WO2012100540A1 - 锂离子电池管理系统 - Google Patents

锂离子电池管理系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012100540A1
WO2012100540A1 PCT/CN2011/079416 CN2011079416W WO2012100540A1 WO 2012100540 A1 WO2012100540 A1 WO 2012100540A1 CN 2011079416 W CN2011079416 W CN 2011079416W WO 2012100540 A1 WO2012100540 A1 WO 2012100540A1
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Prior art keywords
battery
temperature
over
module
discharge
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PCT/CN2011/079416
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈冠豪
Original Assignee
Chen Guanhao
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Publication of WO2012100540A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012100540A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/443—Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a lithium ion battery management system for a large-capacity lithium ion battery pack of an electric vehicle power lithium ion battery, a communication energy storage large-capacity lithium ion battery, a large-capacity lithium ion battery, and a battery requiring two or more series in series. . Background technique
  • Lithium-ion batteries are considered to be the most promising batteries due to their long life, high current charge and discharge characteristics, high safety, no memory effect, and mature technology.
  • the industry generally believes that the production technology of single-cell lithium-ion batteries is basically mature, but one of the main reasons why it has not been widely used so far is that lithium-ion battery modules composed of multi-cell lithium-ion batteries are extremely easy to cause one due to poor battery consistency. Or a certain single cell has been overcharged and discharged, causing failure, causing a chain reaction, causing the life of the entire battery pack to end prematurely or in extreme cases, causing catastrophic consequences such as explosion and fire, so the lithium ion battery management system must not be less.
  • the lithium ion battery protection board is used on the market to overcharge and discharge the battery pack and overcharge and discharge control of the single battery.
  • the lithium ion battery management system also integrates the equalization function, the protection function and the monitoring function. Both have improved the safety and service life of lithium-ion batteries to some extent.
  • the existing battery protection board or battery management system also has the problems of single function, small function, low precision, and complicated circuit, which will inevitably result in lower battery life, higher cost, and lower system security.
  • the above battery protection board or battery management system has a single function and functions as:
  • the battery protection board has no equalization function and other auxiliary functions
  • the battery management system has the battery overcharge and over discharge protection and equalization function, but the equalization function adopts the energy consumption mode, and the equalization current is small, generally within 0.3A, and the large capacity battery is ineffective;
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a lithium ion battery management system with good equalization effect, high precision and good stability.
  • a lithium ion battery management system of the present invention comprises: a plurality of battery voltage sampling modules, measuring voltage values V of respective single cells in each battery string in the battery module; and a temperature sampling module, measuring temperature values of the battery modules a microcontroller that receives the voltage value V of each of the single cells measured by the battery voltage sampling module and the temperature value T of the battery module measured by the temperature sampling module to determine a single cell that needs to be balanced;
  • the charging controller and the plurality of equalization gate control modules are controlled by the microcontroller to perform energy transfer equalization on the single cells that need to be equalized.
  • the voltage of each of the battery strings is input to the microcontroller through a resistor divider.
  • the system also includes an isolation transformer disposed between the P medical charge controller and the plurality of equalization gating control modules.
  • the system further includes an overcharge protection module, when the overcharge condition is met, the microprocessor sends an overcharge signal to the charging device to cut off the charging, and the overcharge condition is 0C ⁇ V*(l+ppm%*T), Where 0C is the assumed overcharge and ppm% is the battery temperature coefficient.
  • the system further includes an over-discharge protection module, wherein when the over-discharge condition is met, the microprocessor sends an over-discharge signal to the discharge device to cut off the discharge, and the over-discharge condition is 0V>V* (l+ppm%*T), Where 0V is the assumed overshoot value and ppm% is the battery temperature coefficient.
  • the system further includes an over-temperature protection module.
  • the microprocessor sends an over-temperature signal to the charging device and the discharging device to cut off charging and discharging, respectively, and the over-temperature condition is 0T>T, wherein 0 ⁇ is The assumed over temperature value.
  • the system also includes a discharge device sampling module that receives the discharge current and output voltage current from the discharge device and sends it to the microprocessor.
  • the system also includes a display alarm storage module that receives data from the microcontroller via a digital interface for storage and display.
