formed product (process 1) and a process of baking the formed product to produce an optical member (process 2).
Method for Manufacturing Composition for Optical Members
[0059] An example of a method for manufacturing a
composition for optical members according to the present embodiment will be described below.
[0060] A raw powder having an average particle size of 50 μπι or less and a purity of 99% by weight or more is ground and mixed in a mortar for 30 minutes. The phrase "La203 raw powder having a purity of 99% by weight or more" means that the amount of La203 is 99 weight or more per 100 weight of the raw powder. The same applies hereinafter.
[0061] The mixed powder is charged in an alumina crucible, which is then placed in an electric furnace. The electric furnace is placed in the atmosphere. The internal
temperature of the electric furnace is increased from room temperature to 1600°C over two hours and is maintained at 1600°C for three hours to bake the mixed powder. The
temperature at which the mixed powder is baked is
hereinafter referred to as the baking temperature (1600°C in the above case) . The time during which the mixed powder is baked is hereinafter referred to as the baking time (three hours in the above case) . The internal temperature of the furnace is then naturally-cooled to room temperature to yield a calcined product, which is a composition for optical members .
[0062] The composition for optical members according to the present embodiment can be prepared by the solid phase reaction described above. The composition for optical members according to the present embodiment can also be prepared by a flame method, a gas phase reaction by a RF plasma method or an arc discharge plasma method, a normal- pressure liquid phase reaction in an aqueous solution or an organic solvent, a high-pressure liquid phase reaction by hydrothermal synthesis or a solvothermal method, a
supercritical reaction, a liquid-phase plasma reaction, an ultrasonic wave reaction, or a microwave reaction, or using
a microreactor .
Raw Powder
[0063] The raw powder may be made of a metal oxide, such as La oxide, Ca oxide, Mg oxide, or Ta oxide, a metal carbonate, such as calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate, or a metal hydroxide. The average particle size of the raw powder may be 50 μιτι or less. A raw powder having an average particle size of more than 50 μιη probably has low reactivity in the solid phase reaction.
[0064] The purity of the raw powder may be 99% by weight or more. The raw powder having a purity of 99% by weight or more is resistant to coloring by impurities.
Grinding and Mixing Method
[0065] A grinding and mixing method in the present embodiment may be a dry dispersion method without using a solvent or a wet dispersion method using a solvent. The wet dispersion method may be a ball mill method, which uses a solvent and a ball mill. The solvent used in the wet dispersion method may be water or an organic solvent. The beads used in the ball mill may be made of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) . The beads preferably has a diameter of 30 μιη or more and 25 mm or less, more preferably 300 μπι or more and 15 mm or less.
Baking Temperature
[0066] The baking temperature is preferably 1000°C or more
and 1800°C or less, more preferably 1200°C or more and 1700°C or less. The crystals of the raw powder can grow well at a baking temperature of 1000°C or more. The refractory
material of an electric furnace is durable at a baking temperature of 1800°C or less.
Baking Time
[0067] The baking time is preferably 0.5 hours or more and 24 hours or less, more preferably 1 hour or more and 10 hours or less. A baking time of 0.5 hours or more can result in high crystal growth. A baking time of 24 hours or less can result in low manufacturing costs.
Process 1
[0068] The process 1 involves applying a pressure to the composition for optical members to produce a formed product. The pressure may be applied by uniaxial pressure forming, cold isostatic pressing (CIP) , injection molding, sheet forming, extrusion molding, or casting. In the process 1, the pressure may be 1000 kg/cm2 or more and 3000 kg/cm2 or less .
Process 2
[0069] The process 2 involves baking the formed product of the process 1 to produce an optical member. The baking temperature and the baking time are described above in
Baking Temperature and Baking Time. The baking may be performed by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) , spark plasma
sintering (SPS) , vacuum sintering, hot pressing, or sintering in a high-oxygen atmosphere.
