WO2012089231A1 - Paramyxovirus vaccines - Google Patents

Paramyxovirus vaccines Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012089231A1
WO2012089231A1 PCT/EP2010/007995 EP2010007995W WO2012089231A1 WO 2012089231 A1 WO2012089231 A1 WO 2012089231A1 EP 2010007995 W EP2010007995 W EP 2010007995W WO 2012089231 A1 WO2012089231 A1 WO 2012089231A1
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Prior art keywords
virus
polynucleotide
protein
rsv
expression system
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PCT/EP2010/007995
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French (fr)
Inventor
Alessandra Vitelli
Alfredo Nicosia
Riccardo Cortese
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Okairos AG
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Okairos AG
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Priority to PCT/EP2010/007995 priority Critical patent/WO2012089231A1/en
Priority to CA2821111A priority patent/CA2821111A1/en
Priority to US13/976,873 priority patent/US20140141042A1/en
Priority to BR112013016823A priority patent/BR112013016823A2/en
Priority to EP21158524.5A priority patent/EP3868397A1/en
Priority to SG10201510760WA priority patent/SG10201510760WA/en
Priority to HRP20210750TT priority patent/HRP20210750T1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2011/074307 priority patent/WO2012089833A2/en
Priority to DK11805889.0T priority patent/DK2658573T3/en
Priority to PL11805889T priority patent/PL2658573T3/en
Priority to EP11805889.0A priority patent/EP2658573B1/en
Priority to ES11805889T priority patent/ES2869199T3/en
Priority to CN201180063466.0A priority patent/CN103442731B/en
Priority to LTEP11805889.0T priority patent/LT2658573T/en
Priority to AU2011351380A priority patent/AU2011351380A1/en
Priority to HUE11805889A priority patent/HUE053986T2/en
Priority to MX2013007716A priority patent/MX352205B/en
Priority to RU2013135498A priority patent/RU2609645C2/en
Priority to SI201131973T priority patent/SI2658573T1/en
Priority to KR1020137017082A priority patent/KR102070463B1/en
Priority to JP2013546722A priority patent/JP6324725B2/en
Priority to SG2013041348A priority patent/SG190919A1/en
Priority to NZ610743A priority patent/NZ610743A/en
Priority to PT118058890T priority patent/PT2658573T/en
Publication of WO2012089231A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012089231A1/en
Priority to IL226551A priority patent/IL226551B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to US15/068,115 priority patent/US20170049879A1/en
Priority to JP2017004556A priority patent/JP2017079787A/en
Priority to AU2017203189A priority patent/AU2017203189B2/en
Priority to US16/800,384 priority patent/US11701422B2/en
Priority to CY20211100421T priority patent/CY1124146T1/en
Priority to US18/200,421 priority patent/US20240075125A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/12—Viral antigens
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/12—Viral antigens
    • A61K39/145—Orthomyxoviridae, e.g. influenza virus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/08—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses
    • C07K16/10—RNA viruses
    • C07K16/11—Paramyxoviridae (F); Pneumoviridae (F), e.g. respiratory syncytial virus [RSV]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/12—Viral antigens
    • A61K39/155—Paramyxoviridae, e.g. parainfluenza virus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
    • A61P31/16—Antivirals for RNA viruses for influenza or rhinoviruses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/005—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from viruses
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
    • C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
    • C12N15/85—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
    • C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
    • C12N15/85—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells
    • C12N15/86—Viral vectors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/51—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising whole cells, viruses or DNA/RNA
    • A61K2039/53—DNA (RNA) vaccination
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
    • C07K2317/76—Antagonist effect on antigen, e.g. neutralization or inhibition of binding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2710/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA dsDNA viruses
    • C12N2710/00011—Details
    • C12N2710/10011—Adenoviridae
    • C12N2710/10311—Mastadenovirus, e.g. human or simian adenoviruses
    • C12N2710/10341—Use of virus, viral particle or viral elements as a vector
    • C12N2710/10343—Use of virus, viral particle or viral elements as a vector viral genome or elements thereof as genetic vector
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2760/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA ssRNA viruses negative-sense
    • C12N2760/00011—Details
    • C12N2760/18011—Paramyxoviridae
    • C12N2760/18511—Pneumovirus, e.g. human respiratory syncytial virus
    • C12N2760/18522—New viral proteins or individual genes, new structural or functional aspects of known viral proteins or genes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2760/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA ssRNA viruses negative-sense
    • C12N2760/00011—Details
    • C12N2760/18011—Paramyxoviridae
    • C12N2760/18511—Pneumovirus, e.g. human respiratory syncytial virus
    • C12N2760/18534—Use of virus or viral component as vaccine, e.g. live-attenuated or inactivated virus, VLP, viral protein
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2800/00—Nucleic acids vectors
    • C12N2800/22—Vectors comprising a coding region that has been codon optimised for expression in a respective host
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2840/00—Vectors comprising a special translation-regulating system
    • C12N2840/20—Vectors comprising a special translation-regulating system translation of more than one cistron

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an expression system of polynucleotides encoding proteins of paramyxovirus, preferably of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and compositions of paramyxovirus virus proteins, preferably of RSV.
  • the invention further relates to protein mixtures encoded by the expression system and cells comprising the expression system or the protein mixture and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the expression system or the protein mixture.
  • the expression system, polynucleotides, proteins, cells, and pharmaceutical compositions are useful in the prophylaxis or treatment of paramyxovirus infection.
  • Enveloped viruses such as orthomyxoviruses, paramyxoviruses, retroviruses, flaviviruses, rhabdoviruses and alphaviruses, are surrounded by a lipid bilayer originating from the host plasma membrane (1).
  • the enveloped virus designated as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important cause of viral lower respiratory tract illness (LRTI) in infants and children worldwide (2).
  • RSV respiratory syncytial virus
  • LRTI viral lower respiratory tract illness
  • RSV is responsible for at least 50% of hospitalisations for respiratory disease in children, and up to 6% of all RSV infections in children result in hospitalisation (4).
  • RSV infection does not provoke lasting immunity, so that human hosts experience lifelong cycles of infection and re-infection.
  • RSV also causes severe disease in the elderly and immunocompromised individuals (5).
  • the burden of RSV disease in the elderly is comparable to that of seasonal influenza and the economic impact of RSV-related disease in adults is estimated to be greater than that of influenza in relation to numbers of days lost from work (6, 7).
  • Monoclonal antibody prophylaxis is effective in reducing RSV hospitalisations by 50% in infants at high risk of severe disease (8).
  • RSV vaccine or anti-viral therapy there is currently no effective RSV vaccine or anti-viral therapy.
  • a RSV vaccine capable of inducing neutralizing antibody response and potent and broad T cell response for priming a T cell responses in individuals who have not yet been infected with RSV (infants) or for boosting a preexisting T cell response in individuals who need to 'reset' the memory response to higher levels (elderly) is especially desirable.
  • the invention provides in a first aspect an expression system comprising a first polynucleotide encoding at least one viral protein of a paramyxovirus or variant thereof, which induces a T cell response and a second polynucleotide encoding at least one viral protein of a paramyxovirus or variant thereof, which induces a B cell response.
  • the invention provides an isolated protein mixture encoded by the expression system of the first aspect.
  • the invention provides an isolated host cell containing the expression system of the first aspect and/or the protein mixture of the second aspect.
  • the present invention provides a composition comprising the expression system of the first aspect, or the protein mixture of the second aspect, and a pharmaceutical acceptable carrier and/or excipient.
  • the present invention provides the expression system of the first aspect, the protein mixture of the second aspect, the cell of the third aspect and the composition of the fourth aspect, for the use in the treatment or prevention of a viral disease.
  • the present invention provides for a method of treatment or prevention of a viral disease comprising the administration of an effective amount of the expression system of the first aspect, the protein mixture of the second aspect, the cell of the third aspect and the composition of the fourth aspect.
  • Fig.l Schematic Diagram of the RSV vaccine polyprotein.
  • conFO consensus sequence of the F protein
  • 2A translational cleavage site of the Foot and Mouth Disease virus
  • conN consensus sequence of the N protein
  • conM2-l consensus of the M2-1 protein.
  • Fig.2 The vaccine antigen F0ATM-N-M2-1 is efficiently processed in mammalian cells.
  • RSV transf HeLa cells transfected with F0ATM-N-M2-1.
  • RSV inf Hep2 cells infected with RSV strain A
  • Fig.3 The secreted F protein forms a homotrimer.
  • Fig.4 The F protein expressed from the vaccine polyprotein is a better immunogen than the F protein alone.
  • Fig.5 The RSV vaccine induced potent systemic T cell immunity in mice by a single intramuscular injection. IFNg-Elispot assay of splenocytes of PanAd3/ F0ATM-N-M2-1 immunized Balb/C mice using mapped immunodominant peptides from RSV F and M proteins.
  • the terms used herein are defined as described in "A multilingual glossary of biotechnological terms: (IUPAC Recommendations)", Leuenberger, H.G.W, Nagel, B. and Kolbl, H. eds. (1995), Helvetica Chimica Acta, CH-4010 Basel, Switzerland).
  • F or "F0” are used interchangeably herein and refer to the Fusion protein of paramyxoviruses, preferably of RSV.
  • G refers to the Glycoprotein of paramyxoviruses, preferably of pneumovirinae, more preferably of RSV.
  • H refers to the Hemagglutinin Protein of paramyxoviruses, preferably of morbilliviruses.
  • HN refers to the Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Protein of paramyxoviruses, particularly of Respirovirus, Avulavirus and Rubulavirus.
  • N refers to the Nucleocapsid protein of paramyxoviruses, preferably of RSV.
  • M refers to the glycosylated Matrix protein of paramyxoviruses, preferably of RSV.
  • M2 refers to the non-glycosylated Matrix protein of paramyxoviruses, preferably of RSV.
  • P refers to the Phosphoprotein of paramyxoviruses, preferably of
  • NS1 and NS2 refer to the non-structural proteins 1 and 2 of paramyxoviruses, preferably of RSV.
  • L refers to the catalytic subunit of the polymerase of paramyxoviruses, preferably of RSV.
  • expression system refers to a system designed to produce one or more gene products of interest. Typically, such system is designed “artificially”, i.e. by gene- technological means usable to produce the gene product of interest either in vitro in cell-free systems or in vivo in cell-based systems. It is understood that naturally occurring expression systems such as for instance native viruses are not encompassed by the expression system of the present invention.
  • the "gene product of interest” typically refers to a macromolecule such as but not limited to RNA, peptide, polypeptide, or protein, or segment, epitope, or fragment thereof.
  • nucleic acid molecules are understood as a polymeric macromolecules made from nucleotide monomers. Nucleotide monomers are composed of a nucleobase, a five- carbon sugar (such as but not limited to ribose or 2'-deoxyribose), and one to three phosphate groups. Typically, a polynucleotide is formed through phosphodiester bonds between the individual nucleotide monomers.
  • nucleic acid molecules include but are not limited to ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
  • RNA ribonucleic acid
  • DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
  • polynucleotides are used as template for in vitro translation reactions.
  • polynucleotides are comprised on one or more vectors.
  • vector refers to a protein or a polynucleotide or a mixture thereof which is capable of being introduced or of introducing the proteins and/or nucleic acid comprised therein into a cell.
  • suitable vectors include but are not limited to plasmids, cosmids, phages, viruses or artificial chromosomes.
  • T cell response refers to the generation or the re-stimulation of virus specific CD4+ or CD8+ T cells.
  • the expression system of the invention can induce or re- stimulate a T cell mediated adaptive response directed to the MHC class I or class II epitopes present in the viral proteins expressed by the polynucleotide.
  • T cell response can be measured by art known methods, preferably by ex-vivo re-stimulation of T cells with synthetic peptides spanning the entire viral proteins and analysis of proliferation or Interferon-gamma production.
  • the phrase "induction of B cell response” refers to the generation or the re-stimulation of virus specific B cells producing immunoglobulins of class IgG or IgA.
  • the expression system of the invention can induce or re-stimulate B cells producing antibodies specific for viral antigens expressed by the polynucleotide.
  • B cell response can be measured by ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immuno Stained Assay) assay with the synthetic antigen of serum or mucosal immunoglobulin.
  • the induced antibody titer can be measured by virus neutralization assays.
  • a gene of interest may be encoded by a single polynucleotide or by several separate polynucleotides.
  • one or more polynucleotides may be comprised on a single or on several separate vectors. Each of these polynucleotides may encode the whole or a part of the gene product of interest.
  • expression systems may encompass "expression control sequences" that regulate the expression of the gene of interest.
  • expression control sequences are polypeptides or polynucleotides such as but not limited to promoters, enhancers, silencers, insulators, or repressors.
  • a vector comprising one or more polynucleotides encoding for one or more gene products of interest may comprise further expression control sequences.
  • the expression may be controlled together or separately by one or more expression control sequences. More specifically, each polynucleotide comprised on the vector may be control by a separate expression control sequence or all polynucleotides comprised on the vector may be controlled by a single expression control sequence.
  • Polynucleotides comprised on a single vector controlled by a single expression control sequences preferably form an open reading frame.
