WO2012094996A1 - 一种流媒体反馈的实现方法、系统和装置 - Google Patents

一种流媒体反馈的实现方法、系统和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012094996A1
WO2012094996A1 PCT/CN2012/070210 CN2012070210W WO2012094996A1 WO 2012094996 A1 WO2012094996 A1 WO 2012094996A1 CN 2012070210 W CN2012070210 W CN 2012070210W WO 2012094996 A1 WO2012094996 A1 WO 2012094996A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
feedback
indication information
message
feedback message
receiving end
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PCT/CN2012/070210
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王芳
刘继年
陈光亮
孙健
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2012094996A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012094996A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H04L61/09Mapping addresses
    • H04L61/25Mapping addresses of the same type
    • H04L61/2503Translation of Internet protocol [IP] addresses
    • H04L61/256NAT traversal
    • H04L61/2564NAT traversal for a higher-layer protocol, e.g. for session initiation protocol [SIP]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/16Implementation or adaptation of Internet protocol [IP], of transmission control protocol [TCP] or of user datagram protocol [UDP]
    • H04L69/164Adaptation or special uses of UDP protocol
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/633Control signals issued by server directed to the network components or client
    • H04N21/6332Control signals issued by server directed to the network components or client directed to client
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/637Control signals issued by the client directed to the server or network components
    • H04N21/6377Control signals issued by the client directed to the server or network components directed to server
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/643Communication protocols
    • H04N21/64322IP

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of streaming media technologies, and in particular, to a method, system and device for implementing streaming media feedback.
  • MPEG-2 Transport Streams such as Interactive Internet Television (IPTV) services, Digital Video Broadcasting, are used. , DVB) business, etc.
  • MPEG-2 TS was originally designed for broadcast systems and is a one-way communication.
  • servers including media-aware network devices MANE
  • QoE Quality of Experience
  • the terminal requires the terminal to feed some local conditions to the server for the server to make the relevant QoE policy.
  • QoE Quality of Experience
  • the limitations of MPEG-2 TS to support only one-way communication are very obvious and cannot meet the relevant requirements.
  • the common practice is to carry the MPEG-2 TS code stream on the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP), and then use the message feedback channel of the RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) to implement two-way communication.
  • RTP Real-time Transport Protocol
  • RTCP RTP Control Protocol
  • this method binds MPEG-2 TS to RTP, and needs to perform RTP encapsulation on the basis of MPEG-2 TS, which reduces the transmission and processing efficiency of the system.
  • various RTP specifications are defined in the relevant standards of the IETF, such as the RTP/AVP profile defined by RFC3551, and the RTP/AVPF profile is defined in RFC4585.
  • the RTCP message types and formats supported by different profiles are different.
  • the server usually informs the terminal through an out-of-band method such as the Session Description Protocol (SDP).
  • SDP Session Description Protocol
  • RTCP is an out-of-band feedback, and there are many inconveniences in actual use, such as a firewall.
  • the RTP channel and the RTCP channel need to be processed separately.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to propose a method and system for implementing streaming media feedback to overcome the defects caused by the prior art using the out-of-band feedback mode.
  • the present invention provides a method for implementing streaming media feedback, which includes: when sending a streaming media data, the sending end sends the indication information of the feedback message to the receiving end in an in-band manner.
  • the above method has the following characteristics:
  • the above method has the following characteristics:
  • the indication information of the feedback message includes identification information of a feedback specification.
  • the above method has the following characteristics:
  • the indication information of the feedback message further includes identification information of the feedback message.
  • the above method has the following characteristics:
  • the receiving end After receiving the indication information of the feedback message, the receiving end generates a feedback message according to the feedback specification when the information needs to be fed back, and sends the feedback message to the sending end by using an inband mode.
  • the present invention provides a system for implementing streaming media feedback, including a transmitting end and a receiving end, where
  • the sending end When the sending end is configured to send the streaming media data, the indication information of the feedback message is sent to the receiving end in an in-band manner;
  • the receiving end is configured to receive indication information of the streaming media data and the feedback message sent by the sending end.