Other Processes
[0070] The method for manufacturing an optical member according to the present embodiment may include a process other than the processes 1 and 2. For example, the method for manufacturing an optical member according to the present embodiment may include a mixing process of mixing a
composition for optical members and a binder before the process 1. The binder can prevent the aggregation of the composition for optical members. The binder may be the binder described in the first embodiment. The mixing method may be the method described above in Grinding and Mixing Method. The addition of the binder may be followed by a process of evaporating the solvent by heat treatment or spray-drying .
[0071] The process 1 may be preceded by a process of passing the composition for optical members through a sieve of 1 mesh or more and 750 mesh or less to make the particle size uniform. The average size of particles that pass through the sieve may be 1 μιπ or more and 500 μπι or less. EXAMPLES
[0072] Although the examples of the present invention are described below, the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Method for Determining Crystal Structure
[0073] In the example described below, the crystal structure of a composition for optical members was
determined with an X-ray diffractometer RINT 2100
(manufactured by Rigaku Corp., an X-ray tube voltage of 40 kV, an X-ray tube current of 40 mA) . The diffraction intensity (counts) was measured at 2Θ in the range of 10° to 80°.
Refinement of Lattice Constant
[0074] The lattice constant was refined with X-ray powder diffraction analysis software JADE (available from Rigaku Corp.)- An X-ray diffraction pattern having a cubic pyrochlore structure (space group Fd-3m, #227, Z = 8) that was close to the X-ray diffraction pattern measured was chosen from the PDF database. The lattice constant of the chosen data was used as the initial value. Several
refinement cycles of the lattice constant were performed by the least squares method to determine the lattice constant that corresponds to the X-ray diffraction pattern measured. A diffraction peak at 2Θ in the range of 29.3° to 29.5° was identified as a peak assigned to a (222) plane.
[0075] The X-ray diffraction pattern was calculated with Mercury (manufactured by Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, the United Kingdom) from the space group (Fd-3m, #227, Z = 8), the refined lattice constant, the site
occupancies, and Wyckoff positions.
[0076] The calculated X-ray diffraction pattern of the cubic pyrochlore structure (space group Fd-3m, #227, Z = 8) was compared with the X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by actual measurement. Agreement between the peak positions indicated that the composition for optical members had the cubic pyrochlore structure. Disagreement between the peak positions or the presence of a peak not included in the calculated X-ray diffraction pattern of the cubic pyrochlore structure indicated that the crystal structure of the metal oxide was not the cubic pyrochlore structure.
Determination of Calculated Density
[0077 ] The calculated density was determined with X-ray powder diffraction analysis software JADE (available from Rigaku Corp.). The volume of a composition for optical members was calculated from the space group and the refined lattice constant. The calculated density was determined from the molecular weight of the composition for optical members and the calculated volume.
Calculation of Crystallite Diameter
[0078] The crystallite diameter (D) was calculated with X- ray powder diffraction analysis software JADE (available from Rigaku Corp.). A diffraction peak at 2Θ in the range of 29.3° to 29 . 5° was assigned to a ( 222 ) plane. The half-width β ( 222 ) was calculated from the diffraction peak ( 2Θ = 29.3°
to 29.5°) measured. The crystallite diameter D(222) of the (222) plane was calculated from the half-width β(222) by the following Scherrer equation (formula (7)). A larger
diffraction intensity of the diffraction peak at 2Θ in the range of 29.3° to 29.5° and a larger crystallite diameter D(222) of the (222) plane indicated that the cubic pyrochlore had higher crystallinity.
D(222) = K X Cu-Kal/P(222)COS0 (7)
K = 0.9, λαι1-καΐ = 0.154056 nm, and β(222) is the half- width of a diffraction peak (2Θ = 29.3° to 29.5°).