  • the display alarm storage module stores the data in a compressed manner.
  • the system also includes a bus expansion interface connected to the microcontroller to expand by bus Multi-battery module.
  • the present invention adopts active energy transfer equalization, and the equalization effect is 8 times of the conventional equalization current of about 0. 3A, and the equalization current is 2. 2-2. 5A, the energy transfer efficiency is more than 80%, and the large-capacity battery is completely solved. Capacity inconsistency issues.
  • the battery voltage sampling is input to the microcontroller through a simple resistor divider.
  • the external calibration and software algorithm make the accuracy within 10mV, which is 50%_80% less than the traditional linear optocoupler plus op amp and differential op amp array. , saving system cost by more than 5% and improving stability.
  • the data can be stored for more than 10 years of battery information, to ensure the entire battery life cycle, to provide first-hand information on the maintenance and improvement of the system, especially for the current lithium-ion battery is not mature enough, requires a large amount of data analysis battery
  • the failure mode, directly from the use of the terminal to take data, is more direct and clear than the actual simulation and hypothetical testing of the actual danger room, and has an inestimable effect on the improvement of battery technology.
  • the invention has the lithium ion battery pack overcharge and over discharge and the single cell overcharge and over discharge protection function, the equalization function, the battery pack temperature detection function, the battery power (S0C) estimation function, the monitoring alarm function, the storage function, and the modular design.
  • the extended functionality is integrated to minimize catastrophic battery life and nearly double the battery life.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the electrical connection between the lithium ion battery management system of the present invention and an external device;
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the main control principle of the lithium ion battery management system of the present invention;
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit schematic diagram of the battery voltage sampling module of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit schematic diagram of the temperature sampling module of Figure 2;
  • FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing the equalization gate control module of Figure 2. detailed description
  • the lithium ion battery management system adopts a modular design.
  • 16 single cells are connected in series to form one battery string, and 16 battery strings constitute one battery group, that is, a battery module, and more battery modules can be expanded by bus. .
  • FIG. 1 shows the electrical connection of the lithium ion battery management system of the present invention with external devices, including: main control board 1; bus expansion interface 2; display alarm storage module 3; over temperature signal 4; over discharge signal 5; Output voltage current 6; discharge device 7; overcharge signal 8; charging device 9; battery pack interface 10; module 1 11;
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the main control principle of the lithium ion battery management system of the present invention, comprising: a microcontroller 21; a PWM charge controller 22; and 16 battery voltage sampling modules corresponding to 16 battery strings, for example, battery voltage Sampling 1 23, battery voltage sampling 2 24, ... battery voltage sampling 16 25; temperature sampling module 26; discharging device sampling module 27; 16 equalizing gate control modules corresponding to 16 battery strings one-to-one, such as balanced gate control 16 28, ... balanced gate control 2 29, equalization gate control 1 210; isolation transformer 211; output 1 212, output 2 213, ... output 16 214; battery string 1 215, battery string 2 216, ... battery string 16 217
  • the specific working principle of the lithium ion battery management system of the present invention is as follows:
  • a battery voltage sampling module for measuring the voltage value V of each of the individual cells connected in series in each battery string.
  • the voltage of each battery string is input to the microcontroller 21 through a resistor divider, as shown in Fig. 2, and the battery voltage is sampled by a total of 16 channels.
  • the battery string 1 illustrates the principle: In the calibration mode, the standard power supply VI, V2 ⁇ V16 corresponding to the battery string 1, 2 ⁇ 16 is connected, and the actual voltage VI ', V2 ' of each battery string is measured.
  • each battery voltage sampling module includes, for example, series resistors R1 and R3 connected in parallel between the first and second battery cells, and a capacitor C1 connected in parallel with the resistor R3. A series of battery voltage samples can be completed with three components.
  • the battery temperature sampling module includes a plurality of parallel connected series resistors and temperature resistors and a capacitor connected in parallel with each temperature resistor.
  • the battery temperature sampling module converts each resistance value of the temperature resistance with the temperature into a voltage value, and makes a reference table, which is stored in the memory of the microcontroller. In actual testing, the battery temperature value T is obtained by looking up the table. Judging the equilibrium condition: The voltage value V of each single cell obtained from the battery voltage sampling module is obtained as the average value v A , the maximum value V Max , the minimum value V Min , and then the temperature compensation is performed, and the battery temperature obtained by the temperature sampling module is used.