  • the above system has the following characteristics:
  • the sending end is configured to send the indication information of the feedback message to the receiving end by using a feedback indication message packet; or, by carrying the indication information in a media data packet, sending the The receiving end.
  • the above system has the following characteristics:
  • the indication information of the feedback message includes identification information of a feedback specification.
  • the above system has the following characteristics:
  • the indication information of the feedback message further includes identification information of the feedback message.
  • the above system has the following characteristics:
  • the receiving end is configured to receive the indication information of the feedback message, and when there is information to be fed back, generate a feedback message according to the feedback specification, and send the feedback message to the sending end by using an inband mode.
  • the present invention also provides a streaming media transmitting end, which includes:
  • the sending unit is configured to: when sending the streaming media data, send the indication information of the feedback message to the receiving end in an in-band manner.
  • the sending unit is configured to: send the indication information of the feedback message to the receiving end by using a feedback indication message packet; or send the indication information to the receiving end by carrying the indication information in a media data packet.
  • the present invention also provides a streaming media receiving end, which includes:
  • the receiving unit is configured to: receive the indication information of the feedback message sent by the streaming media sending end by using the inband mode.
  • It also includes a sending unit, which is configured to: when there is information to be fed back, generate a feedback message according to the feedback specification included in the indication information, and send the feedback message to the sending end by using an in-band manner.
  • the user data protocol can be conveniently utilized (User Datagram)
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of UDP/IP performing in-band message feedback according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for implementing streaming media feedback according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of indication information carrying a feedback message in a media data packet according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of transmitting a media data packet and a feedback indication message packet using the same transmission channel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of an application example of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a streaming media feedback system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Preferred embodiment of the invention
  • Embodiments of the present invention utilize the two-way communication capability of the Internet to utilize the same UDP/IP transmission channel to implement in-band information feedback.
  • the sender adds the relevant information to the code stream, notifies the receiver, the type and format of the feedback message supported by the system, and activates the receiver to activate the corresponding feedback function, as shown in Figure 1.
  • the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • Step 201 When the sending end sends the streaming media data, the sending end sends the indication information of the feedback message to the receiving end in an in-band manner.
  • the indication information of the feedback message may include identification information of a feedback specification, and may further include feedback The identification information of the message.
  • the identifier information of the feedback specification is used to describe the feedback specification supported by the sender (server), and the identifier information of the feedback message is used to indicate how to identify a certain data packet as a feedback message, that is, when the receiving end sends a feedback message to the sender, This identification information is also carried in the message for the receiver to recognize.
  • Different feedback specifications can be defined, similar to different RTP profiles. Different specifications can support different message types, define their own message format, and have their own unique identifier.
  • the sending end may send the indication information in the media data packet (adding an extension field in the media packet, etc.), and send the indication information to the receiving end (as shown in FIG. 3), and may also indicate the feedback message.
  • the information is sent to the receiving end through a feedback indication message packet (defining a specific packet format) (as shown in FIG. 4).
  • the transmitting end sends the streaming media data, and at the same time, the indication information of the feedback signaling is sent out through the transmission channel of the streaming media data.
  • Step 202 After receiving the indication information of the feedback message, the receiving end generates a feedback message according to the feedback specification when the information needs to be feedback, and sends the feedback message to the sending end by using an inband mode.
  • the feedback message sent by the receiving end may carry the identification information of the feedback message to notify the sending end that the message is a feedback message.
  • Step 203 After receiving the feedback message, the sending end performs processing according to the relevant policy.
  • This application example is a two-way communication method that implements a feedback mechanism using MPEG-2 TS. ⁇ Extend MPEG-2 TS with the following technical solution:
  • Descriptor tag (descriptor tag) 8 uimsbf (unsigned integer) descriptor—length (descriptor length) 8 uimsbf
  • the meanings of the other fields are as follows:
  • Identifier Indicates the feedback specification used, for example, when it is the ASCII character "ZFBP", indicating that the format of the feedback message, etc., follows the relevant provisions in this embodiment.