Example 1
[0079] 6 mmol of lanthanum oxide (La203) , 8 mmol of calcium carbonate (CaC03) , 4 mmol of magnesium carbonate
(MgC03) , and 8 mmol tantalum oxide (Ta205) were mixed in an agate mortar for 30 minutes. 1 g of the mixed powder was charged in an alumina crucible, which was then placed in an electric furnace. The electric furnace was placed in the atmosphere. The internal temperature of the electric furnace was increased from room temperature to 1600°C over two hours and was maintained at 1600°C for three hours to bake the mixed powder. After heating, the mixed powder was naturally cooled to room temperature. The composition for optical members thus prepared was colorless (white) . The X- ray diffraction pattern of the white powder was determined. The X-ray diffraction pattern was identified as a cubic
pyrochlore structure (space group Fd-3m, #227, Z = 8) . The maximum diffraction intensity of a diffraction peak at 2Θ of 29.34° assigned to a (222) plane was 18889 counts. The crystallite diameter of the (222) plane was estimated to be 55.1 nm by the formula (7). The refinement of lattice constant with X-ray powder diffraction analysis software JADE yielded a lattice constant a of 10.528 angstroms and a calculated density of 6.945 g/cm3. The calculated X-ray diffraction pattern of the cubic pyrochlore structure (space group Fd-3m, #227, Z = 8) was compared with the X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by actual measurement. Their peak positions agreed with each other, indicating that the composition for optical members had the cubic pyrochlore structure .
Example 2
[0080] 4.5 mmol of lanthanum oxide (La203) , 9 mmol of calcium carbonate (CaC03) , 3 mmol of magnesium carbonate (MgC03) , and 7.5 mmol tantalum oxide (Ta2Os) were mixed in an agate mortar for 30 minutes. 1 g of the mixed powder was charged in an alumina crucible, which was then placed in an electric furnace. The electric furnace was placed in the atmosphere. The internal temperature of the electric furnace was increased from room temperature to 1600°C over two hours and was maintained at 1600°C for three hours to bake the mixed powder. After heating, the mixed powder was
naturally cooled to room temperature. The composition for optical members thus prepared was colorless (white) . The X- ray diffraction pattern of the white powder was determined. The X-ray diffraction pattern was identified as a cubic pyrochlore structure (space group Fd-3m, #227, Z = 8). The maximum diffraction intensity of a diffraction peak at 2Θ of 29.38° assigned to a (222) plane was 21896 counts. The crystallite diameter of the (222) plane was estimated to be 56.7 nm by the formula (7). The refinement of lattice constant with X-ray powder diffraction analysis software JADE yielded a lattice constant a of 10.511 angstroms and a calculated density of 6.871 g/cm3. The calculated X-ray diffraction pattern of the cubic pyrochlore structure (space group Fd-3m, #227, Z = 8) was compared with the X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by actual measurement. Their peak positions agreed with each other, indicating that the composition for optical members had the cubic pyrochlore structure .
Example 3
[0081] 5.25 mmol of lanthanum oxide (La203) , 8 mmol of magnesium carbonate ( gC03) , and 5.75 mmol of tantalum oxide
(Ta205) were mixed in an agate mortar for 30 minutes. 1 g of the mixed powder was charged in an alumina crucible, which was then placed in an electric furnace. The electric furnace was placed in the atmosphere. The internal
temperature of the electric furnace was increased from room temperature to 1600°C over two hours and was maintained at 1600°C for three hours to bake the mixed powder. After heating, the mixed powder was naturally cooled to room temperature. The composition for optical members thus
prepared was colorless (white) . The X-ray diffraction
pattern of the white powder was determined. The X-ray
diffraction pattern was identified as a cubic pyrochlore structure (space group Fd-3m, #227, Z = 8). The maximum diffraction intensity of a diffraction peak at 2Θ of 29.46° assigned to a (222) plane was 16594 counts. The crystallite diameter of the (222) plane was estimated to be >100 nm by the formula (7) . The refinement of lattice constant with X- ray powder diffraction analysis software JADE yielded a lattice constant a of 10.486 angstroms and a calculated density of 7.027 g/cm3. The calculated X-ray diffraction pattern of the cubic pyrochlore structure (space group Fd-3m, #227, Z = 8) was compared with the X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by actual measurement. Their peak positions agreed with each other, indicating that the composition for optical members had the cubic pyrochlore structure.
Example 4
[0082] 4.875 mmol of lanthanum oxide (La203) , 8.5 mmol of magnesium carbonate (MgC03) , and 5.875 mmol of tantalum oxide (Ta205) were mixed in an agate mortar for 30 minutes.