  • T battery temperature coefficient ppm% (this coefficient can be obtained from the battery manufacturer's recommended electrical specifications), to determine whether the equilibrium condition is met: V Max * (l + ppm% * T) ⁇ set value, ⁇ * ( 1+ 01%* ⁇ Setting value, V A * (l+ppm%*T)—V* (l+ppm%*T)>Setting value, the setting value is based on the electrical specifications recommended by the battery manufacturer. set up.
  • the microcontroller 21 sends the over-discharge signal 5 to the discharge device 7 to cut off the discharge; the over-charge signal 8 is sent to the charging device 9 to cut off the charging; At the time of signal 4, the charging device 9 and the discharging device 7 are cut off, respectively.
  • the management system further includes a discharge device sampling module 27, which receives the discharge current and the output voltage current 6 from the discharge device 7, is collected and analyzed by the microprocessor 21, and is sent out for detecting the discharge state of the battery and the device driven by the battery discharge. The information can be turned off or optimized during abnormal conditions to protect the battery and protect the device.
  • the voltage value of the single cell obtained from the external processing of the microcontroller 21, the battery pack voltage, the discharge device input current, the output voltage, the output current, and the temperature information data are transmitted to the display alarm storage module 3 through the digital interface, and are recorded and displayed.
  • the storage module 3 uses a large-capacity memory of more than 2G and uses a compression function (that is, if two adjacent values are not saved if they are the same), the recorded data is over 10 years.
  • More modules can be expanded through the bus expansion interface 2, such as module 11, module ⁇ 12, each module includes extended battery strings, and the values of the slave modules are passed to the main module for battery status monitoring display and battery data storage.