  • the stream type is used for the standard i stream only when the stream_type value is OxFE, which means the elementary stream with the corresponding packet identifier (Packet Identifier, PID) value (Elementary Stream) , ES ) is the feedback flow;
  • PID Packet Identifier
  • the format of the feedback message is defined as follows:
  • Table_ id (table label i only) is used to mark i only the section type is fb_ message_section
  • Section—syntax—indicator takes a value of 0 , meaning
  • Private—indicator (private identifier) takes a value of 0;
  • Private_section_length (private segment length) fb_ message_section, the length of the data after the private_section_length field;
  • Message_length refers to the length of the message, ie the specific_message_data part; message_type - different values, indicating different message types, such as feedback network Status message, feedback to the terminal cache status message, etc.
  • message types there will be different data structures, namely the specific_message-data part, which can define different formats according to the value of the message-type;
  • Descriptor_loop_length (4 term loop length) refers to the data length of the message_descriptor() list
  • Message_descriptor The need for extensibility, such as certain types of messages, may have some optional parameters, which can be provided by defining different types of message-descriptor() structures;
  • Figure 5 is an application scenario using the above extended MPEG-2 TS for signaling feedback, in which all devices support the extension of MPEG-2 TS in this application example.
  • the device such as the encoder or the superior server will multicast/broadcast the MPEG-2 TS live stream that has been added with the feedback message extension through the Internet.
  • the MPEG-2 TS live stream can carry the identification information of the feedback specification (for example, the identifier is the ASCII character "ZFBP") and the identification information of the feedback message (for example, the stream_type value is the PID value corresponding to "OxFE").
  • An edge forwarding device such as a server or a forwarding device that can sense the media, receives the multicast code stream and forwards it to the terminal.
  • the terminal constructs a feedback message according to a feedback specification specified in the TS code stream (for example, a feedback specification corresponding to "ZFBP") (ie, the value of the PID field in the corresponding TS header, which needs to be specified in the PMT, and the stream_type value is "OxFE".
  • the PID value of " is sent to the edge forwarding device.
  • the edge device processes it according to the relevant policy. For example, the transmitted code stream may be adjusted according to the network condition fed back by the terminal to adapt to the network condition of the terminal.
  • FIG. 6 is a system for implementing streaming media feedback according to an embodiment of the present invention, including a transmitting end and a receiving end, where
  • the sending end When the sending end is configured to send the streaming media data, the indication information of the feedback message is sent to the receiving end in an in-band manner;
  • the receiving end is configured to receive indication information of the streaming media data and the feedback message sent by the sending end.
  • the sending end may be configured to send the indication information of the feedback message to the receiving end by using a feedback indication message packet; or send the indication information to the receiving end by carrying the indication information in a media data packet.
  • the receiving end may be configured to: after receiving the indication information of the feedback message, generate a feedback message according to the feedback specification when the information needs to be fed back, and send the feedback message to the sending end by using an inband mode.
  • the sending end of the embodiment of the present invention includes:
  • the sending unit is configured to: when sending the streaming media data, send the indication information of the feedback message to the receiving end in an in-band manner.
  • the sending unit may be configured to: send the indication information of the feedback message to the receiving end by using a feedback indication message packet; or send the indication information to the receiving by carrying the indication information in a media data packet end.
  • the receiving end of the embodiment of the present invention includes:
  • the receiving unit is configured to: receive the indication information of the feedback message sent by the streaming media sending end by using the inband mode.
  • the receiving end may further include:
  • a sending unit configured to: when there is information to be fed back, generate a feedback message according to the feedback specification included in the indication information, and send the feedback message to the sending end by using an inband mode.
  • the embodiments of the present invention utilize a two-way communication capability of the Internet to implement a method and system for in-band feedback in a streaming media service. That is, the sender will send the media stream while transmitting
  • the signaling feedback mode and type supported by the sending end notify the receiving end through the in-band mode, and trigger the receiving end to perform in-band signaling feedback.