1 g of the mixed powder was charged in an alumina crucible, which was then placed in an electric furnace. The electric furnace was placed in the atmosphere. The internal
temperature of the electric furnace was increased from room temperature to 1600°C over two hours and was maintained at 1600°C for three hours to bake the mixed powder. After heating, the mixed powder was naturally cooled to room temperature. The composition for optical members thus prepared was colorless (white) . The X-ray diffraction
pattern of the white powder was determined. The X-ray
diffraction pattern was identified as a cubic pyrochlore structure (space group Fd-3m, #227, Z = 8). The maximum diffraction intensity of a diffraction peak at 2Θ of 29.50° assigned to a (222) plane was 15667 counts. The crystallite diameter of the (222) plane was estimated to be 84.9 nm by the formula (7). The refinement of lattice constant with X- ray powder diffraction analysis software JADE yielded a lattice constant a of 10.473 angstroms and a calculated density of 6.981 g/cm3. The calculated X-ray diffraction pattern of the cubic pyrochlore structure (space group Fd-3m, #227, Z = 8) was compared with the X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by actual measurement. Their peak positions agreed with each other, indicating that the composition for optical members had the cubic pyrochlore structure.
Comparative Example 1
[0083] 9 mmol of lanthanum oxide (La203) , 2 mmol of calcium carbonate (CaC03) , 6 mmol of magnesium carbonate
( gC03) , and 7 mmol tantalum oxide (Ta205) were mixed in an agate mortar for 30 minutes. 1 g of the mixed powder was charged in an alumina crucible, which was then placed in an electric furnace. The electric furnace was placed in the atmosphere. The internal temperature of the electric furnace was increased from room temperature to 1600°C over two hours and was maintained at 1600°C for three hours to bake the mixed powder. After heating, the mixed powder was naturally cooled to room temperature. The composition for optical members thus prepared was colorless (white) . The X- ray diffraction pattern of the white powder was determined. The X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by actual measurement included a peak that was not present in the calculated X-ray diffraction pattern of the cubic pyrochlore structure (space group Fd-3m, #227, Z = 8), indicating that the composition for optical members did not have the cubic pyrochlore structure .
Comparative Example 2
[0084] 7.5 mmol of lanthanum oxide (La203) , 5 mmol of calcium carbonate (CaC03) , 5 mmol of magnesium carbonate (MgC03) , and 7.5 mmol tantalum oxide (Ta205) were mixed in an agate mortar for 30 minutes. 1 g of the mixed powder was charged in an alumina crucible, which was then placed in an
electric furnace. The electric furnace was placed in the atmosphere. The internal temperature of the electric furnace was increased from room temperature to 1600°C over two hours and was maintained at 1600°C for three hours to bake the mixed powder. After heating, the mixed powder was naturally cooled to room temperature. The composition for optical members thus prepared was colorless (white) . The X- ray diffraction pattern of the white powder was determined. The X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by actual measurement included a peak that was not present in the calculated X-ray diffraction pattern of the cubic pyrochlore structure (space group Fd-3m, #227, Z = 8), indicating that the composition for optical members did not have the cubic pyrochlore structure .
Comparative Example 3
[0085] 5.25 mmol of lanthanum oxide (La203) , 4.5 mmol of calcium carbonate (CaC03) , 3.5 mmol of magnesium carbonate
(MgC03) , and 5.75 mmol tantalum oxide (Ta205) were mixed in an agate mortar for 30 minutes. 1 g of the mixed powder was charged in an alumina crucible, which was then placed in an electric furnace. The electric furnace was placed in the atmosphere. The internal temperature of the electric furnace was increased from room temperature to 1600°C over two hours and was maintained at 1600°C for three hours to bake the mixed powder. After heating, the mixed powder was
naturally cooled to room temperature. The composition for optical members thus prepared was colorless (white) . The X- ray diffraction pattern of the white powder was determined. The X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by actual measurement included a peak that was not present in the calculated X-ray diffraction pattern of the cubic pyrochlore structure (space group Fd-3m, #227, Z = 8), indicating that the composition for optical members did not have the cubic pyrochlore structure .