  • bus expansion interface 2 such as module 11, module ⁇ 12, each module includes extended battery strings, and the values of the slave modules are passed to the main module for battery status monitoring display and battery data storage.

Abstract

本发明涉及一种锂离子电池管理系统，包括：多个电池电压采样模块，测量电池模块内各电池串中的各单体电池的电压值V；温度采样模块，测量所述电池模块的温度值T；微控制器，接收所述电池电压采样模块测得的所述各单体电池的电压值V和温度采样模块测得的电池模块的温度值T，判断需要均衡的单体电池；PWM充电控制器和多个均衡选通控制模块，受所述微控制器控制对所述需要均衡的单体电池进行能量转移均衡。

Description

锂离子电池管理系统 技术领域
本发明涉及用于电动汽车动力锂离子蓄电池、 通信蓄能大容量锂离子蓄电 池及储能电站大容量锂离子蓄电池等需求两节以上串联的电池的大容量锂离子 电池组的锂离子电池管理系统。 背景技术
锂离子电池由于寿命长， 大电流充放电特性好， 安全性高， 无记忆效应， 技术相应成熟而被认为是最有潜力的电池， 并得到了应用。 业界普遍认为单体 锂离子电池制作技术已基本成熟， 但至今没得到广泛应用的主要原因之一是由 多节锂离子电池组成的锂离子电池模块由于电池的一致性差， 极易造成某一只 或某几只单体电池出现过充过放， 致使失效， 从而引起连锁反应， 使整个电池 组寿命提前结束或极端情况下会引起爆炸、 起火等灾难性后果， 所以锂离子电 池管理系统必不可少。 目前市场上采用锂离子电池保护板对电池组进行过充过 放控制及对单体电池进行过充过放控制； 也有锂离子电池管理系统同时把均衡 功能、 保护功能及监视功能集成一体， 这些都在一定程度上提高了锂离子电池 的安全性及使用寿命。 但现有的电池保护板或电池管理系统还普遍存在功能单 一、 功能作用不大、 精度不高、 电路复杂的问题， 势必造成电池组使用寿命降 低， 成本上升， 系统安全性降低。
上述电池保护板或电池管理系统功能单一、 功能作用不大表现为：
1.电池保护板无均衡功能及其它辅助功能；
2.电池管理系统有电池过充过放保护及均衡功能， 但均衡功能采用能量消 耗方式， 均衡电流小， 一般在 0. 3A以内，对大容量电池形同虚设；
精确不高、 电路复杂表现在电池电压采样中， 一般采用差分运放阵列或线 性光耦加运算放大器处理后送入微控制器， 由于大容量电池组一般都有数十节 或数百节电池串联组成， 电路复杂元件较多， 势必造成成本上升， 稳定性下降， 同时差分运放阵列受电阻误差影响及线性光耦加运算放大器受光耦线性度影 响， 采样精度不高。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种均衡效果好、 精度高、 稳定性好 的锂离子电池管理系统。
本发明的一种锂离子电池管理系统， 包括： 多个电池电压采样模块， 测量 电池模块内各电池串中的各单体电池的电压值 V； 温度采样模块， 测量所述电池 模块的温度值 T; 微控制器， 接收所述电池电压采样模块测得的所述各单体电池 的电压值 V和温度采样模块测得的电池模块的温度值 T,判断需要均衡的单体电 池； P醫充电控制器和多个均衡选通控制模块， 受所述微控制器控制对所述需要 均衡的单体电池进行能量转移均衡。
所述各电池串的电压通过电阻分压输入到所述微控制器。
该系统还包括设置在所述 P醫充电控制器和多个均衡选通控制模块之间的 隔离变压器。
该系统还包括过充保护模块， 在满足过充条件时， 所述微处理器送出过充 信号到充电装置切断充电， 所述过充条件为 0C〈V* (l+ppm%*T)， 其中 0C为假定 的过充值， ppm%为电池温度系数。
该系统还包括过放保护模块， 在满足过放条件时， 所述微处理器送出过放 信号到放电装置切断放电， 所述过放条件为 0V〉V* (l+ppm%*T)， 其中 0V为假定 的过放值， ppm%为电池温度系数。
该系统还包括过温保护模块， 在满足过温条件时， 所述微处理器送出过温 信号到充电装置和放电装置分别切断充电与放电， 所述过温条件为 0T〉T， 其中 0Τ为假定的过温值。
该系统还包括接收来自放电装置的放电电流及输出电压电流并发送至所述 微处理器的放电装置采样模块。
该系统还包括显示报警存储模块， 其通过数字接口接收来自所述微控制器 的数据以存储并显示。
所述显示报警存储模块以压缩方式存储所述数据。
该系统还包括与所述微控制器相连的总线扩展接口以通过总线方式扩展更 多电池模块。
本发明的锂离子电池管理系统与现有技术相比有以下优点：