  • expression system further encompasses the expression of the gene product of interest comprising the transcription of the polynucleotides, RNA splicing, translation into a polypeptide, and post-translational modification of a polypeptide or protein.
  • ORF open reading frame
  • ORF refers to a sequence of nucleotides, that can be translated into amino acids.
  • such an ORF contains a start codon, a subsequent region usually having a length which is a multiple of 3 nucleotides, but does not contain a stop codon (TAG, TAA, TGA, UAG, UAA, or UGA) in the given reading frame.
  • stop codon TAG, TAA, TGA, UAG, UAA, or UGA
  • ORFs occur naturally or are constructed artificially, i.e. by gene-technological means.
  • An ORF codes for a protein where the amino acids into which it can be translated form a peptide-linked chain.
  • protein and “polypeptide” are used interchangeably herein and refer to any peptide-linked chain of amino acids, regardless of length or post-translational modification.
  • post-translational refers to events that occur after the translation of a nucleotide triplet into an amino acid and the formation of a peptide bond to the proceeding amino acid in the sequence. Such post-translational events may occur after the entire polypeptide was formed or already during the translation process on those parts of the polypeptide that have already been translated. Post-translational events typically alter or modify the chemical or structural properties of the resultant polypeptide. Examples of post-translational events include but are not limited to events such as glycosylation or phosphorylation of amino acids, or cleavage of the peptide chain, e.g. by an endopeptidase.
  • co-translational refers to events that occur during the translation process of a nucleotide triplet into an amino acid chain. Those events typically alter or modify the chemical or structural properties of the resultant amino acid chain. Examples of co- translational events include but are not limited to events that may stop the translation process entirely or interrupted the peptide bond formation resulting in two discreet translation products.
  • polyprotein refers to an amino acid chain that comprises, or essentially consists of or consists of two amino acid chains that are not naturally connected to each other.
  • the polyprotein may comprise one or more further amino acid chains.
  • Each amino acid chain is preferably a complete protein, i.e. spanning an entire ORF, or a fragment, domain or epitope thereof.
  • the individual parts of a polyprotein may either be permanently or temporarily connected to each other. Parts of a polyprotein that are permanently connected are translated from a single ORF and are not later separated co- or post-translationally.
  • Parts of polyproteins that are connected temporarily may also derive from a single ORF but are divided co-translationally due to separation during the translation process or post-translationally due to cleavage of the peptide chain, e.g. by an endopeptidase. Additionally or alternatively, parts of a polyprotein may also be derived from two different ORF and are connected post-translationally, for instance through covalent bonds.
  • Proteins or polyproteins usable in the present invention can be further modified by chemical modification.
  • This means such a chemically modified polypeptide comprises other chemical groups than the 20 naturally occurring amino acids. Examples of such other chemical groups include without limitation glycosylated amino acids and phosphorylated amino acids.
  • Chemical modifications of a polypeptide may provide advantageous properties as compared to the parent polypeptide, e.g. one or more of enhanced stability, increased biological half-life, or increased water solubility.
  • Chemical modifications applicable to the variants usable in the present invention include without limitation: PEGylation, glycosylation of non-glycosylated parent polypeptides, or the modification of the glycosylation pattern present in the parent polypeptide. Such chemical modifications applicable to the variants usable in the present invention may occur co- or post-translational.
  • segment refers to any part of a macromolecule (e.g. a polypeptide, protein or polyprotein) into which this macromolecule can be divided.
  • a macromolecule may consist of one or more segments. Such segmentation may exist due to functional (e.g. having immunoreactive features or membrane attachment functions) or structural (e.g. nucleotide or amino acid sequence, or secondary or tertiary structure) properties of the macromolecule and/or the individual segment.
  • functional e.g. having immunoreactive features or membrane attachment functions
  • structural e.g. nucleotide or amino acid sequence, or secondary or tertiary structure
  • an “epitope”, also known as antigenic determinant, is the segment of a macromolecule that is recognized by the immune system, specifically by antibodies, B cells, or T cells. Such epitope is that part or segment of a macromolecule capable of binding to an antibody or antigen- binding fragment thereof.
  • binding preferably relates to a specific binding.
  • epitopes usually consist of chemically active surface groupings of molecules such as amino acids or sugar side chains and usually have specific three-dimensional structural characteristics, as well as specific charge characteristics. Conformational and non-conformational epitopes are distinguished in that the binding to the former but not the latter is lost in the presence of denaturing solvents.
  • domain refers to the segment of a protein or polyprotein sequence or structure (or corresponding nucleotide sequence) that can evolve, function, and/or exist independently of the rest of the protein chain.
  • a protein consists of one or several domains with each of them being three-dimensional structure that are stable and folded independently of the rest of the protein chain.
  • Such domain typically forms an independent functional unit within the protein (e.g. transmembrane-domains, immunoglobulin-like domains, or DNA-binding domains).
  • protein or segment "variant” is to be understood as a polypeptide (or segment) which differs in comparison to the polypeptide (or segment, epitop, or domain) from which it is derived by one or more changes in the amino acid sequence.
  • the polypeptide from which a protein variant is derived is also known as the parent polypeptide.
  • the segment from which a segment variant is derived from is known as the parent segment.
  • a variant is constructed artificially, preferably by gene-technological means.
  • the parent polypeptide is a wild-type protein or wild-type protein domain.
  • a parent polypeptide is the consensus sequence of two or more wild-type polypeptides (or wild-type segments).
  • the variants usable in the present invention may also be derived from homologs, orthologs, or paralogs of the parent polypeptide or from artificially constructed variant, provided that the variant exhibits at least one biological activity of the parent polypeptide.
  • the changes in the amino acid sequence may be amino acid exchanges, insertions, deletions, N-terminal truncations, or C-terminal truncations, or any combination of these changes, which may occur at one or several sites.
  • a variant usable in the present invention exhibits a total number of up to 200 (up to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 1 10, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, or 200) changes in the amino acid sequence (i.e. exchanges, insertions, deletions, N-terminal truncations, and/or C-terminal truncations).
  • the amino acid exchanges may be conservative and/or non-conservative.
  • a variant usable in the present invention differs from the protein or domain from which it is derived by up to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, or 100 amino acid exchanges, preferably conservative amino acid changes.
  • a "variant" as used herein can be characterized by a certain degree of sequence identity to the parent polypeptide or parent polynucleotide from which it is derived. More precisely, a protein variant in the context of the present invention exhibits at least 80% sequence identity to its parent polypeptide. A polynucleotide variant in the context of the present invention exhibits at least 80% sequence identity to its parent polynucleotide.
  • the sequence identity of protein variants is over a continuous stretch of 20, 30, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 or more amino acids.
  • the sequence identity of polynucleotide variants is over a continuous stretch of 60, 90, 120, 135, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300 or more nucleotides.
  • sequence identity is used throughout the specification with regard to polypeptide and polynucleotide sequence comparisons. This expression preferably refers to a sequence identity of at least 80%, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%», at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% to the respective reference polypeptide or to the respective reference polynucleotide.
  • the polypeptide in question and the reference polypeptide exhibit the indicated sequence identity over a continuous stretch of 20, 30, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 or more amino acids or over the entire length of the reference polypeptide.
  • the polynucleotide in question and the reference polynucleotide exhibit the indicated sequence identity over a continuous stretch of 60, 90, 120, 135, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300 or more nucleotides or over the entire length of the reference polypeptide.
  • Variants may additionally or alternatively comprise deletions of amino acids, which may be N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations or internal deletions or any combination of these.
  • Such variants comprising N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations and/or internal deletions are referred to as "deletion variant” or "fragments" in the context of the present application.
  • the terms “deletion variant” and “fragment” are used interchangeably herein.
  • a fragment may be naturally occurring (e.g. splice variants) or it may be constructed artificially, preferably by gene-technological means.
  • a fragment has a deletion of up to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, or 100 amino acids at its N-terminus and/or at its C-terminus and/or internally as compared to the parent polypeptide, preferably at its N-terminus, at its N- and C-terminus, or at its C-terminus.
  • sequence identity is to be calculated with reference to the longer of the two sequences to be compared, if not specifically indicated otherwise.
  • sequence identity is determined on the basis of the full length of the reference sequence indicated by SEQ ID, if not specifically indicated otherwise.
  • a peptide sequence consisting of 50 amino acids compared to the amino acid sequence of protein F according to SEQ ID NO: 1 may exhibit a maximum sequence identity percentage of 10.04% (50/498) while a sequence with a length of 249 amino acids may exhibit a maximum sequence identity percentage of 50.00% (249/498).
  • sequence alignments can be carried out with several art-known algorithms, preferably with the mathematical algorithm of Karlin and Altschul (Karlin & Altschul (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 5873-5877), with hmmalign (HMMER package, http://hmmer.wustl.edu ) or with the CLUSTAL algorithm (Thompson, J. D., Higgins, D. G. & Gibson, T. J. (1994) Nucleic Acids Res. 22, 4673-80) available e.g.
  • sequence identity may be calculated using e.g. BLAST, BLAT or BlastZ (or BlastX).
  • Gapped BLAST is utilized as described in Altschul et al. (1997) Nucleic Acids Res.
  • a nucleic acid sequence encoding F, N, or M2-1, or a portion of any of these can be used as a hybridization probe according to standard hybridization techniques.
  • the hybridization of an F, N, or M2-1 probe to DNA or RNA from a test source is an indication of the presence of the F DNA or RNA, N DNA or RNA, or M2-1 DNA or RNA, respectively, in the test source.
  • Hybridization conditions are known to those skilled in the art and can be found, for example, in Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons, N. Y., 6.3.1-6.3.6, 1991.
  • Mode hybridization conditions are defined as equivalent to hybridization in 2X sodium chloride/sodium citrate (SSC) at 30°C, followed by a wash in IX SSC, 0.1% SDS at 50°C.
  • Highly stringent conditions are defined as equivalent to hybridization in 6X sodium chloride/sodium citrate (SSC) at 45°C, followed by a wash in 0.2 X SSC, 0.1 % SDS at 65°C.
  • a deletion variant may occur not due to structural deletions of the respective amino acids as described above, but due to these amino acids being inhibited or otherwise not able to fulfill their biological function.
  • such functional deletion occurs due to the insertions to or exchanges in the amino acid sequence that changes the functional properties of the resultant protein, such as but not limited to alterations in the chemical properties of the resultant protein (i.e. exchange of hydrophobic amino acids to hydrophilic amino acids), alterations in the post-translational modifications of the resultant protein (e.g. post-translational cleavage or glycosylation pattern), or alterations in the secondary or tertiary protein structure.
  • a functional deletion may also occur due to transcriptional or post- transcriptional gene silencing (e.g. via siRNA) or the presence or absence of inhibitory molecules such as but not limited to protein inhibitors or inhibitory antibodies.
  • a protein or a segment or a domain or an epitope being “functionally deleted” refers to the fact that the amino acids or nucleotides of the corresponding sequence are either deleted or present but not fulfilling their biological function.
  • the term "consensus” refers to an amino acid or nucleotide sequence that represents the results of a multiple sequence alignment, wherein related sequences were compared to each other. Such consensus sequence is composed of the amino acids or nucleotides most commonly observed at each position.
  • sequences used in the sequence alignment to obtain the consensus sequence are sequences of different viral subtypes strains isolated in various different disease outbreaks worldwide. Each individual sequence used in the sequence alignment is referred to as the sequence of a particular virus "isolate”. A more detailed description of the mathematical methods to obtain such consensus is provided in the Example section.
  • a “peptide linker” in the context of the present invention refers to an amino acid sequence of between 1 and 100 amino acids.
  • a peptide linker according to the present invention has a minimum length of at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 1 1, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, or 30 amino acids.
  • a peptide linker according to the present invention has a maximum length of 100, 95, 90, 85, 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, 50, 45, 40, 35, 34, 33, 32, 31, 30, 29, 28, 27, 26, 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, or 15 amino acids or less.
  • peptide linkers provide flexibility among the two amino acid proteins, fragments, segments, epitopes and/or domains that are linked together. Such flexibility is generally increased if the amino acids are small.
  • the peptide linker of the present invention has an increased content of small amino acids, in particular of glycins, alanines, serines, threonines, leucines and isoleucines.
  • more than 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% or more of the amino acids of the peptide linker are small amino acids.
  • the amino acids of the linker are selected from glycines and serines.
  • the above-indicated preferred minimum and maximum lengths of the peptide linker according to the present invention may be combined, if such a combination makes mathematically sense.
  • the peptide linker of the present invention is non-immunogenic; in particularly preferred embodiments, the peptide linker is non-immunogenic to humans.
  • cleavage site refers to an amino acid sequence or nucleotide sequence where this sequence directs the division, e.g. because it is recognized by a cleaving enzyme, and/or can be divided.
  • a polypeptide chain is cleaved by hydrolysis of one or more peptide bonds that link the amino acids and a polynucleotide chain is cleaved by hydrolysis of one or more of the phosphodiester bond between the nucleotides. Cleavage of peptide- or phosphodiester-bonds may originate from chemical or enzymatic cleavage.