Comparative Example 4
[0086] 4.875 mmol of lanthanum oxide (La203) , 5.25 mmol of calcium carbonate (CaC03) , 3.25 mmol of magnesium carbonate
(MgC03) , and 5.875 mmol tantalum oxide (Ta205) were mixed in an agate mortar for 30 minutes. 1 g of the mixed powder was charged in an alumina crucible, which was then placed in an electric furnace. The electric furnace was placed in the atmosphere. The internal temperature of the electric furnace was increased from room temperature to 1600°C over two hours and was maintained at 1600°C for three hours to bake the mixed powder. After heating, the mixed powder was naturally cooled to room temperature. The composition for optical members thus prepared was colorless (white) . The X- ray diffraction pattern of the white powder was determined. The X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by actual measurement included a peak that was not present in the calculated X-ray
diffraction pattern of the cubic pyrochlore structure (space group Fd-3m, #227, Z = 8), indicating that the composition for optical members did not have the cubic pyrochlore structure .
Comparative Example 5
[0087] 4.5 mmol of lanthanum oxide (La203) , 11 mmol of calcium carbonate (CaC03) , 3 mmol of magnesium carbonate
(MgC03) , and 8.5 mmol tantalum oxide (Ta205) were mixed in an agate mortar for 30 minutes. 1 g of the mixed powder was charged in an alumina crucible, which was then placed in an electric furnace. The electric furnace was placed in the atmosphere. The internal temperature of the electric furnace was increased from room temperature to 1600°C over two hours and was maintained at 1600°C for three hours to bake the mixed powder. After heating, the mixed powder was naturally cooled to room temperature. The composition for optical members thus prepared was colorless (white) . The X- ray diffraction pattern of the white powder was determined. The X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by actual measurement included a peak that was not present in the calculated X-ray diffraction pattern of the cubic pyrochlore structure (space group Fd-3m, #227, Z = 8), indicating that the composition for optical members did not have the cubic pyrochlore structure .
Comparative Example 6
[0088] 3 mmol of lanthanum oxide (La203) , 9 mmol of calcium carbonate (CaC03) , 2 mmol of magnesium carbonate
(MgC03) , and 6.5 mmol tantalum oxide (Ta205) were mixed in an agate mortar for 30 minutes. 1 g of the mixed powder was charged in an alumina crucible, which was then placed in an electric furnace. The electric furnace was placed in the atmosphere. The internal temperature of the electric furnace was increased from room temperature to 1600°C over two hours and was maintained at 1600°C for three hours to bake the mixed powder. After heating, the mixed powder was naturally cooled to room temperature. The composition for optical members thus prepared was colorless (white) . The X- ray diffraction pattern of the white powder was determined. The X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by actual measurement included a peak that was not present in the calculated X-ray diffraction pattern of the cubic pyrochlore structure (space group Fd-3m, #227, Z = 8), indicating that the composition for optical members did not have the cubic pyrochlore structure.
Comparative Example 7
[0089] 3 mmol of lanthanum oxide (La203) , 14 mmol of calcium carbonate (CaC03) , 2 mmol of magnesium carbonate (MgC03) , and 9 mmol tantalum oxide (Ta205) were mixed in an agate mortar for 30 minutes. 1 g of the mixed powder was charged in an alumina crucible, which was then placed in an
electric furnace. The electric furnace was placed in the atmosphere. The internal temperature of the electric furnace was increased from room temperature to 1600°C over two hours and was maintained at 1600°C for three hours to bake the mixed powder. After heating, the mixed powder was naturally cooled to room temperature. The composition for optical members thus prepared was colorless (white) . The X- ray diffraction pattern of the white powder was determined. The X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by actual measurement included a peak that was not present in the calculated X-ray diffraction pattern of the cubic pyrochlore structure (space group Fd-3m, #227, Z = 8), indicating that the composition for optical members did not have the cubic pyrochlore structure .