1、 本发明采取主动式能量转移均衡， 均衡效果是传统的约 0. 3A均衡电流 的 8倍，均衡电流达 2. 2-2. 5A,能量转移效率达 80%以上， 彻底解决大容量电池 容量不一致问题。
2、 电池电压采样通过简单电阻分压输入到微控制器， 通过外界校准及软件 算法使精度在 10mV以内， 比传统的用线性光耦加运算放大器与差分运放阵列的 采样少 50%_80%， 节约系统成本 5%以上， 并提高了稳定性。
3、 数据经过压缩可存储 10年以上的电池信息量， 保证整个电池使用周期， 对系统的维护及改进提供一手资料， 特别对目前锂离子电池还不够成熟的情况 下， 需要大量的数据分析电池的失效模式， 直接从使用终端所取数据， 比实险 室进行多种模拟及假想测试更直接、 更清楚， 对电池技术的提升有不可估量的 作用。
4、 大量研究表明， 电池组的寿命是单体电池的 1/2， 甚至更低， 一个完善 功能的电池保护系统可以保证单体电池的寿命非常接近电池组的寿命。 本发明 把锂离子电池组过充过放及单体电池过充过放保护功能、 均衡功能、 电池组温 度检测功能、 电池电量 (S0C)估算功能、 监视报警功能、 存储功能、 模块化设计 可扩展功能集成一体， 最大限度的防止电池发生灾难性后果并可延长电池使用 寿命近一倍。 附图说明
图 1示出了本发明锂离子电池管理系统与外界设备电气连接的方框图； 图 2示出了本发明锂离子电池管理系统的主控制原理方框图；
图 3示出了图 2中电池电压采样模块的电路原理图；
图 4示出了图 2中温度采样模块的电路原理图；
图 5示出了图 2中均衡选通控制模块的电路原理图。 具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明进行详细描述。 本锂离子电池管理系统采用模块化设计，在以下实施例中采用 16个单体电 池串联为一个电池串， 16个电池串构成一个电池组， 即电池模块， 可通过总线 方式扩展更多电池模块。
图 1示出了本发明锂离子电池管理系统与外界设备的电气连接， 包括:主控 制板 1 ; 总线扩展接口 2; 显示报警存储模块 3; 过温信号 4; 过放信号 5; 放电 电流及输出电压电流 6; 放电装置 7; 过充信号 8; 充电装置 9; 电池组接口 10; 模块 1 11 ; 模块 N 12。
图 2 示出了本发明锂离子电池管理系统的主控制原理方框图， 包括： 微控 制器 21 ; PWM充电控制器 22; 与 16个电池串——对应的 16个电池电压采样模 块， 例如电池电压采样 1 23，电池电压采样 2 24,…电池电压采样 16 25； 温度 采样模块 26; 放电装置采样模块 27; 与 16个电池串一一对应的 16个均衡选通 控制模块， 例如均衡选通控制 16 28,…均衡选通控制 2 29,均衡选通控制 1 210; 隔离变压器 211 ; 输出 1 212， 输出 2 213， …输出 16 214； 电池串 1 215， 电 池串 2 216， …电池串 16 217ο
本发明锂离子电池管理系统的具体工作原理如下：
电池电压采样模块， 用于测量每个电池串内串联的各单体电池的电压值 V。 各电池串的电压通过电阻分压输入到微控制器 21， 如图 2中所示， 电池电压采 样共 16路。举其中电池串 1说明其原理： 在校准模式下， 接入对应于电池串 1， 2··· 16的标准电源 VI， V2〜V16， 测得各电池串的实际电压 VI ' ， V2 ' -V16 ' 并存入微控制器存储器内； 在正常测试模式下， 接入所管理的电池串， 测得电 池串的电压 VI " Ί2 " -V16 " ，根据如下公式计算电池串 1内单体电池 1的电压 {1=V1 " /VI ' *V1， 单体电池 2的电压值 1 " /VI ' *V1*2， 依此类推， 单体电 池 16的电压值 1 " /VI ' *V1*16。 具体如图 3所示， 各电池电压采样模块包括 例如并联在第一与第二单体电池之间的串联的电阻 R1和 R3， 以及与电阻 R3并 联的电容 Cl， 简单的电阻分压只需三个元件即可完成一串电池电压采样。
电池组温度采样模块， 具体如图 4所示， 包括多组并联的相串联的电阻和 温度电阻以及与每个温度电阻并联的电容。 该电池组温度采样模块把温度电阻 随温度变化的各个电阻值转换成电压值， 做成基准表， 存入微控制器存储器内， 实际测试时以查表方式得出电池组温度值 T。 判断均衡条件： 从电池电压采样模块得到的各单体电池的电压值 V求出平均 值 vA， 最大值 VMax， 最小值 VMin， 再进行温度补偿， 用温度采样模块得到的电池组 温度值 T， 电池温度系数 ppm% (该系数可从电池厂商所推荐的电性规格书获得）， 判断是否满足均衡条件： VMax* (l+ppm%*T)〈设定值， ¥ * (1+ 01%* 〉设定值， VA* (l+ppm%*T)— V* (l+ppm%*T)〉设定值， 设定值根据电池厂商所推荐的电性规 格书设定。