  • each module/unit in the foregoing embodiment may be implemented in the form of hardware, or may use software functions.
  • the form of the module is implemented. The invention is not limited to any specific form of combination of hardware and software.
  • the two-way communication capability of UDP/IP can be conveniently utilized to implement in-band message feedback.
  • RTP it is necessary to create two channels of RTP and RTCP for each RTP flow, which saves system resources and simplifies the related processing during NAT traversal.
  • information such as the feedback mode and type supported by the server can be obtained, which avoids the trouble that the information needs to be obtained by the out-of-band method in the RTSP mode.

Abstract

本发明公开一种流媒体反馈的实现方法、系统和装置,其中,所述方法包括:发送端发送流媒体数据时,将反馈消息的指示信息通过带内方式发送给接收端。采用本发明,可以方便地利用UDP/IP的双向通讯能力,实现带内消息反馈,节省了系统资源,简化了NAT穿越时的相关处理。

Description

一种流媒体反馈的实现方法、 系统和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及流媒体技术领域, 尤其涉及一种流媒体反馈的实现方法、 系 统和装置。
背景技术
随着互联网的普及和多媒体技术的发展, 流媒体技术的应用也越来越广 泛。 目前多媒体数据传输中, 大量的使用了运动图像专家组(Moving Pictures Experts Group, MPEG-2 )传输流( Transport Stream, TS ) , 例如交互式网络 电视(IPTV )业务、 数字视频广播 ( Digital Video Broadcasting, DVB )业务 等。 但是 MPEG-2 TS最初设计出来, 是用于广播系统的, 属于单向通讯。 而 现在的流媒体应用中, 已经越来越多的需要在服务器 (包括媒体感知的网络 设备 MANE )和终端之间使用双向通讯。 例如动态带宽适配、 丟包重传等体 验质量(Quality of Experience, QoE )相关的场景, 都需要终端能将本地的一 些情况反馈给服务器, 以便服务器作相关的 QoE策略。这种情况下, MPEG-2 TS只支持单向通讯的局限性就非常的明显, 不能满足相关的需求。
目前常见的做法, 是将 MPEG-2 TS码流承载在实时传输协议( Real-time Transport protocol, RTP )上, 然后利用 RTP控制协议( RTP Control Protocol, RTCP )的消息反馈通道实现双向通讯。但是这种做法,将 MPEG-2 TS与 RTP 绑定, 需要在 MPEG-2 TS的基础上, 再作一次 RTP封装, 降低了系统的传 输和处理效率。 而且 IETF的相关标准中也定义了多种 RTP规范 ( profile ) , 例如 RFC3551定义的 RTP/AVP profile, RFC4585定义了 RTP/AVPF profile„ 不同的 profile所支持的 RTCP消息类型和格式均有所不同。 具体使用哪一种 profile, 服务器通常是通过会话描述协议( Session Description Protocol, SDP ) 等带外方式通知终端的。 另外, RTCP属于带外反馈, 实际使用中也存在许 多不方便的地方, 例如防火墙穿越, 需要分别对 RTP通道和 RTCP通道进行 处理。 RTCP使用上, 也存在发送频率、 占用带宽等多方面的限制。 发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题就是提出一种流媒体反馈的实现方法和系统, 以克服现有技术使用带外反馈方式所造成的缺陷。