Comparative Example 8
[0090] 1.5 mmol of lanthanum oxide (La203) , 17 mmol of calcium carbonate (CaC03) , 1 mmol of magnesium carbonate
(MgC03) , and 9.5 mmol tantalum oxide ( a205) were mixed in an agate mortar for 30 minutes. 1 g of the mixed powder was charged in an alumina crucible, which was then placed in an electric furnace. The electric furnace was placed in the atmosphere. The internal temperature of the electric furnace was increased from room temperature to 1600°C over two hours and was maintained at 1600°C for three hours to bake the mixed powder. After heating, the mixed powder was
naturally cooled to room temperature. The composition for optical members thus prepared was colorless (white) . The X- ray diffraction pattern of the white powder was determined. The X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by actual measurement included a peak that was not present in the calculated X-ray diffraction pattern of the cubic pyrochlore structure (space group Fd-3m, #227, Z = 8), indicating that the composition for optical members did not have the cubic pyrochlore structure .
Comparative Example 9
[0091] 9 mmol of lanthanum oxide (La203) , 8 mmol of magnesium carbonate (MgC03) , and 7 mmol of tantalum oxide
( a205) were mixed in an agate mortar for 30 minutes. 1 g of the mixed powder was charged in an alumina crucible, which was then placed in an electric furnace. The electric furnace was placed in the atmosphere. The internal
temperature of the electric furnace was increased from room temperature to 1600°C over two hours and was maintained at 1600°C for three hours to bake the mixed powder. After heating, the mixed powder was naturally cooled to room temperature. The composition for optical members thus prepared was colorless (white) . The X-ray diffraction pattern of the white powder was determined. The X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by actual measurement included a peak that was not present in the calculated X-ray
diffraction pattern of the cubic pyrochlore structure (space group Fd-3m, #227, Z = 8), indicating that the composition for optical members did not have the cubic pyrochlore structure .
Comparative Example 10
[0092] 7.5 mmol of lanthanum oxide (La203) , 10 mmol of magnesium carbonate (MgC03) , and 7.5 mmol of tantalum oxide
(Ta205) were mixed in an agate mortar for 30 minutes. 1 g of the mixed powder was charged in an alumina crucible, which was then placed in an electric furnace. The electric furnace was placed in the atmosphere. The internal
temperature of the electric furnace was increased from room temperature to 1600°C over two hours and was maintained at 1600°C for three hours to bake the mixed powder. After heating, the mixed powder was naturally cooled to room temperature. After cooling, the resulting composition for optical members was colorless (white) . The X-ray
diffraction pattern of the white powder was determined. The X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by actual measurement included a peak that was not present in the calculated X-ray diffraction pattern of the cubic pyrochlore structure (space group Fd-3m, #227, Z = 8), indicating that the composition for optical members did not have the cubic pyrochlore structure .
Comparative Example 11
[0093] 6 mmol of lanthanum oxide (La203) , 12 mmol of magnesium carbonate (MgC03) , and 8 mmol of tantalum oxide
(Ta205) were mixed in an agate mortar for 30 minutes. 1 g of the mixed powder was charged in an alumina crucible, which was then placed in an electric furnace. The electric furnace was placed in the atmosphere. The internal
temperature of the electric furnace was increased from room temperature to 1600°C over two hours and was maintained at 1600°C for three hours to bake the mixed powder. After heating, the mixed powder was naturally cooled to room temperature. The composition for optical members thus prepared was colorless (white) . The X-ray diffraction pattern of the white powder was determined. The X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by actual measurement included a peak that was not present in the calculated X-ray
diffraction pattern of the cubic pyrochlore structure (space group Fd-3m, #227, Z = 8), indicating that the composition for optical members did not have the cubic pyrochlore structure .
Conclusions
[0094] Figure 1 summarizes the results of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 11. In Figure 1, a circle denotes that the composition for optical members had the cubic pyrochlore structure, and a cross denotes that the composition for optical members did not have the cubic
pyrochlore structure. X in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 denotes X of the formula (2) , and X in
Examples 3 and 4 and Comparative Examples 9 to 11 denotes X of the formula (4) .