  • Enzymatic cleavage refers to such cleavage being attained by proteolytic enzymes including but not limited to restriction endonuclease (e.g. type I, type II, type II, type IV or artificial restriction enzymes) and endo- or exo-peptidases or -proteases (e.g. serine-proteases, cysteine-proteases, metallo- proteases, threonine proteases, aspartate proteases, glutamic acid proteases).
  • restriction endonuclease e.g. type I, type II, type II, type IV or artificial restriction enzymes
  • endo- or exo-peptidases or -proteases e.g. serine-proteases, cysteine-proteases, metallo- proteases, threonine proteases, aspartate proteases, glutamic acid proteases.
  • endo- or exo-peptidases or -proteases
  • endopeptidase cleavage site refers to a cleavage cite within the amino acid or nucleotide sequence where this sequence is cleaved or is cleavable by an endopeptidase (e.g. trypsin, pepsin, elastase, thrombin, collagenase, furin, thermolysin, endopeptidase V8, cathepsins).
  • an endopeptidase e.g. trypsin, pepsin, elastase, thrombin, collagenase, furin, thermolysin, endopeptidase V8, cathepsins.
  • cleavage site refers to an amino acid sequence or nucleotide sequence that prevents the formation of peptide- or phosphodiester-bonds between amino acids or nucleotides, respectively.
  • the bond formation may be prevented due to co- translational self-processing of the polypeptide or polyprotein resulting in two discontinuous translation products being derived from a single translation event of a single open reading frame.
  • self-processing is effected by a "ribosomal skip" caused by a pseudo stop-codon sequence that induces the translation complex to move from one codon to the next without forming a peptide bond.
  • sequences inducing a ribosomal skip include but are not limited to viral 2A peptides or 2A-like peptide (herein both are collectively referred to as "2A peptide” or interchangeably as “2A site” or “2A cleavage site”) which are used by several families of viruses, including Picornavirus, insect viruses, Aphtoviridae, Rotaviruses and Trypanosoma. Best known are 2A sites of rhinovirus and foot-and-mouth disease virus of the Picornaviridae family which are typically used for producing multiple polypeptides from a single ORF.
  • self-cleavage site refers to a cleavage site within the amino acid or nucleotide sequence where this sequence is cleaved or is cleavable without such cleavage involving any additional molecule or where the peptide- or phosphodiester-bond formation in this sequence is prevented in the first place (e.g. through co-translational self- processing as described above).
  • cleavage sites typically comprise several amino acids or are encoded by several codons (e.g. in those cases, wherein the "cleavage site” is not translated into protein but leads to an interruption of translation).
  • the cleavage site may also serve the purpose of a peptide linker, i.e. sterically separates two peptides.
  • a "cleavage site” is both a peptide linker and provides above described cleavage function.
  • the cleavage site may encompass additional N- and/or C-terminal amino acids.
  • host cell refers to a cell that harbours a vector (e.g. a plasmid or virus).
  • a vector e.g. a plasmid or virus.
  • Such host cell may either be a prokaryotic (e.g. a bacterial cell) or a eukaryotic cell (e.g. a fungal, plant or animal cell).
  • “Pharmaceutically acceptable” means approved by a regulatory agency of the Federal or a state government or listed in the U.S. Pharmacopeia or other generally recognized pharmacopeia for use in animals, and more particularly in humans.
  • carrier refers to a pharmacologically inactive substance such as but not limited to a diluent, excipient, or vehicle with which the therapeutically active ingredient is administered.
  • Such pharmaceutical carriers can be liquid or solid.
  • Liquid carrier include but are not limited to sterile liquids, such as saline solutions in water and oils, including those of petroleum, animal, vegetable or synthetic origin, such as peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil and the like. Saline solutions and aqueous dextrose and glycerol solutions can also be employed as liquid carriers, particularly for injectable solutions.
  • a saline solution is a preferred carrier when the pharmaceutical composition is administered intravenously.
  • Suitable pharmaceutical excipients include starch, glucose, lactose, sucrose, gelatin, malt, rice, flour, chalk, silica gel, sodium stearate, glycerol monostearate, talc, sodium chloride, dried skim milk, glycerol, propylene, glycol, water, ethanol and the like.
  • composition is intended to include the formulation of the active compound with encapsulating material as a carrier providing a capsule in which the active component with or without other carriers, is surrounded by a carrier, which is thus, in association with it.
  • adjuvant refers to agents that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response to the active ingredient of the composition at either the cellular or humoral level, e.g. immunologic adjuvants stimulate the response of the immune system to the actual antigen, but have no immunological effect themselves.
  • adjuvants include but are not limited to inorganic adjuvants (e.g. inorganic metal salts such as aluminium phosphate or aluminium hydroxide), organic adjuvants (e.g. saponins or squalene), oil-based adjuvants (e.g. Freund's complete adjuvant and Freund's incomplete adjuvant), cytokines (e.g.
  • particulate adjuvants e.g. immuno- stimulatory complexes (ISCOMS), liposomes, or biodegradable microspheres), virosomes, bacterial adjuvants (e.g. monophosphoryl lipid A, or muramyl peptides), synthetic adjuvants (e.g. non-ionic block copolymers, muramyl peptide analogues, or synthetic lipid A), or synthetic polynucleotides adjuvants (e.g polyarginine or polylysine).
  • ISCOMS immuno- stimulatory complexes
  • liposomes or biodegradable microspheres
  • virosomes e.g. bacterial adjuvants (e.g. monophosphoryl lipid A, or muramyl peptides), synthetic adjuvants (e.g. non-ionic block copolymers, muramyl peptide analogues, or synthetic lipid A), or synthetic polynucleotides adjuvants
  • active ingredient refers to the substance in a pharmaceutical composition or formulation that is biologically active, i.e. that provides pharmaceutical value.
  • a pharmaceutical composition may comprise one or more active ingredients which may act in conjunction with or independently of each other.
  • the active ingredient can be formulated as neutral or salt forms.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include those formed with free amino groups such as those derived from hydrochloric, phosphoric, acetic, oxalic, tartaric acids, etc., and those formed with free carboxyl groups such as but not limited to those derived from sodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium, ferric hydroxides, isopropylamine, triethylamine, 2-ethylamino ethanol, histidine, procaine, and the like.
  • a "patient” means any mammal, reptile or bird that may benefit from a treatment with a tumour vaccine described herein.
  • a “patient” is selected from the group consisting of laboratory animals (e.g. mouse or rat), domestic animals (including e.g. guinea pig, rabbit, horse, donkey, cow, sheep, goat, pig, chicken, camel, cat, dog, turtle, tortoise, snake, or lizard), or primates including chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and human beings. It is particularly preferred that the "patient” is a human being.
  • treat means accomplishing one or more of the following: (a) reducing the severity of the disorder; (b) limiting or preventing development of symptoms characteristic of the disorder(s) being treated; (c) inhibiting worsening of symptoms characteristic of the disorder(s) being treated; (d) limiting or preventing recurrence of the disorder(s) in patients that have previously had the disorder(s); and (e) limiting or preventing recurrence of symptoms in patients that were previously symptomatic for the disorder(s).
  • prevent means preventing that such disease or disorder occurs in patient.
  • administering includes in vivo administration, as well as administration directly to tissue ex vivo, such as vein grafts.
  • an “effective amount” is an amount of a therapeutic agent sufficient to achieve the intended purpose.
  • the effective amount of a given therapeutic agent will vary with factors such as the nature of the agent, the route of administration, the size and species of the animal to receive the therapeutic agent, and the purpose of the administration.
  • the effective amount in each individual case may be determined empirically by a skilled artisan according to established methods in the art.
  • the invention provides an expression system comprising a first polynucleotide encoding at least one viral protein of a paramyxovirus or variant thereof, which induces a T cell response and a second polynucleotide encoding at least one viral protein of a paramyxovirus or variant thereof, which induces a B cell response.
  • a first polynucleotide encoding at least one viral protein of a paramyxovirus or variant thereof, which induces a T cell response
  • a second polynucleotide encoding at least one viral protein of a paramyxovirus or variant thereof which induces a B cell response.
  • expression system preferably refers to one or more polynucleotide sequences comprising in addition to the first and second polynucleotide the elements to direct transcription and translation of the proteins encoded by the first and second or any further polynucleotide, which may be included in the preferred embodiments outlined below.
  • Such elements included promoter and enhancer elements to direct transcription of mRNA in a cell-free or a cell-based based system, preferably a cell-based system.
  • the expression system comprises those elements that are necessary for translation and/or stabilization of RNAs encoding the T cell and B cell inducing protein, e.g. polyA-tail, IRES, cap structures etc.
  • the first polynucleotide encodes a viral protein of a paramyxovirus or variant thereof which induces a reaction of the immune system (i.e. immune response) in a host which is mediated by T cells.
  • a T cell response involves the activation of antigen-specific T lymphocyte such as but not limited to cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), T helper cells (TH cells), central memory T cells (TCM cells), effector memory T cells (TEM cells), and regulatory T cells (Treg cells).
  • CTLs cytotoxic T cells
  • TH cells T helper cells
  • TCM cells central memory T cells
  • TEM cells effector memory T cells
  • Treg cells regulatory T cells
  • those viral proteins or parts thereof are used for inducing a T cell response that are normally not exposed on the outside of the virus, e.g. non structural proteins or parts of structural proteins not accessible to B-cells on the outside of the virus.
  • the second polynucleotide encodes a viral protein of a paramyxovirus or variant thereof that induces a B cell response.
  • a B cell response is an immune response based on the activation of B lymphocytes, which produce and secrete antigen specific antibodies.
  • B cells involved in such immune response include but are not limited to plasma B cells, memory B cells and B-l cells.
  • those viral proteins or parts thereof are used for inducing a B cell response that are exposed on the outside of the virus, e.g. structural proteins or at least those parts of structural proteins accessible to B-cells on the outside of the virus.
  • the paramyxovirus whose viral proteins are encoded for by the first and second polynucleotide is selected from the subfamily of Pneumovirinae, Paramyxovirinae, Fer- de-Lance-Virus, Nariva- Virus, Salem-Virus, Tupaia-Paramyxovirus, Bellong- Virus, J-Virus, Menangle-Virus, Mossmann-Virus, and Murayama- Virus.
  • the Pneumovirinae is selected from the group consisting of Pneumovirus, preferably human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), murine pneumonia virus, bovine RSV, ovine RSV, caprine RSV, turkey rinotracheitis virus, and Metapneumovirus, preferably human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and avian metapneumovirus.
  • RSV respiratory syncytial virus
  • hMPV human metapneumovirus
  • avian metapneumovirus avian metapneumovirus
  • the first and the second polynucleotide are comprised on separate vectors or on the same vector. Accordingly, the first polynucleotide may be comprised on one vector and the second polynucleotide may be comprised on a second vector. Alternatively or additionally, the first and the second polynucleotide may be comprised on the same vector. It is preferred that the first and the second polynucleotide are comprised on the same vector. It is particularly preferred that the first and the second polynucleotide comprised on the same vector are linked in such that they are expressed as a viral-polyprotein. Preferably, the first and the second polynucleotide form an open reading frame.
  • the viral protein of a paramyxovirus, which induces a T cell response is a non-structural protein of a paramyxovirus
  • the viral protein of a paramyxovirus, which induces a B cell response is a structural protein of a paramyxovirus
  • amino acid sequence of the structural and/or non-structural protein comprises consecutive segments or a consensus sequence of one or more different paramyxovirus isolates.
  • segment refers to a part of a protein or polyprotein. It is particularly preferred that such segment folds and/or functions independently of the rest of the protein or polyprotein such as but not limited to a domain, an epitope or a fragment thereof. It is understood that a protein variant in the context of the present invention differs in comparison to its parent polypeptide in changes in the amino acid sequence such as amino acid exchanges, insertions, deletions, N-terminal truncations, or C- terminal truncations, or any combination of these changes, which may occur at one or several sites whereby the variant exhibits at least 80% sequence identity to its parent polypeptide.
  • the structural protein is a protein exposed on the surface of the native paramyxovirus or a variant thereof. It is preferred that the structural protein triggers a T- cell independent immune response such as but not limited to an antibody mediated immune response or an activation of the complement system. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the structural protein induces an antibody mediated immune response. Such antibody mediated immune response is based on the activation of B cells which produce and secrete antigen specific antibodies. B cells involved in such immune response include but are not limited to plasma B cells, memory B cells and B-l cells.
  • the membrane attachment domain of the protein exposed on the surface of the native paramyxovirus or variant thereof is functionally deleted, thus, either being structurally deleted or structurally present but not fulfilling its biological function.
  • the amino acid sequence corresponding to the membrane attachment domain is deleted. The deletion of the membrane attachment region serves the purpose of ascertaining that the B cell response inducing protein is secreted from the cell into which the expression system of the invention has been introduced.
  • the B cell response inducing protein comprises a secretion signal, which targets the protein to the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER).
  • secretion signals are present preferably in the context of a deleted membrane attachment domain.