为了解决上述问题, 本发明提供一种流媒体反馈的实现方法, 包括: 发送端发送流媒体数据时, 将反馈消息的指示信息通过带内方式发送给 接收端。
优选地, 上述方法具有以下特点:
所述发送端将所述反馈消息的指示信息通过反馈指示消息包发送给所述 接收端; 或者, 通过将所述指示信息携带在媒体数据包中, 发送给所述接收 端。
优选地, 上述方法具有以下特点:
所述反馈消息的指示信息包括反馈规范的标识信息。
优选地, 上述方法具有以下特点:
所述反馈消息的指示信息还包括反馈消息的标识信息。
优选地, 上述方法具有以下特点:
所述接收端接收到所述反馈消息的指示信息后, 在有信息需要反馈时, 按照所述反馈规范, 生成反馈消息, 通过带内方式向所述发送端发送所述反 馈消息。
为了解决上述问题, 本发明提供一种流媒体反馈的实现系统, 包括发送 端和接收端, 其中,
所述发送端设置为发送流媒体数据时, 将反馈消息的指示信息通过带内 方式发送给接收端;
所述接收端设置为接收发送端发送的流媒体数据和反馈消息的指示信 息。
优选地, 上述系统具有以下特点:
所述发送端是设置为将所述反馈消息的指示信息通过反馈指示消息包发 送给所述接收端; 或者, 通过将所述指示信息携带在媒体数据包中, 发送给 所述接收端。
优选地, 上述系统具有以下特点:
所述反馈消息的指示信息包括反馈规范的标识信息。
优选地, 上述系统具有以下特点:
所述反馈消息的指示信息还包括反馈消息的标识信息。
优选地, 上述系统具有以下特点:
所述接收端是设置为接收到所述反馈消息的指示信息后, 在有信息需要 反馈时, 按照所述反馈规范, 生成反馈消息, 通过带内方式向所述发送端发 送所述反馈消息。
本发明还提供一种流媒体发送端, 其包括:
发送单元, 其设置为: 发送流媒体数据时, 将反馈消息的指示信息通过 带内方式发送给接收端。
上述流媒体发送端还可具有以下特点:
所述发送单元是设置为: 将所述反馈消息的指示信息通过反馈指示消息 包发送给所述接收端; 或者, 通过将所述指示信息携带在媒体数据包中, 发 送给所述接收端。
本发明还提供一种流媒体接收端, 其包括:
接收单元, 其设置为: 接收流媒体发送端通过带内方式发送的反馈消息 的指示信息。
上述流媒体接收端还可具有以下特点:
其还包括发送单元, 其设置为: 在有信息需要反馈时, 按照所述指示信 息中包含的反馈规范, 生成反馈消息, 通过带内方式向所述发送端发送所述 反馈消息。
釆用本发明的实施方式,可以方便地利用用户数据包协议( User Datagram
Protocol, UDP ) /IP的双向通讯能力, 实现带内消息反馈。 避免了 RTP情况 下, 对每路 RTP流, 都需要同时创建 RTP和 RTCP两个通道的做法, 节省了 系统资源, 简化了网络地址转换( Network Address Translation , NAT ) 穿越 时的相关处理。 而且, 只要终端可以接收到媒体码流, 就可以获取到服务器 所支持的反馈方式和类型等信息, 避免 了 实时流传输协议 ( Real Time Streaming Protocol, RTSP )方式下, 需要通过带外方式来获取该 信息所带来的麻烦。 附图概述
图 1本发明实施例的 UDP/IP进行带内消息反馈的示意图。
图 2是本发明实施例的流媒体反馈的实现方法的流程图。
图 3是本发明实施例的在媒体数据包中携带反馈消息的指示信息的示意 图。
图 4是本发明实施例的使用同一个传输通道发送媒体数据包和反馈指示 消息包的示意图。
图 5是本发明应用示例的一个应用场景示意图。
图 6是本发明实施例的流媒体反馈系统的结构示意图。 本发明的较佳实施方式
下文中将结合附图对本发明的实施例进行详细说明。 需要说明的是, 在 不冲突的情况下, 本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互任意组合。