进行电池均衡： 对满足上述均衡条件的单体电池开始均衡， 打开 PWM充电 控制器 22， 通过隔离变压器输出 1 212，输出 2 213…输出 16 214…共 16路输 出至相应的均衡选通控制模块 （具体如图 5所示）， 打开均衡选通控制模块， 对 所需均衡的单体电池进行能量转移均衡， 其中隔离变压器 211 用于能量传输及 电气隔离。
判断过放、 过充、 过温条件： 根据电池电压采样模块所得的单体电池的电 压值 V、 温度采样模块得出的温度值 T、 电池温度系数 ppm%、 假设的过放值 0V、 过充值 0C、 过温值 0T， 判断是否满足： 0V〉V* (l+ppm%*T)， 0C〈V* (l+ppm%*T) ， 0T〉T， 其中过放值 0V、 过充值 0C、 过温值 0T依电池厂商所推荐的电性规格书 设定；
电池保护： 当上述过放、 过充、 过温条件分别成立时， 微控制器 21送出过 放信号 5到放电装置 7， 切断放电； 送出过充信号 8到充电装置 9切断充电； 送 出过温信号 4时则分别切断充电装转置 9与放电装置 7。本管理系统系统还包括 放电装置采样模块 27， 接收来自放电装置 7的放电电流及输出电压电流 6， 由 微处理器 21采集分析后再送出， 用于检测电池放电状态及电池放电所驱动设备 产生的信息， 在异常时可关断或优化控制， 以保护电池及保护设备。
通过数字接口把来自微控制器 21外理得到的单体电池的电压值、 电池组电 压、 放电装置输入电流、 输出电压、 输出电流及温度信息数据传输到显示报警 存储模块 3， 记录并显示。 存储模块 3用超过 2G的大容量存储器， 同时采用压 缩功能（即相邻的两个值如果相同就不保存）， 使记录数据达 10年以上。
通过总线扩展接口 2可扩展更多模块， 如模块 1 11， 模块 Ν 12， 每个模块 包括扩展的其它电池串， 把从模块的值传到主模块实现电池状态监控显示及电 池数据存储。 以上实施例仅用于说明但不限制本发明。 在权利要求的范围内本发明还有 多种变形和改进。 凡是依据本发明的权利要求书及说明书内容所作的简单、 等 效变化与修饰， 皆落入本发明专利的权利要求保护范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种锂离子电池管理系统， 其特征在于， 包括：
多个电池电压采样模块， 测量电池模块内各电池串中的各单体电池的电 压值 V；
温度采样模块， 测量所述电池模块的温度值 T;
微控制器， 接收所述电池电压采样模块测得的所述各单体电池的电压值
V和温度采样模块测得的电池模块的温度值 τ， 判断需要均衡的单体电池；
PWM 充电控制器和多个均衡选通控制模块， 受所述微控制器控制对所述 需要均衡的单体电池进行能量转移均衡。
2、如权利要求 1所述的系统， 其特征在于， 所述各电池串的电压通过电阻分 压输入到所述微控制器。
3、 如权利要求 1 所述的系统， 其特征在于， 该系统还包括设置在所述 PWM 充电控制器和多个均衡选通控制模块之间的隔离变压器。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的系统， 其特征在于， 该系统还包括过充保护模块， 在 满足过充条件时， 所述微处理器送出过充信号到充电装置切断充电， 所述过 充条件为 0C〈V* (l+ppm%*T)，其中 0C为假定的过充值， ppm%为电池温度系数。
5、 如权利要求 1所述的系统， 其特征在于， 该系统还包括过放保护模块， 在 满足过放条件时， 所述微处理器送出过放信号到放电装置切断放电， 所述过 放条件为 0V〉V* (l+ppm%*T)，其中 0V为假定的过放值， ppm%为电池温度系数。
6、 如权利要求 1所述的系统， 其特征在于， 该系统还包括过温保护模块， 在 满足过温条件时， 所述微处理器送出过温信号到充电装置和放电装置分别切 断充电与放电， 所述过温条件为 0T〉T， 其中 0Τ为假定的过温值。
7、如权利要求 1所述的系统， 其特征在于， 该系统还包括接收来自放电装置 的放电电流及输出电压电流并发送至所述微处理器的放电装置采样模块。
8、如权利要求 1所述的系统，其特征在于，该系统还包括显示报警存储模块， 其通过数字接口接收来自所述微控制器的数据以存储并显示。
9、如权利要求 8所述的系统， 其特征在于， 所述显示报警存储模块以压缩方 式存储所述数据。
10、 如权利要求 1所述的系统， 其特征在于， 该系统还包括与所述微控制器 相连的总线扩展接口以通过总线方式扩展更多电池模块。
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