  • the skilled person is well aware of various such secretion signals, which may be used as heterologous secretion signals, e.g. added to the N-terminus of the B cell response inducing viral protein.
  • a naturally occurring secretion signal may be used, which is present in the majority of structural viral proteins.
  • the secretion signal is maintained in a modified version of the structural protein.
  • the structural protein of the native paramyxovirus is selected from the group consisting of fusion protein (F) and any of the attachment glycoproteins G, H, and HN.
  • the attachment glycoproteins are found in all enveloped viruses and mediate the initial interaction between the viral envelope and the plasma membrane of the host cell via their binding to carbohydrate moieties or cell adhesion domains of proteins or other molecules on the plasma membrane of the host cell. Thereby, attachment glycoproteins bridge the gap between the virus and the membrane of the host cell.
  • Attachment glycoproteins designated as "H” possess hemagglutinin activity and are found in morbilliviruses and henipaviruses
  • glycoproteins designated as "HN possess hemagglutinin and neuraminidase activities and are found in respiroviruses, rubulaviruses and avulaviruses.
  • Attachment glycoproteins are designated as "G” when they have neither haemagglutination nor neuraminidase activity.
  • G attachment glycoproteins can be found in all members of Pneumovirinae.
  • Fusion protein "F” is found in all enveloped viruses and mediates the fusion of the viral envelope with the plasma membrane of the host cell.
  • F is a type I glycoprotein that recognizes receptors present on the cell surface of the host cell to which it binds.
  • F consists of a fusion peptide adjacent to which the transmembrane domains are located, followed by two heptad repeat (HR) regions, HR1 and HR2, respectively.
  • HR1 and HR2 heptad repeat
  • a hairpin structure is formed that draws the viral lipid bilayer and cellular plasma membrane even closer together and allows for the formation of a fusion pore and consecutively the complete fusion of both lipid bilayers enabling the virus capsid to enter into the cytoplasm of the host cell. All of these features are common in fusion-mediating proteins of enveloped viruses.
  • F comprises, essentially consists of or consists of an amino acid sequence of F of one RSV isolate or a consensus amino acid sequence of two or more different RSV isolates, preferably according to SEQ ID NO 1, more preferably according to SEQ ID NO 2 or a variant thereof.
  • the non-structural protein is a conserved internal protein suitable for inducing a T cell mediated immune response against the virus involving the activation of antigen-specific T lymphocyte such as but not limited to cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), T helper cells (TH cells), central memory T cells (TCM cells), effector memory T cells (TEM cells), and regulatory T cells (Treg cells).
  • CTLs cytotoxic T cells
  • TH cells T helper cells
  • TCM cells central memory T cells
  • TEM cells effector memory T cells
  • Treg cells regulatory T cells
  • the non-structural protein is selected from the group consisting of nucleoprotein N, Matrix proteins M and M2, Phosphoprotein P, non structural proteins NS1 and NS2, and the catalytic subunit of the polymerase (L).
  • the nucleoprotein N serves several functions which include the encapsidation of the RNA genome into a RNAase-resistant nucleocapsid. N also interacts with the M protein during virus assembly and interacts with the P-L polymerase during transcription and replication of the genome.
  • the matrix protein M is the most abundant protein in paramyxovirus and is considered to be the central organizer of viral morphology by interacting with the cytoplasmatic tail of the integral membrane proteins and the nucleocapsid.
  • M2 is a second membrane-associated protein that is not glycosylated and is mainly found in pneumovirus.
  • Phosphoprotein P binds to the N and L proteins and forms part of the RNA polymerase complex in all paramyxoviruses.
  • Large protein L is the catalytic subunit of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
  • N comprises an amino acid sequence of N, of one RSV isolate or a consensus amino acid sequence of two or more different RSV isolates, preferably according to SEQ ID NO 3 and wherein M2 comprises an amino acid sequence of M2 of one RSV isolate or a consensus amino acid sequence of two or more different RSV isolates, preferably according to SEQ ID NO 5. It is further preferred that wherein N comprises the amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO 4 and M2 comprises the amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO 5.
  • the structural protein encoded by the first polynucleotide is located either N- or C-terminally with respect to the non-structural protein encoded by the second polynucleotide.
  • the non-structural protein encoded by the second polynucleotide is located C-terminally with respect to the structural protein encoded by the first polynucleotide.
  • N, M, M2, P, NSl, NS2, or L can be located N- or C-terminally of F, G, H, or HN.
  • N, M, M2, P, NSl , NS2, or L are located C-terminally of F, G, H, or HN.
  • N or M2 are located C-terminally of F.
  • N is located C-terminally of F.
  • embodiments of the present invention have the formula X-Y or Y-X, wherein "X” depicts F, G, H, or HN and "Y” depicts N, M, M2, P, NSl, NS2, or L and a “dash” depicts a peptide bond.
  • X depicts F, G, H, or HN
  • Y depicts N, M, M2, P, NSl, NS2, or L
  • a “dash” depicts a peptide bond.
  • a polynucleotide encoding a cleavage site is positioned between the first polynucleotide and the second polynucleotide.
  • this cleavage site is either a self-cleaving site (i.e. a cleavage site within the amino acid sequence where this sequence is cleaved or is cleavable without such cleavage involving any additional molecule or where the peptide-bond formation in this sequence is prevented in the first place) or an endopeptidase cleavage site (i.e. a cleavage cite within the amino acid sequence where this sequence is cleaved or is cleavable by an endopeptidase, e.g.
  • a self-cleaving site i.e. a cleavage site within the amino acid sequence where this sequence is cleaved or is cleavable without such cleavage involving any additional molecule or where the peptide-bond formation in this sequence is prevented in the first place
  • an endopeptidase cleavage site i.e. a cleavage cite within the amino acid sequence where this sequence is cleave
  • the self-cleaving site is a 2A cleavage site selected from the group consisting of a viral 2A peptide or 2A-like peptide of Picornavirus, insect viruses, Aphtoviridae, Rotaviruses and Trypanosoma, preferably wherein the 2A cleavage site is the 2 A peptide of foot and mouth disease virus.
  • the cleavage site can be positioned N-terminally with respect to the structural protein encoded by the first polynucleotide and C-terminally with respect to the non-structural protein encoded by the second polynucleotide.
  • the cleavage site can be positioned C-terminally with respect to the structural protein encoded by the first polynucleotide and N-terminally with respect to the non-structural protein encoded by the second polynucleotide.
  • the cleavage site can be positioned C- or N-terminally with respect to F, G, H, or HN and C- or N-terminally with respect to N, M, M2, P, NSl , NS2, or L.
  • the cleavage site is located N-terminally with respect to N, M, M2, P, NSl, NS2, or L and C-terminally with respect to F, G, H, or HN. It is particularly preferred that the cleavage site is located N-terminally with respect to N and C-terminally with respect to F.
  • embodiments of the present invention have the formula X-C-Y or Y-C-X, wherein "X” depicts F, G, H, or HN and "Y” depicts N, M, M2, P, NSl, NS2, or L, "C” depicts a cleavage site, and a “dash” depicts a peptide bond.
  • X depicts F, G, H, or HN
  • Y depicts N, M, M2, P, NSl, NS2, or L
  • C depicts a cleavage site
  • a “dash” depicts a peptide bond.
  • every protein can be combined with any other protein and that any two proteins can or cannot be connected or linked by a cleavage site.
  • the expression system further comprises a third polynucleotide encoding a non-structural protein of a paramyxovirus or a variant thereof.
  • the non-structural protein is of a paramyxovirus selected from the group consisting of Pneumovirinae, Paramyxovirinae, Fer-de-Lance-Virus, Nariva-Virus, Salem-Virus, Tupaia- Paramyxovirus, Beilong-Virus, J-Virus, Menangle-Virus, Mossmann-Virus, and Murayama- Virus
  • the Pneumovirinae is selected from the group consisting of Pneumovirus, preferably human respiratory syncytical virus (RSV), murine pneumonia virus, bovine RSV, ovine RSV, caprine RSV, turkey rinotracheitis and Metapneumovirus, preferably human metapneumo virus, avaian metapneumovirus.
  • the first polynucleotide is comprised on one vector and the second polynucleotide is comprised on a second vector and the third polynucleotide is comprised on a third vector.
  • the first and the second polynucleotide are comprised on the same vector and the third polynucleotide is comprised on a separate vector, or the first and the third polynucleotide are comprised on the same vector and the second polynucleotide is comprised on a separate vector, or the second and the third polynucleotide are comprised on the same vector and the first polynucleotide is comprised on a separate vector.
  • first and the second and the third polynucleotide are comprised on the same vector. It is preferred that the first and the second and the third polynucleotide may be comprised on the same vector. It is particularly preferred that the first and the second and the third polynucleotide comprised on the same vector are linked in such that they are expressed as a viral-polyprotein. Preferably, the first and the second and the third polynucleotide comprised on the same vector form an open reading frame.
  • the non-structural protein encoded by the third polynucleotide is a conserved internal protein suitable for inducing a T cell mediated immune response against the virus involving the activation of antigen-specific T lymphocyte such as but not limited to cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), T helper cells (TH cells), central memory T cells (TCM cells), effector memory T cells (TEM cells), and regulatory T cells (Treg cells).
  • CTLs cytotoxic T cells
  • TH cells T helper cells
  • TCM cells central memory T cells
  • TEM cells effector memory T cells
  • Reg cells regulatory T cells
  • the non-structural protein is selected from the group consisting of nucleoprotein N, Matrix proteins M and M2, Phosphoprotein P, non structural proteins NS1 and NS2, and the catalytic subunit of the polymerase (L).
  • N comprises an amino acid sequence of N, of one RSV isolate or a consensus amino acid sequence of two or more different RSV isolates, preferably according to SEQ ID NO 3 and wherein M2 comprises an amino acid sequence of M2 of one RSV isolate or a consensus amino acid sequence of two or more different RSV isolates, preferably according to SEQ ID NO 5. It is further preferred that wherein N comprises the amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO 4 and M2 comprises the amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO 5.
  • non-structural protein encoded by the third polynucleotide differs from the non-structural protein encoded by the second polynucleotide.
  • the non-structural proteins encoded by the second and the third polynucleotide differ from each other in that they comprise amino acid sequences of different viral proteins. For instance, this means that the non-structural protein encoded by the second polynucleotide comprises the amino acid sequence of the N protein whilst the non-structural protein encoded by the second polynucleotide comprises the amino acid sequence of the M2 protein or vice versa.
  • the non-structural protein encoded by the third polynucleotide can be located either N- or C-terminally of the non-structural protein encoded by the second polynucleotide.
  • the non-structural protein encoded by the third polynucleotide is located C-terminally of the non-structural protein encoded by the second polynucleotide.
  • N or M2 can be located N- or C-terminally of N or M2, preferably N is located C- terminally of M2.
  • a polynucleotide encoding a linker is positioned between the second polynucleotide and the third polynucleotide. It is preferred that the linker is a flexible linker, preferably a flexible linker comprising an amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO 6.
  • the viral protein encoded by the first polynucleotide is located C- or N-terminally with respect to the viral protein encoded by the second polynucleotide and/or the viral protein of the optional third polynucleotide is located C- or N-terminally with respect to the viral protein encoded by the second polynucleotide. More specifically, F, G, H, or HN are located C- or N-terminally with respect to N, M, M2, P, NS 1 , NS2, or L and N, M, M2, P, NS1, NS2, or L are located C- or N-terminally with respect to N or M2. In a preferred embodiment F is located N-terminally with respect to N and M2 is located C-terminally with respect to N.
  • preferred embodiments of the present invention have the formula X-K-Y, Y-K-X, X-K-Y- Y, Y-Y-K-X, X-Y-K-Y, Y-K-Y-X, X-K-Y-K-Y, Y-K-Y-K-X, X-C-Y, Y-C-X, X-C-Y-Y, Y-C-Y-X, X-C-Y-C-Y, Y-C-Y-C-X, X-K-Y-C-Y, Y-C-Y-K-X, X-C-Y-K-Y, or Y-K- Y-C-X, wherein "X” depicts F, G, H, or HN and "Y” depicts N, M, M2, P, NS 1 , NS2, or L, "K" indicates that one or more
  • every protein can be combined with any other protein and that any two proteins can or cannot be connected or linked by either a cleavage site or a linker peptide.
  • the viral polyprotein encoded by the first, the second and the third polynucleotide has an amino acid according to SEQ ID NO: 7.
  • the vector or vectors comprising the first, and the second and/or the third polynucleotide is/are selected from the group consisting of plasmid, cosmid, phage, virus, and artificial chromosome. More preferably, a vector suitable for practicing the present invention is selected from the group consisting of plasmid vectors, cosmid vectors, phage vectors, preferably lambda phage and filamentous phage vectors, viral vectors, adenovirus vectors (e.g., non-replicating Ad5, Adl l , Ad26, Ad35, Ad49, ChAd3, ChAd4, ChAd5, ChAd6, ChAd7, ChAd8, ChAd9, ChAdlO, ChAdl l, ChAdl6, ChAdl7, ChAdl9, ChAd20, ChAd22, ChAd24, ChAd26, ChAd30, ChAd31, ChAd37, ChA
  • the vectors ChAd3, ChAd4, ChAd5, ChAd6, ChAd7, ChAd8, ChAd9, ChAdlO, ChAdl l, ChAd 16, ChAd 17, ChAd 19, ChAd20, ChAd22, ChAd24, ChAd26, ChAd30, ChAd31, ChAd37, ChAd38, ChAd44, ChAd63 and ChAd82 are described in detail in WO 2005/071093.