本发明的实施方式利用互联网的双向通信能力,利用同一个 UDP/IP传输 通道, 实现带内的信息反馈。 发送端通过在码流中增加相关的信息, 通知接 收端, 系统所支持的反馈消息类型和格式, 激活接收端启动相应的反馈功能, 如图 1所示。
如图 2所示, 本发明实施例包括如下步骤:
步骤 201 , 发送端发送流媒体数据时, 将反馈消息的指示信息通过带内 方式发送给接收端。
所述反馈消息的指示信息可包括反馈规范的标识信息, 还可以包括反馈 消息的标识信息。
其中, 反馈规范的标识信息用于说明发送端 (服务器)所支持的反馈规 范, 反馈消息的标识信息用于说明如何识别某个数据包是反馈消息, 即接收 端向发送端发送反馈消息时, 该消息中也携带此标识信息, 以便接收端识别。
可定义不同的反馈规范, 类似于不同的 RTP profile。 不同的规范可以支 持不同的消息类型, 可定义自己的消息格式, 有自己的唯一标识。
发送端可以通过将所述指示信息携带在媒体数据包中 (在媒体包中增加 扩展字段等方式) , 发送给所述接收端 (如图 3所示) , 也可以将所述反馈 消息的指示信息通过反馈指示消息包(定义特定的数据包格式)发送给所述 接收端 (如图 4所示) 。
在本步骤中, 发送端在发送流媒体数据的同时, 按照上述方式, 同时将 反馈信令的指示信息通过流媒体数据的传输通道发送出去。
步骤 202 , 接收端接收到所述反馈消息的指示信息后, 在有信息需要反 馈时, 按照所述反馈规范, 生成反馈消息, 通过带内方式向所述发送端发送 所述反馈消息。
接收端发送的反馈消息中可携带所述反馈消息的标识信息, 以告知发送 端该消息为反馈消息。
对于不支持相应反馈规范的接收端, 可以忽略该信息, 不激活反馈机制; 步骤 203 , 发送端收到反馈消息后, 按相关策略进行处理。
下面以一具体的应用示例进一步说明本发明。
本应用示例为利用 MPEG-2 TS实现反馈机制的双向通讯方法。釆用如下 的技术方案, 对 MPEG-2 TS作扩展:
在节目映射表( Program Map Table , PMT ) 中增加一个节目级别的 fb_profile_descriptor (反馈规范描述符) , 定义如下:
Figure imgf000007_0001
(位
数)
fb_profile_descriptor() {
descriptor— tag (描述符标签 ) 8 uimsbf (无符号整数) descriptor— length (描述符长度 ) 8 uimsbf
identifier (标识符 ) 32 uimsbf }
其中 descriptor— tag= 127 , 表明该 descriptor为 fee— signal— descriptor (反馈 信号描述符) 。 其他各字段的含义如下:
identifier —— 表明所釆用的反馈规范, 例如当为 ASCII字符 "ZFBP" 时, 表明反馈消息的格式等遵循本实施例中的相关规定。
增力口一个;克类型( stream— type )值, 用于标 i只反馈 例^口 stream— type 值为 OxFE时, 表示具有相应分组标识符(Packet Identifier, PID )值的基本 流 ( Elementary Stream, ES )为反馈流;
增加反馈消息的格式定义。例如当 fb_profile— descriptor中的 identifier值 为 ASCII字符 "ZFBP" 时, 反馈消息的格式定义如下:
Figure imgf000008_0001
message— length 12 uimsbf message type 8 uimsbf for(i=0; i<message— length; i++)
{
specific— message— data 8 bslbf
}
descriptor— loop— length 16 uimsbf for(i=0; i<N; i++)
{
message— descriptorO
}
CRC— 32 32 rpchof
}
其中各字段的含义如下:
table— id (表标 i只) 用于标 i只该 section类型为 fb— message— section
(反馈消息段) , 取值为 OxFO;
section— syntax— indicator (段句法标识符) 取值为 0 , 含义参见
MPEG-2 TS标准《ISO/IEC 13818-1 :2007》 中, 关于 private— section (私有段) 的相关定义;