[0095] In Figure 1, the maximum diffraction intensity 1) is a measured X-ray diffraction peak intensity at 2Θ in the range of 29.3° to 29.5° assigned to the (222) plane of the cubic pyrochlore structure. The crystallite diameter 2) is the crystallite diameter D(222) of the cubic pyrochlore (222) plane calculated by the Scherrer equation (the formula (7)) from the half-width of the X-ray diffraction peak (2Θ = 29.3° to 29.5°). The crystallite diameter was calculated with X- ray powder diffraction analysis software JADE (available from Rigaku Corp.).
[0096] The refinement of lattice constant 3) and the determination of calculated density 4) were performed with X-ray powder diffraction analysis software JADE (available from Rigaku Corp.).
[0097] Figure 1 shows that the compositions for optical members according to the examples had the cubic pyrochlore structure. In addition to the component ratios according to the examples that provided the cubic pyrochlore structure, the component ratios between the highest component ratio and the lowest component ratio will also provide the cubic pyrochlore structure. For example, Examples 1 and 2 show
that when La is 30.0% by mole, Ca is 20.0% by mole, Mg is 10.0% by mole, and Ta is 40.0% by mole, or when La is 25.0, Ca is 25.0% by mole, Mg is 8.3% by mole, and Ta is 41.7% by mole, the composition for optical members had the cubic pyrochlore structure. Thus, when the component ratio is between these values, for example, when La is 27.5% by mole, Ca is 22.5% by mole, Mg is 9.0% by mole, and Ta is 41.0% by mole, the composition for optical members will also have the cubic pyrochlore structure.
[0098] In one example of a composition for optical members according to the present embodiment, at least one element selected from the group A includes Ca and Mg, at least one element selected from the group B is Ta, the sum total of La, Ca, Mg, and Ta is 100% by mole, and La is 24.7% by mole or more and 30.6% by mole or less, Ca is 19.8% by mole or more and 25.5% by mole or less, Mg is 8.1% by mole or more and 10.1% by mole or less, and Ta is 39.2% by mole or more and 42.1% by mole or less.
[0099] While the present invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. The scope of the following claims is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and equivalent structures and functions.
[0100] This application claims the benefit of Japanese
Patent Application No. 2011-018271, filed January 31, 2011, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
Claims
[1] A composition for optical members that contains La and
0, the composition further comprising:
at least one element selected from the group A
consisting of Ca, g, Ba, Sr, and Zn; and
at least one element selected from the group B
consisting of Ta and Nb,
wherein the sum total of La, 0, at least one element selected from the group A, and at least one element selected from the group B is 99% by mole or more while the sum total of the elements of the composition is 100% by mole.
[2] The composition for optical members according to Claim
1, wherein at least one element selected from the group A includes Ca and Mg, at least one element selected from the group B is Ta, the sum total of La, Ca, Mg, and Ta is 100% by mole, and La is 24.7% by mole or more and 30.6% by mole or less, Ca is 19.8% by mole or more and 25.5% by mole or less, Mg is 8.1% by mole or more and 10.1% by mole or less, and Ta is 39.2% by mole or more and 42.1% by mole or less.
[3] The composition for optical members according to Claim
2, wherein at least one element selected from the group A includes Ca and Mg, at least one element selected from the
group B is Ta, the sum total of La, Ca, Mg, and Ta is 100% by mole, and La is 25.0% by mole or more and 30.0% by mole or less, Ca is 20.0% by mole or more and 25.0% by mole or less, Mg is 8.3% by mole or more and 10.0% by mole or less, and Ta is 40.0% by mole or more and 41.7% by mole or less.
[4] The composition for optical members according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the composition has a cubic pyrochlore structure .
[5] The composition for optical members according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, wherein the composition has the following formula (1) :
(Lai-xCax) 2+t (Mg; (i-x) /3) Ta ( (2+X) /3) ) 207+u ( 1 )
wherein X is 0.40 < X < 0.50, t is -0.04 < t < 0.08, and u is -0.05 < u < 0.10.
[6] The composition for optical members according to Claim 5, wherein the composition has the following formula (2):
(Lai-xCax) 2 (Mg( (i-x) /3)Ta ( (2+X) 3) ) 207 (2 )
wherein X is 0.40 < X < 0.50.