  • the vectors PanAdl, PanAd2, PanAd3, ChAd55, ChAd73, ChAd83, ChAdl46, and ChAdl47 are described in detail in WO 2010/086189.
  • the expression system is for use in medicine. In more preferred embodiments, the expression system is for use in the prophylaxis or treatment of viral infection, particularly preferably for use in the prophylaxis or treatment of RSV infection.
  • the present invention provides an isolated protein mixture encoded by the expression system of the first aspect.
  • the isolated protein mixture contains, essentially contains or comprises one or more of the viral proteins encoded by the expression system of the first aspect.
  • the isolated protein mixture is for use in medicine.
  • the isolated protein mixture is for use in the prophylaxis or treatment of viral infection, particularly preferably for use in the prophylaxis or treatment of RSV infection.
  • the present invention provides an isolated host cell containing the expression system of the first aspect and/or the protein mixture of the second aspect. It is understood that such host cell includes but is not limited to prokaryotic (e.g. a bacterial cell) or eukaryotic cells (e.g. a fungal, plant or animal cell).
  • prokaryotic e.g. a bacterial cell
  • eukaryotic cells e.g. a fungal, plant or animal cell.
  • the host cell is for use in medicine. In particularly preferred embodiments, the host cell is for use in the prophylaxis or treatment of viral infection, particularly preferably for use in the prophylaxis or treatment of RSV infection.
  • the present invention provides a composition comprising the expression system of the first aspect or the protein mixture of the second aspect and a pharmaceutical acceptable carrier and/or excipient.
  • a pharmaceutical acceptable carrier and/or excipient Preferably, such composition is a pharmaceutical composition.
  • composition of the fourth aspect contains a therapeutically effective amount of the compound, preferably in purified form, together with a suitable amount of carrier so as to provide the form for proper administration to the patient.
  • the formulation should suit the mode of administration.
  • compositions can take the form of solutions, suspensions, emulsion, tablets, pills, capsules, powders, sustained-release formulations and the like.
  • the composition can be formulated as a suppository, with traditional binders and carriers such as triglycerides.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable carriers can be either solid or liquid.
  • Solid form compositions include powders, tablets, pills, capsules, lozenges, cachets, suppositories, and dispersible granules.
  • a solid excipient can be one or more substances, which may also act as diluents, flavoring agents, binders, preservatives, tablet disintegrating agents, or an encapsulating material.
  • the excipient is preferably a finely divided solid, which is in a mixture with the finely divided inhibitor of the present invention.
  • the active ingredient is mixed with the carrier having the necessary binding properties in suitable proportions and compacted in the shape and size desired.
  • Suitable excipients are magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugar, lactose, pectin, dextrin, starch, gelatin, tragacanth, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, a low melting wax, cocoa butter, and the like.
  • a low melting wax such as a mixture of fatty acid glycerides or cocoa butter
  • the active component is dispersed homogeneously therein, as by stirring.
  • the molten homogeneous mixture is then poured into convenient sized molds, allowed to cool, and thereby to solidify. Tablets, powders, capsules, pills, cachets, and lozenges can be used as solid dosage forms suitable for oral administration.
  • Liquid form composition include solutions, suspensions, and emulsions, for example, water, saline solutions, aqueous dextrose, glycerol solutions or water/propylene glycol solutions.
  • a saline solution is a preferred carrier when the pharmaceutical composition is administered intravenously.
  • liquid preparations can be formulated in solution in, e.g. aqueous polyethylene glycol solution.
  • the pharmaceutical composition is in unit dosage form.
  • the composition may be subdivided into unit doses containing appropriate quantities of the active component.
  • the unit dosage form can be a packaged composition, the package containing discrete quantities of the composition, such as packeted tablets, capsules, and powders in vials or ampoules.
  • the unit dosage form can be a capsule, an injection vial, a tablet, a cachet, or a lozenge itself, or it can be the appropriate number of any of these in packaged form.
  • composition if desired, can also contain minor amounts of wetting or emulsifying agents, or pH buffering agents.
  • composition may also comprise other pharmacologically active substance such as but not limited to adjuvants and/or additional active ingredients.
  • Adjuvants in the context of the present invention include but are not limited to Examples of such adjuvants include but are not limited to inorganic adjuvants, organic adjuvants, oil-based adjuvants, cytokines, particulate adjuvants, virosomes, bacterial adjuvants, synthetic adjuvants, or synthetic polynucleotides adjuvants.
  • the additional active ingredient is another viral vaccine, more preferably a vaccine against paramyxoviruses, preferably selected from the group consisting of Pneumovirinae, Paramyxovirinae, Fer-de-Lance-Virus, Nariva- Virus, Salem-Virus, Tupaia- Paramyxovirus, Beilong-Virus, J-Virus, Menangle- Virus, Mossmann- Virus, and Murayama- Virus. It is particularly preferred that the Pneumovirinae is selected from the group consisting of Pneumovirus, (e.g.
  • human respiratory syncytical virus (RSV), murine pneumonia virus, bovine RSV, ovine RSV, caprine RSV) and Metapneumovirus, (e.g. human metapneumovirus, avaian metapneumovirus) .
  • RSV human respiratory syncytical virus
  • murine pneumonia virus bovine RSV
  • ovine RSV ovine RSV
  • caprine RSV caprine
  • Metapneumovirus e.g. human metapneumovirus, avaian metapneumovirus
  • the present invention provides for an expression system of the first aspect, the isolated protein mixture of the second aspect, the isolated host cell of the third aspect or the composition of the fourth aspect, for the use in the treatment or prevention of a viral disease.
  • a viral disease is caused by a paramyxovirus, more preferably selected from the group consisting of Pneumovirinae, Paramyxovirinae, Fer-de-Lance-Virus, Nariva-Virus, Salem-Virus, Tupaia-Paramyxovirus, Beilong-Virus, J-Virus, Menangle- Virus, Mossmann- Virus, and Murayama- Virus.
  • the Pneumovirinae is selected from the group consisting of Pneumovirus, (e.g. human respiratory syncytical virus (RSV), murine pneumonia virus, bovine RSV, ovine RSV, caprine RSV) and Metapneumovirus, (e.g. human metapneumovirus, avaian metapneumovirus).
  • Pneumovirus e.g. human respiratory syncytical virus (RSV), murine pneumonia virus, bovine RSV, ovine RSV, caprine RSV
  • Metapneumovirus e.g. human metapneumovirus, avaian metapneumovirus
  • the present invention provides for a method of treatment or prevention of a viral disease comprising the administration of effective amounts of the expression system of the first aspect, the isolated protein mixture of the second aspect, the isolated host cell of the third aspect or the composition of the fourth aspect for the use in the treatment or prevention of a viral disease.
  • the viral disease is caused by a paramyxovirus, more preferably selected from the group consisting of Pneumovirinae, Paramyxovirinae, Fer-de- Lance-Virus, Nariva-Virus, Salem-Virus, Tupaia-Paramyxovirus, Beilong-Virus, J-Virus, Menangle-Virus, Mossmann-Virus, and Murayama-Virus.
  • the Pneumovirinae is selected from the group consisting of Pneumovirus, (e.g. human respiratory syncytical virus (RSV), murine pneumonia virus, bovine RSV, ovine RSV, caprine RSV) and Metapneumovirus, (e.g. human metapneumovirus, avaian metapneumovirus).
  • Pneumovirus e.g. human respiratory syncytical virus (RSV), murine pneumonia virus, bovine RSV, ovine RSV, caprine RSV
  • Metapneumovirus e.g. human metapneumovirus, avaian metapneumovirus
  • a third type of computational analysis is the consensus sequence approach. Because the consensus sequence is composed of the amino acid most commonly observed at each position, it likely represents the most-fit state of the virus. Thus, effective evasion of the immune response by selection of a sequence divergent from consensus may result in a less fit virus from a replicative standpoint.
  • the consensus sequence approach favors heavily sampled sublineages and deemphasizes outliers. As such, the approaches utilized herein are far more straightforward than the other types of computational analyses.
  • protein sequences of the F0-, N-, and M2-1- proteins of RSV were retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) RSV Resource database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Protein sequences were chosen from different RSV subtype A strains.
  • NCBI National Center for Biotechnology Information
  • a FO consensus sequence was derived by alignment of all non-identical sequences of the F-protein using MUSCLE version 3.6 and applying the majority rule.
  • the vaccine's FO consensus sequence was designed on the basis of the alignment of the different RSV sequences.
  • the sequence similarity of the vaccine consensus FO sequence was measured performing BLAST analysis, which stands for Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and is publicly available through the NCBI.
  • the vaccine's F0 sequence lacks the transmembrane region residing in amino acids 525 to 574 to allow for the secretion of FOATM.
  • the vaccine FOATM sequence was codon-optimized for expression in eukaryotic cells.
  • the vaccine's N consensus sequence was derived by alignment of all non-identical sequences of the N-protein using MUSCLE version 3.6 and applying the majority rule. BLAST analysis of the N consensus sequence found the best alignment with the human respiratory syncytial virus A2 strain. The vaccine's N sequence was then codon-optimized for expression in eukaryotic cells.
  • M2-1 consensus sequence was derived by alignment of all non-identical sequences of the M2-1 -protein using MUSCLE version 3.6 and applying the majority rule. BLAST analysis of the M2-1 consensus sequence found the best alignment with the human respiratory syncytial virus A2 strain. Finally, the vaccine M2-1 sequence was codon-optimized for expression in eukaryotic cells.
  • the vaccines FOATM sequence and N sequence were spaced by the cleavage sequence 2 A of the Foot and Mouth Disease virus.
  • the vaccines N sequence and M2-1 sequence were separated by a flexible linker (GGGSGGG; SEQ ID NO: 7).
  • Consensus FOATM, N and M2-1 sequences were optimized for mammalian expression, including the addition of a Kozak sequence and codon optimization.
  • the DNA sequence encoding the multi-antigen vaccine was chemically synthesized and then sub-cloned by suitable restriction enzymes EcoRV and NotI into the pVJTetOCMV shuttle vector under the control of the CMV promoter.
  • a viral-vectored RSV vaccine PanAd3/F0ATM-N-M2-l was generated which contains a 809 aa polyprotein coding for the consensus FOATM, N and M2-1 proteins fused by a flexible linker.
  • Bonobo Adenovirus type 3 (PanAd3) is a novel adenovirus strain with improved seroprevalence and has been described previously.
  • Hela cells were transfected with 10 ⁇ g of DNA plasmid encoding the F0ATM-N-M2-1 antigen. Cells were cultured for 36 hours before the supernatant was collected and cell lysates were prepared. Proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and blotted onto nylon filters. A mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb8) raised against the M viral protein (gift from Dr. Geraldine Taylor) was used to reveal the expressed proteins.
  • mAb8 raised against the M viral protein
  • the fused viral protein N-M2-1 is very efficiently released from the polyprotein by the 2 A cleavage site and recognized as a major band by mAb8. Very few high molecular weight precursor is present at steady-state in the cells. Lysates of Hep2-cells infected with RSV strain A were used as control.
  • Non-Reducing SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis of the cell culture medium showed that the F-protein deleted of the trans-membrane region is secreted into the supernatant (see Fig. 3, lane RSV).
  • the molecular weight of the F-protein in the supernatant is consistent with homotrimeric F-protein, which is its native configuration.
  • DNA plasmids encoding F0ATM-N-M2-1 or FOATM alone were used to immunize mice by DNA plasmid injection and electroporation (GET) with a regimen of priming and boosting at three weeks post prime. Sera of immunized mice were collected two weeks after boosting and pooled.
  • GET DNA plasmid injection and electroporation
  • the antibody titers raised by the F-protein expressed in the context of the vaccine antigen are at least 30 times higher than those elicited by the F-protein alone.
  • the F0ATM-N-M2-1 antigen has superior immunogenic properties in inducing B- cell responses in mice.
  • the immunological potency of the chimpanzee adenoviral vector PanAd3 bearing the RSV vaccine antigen F0ATM-N-M2-1 was evaluated in mice.
  • mice Groups of Balb/C mice were immunized by intramuscular injection in the quadriceps with increasing dose of PanAd3/ F0ATM-N-M2-1. 4 weeks after vaccination mice were sacrificed and splenocytes were subjected to IFNy-Elispot assay using mapped immunodominant peptides from RSV F- and M-proteins (peptide GWYTSVITIELSNIKE (F aa 51-66) peptide KYKNAVTEL (F aa 85-93) and peptide SYIGSINNI (M aa 282-290)).