private— indicator (私有标识符 ) 取值为 0;
private— section— length (私有段长度 ) fb— message— section 中 , 在 private— section— length字段之后的数据长度;
protocol— version —— 协议号, 取值为 0。 如果将来对消息格式、 参数等 有修改, 则可以通过设置不同的 protocol— version值来标识;
message— length 指消息的长度 , 即 specific— message— data部分; message— type —— 不同的取值,表明不同的消息类型, 例如反馈网络状 况的消息、 反馈终端緩存状态的消息等。 不同的消息类型, 会有不同的数据 结构, 即 specific— message— data部分, 可以才艮据 message— type值的不同, 定义 不同的格式;
descriptor— loop— length ( 4 述符循环长度 ) 指 message— descriptor() 列表的数据长度;
message— descriptor (消息描述符) —— 用于扩展性的需要, 例如某些 类型的消息, 可能会有一些可选的参数, 那么可以通过定义不同类型的 message— descriptor()结构来提供;
CRC— 32 —— 用于对数据提供校验的, 参见 MPEG-2 TS标准中的相关 定义。
图 5为利用上述扩展的 MPEG-2 TS作信令反馈的应用场景,其中所有的 设备均支持本应用示例中对 MPEG-2 TS的扩展。
首先编码器或上级服务器等设备, 将增加了反馈消息扩展的 MPEG-2 TS 直播码流通过互联网络进行组播 /广播。 该 MPEG-2 TS直播码流可携带反馈 规范的标识信息(比如 identifier为 ASCII字符 "ZFBP" ) 以及反馈消息的标 识信息 (比如 stream— type值为 "OxFE" 所对应的 PID值) 。
边缘的转发设备, 例如服务器或者是可以感知媒体的转发设备, 接收到 该组播码流后, 再将其转发给终端。
终端根据 TS码流中指定的反馈规范(比如 "ZFBP"对应的反馈规范 ) , 构造反馈消息 (即相应 TS头中的 PID字段的值, 需要是 PMT中指定的, stream— type值为 "OxFE" 的 PID值)发送给边缘转发设备。 边缘设备收到终 端的反馈后, 按相关的策略进行处理。 例如可以根据终端反馈的网络状况, 对所发送的码流进行调整, 以适应终端的网络状况。 比如说, 如果是 SVC ( Scalable Video Coding, 可扩展视频编码 )的码流, 那么对于网络状况比 较差的终端, 边缘设备可以只转发基本层的数据, 而对于网络状况比较好的 终端, 则可以同时转发基本层和增强层的数据。 相应地, 图 6为本发明实施例的流媒体反馈的实现系统, 包括发送端和 接收端, 其中,
所述发送端设置为发送流媒体数据时, 将反馈消息的指示信息通过带内 方式发送给接收端;
所述接收端设置为接收发送端发送的流媒体数据和反馈消息的指示信 息。
所述发送端可设置为将所述反馈消息的指示信息通过反馈指示消息包发 送给所述接收端; 或者, 通过将所述指示信息携带在媒体数据包中, 发送给 所述接收端。
所述接收端可设置为接收到所述反馈消息的指示信息后, 在有信息需要 反馈时, 按照反馈规范, 生成反馈消息, 通过带内方式向所述发送端发送所 述反馈消息。
相应的, 本发明实施例的发送端, 包括:
发送单元, 其设置为: 发送流媒体数据时, 将反馈消息的指示信息通过 带内方式发送给接收端。
可选的, 发送单元可设置为: 将所述反馈消息的指示信息通过反馈指示 消息包发送给所述接收端; 或者, 通过将所述指示信息携带在媒体数据包中, 发送给所述接收端。 本发明实施例的接收端, 包括:
接收单元, 其设置为: 接收流媒体发送端通过带内方式发送的反馈消息 的指示信息。
可选的, 接收端还可以包括:
发送单元, 其设置为: 在有信息需要反馈时, 按照所述指示信息中包含 的反馈规范, 生成反馈消息, 通过带内方式向所述发送端发送所述反馈消息。