[7] The composition for optical members according to Claim 1, wherein at least one element selected from the group A is Mg, at least one element selected from the group B is Ta,
the sum total of La, Mg, and Ta is 100% by mole, and La is 32.2% by mole or more and 35.7% by mole or less, Mg is 26.7% by mole or more and 28.4% by mole or less, and Ta is 37.5% by mole or more and 39.6% by mole or less.
[8] The composition for optical members according to Claim 7, wherein at least one element selected from the group A is Mg, at least one element selected from the group B is Ta, the sum total of La, Mg, and Ta is 100% by mole, and La is 32.5% by mole or more and 35.0% by mole or less, Mg is 26.7% by mole or more and 28.3% by mole or less, and Ta is 38.3% by mole or more and 39.2% by mole or less.
[9] The composition for optical members according to Claim 7 or 8, wherein the composition has a cubic pyrochlore structure.
[10] The composition for optical members according to any one of Claims 7 to 9, wherein the composition has the following formula (3) :
(Lai-xMgx) 2+t ( Mg ( (i-x) 3) Ta ( <2+x) /3> ) 2O7+U (3)
wherein X is 0.30 < X < 0.35, t is -0.04 < t < 0.08, and u is -0.05 < u < 0.10.
[11] The composition for optical members according to Claim
10, wherein the composition has the following formula (4): (Lai-xMgx) 2 ( Mg ( (i-x) /3 , Ta ( (2+x) /3) ) 207 (4 )
wherein X is 0.30 < X < 0.35.
[12] An optical member, comprising the composition for optical members according to any one of Claims 1 to 11, wherein the optical member has an Abbe number of 25 or more, a refractive index of 1.75 or more, and a transmittance of 20% or more.
[13] A lens, comprising an anti-reflection film on a
polished surface of an optical member according to Claim 12.
[14] A method for manufacturing an optical member,
comprising :
applying a pressure to the composition for optical members according to any one of Claims 1 to 11 to produce a formed product; and
baking the formed product to produce an optical member.
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| JP2011-018271 | 2011-08-10 |
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| JPS51137683A (en) * | 1975-05-12 | 1976-11-27 | Rca Corp | Fluorescent substances |
| JP2004501856A (en) * | 2000-06-29 | 2004-01-22 | ザ・ペン・ステート・リサーチ・ファンデーション | Bismuth-pyrochlore microwave dielectric material |
| JP2006514911A (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2006-05-18 | カウンセル オブ サイエンティフィック アンド インダストリアル リサーチ | Mg2MM'O6 + x, (M = Y, rare earth metal, and M '= SN, SB, ZR, HF, and TA) compound and method for producing the same |
| WO2007060816A1 (en) * | 2005-11-25 | 2007-05-31 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Translucent ceramic, process for producing the same, optical part and optical apparatus |
| JP2009001443A (en) * | 2007-06-20 | 2009-01-08 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | Method for improving discoloration of translucent ceramic and method for manufacturing ceramic hybrid lens |
-
2012
- 2012-01-25 WO PCT/JP2012/052199 patent/WO2012105583A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-01-26 JP JP2012014362A patent/JP2012176881A/en active Pending
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| JPS51137683A (en) * | 1975-05-12 | 1976-11-27 | Rca Corp | Fluorescent substances |
| JP2004501856A (en) * | 2000-06-29 | 2004-01-22 | ザ・ペン・ステート・リサーチ・ファンデーション | Bismuth-pyrochlore microwave dielectric material |
| JP2006514911A (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2006-05-18 | カウンセル オブ サイエンティフィック アンド インダストリアル リサーチ | Mg2MM'O6 + x, (M = Y, rare earth metal, and M '= SN, SB, ZR, HF, and TA) compound and method for producing the same |
| WO2007060816A1 (en) * | 2005-11-25 | 2007-05-31 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Translucent ceramic, process for producing the same, optical part and optical apparatus |
| JP2009001443A (en) * | 2007-06-20 | 2009-01-08 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | Method for improving discoloration of translucent ceramic and method for manufacturing ceramic hybrid lens |
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