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Abstract

The invention relates to an expression system of polynucleotides encoding artificial proteins of paramyxovirus, preferably of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and compositions of paramyxovirus virus proteins, preferably of RSV. The invention further relates to protein mixtures encoded by the expression system and cells comprising the expression system or the protein mixture and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the expression system or the protein mixture. The expression system, polynucleotides, proteins, cells, and pharmaceutical compositions are useful in the prophylaxis or treatment of paramyxovirus infection.

Description

PARAMYXOVIRUS VACCINES
The invention relates to an expression system of polynucleotides encoding proteins of paramyxovirus, preferably of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and compositions of paramyxovirus virus proteins, preferably of RSV. The invention further relates to protein mixtures encoded by the expression system and cells comprising the expression system or the protein mixture and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the expression system or the protein mixture. The expression system, polynucleotides, proteins, cells, and pharmaceutical compositions are useful in the prophylaxis or treatment of paramyxovirus infection.
Background of the Invention
"Enveloped viruses", such as orthomyxoviruses, paramyxoviruses, retroviruses, flaviviruses, rhabdoviruses and alphaviruses, are surrounded by a lipid bilayer originating from the host plasma membrane (1). The enveloped virus designated as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important cause of viral lower respiratory tract illness (LRTI) in infants and children worldwide (2). In the United States, it is estimated that 70,000-126,000 infants are hospitalized annually with RSV pneumonia or bronchiolitis and that the rate of hospitalization for bronchiolitis has increased since 1980 (3). Children are infected by 2 years of age and the WHO has estimated that RSV causes disease in approximately 64 million children each year and 160,000 deaths. In industrialised countries, RSV is responsible for at least 50% of hospitalisations for respiratory disease in children, and up to 6% of all RSV infections in children result in hospitalisation (4). RSV infection does not provoke lasting immunity, so that human hosts experience lifelong cycles of infection and re-infection. Although it is traditionally regarded as a pediatric pathogen, RSV also causes severe disease in the elderly and immunocompromised individuals (5). The burden of RSV disease in the elderly is comparable to that of seasonal influenza and the economic impact of RSV-related disease in adults is estimated to be greater than that of influenza in relation to numbers of days lost from work (6, 7). Monoclonal antibody prophylaxis is effective in reducing RSV hospitalisations by 50% in infants at high risk of severe disease (8). However, there is currently no effective RSV vaccine or anti-viral therapy.
The disastrous effect of a formalin-inactivated (FI) RSV vaccine in infants in the 1960s has hampered vaccine development. The vaccine failed to protect against RSV infection and induced exacerbated respiratory disease (9) which has been attributed to induction of high titre, poorly neutralising, low affinity antibodies, lack of CD8+ T cell priming and induction of a Th2- biased immune response (10, 1 1 , and 12). There is evidence that RSV impairs the induction of an adequate adaptive T cell immune response (13).
There is, therefore, a clear need for an effective vaccine not only to protect infants, but also to boost immunity in the elderly and to reduce the circulation of RSV in siblings and adults, who are the main source of RSV infection for infants. A RSV vaccine capable of inducing neutralizing antibody response and potent and broad T cell response for priming a T cell responses in individuals who have not yet been infected with RSV (infants) or for boosting a preexisting T cell response in individuals who need to 'reset' the memory response to higher levels (elderly) is especially desirable.
Summary of the Invention
The invention provides in a first aspect an expression system comprising a first polynucleotide encoding at least one viral protein of a paramyxovirus or variant thereof, which induces a T cell response and a second polynucleotide encoding at least one viral protein of a paramyxovirus or variant thereof, which induces a B cell response.
In a second aspect, the invention provides an isolated protein mixture encoded by the expression system of the first aspect.
In a third aspect, the invention provides an isolated host cell containing the expression system of the first aspect and/or the protein mixture of the second aspect.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a composition comprising the expression system of the first aspect, or the protein mixture of the second aspect, and a pharmaceutical acceptable carrier and/or excipient.
In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides the expression system of the first aspect, the protein mixture of the second aspect, the cell of the third aspect and the composition of the fourth aspect, for the use in the treatment or prevention of a viral disease.
In a sixth aspect, the present invention provides for a method of treatment or prevention of a viral disease comprising the administration of an effective amount of the expression system of the first aspect, the protein mixture of the second aspect, the cell of the third aspect and the composition of the fourth aspect.
The above summary does not necessarily describe all aspects of the present invention. Brief Description of the Figures
Fig.l: Schematic Diagram of the RSV vaccine polyprotein. conFO = consensus sequence of the F protein, 2A = translational cleavage site of the Foot and Mouth Disease virus, conN = consensus sequence of the N protein, conM2-l = consensus of the M2-1 protein.
Fig.2: The vaccine antigen F0ATM-N-M2-1 is efficiently processed in mammalian cells. Western Blot analysis of lysates from HeLa cells; nt: not transfected Hela. RSV transf: HeLa cells transfected with F0ATM-N-M2-1. RSV inf: Hep2 cells infected with RSV strain A Fig.3: The secreted F protein forms a homotrimer. Western Blot analysis of supernatant from transfected HeLa cells; RSV: F0ATM-N-M2-1 transfected, FO: FOATM transfected, Ctrl: empty plasmid transfected
Fig.4: The F protein expressed from the vaccine polyprotein is a better immunogen than the F protein alone. A. Western Blot analysis of supernatant from HeLa cells infected with PanAd3/ F0ATM-N-M2-1 which was probed with different dilutions of sera from mice immunized with FOATM or F0ATM-N-M2-1 B. densitometric scanning of the Western Blot on panel A. Data are expressed as Relative Intensity of the area corresponding to the protein band.
Fig.5: The RSV vaccine induced potent systemic T cell immunity in mice by a single intramuscular injection. IFNg-Elispot assay of splenocytes of PanAd3/ F0ATM-N-M2-1 immunized Balb/C mice using mapped immunodominant peptides from RSV F and M proteins.
Detailed Description of the Invention
Before the present invention is described in detail below, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to the particular methodology, protocols and reagents described herein as these may vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention which will be limited only by the appended claims. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.
Preferably, the terms used herein are defined as described in "A multilingual glossary of biotechnological terms: (IUPAC Recommendations)", Leuenberger, H.G.W, Nagel, B. and Kolbl, H. eds. (1995), Helvetica Chimica Acta, CH-4010 Basel, Switzerland).
Several documents are cited throughout the text of this specification. Each of the documents cited herein (including all patents, patent applications, scientific publications, manufacturer's specifications, instructions, GenBank Accession Number sequence submissions etc.), whether supra or infra, is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Nothing herein is to be construed as an admission that the invention is not entitled to antedate such disclosure by virtue of prior invention.
Definitions
Throughout this specification and the claims which follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the word "comprise", and variations such as "comprises" and "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or step or group of integers or steps but not the exclusion of any other integer or step or group of integers or steps.
The abbreviations "F" or "F0" are used interchangeably herein and refer to the Fusion protein of paramyxoviruses, preferably of RSV.
The abbreviation "G" refers to the Glycoprotein of paramyxoviruses, preferably of pneumovirinae, more preferably of RSV.
The abbreviation "H" refers to the Hemagglutinin Protein of paramyxoviruses, preferably of morbilliviruses.
The abbreviation "HN" refers to the Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Protein of paramyxoviruses, particularly of Respirovirus, Avulavirus and Rubulavirus.
The abbreviation "N" refers to the Nucleocapsid protein of paramyxoviruses, preferably of RSV.
The abbreviation "M" refers to the glycosylated Matrix protein of paramyxoviruses, preferably of RSV.
The abbreviation "M2" or "M2-1" refers to the non-glycosylated Matrix protein of paramyxoviruses, preferably of RSV.
The abbreviation "P" refers to the Phosphoprotein of paramyxoviruses, preferably of
RSV.
The abbreviation "NS1" and "NS2" refer to the non-structural proteins 1 and 2 of paramyxoviruses, preferably of RSV.
The abbreviation "L" refers to the catalytic subunit of the polymerase of paramyxoviruses, preferably of RSV.
The term "expression system" as used herein refers to a system designed to produce one or more gene products of interest. Typically, such system is designed "artificially", i.e. by gene- technological means usable to produce the gene product of interest either in vitro in cell-free systems or in vivo in cell-based systems. It is understood that naturally occurring expression systems such as for instance native viruses are not encompassed by the expression system of the present invention. The "gene product of interest" typically refers to a macromolecule such as but not limited to RNA, peptide, polypeptide, or protein, or segment, epitope, or fragment thereof.
In an expression system the gene product of interest is encoded for by one or more nucleic acid molecules. Nucleic acid molecules are understood as a polymeric macromolecules made from nucleotide monomers. Nucleotide monomers are composed of a nucleobase, a five- carbon sugar (such as but not limited to ribose or 2'-deoxyribose), and one to three phosphate groups. Typically, a polynucleotide is formed through phosphodiester bonds between the individual nucleotide monomers. In the context of the present invention referred to nucleic acid molecules include but are not limited to ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The terms "polynucleotide" and "nucleic acid" are used interchangeably herein.
In cell-free expression systems isolated polynucleotides are used as template for in vitro translation reactions. In cell-based expression systems polynucleotides are comprised on one or more vectors. As used herein, the term "vector" refers to a protein or a polynucleotide or a mixture thereof which is capable of being introduced or of introducing the proteins and/or nucleic acid comprised therein into a cell. In the context of the present invention it is preferred that the genes of interest encoded by the introduced polynucleotide are expressed within the cell upon introduction of the vector or vectors. Examples of suitable vectors include but are not limited to plasmids, cosmids, phages, viruses or artificial chromosomes.
The phrase "induction of T cell response" refers to the generation or the re-stimulation of virus specific CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. The expression system of the invention can induce or re- stimulate a T cell mediated adaptive response directed to the MHC class I or class II epitopes present in the viral proteins expressed by the polynucleotide. Such T cell response can be measured by art known methods, preferably by ex-vivo re-stimulation of T cells with synthetic peptides spanning the entire viral proteins and analysis of proliferation or Interferon-gamma production.
The phrase "induction of B cell response" refers to the generation or the re-stimulation of virus specific B cells producing immunoglobulins of class IgG or IgA. The expression system of the invention can induce or re-stimulate B cells producing antibodies specific for viral antigens expressed by the polynucleotide. Such B cell response can be measured by ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immuno Stained Assay) assay with the synthetic antigen of serum or mucosal immunoglobulin. Alternatively the induced antibody titer can be measured by virus neutralization assays.
In an expression system, a gene of interest may be encoded by a single polynucleotide or by several separate polynucleotides. In cell-based expression systems one or more polynucleotides may be comprised on a single or on several separate vectors. Each of these polynucleotides may encode the whole or a part of the gene product of interest.
Furthermore, expression systems may encompass "expression control sequences" that regulate the expression of the gene of interest. Typically, expression control sequences are polypeptides or polynucleotides such as but not limited to promoters, enhancers, silencers, insulators, or repressors.
Accordingly, a vector comprising one or more polynucleotides encoding for one or more gene products of interest may comprise further expression control sequences. In a vector comprising more than one polynucleotide encoding for one or more gene products of interest, the expression may be controlled together or separately by one or more expression control sequences. More specifically, each polynucleotide comprised on the vector may be control by a separate expression control sequence or all polynucleotides comprised on the vector may be controlled by a single expression control sequence. Polynucleotides comprised on a single vector controlled by a single expression control sequences preferably form an open reading frame.
The term "expression system" further encompasses the expression of the gene product of interest comprising the transcription of the polynucleotides, RNA splicing, translation into a polypeptide, and post-translational modification of a polypeptide or protein.
The term "open reading frame" (ORF) refers to a sequence of nucleotides, that can be translated into amino acids. Typically, such an ORF contains a start codon, a subsequent region usually having a length which is a multiple of 3 nucleotides, but does not contain a stop codon (TAG, TAA, TGA, UAG, UAA, or UGA) in the given reading frame. Typically, ORFs occur naturally or are constructed artificially, i.e. by gene-technological means. An ORF codes for a protein where the amino acids into which it can be translated form a peptide-linked chain.
The terms "protein" and "polypeptide" are used interchangeably herein and refer to any peptide-linked chain of amino acids, regardless of length or post-translational modification.
The term "post-translational" used herein refers to events that occur after the translation of a nucleotide triplet into an amino acid and the formation of a peptide bond to the proceeding amino acid in the sequence. Such post-translational events may occur after the entire polypeptide was formed or already during the translation process on those parts of the polypeptide that have already been translated. Post-translational events typically alter or modify the chemical or structural properties of the resultant polypeptide. Examples of post-translational events include but are not limited to events such as glycosylation or phosphorylation of amino acids, or cleavage of the peptide chain, e.g. by an endopeptidase.
The term "co-translational" used herein refers to events that occur during the translation process of a nucleotide triplet into an amino acid chain. Those events typically alter or modify the chemical or structural properties of the resultant amino acid chain. Examples of co- translational events include but are not limited to events that may stop the translation process entirely or interrupted the peptide bond formation resulting in two discreet translation products.