综上所述, 本发明的实施方式在流媒体业务中, 利用互联网的双向通讯 能力, 实现带内反馈的方法和系统。 即发送端在传送媒体码流的同时, 将发 送端所支持的信令反馈方式和类型, 通过带内方式通知接收端, 触发接收端 进行带内信令反馈。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解上述方法中的全部或部分步骤可通过程序 来指令相关硬件完成, 所述程序可以存储于计算机可读存储介质中, 如只读 存储器、 磁盘或光盘等。 可选地, 上述实施例的全部或部分步骤也可以使用 一个或多个集成电路来实现, 相应地, 上述实施例中的各模块 /单元可以釆用 硬件的形式实现, 也可以釆用软件功能模块的形式实现。 本发明不限制于任 何特定形式的硬件和软件的结合。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已, 并不用于限制本发明, 对于本 领域的技术人员来说, 本发明可以有各种更改和变化。 凡在本发明的精神和 原则之内, 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保护 范围之内。
工业实用性
釆用本发明的实施方式,可以方便地利用 UDP/IP的双向通讯能力, 实现 带内消息反馈。 避免了 RTP情况下, 对每路 RTP流, 都需要同时创建 RTP 和 RTCP两个通道的做法,节省了系统资源,简化了 NAT穿越时的相关处理。 而且, 只要终端可以接收到媒体码流, 就可以获取到服务器所支持的反馈方 式和类型等信息, 避免了 RTSP方式下, 需要通过带外方式来获取该信息所 带来的麻烦。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种流媒体反馈的实现方法, 其包括:
发送端发送流媒体数据时, 将反馈消息的指示信息通过带内方式发送给 接收端。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中,
所述发送端将所述反馈消息的指示信息通过反馈指示消息包发送给所述 接收端; 或者, 通过将所述指示信息携带在媒体数据包中, 发送给所述接收 端。
3、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的方法, 其中,
所述反馈消息的指示信息包括反馈规范的标识信息。
4、 如权利要求 3所述的方法, 其中,
所述反馈消息的指示信息还包括反馈消息的标识信息。
5、 如权利要求 3所述的方法, 其还包括:
所述接收端接收到所述反馈消息的指示信息后, 在有信息需要反馈时, 按照所述反馈规范, 生成反馈消息, 通过带内方式向所述发送端发送所述反 馈消息。
6、 一种流媒体反馈的实现系统, 其包括发送端和接收端, 其中, 所述发送端设置为: 发送流媒体数据时, 将反馈消息的指示信息通过带 内方式发送给接收端;
所述接收端设置为: 接收发送端发送的流媒体数据和反馈消息的指示信 息。
7、 如权利要求 6所述的系统, 其中,
所述发送端是设置为: 将所述反馈消息的指示信息通过反馈指示消息包 发送给所述接收端; 或者, 通过将所述指示信息携带在媒体数据包中, 发送 给所述接收端。
8、 如权利要求 6或 7所述的系统, 其中, 所述反馈消息的指示信息包括反馈规范的标识信息。
9、 如权利要求 8所述的系统, 其中,
所述反馈消息的指示信息还包括反馈消息的标识信息。
10、 如权利要求 6或 7所述的系统, 其特征在于,
所述接收端是设置为接收到所述反馈消息的指示信息后, 在有信息需要 反馈时, 按照所述反馈规范, 生成反馈消息, 通过带内方式向所述发送端发 送所述反馈消息。
11、 一种流媒体发送端, 其包括:
发送单元, 其设置为: 发送流媒体数据时, 将反馈消息的指示信息通过 带内方式发送给接收端。
12、 如权利要求 11所述的流媒体发送端, 其中,
所述发送单元是设置为: 将所述反馈消息的指示信息通过反馈指示消息 包发送给所述接收端; 或者, 通过将所述指示信息携带在媒体数据包中, 发 送给所述接收端。
13、 一种流媒体接收端, 其包括:
接收单元, 其设置为: 接收流媒体发送端通过带内方式发送的反馈消息 的指示信息。
14、 如权利要求 13所述的流媒体接收端, 其还包括
发送单元, 其设置为: 在有信息需要反馈时, 按照所述指示信息中包含 的反馈规范, 生成反馈消息, 通过带内方式向所述发送端发送所述反馈消息。
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