As used herein, the term "polyprotein" refers to an amino acid chain that comprises, or essentially consists of or consists of two amino acid chains that are not naturally connected to each other. The polyprotein may comprise one or more further amino acid chains. Each amino acid chain is preferably a complete protein, i.e. spanning an entire ORF, or a fragment, domain or epitope thereof. The individual parts of a polyprotein may either be permanently or temporarily connected to each other. Parts of a polyprotein that are permanently connected are translated from a single ORF and are not later separated co- or post-translationally. Parts of polyproteins that are connected temporarily may also derive from a single ORF but are divided co-translationally due to separation during the translation process or post-translationally due to cleavage of the peptide chain, e.g. by an endopeptidase. Additionally or alternatively, parts of a polyprotein may also be derived from two different ORF and are connected post-translationally, for instance through covalent bonds.
Proteins or polyproteins usable in the present invention (including protein derivatives, protein variants, protein fragments, protein segments, protein epitops and protein domains) can be further modified by chemical modification. This means such a chemically modified polypeptide comprises other chemical groups than the 20 naturally occurring amino acids. Examples of such other chemical groups include without limitation glycosylated amino acids and phosphorylated amino acids. Chemical modifications of a polypeptide may provide advantageous properties as compared to the parent polypeptide, e.g. one or more of enhanced stability, increased biological half-life, or increased water solubility. Chemical modifications applicable to the variants usable in the present invention include without limitation: PEGylation, glycosylation of non-glycosylated parent polypeptides, or the modification of the glycosylation pattern present in the parent polypeptide. Such chemical modifications applicable to the variants usable in the present invention may occur co- or post-translational.
The term "segment" refers to any part of a macromolecule (e.g. a polypeptide, protein or polyprotein) into which this macromolecule can be divided. A macromolecule may consist of one or more segments. Such segmentation may exist due to functional (e.g. having immunoreactive features or membrane attachment functions) or structural (e.g. nucleotide or amino acid sequence, or secondary or tertiary structure) properties of the macromolecule and/or the individual segment. In the context of the present invention it is preferred that the term "segment" refers to a part of a protein or polyprotein. It is particularly preferred that such segment folds and/or functions independently of the rest of the protein or polyprotein. An "epitope", also known as antigenic determinant, is the segment of a macromolecule that is recognized by the immune system, specifically by antibodies, B cells, or T cells. Such epitope is that part or segment of a macromolecule capable of binding to an antibody or antigen- binding fragment thereof. In this context, the term "binding" preferably relates to a specific binding. In the context of the present invention it is preferred that the term "epitope" refers to the segment of protein or polyprotein that is recognized by the immune system. Epitopes usually consist of chemically active surface groupings of molecules such as amino acids or sugar side chains and usually have specific three-dimensional structural characteristics, as well as specific charge characteristics. Conformational and non-conformational epitopes are distinguished in that the binding to the former but not the latter is lost in the presence of denaturing solvents.
As used herein, the term "domain" refers to the segment of a protein or polyprotein sequence or structure (or corresponding nucleotide sequence) that can evolve, function, and/or exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. Typically, a protein consists of one or several domains with each of them being three-dimensional structure that are stable and folded independently of the rest of the protein chain. Such domain typically forms an independent functional unit within the protein (e.g. transmembrane-domains, immunoglobulin-like domains, or DNA-binding domains).
As used herein, the term protein or segment "variant" is to be understood as a polypeptide (or segment) which differs in comparison to the polypeptide (or segment, epitop, or domain) from which it is derived by one or more changes in the amino acid sequence. The polypeptide from which a protein variant is derived is also known as the parent polypeptide. Likewise, the segment from which a segment variant is derived from is known as the parent segment. Typically, a variant is constructed artificially, preferably by gene-technological means. Typically, the parent polypeptide is a wild-type protein or wild-type protein domain. In the context of the present invention it is further preferred that a parent polypeptide (or parent segment) is the consensus sequence of two or more wild-type polypeptides (or wild-type segments). Further, the variants usable in the present invention may also be derived from homologs, orthologs, or paralogs of the parent polypeptide or from artificially constructed variant, provided that the variant exhibits at least one biological activity of the parent polypeptide. The changes in the amino acid sequence may be amino acid exchanges, insertions, deletions, N-terminal truncations, or C-terminal truncations, or any combination of these changes, which may occur at one or several sites. In preferred embodiments, a variant usable in the present invention exhibits a total number of up to 200 (up to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 1 10, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, or 200) changes in the amino acid sequence (i.e. exchanges, insertions, deletions, N-terminal truncations, and/or C-terminal truncations). The amino acid exchanges may be conservative and/or non-conservative. In preferred embodiments, a variant usable in the present invention differs from the protein or domain from which it is derived by up to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, or 100 amino acid exchanges, preferably conservative amino acid changes.
Alternatively or additionally, a "variant" as used herein, can be characterized by a certain degree of sequence identity to the parent polypeptide or parent polynucleotide from which it is derived. More precisely, a protein variant in the context of the present invention exhibits at least 80% sequence identity to its parent polypeptide. A polynucleotide variant in the context of the present invention exhibits at least 80% sequence identity to its parent polynucleotide. Preferably, the sequence identity of protein variants is over a continuous stretch of 20, 30, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 or more amino acids. Preferably, the sequence identity of polynucleotide variants is over a continuous stretch of 60, 90, 120, 135, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300 or more nucleotides.
The term "at least 80% sequence identity" is used throughout the specification with regard to polypeptide and polynucleotide sequence comparisons. This expression preferably refers to a sequence identity of at least 80%, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%», at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% to the respective reference polypeptide or to the respective reference polynucleotide. Preferably, the polypeptide in question and the reference polypeptide exhibit the indicated sequence identity over a continuous stretch of 20, 30, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 or more amino acids or over the entire length of the reference polypeptide. Preferably, the polynucleotide in question and the reference polynucleotide exhibit the indicated sequence identity over a continuous stretch of 60, 90, 120, 135, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300 or more nucleotides or over the entire length of the reference polypeptide.
Variants may additionally or alternatively comprise deletions of amino acids, which may be N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations or internal deletions or any combination of these. Such variants comprising N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations and/or internal deletions are referred to as "deletion variant" or "fragments" in the context of the present application. The terms "deletion variant" and "fragment" are used interchangeably herein. A fragment may be naturally occurring (e.g. splice variants) or it may be constructed artificially, preferably by gene-technological means. Preferably, a fragment (or deletion variant) has a deletion of up to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, or 100 amino acids at its N-terminus and/or at its C-terminus and/or internally as compared to the parent polypeptide, preferably at its N-terminus, at its N- and C-terminus, or at its C-terminus. In case where two sequences are compared and the reference sequence is not specified in comparison to which the sequence identity percentage is to be calculated, the sequence identity is to be calculated with reference to the longer of the two sequences to be compared, if not specifically indicated otherwise. If the reference sequence is indicated, the sequence identity is determined on the basis of the full length of the reference sequence indicated by SEQ ID, if not specifically indicated otherwise. For example, a peptide sequence consisting of 50 amino acids compared to the amino acid sequence of protein F according to SEQ ID NO: 1 may exhibit a maximum sequence identity percentage of 10.04% (50/498) while a sequence with a length of 249 amino acids may exhibit a maximum sequence identity percentage of 50.00% (249/498).
The similarity of nucleotide and amino acid sequences, i.e. the percentage of sequence identity, can be determined via sequence alignments. Such alignments can be carried out with several art-known algorithms, preferably with the mathematical algorithm of Karlin and Altschul (Karlin & Altschul (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 5873-5877), with hmmalign (HMMER package, http://hmmer.wustl.edu ) or with the CLUSTAL algorithm (Thompson, J. D., Higgins, D. G. & Gibson, T. J. (1994) Nucleic Acids Res. 22, 4673-80) available e.g. on http://www.ebi.ac.uk Tools/clustalw/ or on http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/clustalw2/index.html or on http://npsa-pbil.ibcp.fr/cgi-bin/npsa_automat.pl?page=/NPSA/npsa_clustalw.html. Preferred parameters used are the default parameters as they are set on http://www.ebi.ac.uk Tools/clustalw/ or http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/clustalw2/index.html. The grade of sequence identity (sequence matching) may be calculated using e.g. BLAST, BLAT or BlastZ (or BlastX). A similar algorithm is incorporated into the BLASTN and BLASTP programs of Altschul et al. (1990) J. Mol. Biol. 215: 403-410. BLAST polynucleotide searches are performed with the BLASTN program, score = 100, word length = 12, to obtain polynucleotide sequences that are homologous to those nucleic acids which encode F, N, or M2- 1. BLAST protein searches are performed with the BLASTP program, score = 50, word length = 3, to obtain amino acid sequences homologous to the F polypeptide, N polypeptide, or M2-1 polypeptide. To obtain gapped alignments for comparative purposes, Gapped BLAST is utilized as described in Altschul et al. (1997) Nucleic Acids Res. 25: 3389-3402. When utilizing BLAST and Gapped BLAST programs, the default parameters of the respective programs are used. Sequence matching analysis may be supplemented by established homology mapping techniques like Shuffle-LAGAN (Brudno M., Bioinformatics 2003b, 19 Suppl 1 :154-162) or Markov random fields. When percentages of sequence identity are referred to in the present application, these percentages are calculated in relation to the full length of the longer sequence, if not specifically indicated otherwise. "Hybridization" can also be used as a measure of sequence identity or homology between two nucleic acid sequences. A nucleic acid sequence encoding F, N, or M2-1, or a portion of any of these can be used as a hybridization probe according to standard hybridization techniques. The hybridization of an F, N, or M2-1 probe to DNA or RNA from a test source is an indication of the presence of the F DNA or RNA, N DNA or RNA, or M2-1 DNA or RNA, respectively, in the test source. Hybridization conditions are known to those skilled in the art and can be found, for example, in Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons, N. Y., 6.3.1-6.3.6, 1991. "Moderate hybridization conditions" are defined as equivalent to hybridization in 2X sodium chloride/sodium citrate (SSC) at 30°C, followed by a wash in IX SSC, 0.1% SDS at 50°C. "Highly stringent conditions" are defined as equivalent to hybridization in 6X sodium chloride/sodium citrate (SSC) at 45°C, followed by a wash in 0.2 X SSC, 0.1 % SDS at 65°C.
Additionally or alternatively a deletion variant may occur not due to structural deletions of the respective amino acids as described above, but due to these amino acids being inhibited or otherwise not able to fulfill their biological function. Typically, such functional deletion occurs due to the insertions to or exchanges in the amino acid sequence that changes the functional properties of the resultant protein, such as but not limited to alterations in the chemical properties of the resultant protein (i.e. exchange of hydrophobic amino acids to hydrophilic amino acids), alterations in the post-translational modifications of the resultant protein (e.g. post-translational cleavage or glycosylation pattern), or alterations in the secondary or tertiary protein structure. Additionally or alternatively, a functional deletion may also occur due to transcriptional or post- transcriptional gene silencing (e.g. via siRNA) or the presence or absence of inhibitory molecules such as but not limited to protein inhibitors or inhibitory antibodies.
In the context of the present invention it is preferred that a protein (or a segment or a domain or an epitope) being "functionally deleted" refers to the fact that the amino acids or nucleotides of the corresponding sequence are either deleted or present but not fulfilling their biological function.
As used herein, the term "consensus" refers to an amino acid or nucleotide sequence that represents the results of a multiple sequence alignment, wherein related sequences were compared to each other. Such consensus sequence is composed of the amino acids or nucleotides most commonly observed at each position. In the context of the present invention it is preferred that the sequences used in the sequence alignment to obtain the consensus sequence are sequences of different viral subtypes strains isolated in various different disease outbreaks worldwide. Each individual sequence used in the sequence alignment is referred to as the sequence of a particular virus "isolate". A more detailed description of the mathematical methods to obtain such consensus is provided in the Example section. In case that for a given position no "consensus nucleotide" or "consensus amino acid" can be determined, e.g. because only two isolates were compared, than it is preferred that the amino acid of each one of the isolates is used. The resulting protein is assessed for its respective B cell and/or T cell inducing ability.
A "peptide linker" (or short: "linker") in the context of the present invention refers to an amino acid sequence of between 1 and 100 amino acids. In preferred embodiments, a peptide linker according to the present invention has a minimum length of at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 1 1, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, or 30 amino acids. In further preferred embodiments, a peptide linker according to the present invention has a maximum length of 100, 95, 90, 85, 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, 50, 45, 40, 35, 34, 33, 32, 31, 30, 29, 28, 27, 26, 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, or 15 amino acids or less. It is preferred that peptide linkers provide flexibility among the two amino acid proteins, fragments, segments, epitopes and/or domains that are linked together. Such flexibility is generally increased if the amino acids are small. Thus, preferably the peptide linker of the present invention has an increased content of small amino acids, in particular of glycins, alanines, serines, threonines, leucines and isoleucines. Preferably, more than 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% or more of the amino acids of the peptide linker are small amino acids. In a preferred embodiment the amino acids of the linker are selected from glycines and serines. In especially preferred embodiments, the above-indicated preferred minimum and maximum lengths of the peptide linker according to the present invention may be combined, if such a combination makes mathematically sense. In further preferred embodiments, the peptide linker of the present invention is non-immunogenic; in particularly preferred embodiments, the peptide linker is non-immunogenic to humans.
The term "cleavage site" as used herein refers to an amino acid sequence or nucleotide sequence where this sequence directs the division, e.g. because it is recognized by a cleaving enzyme, and/or can be divided. Typically, a polypeptide chain is cleaved by hydrolysis of one or more peptide bonds that link the amino acids and a polynucleotide chain is cleaved by hydrolysis of one or more of the phosphodiester bond between the nucleotides. Cleavage of peptide- or phosphodiester-bonds may originate from chemical or enzymatic cleavage. Enzymatic cleavage refers to such cleavage being attained by proteolytic enzymes including but not limited to restriction endonuclease (e.g. type I, type II, type II, type IV or artificial restriction enzymes) and endo- or exo-peptidases or -proteases (e.g. serine-proteases, cysteine-proteases, metallo- proteases, threonine proteases, aspartate proteases, glutamic acid proteases). Typically, enzymatic cleavage occurs due to self-cleavage or is effected by an independent proteolytic enzyme. Enzymatic cleavage of a protein or polypeptide can happen either co- or post- translational. Accordingly, the term "endopeptidase cleavage site" used herein, refers to a cleavage cite within the amino acid or nucleotide sequence where this sequence is cleaved or is cleavable by an endopeptidase (e.g. trypsin, pepsin, elastase, thrombin, collagenase, furin, thermolysin, endopeptidase V8, cathepsins).
Alternatively, the term "cleavage site" refers to an amino acid sequence or nucleotide sequence that prevents the formation of peptide- or phosphodiester-bonds between amino acids or nucleotides, respectively. For instance, the bond formation may be prevented due to co- translational self-processing of the polypeptide or polyprotein resulting in two discontinuous translation products being derived from a single translation event of a single open reading frame. Typically, such self-processing is effected by a "ribosomal skip" caused by a pseudo stop-codon sequence that induces the translation complex to move from one codon to the next without forming a peptide bond. Examples of sequences inducing a ribosomal skip include but are not limited to viral 2A peptides or 2A-like peptide (herein both are collectively referred to as "2A peptide" or interchangeably as "2A site" or "2A cleavage site") which are used by several families of viruses, including Picornavirus, insect viruses, Aphtoviridae, Rotaviruses and Trypanosoma. Best known are 2A sites of rhinovirus and foot-and-mouth disease virus of the Picornaviridae family which are typically used for producing multiple polypeptides from a single ORF.
Accordingly, the term "self-cleavage site" as used herein refers to a cleavage site within the amino acid or nucleotide sequence where this sequence is cleaved or is cleavable without such cleavage involving any additional molecule or where the peptide- or phosphodiester-bond formation in this sequence is prevented in the first place (e.g. through co-translational self- processing as described above).
It is understood that cleavage sites typically comprise several amino acids or are encoded by several codons (e.g. in those cases, wherein the "cleavage site" is not translated into protein but leads to an interruption of translation). Thus, the cleavage site may also serve the purpose of a peptide linker, i.e. sterically separates two peptides. Thus, in some embodiments a "cleavage site" is both a peptide linker and provides above described cleavage function. In this embodiment the cleavage site may encompass additional N- and/or C-terminal amino acids.
The term "host cell" as used herein refers to a cell that harbours a vector (e.g. a plasmid or virus). Such host cell may either be a prokaryotic (e.g. a bacterial cell) or a eukaryotic cell (e.g. a fungal, plant or animal cell).
"Pharmaceutically acceptable" means approved by a regulatory agency of the Federal or a state government or listed in the U.S. Pharmacopeia or other generally recognized pharmacopeia for use in animals, and more particularly in humans. The term "carrier", as used herein, refers to a pharmacologically inactive substance such as but not limited to a diluent, excipient, or vehicle with which the therapeutically active ingredient is administered. Such pharmaceutical carriers can be liquid or solid. Liquid carrier include but are not limited to sterile liquids, such as saline solutions in water and oils, including those of petroleum, animal, vegetable or synthetic origin, such as peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil and the like. Saline solutions and aqueous dextrose and glycerol solutions can also be employed as liquid carriers, particularly for injectable solutions. A saline solution is a preferred carrier when the pharmaceutical composition is administered intravenously.
Suitable pharmaceutical excipients include starch, glucose, lactose, sucrose, gelatin, malt, rice, flour, chalk, silica gel, sodium stearate, glycerol monostearate, talc, sodium chloride, dried skim milk, glycerol, propylene, glycol, water, ethanol and the like.
Examples of suitable pharmaceutical carriers are described in "Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences" by E. W. Martin.
The term "composition" is intended to include the formulation of the active compound with encapsulating material as a carrier providing a capsule in which the active component with or without other carriers, is surrounded by a carrier, which is thus, in association with it.
The term "adjuvant" refers to agents that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response to the active ingredient of the composition at either the cellular or humoral level, e.g. immunologic adjuvants stimulate the response of the immune system to the actual antigen, but have no immunological effect themselves. Examples of such adjuvants include but are not limited to inorganic adjuvants (e.g. inorganic metal salts such as aluminium phosphate or aluminium hydroxide), organic adjuvants (e.g. saponins or squalene), oil-based adjuvants (e.g. Freund's complete adjuvant and Freund's incomplete adjuvant), cytokines (e.g. IL-Ι β, IL-2, IL-7, IL-12, IL-18, GM-CFS, and INF-γ) particulate adjuvants (e.g. immuno- stimulatory complexes (ISCOMS), liposomes, or biodegradable microspheres), virosomes, bacterial adjuvants (e.g. monophosphoryl lipid A, or muramyl peptides), synthetic adjuvants (e.g. non-ionic block copolymers, muramyl peptide analogues, or synthetic lipid A), or synthetic polynucleotides adjuvants (e.g polyarginine or polylysine).
The term "active ingredient" refers to the substance in a pharmaceutical composition or formulation that is biologically active, i.e. that provides pharmaceutical value. A pharmaceutical composition may comprise one or more active ingredients which may act in conjunction with or independently of each other.
The active ingredient can be formulated as neutral or salt forms. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include those formed with free amino groups such as those derived from hydrochloric, phosphoric, acetic, oxalic, tartaric acids, etc., and those formed with free carboxyl groups such as but not limited to those derived from sodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium, ferric hydroxides, isopropylamine, triethylamine, 2-ethylamino ethanol, histidine, procaine, and the like.
As used herein, a "patient" means any mammal, reptile or bird that may benefit from a treatment with a tumour vaccine described herein. Preferably, a "patient" is selected from the group consisting of laboratory animals (e.g. mouse or rat), domestic animals (including e.g. guinea pig, rabbit, horse, donkey, cow, sheep, goat, pig, chicken, camel, cat, dog, turtle, tortoise, snake, or lizard), or primates including chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and human beings. It is particularly preferred that the "patient" is a human being.
As used herein, "treat", "treating" or "treatment" of a disease or disorder means accomplishing one or more of the following: (a) reducing the severity of the disorder; (b) limiting or preventing development of symptoms characteristic of the disorder(s) being treated; (c) inhibiting worsening of symptoms characteristic of the disorder(s) being treated; (d) limiting or preventing recurrence of the disorder(s) in patients that have previously had the disorder(s); and (e) limiting or preventing recurrence of symptoms in patients that were previously symptomatic for the disorder(s).
As used herein, "prevent", "preventing", "prevention", or "prophylaxis" of a disease or disorder means preventing that such disease or disorder occurs in patient.
As used herein, "administering" includes in vivo administration, as well as administration directly to tissue ex vivo, such as vein grafts.
An "effective amount" is an amount of a therapeutic agent sufficient to achieve the intended purpose. The effective amount of a given therapeutic agent will vary with factors such as the nature of the agent, the route of administration, the size and species of the animal to receive the therapeutic agent, and the purpose of the administration. The effective amount in each individual case may be determined empirically by a skilled artisan according to established methods in the art.
Embodiments of the Invention
The present invention will now be further described. In the following passages different aspects of the invention are defined in more detail. Each aspect so defined may be combined with any other aspect or aspects unless clearly indicated to the contrary. In particular, any feature indicated as being preferred or advantageous may be combined with any other feature or features indicated as being preferred or advantageous.
In a first aspect the invention provides an expression system comprising a first polynucleotide encoding at least one viral protein of a paramyxovirus or variant thereof, which induces a T cell response and a second polynucleotide encoding at least one viral protein of a paramyxovirus or variant thereof, which induces a B cell response. One of the advantages provided by the present invention is the fact that the T cell response to the protein inducing a T cell response can be enhanced, if at the same time a protein inducing a B cell response is administered.
In the context of the present invention the term "expression system" preferably refers to one or more polynucleotide sequences comprising in addition to the first and second polynucleotide the elements to direct transcription and translation of the proteins encoded by the first and second or any further polynucleotide, which may be included in the preferred embodiments outlined below. Such elements included promoter and enhancer elements to direct transcription of mRNA in a cell-free or a cell-based based system, preferably a cell-based system. In another embodiment, wherein the polynucleotides are provided as translatable RNAs is envisioned that the expression system comprises those elements that are necessary for translation and/or stabilization of RNAs encoding the T cell and B cell inducing protein, e.g. polyA-tail, IRES, cap structures etc.
The first polynucleotide encodes a viral protein of a paramyxovirus or variant thereof which induces a reaction of the immune system (i.e. immune response) in a host which is mediated by T cells. A T cell response involves the activation of antigen-specific T lymphocyte such as but not limited to cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), T helper cells (TH cells), central memory T cells (TCM cells), effector memory T cells (TEM cells), and regulatory T cells (Treg cells). A T cell response against a protein is induced, if peptides of the protein are processed within the cell and presented to T cells on the surface of the cell via the MHC I or MHC II pathway. Thus, in the context of the present invention preferably those viral proteins or parts thereof are used for inducing a T cell response that are normally not exposed on the outside of the virus, e.g. non structural proteins or parts of structural proteins not accessible to B-cells on the outside of the virus.
The second polynucleotide encodes a viral protein of a paramyxovirus or variant thereof that induces a B cell response. A B cell response is an immune response based on the activation of B lymphocytes, which produce and secrete antigen specific antibodies. B cells involved in such immune response include but are not limited to plasma B cells, memory B cells and B-l cells. Thus, in the context of the present invention preferably those viral proteins or parts thereof are used for inducing a B cell response that are exposed on the outside of the virus, e.g. structural proteins or at least those parts of structural proteins accessible to B-cells on the outside of the virus. It is preferred that the paramyxovirus whose viral proteins are encoded for by the first and second polynucleotide is selected from the subfamily of Pneumovirinae, Paramyxovirinae, Fer- de-Lance-Virus, Nariva- Virus, Salem-Virus, Tupaia-Paramyxovirus, Bellong- Virus, J-Virus, Menangle-Virus, Mossmann-Virus, and Murayama- Virus. In even more preferred embodiments, the Pneumovirinae is selected from the group consisting of Pneumovirus, preferably human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), murine pneumonia virus, bovine RSV, ovine RSV, caprine RSV, turkey rinotracheitis virus, and Metapneumovirus, preferably human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and avian metapneumovirus.
In embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the first and the second polynucleotide are comprised on separate vectors or on the same vector. Accordingly, the first polynucleotide may be comprised on one vector and the second polynucleotide may be comprised on a second vector. Alternatively or additionally, the first and the second polynucleotide may be comprised on the same vector. It is preferred that the first and the second polynucleotide are comprised on the same vector. It is particularly preferred that the first and the second polynucleotide comprised on the same vector are linked in such that they are expressed as a viral-polyprotein. Preferably, the first and the second polynucleotide form an open reading frame.
In preferred embodiments of the first aspect the viral protein of a paramyxovirus, which induces a T cell response is a non-structural protein of a paramyxovirus, and/or the viral protein of a paramyxovirus, which induces a B cell response is a structural protein of a paramyxovirus.
It is preferred that the amino acid sequence of the structural and/or non-structural protein comprises consecutive segments or a consensus sequence of one or more different paramyxovirus isolates.
In the context of the present invention it is preferred that the term "segment" refers to a part of a protein or polyprotein. It is particularly preferred that such segment folds and/or functions independently of the rest of the protein or polyprotein such as but not limited to a domain, an epitope or a fragment thereof. It is understood that a protein variant in the context of the present invention differs in comparison to its parent polypeptide in changes in the amino acid sequence such as amino acid exchanges, insertions, deletions, N-terminal truncations, or C- terminal truncations, or any combination of these changes, which may occur at one or several sites whereby the variant exhibits at least 80% sequence identity to its parent polypeptide.
In preferred embodiments, the structural protein is a protein exposed on the surface of the native paramyxovirus or a variant thereof. It is preferred that the structural protein triggers a T- cell independent immune response such as but not limited to an antibody mediated immune response or an activation of the complement system. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the structural protein induces an antibody mediated immune response. Such antibody mediated immune response is based on the activation of B cells which produce and secrete antigen specific antibodies. B cells involved in such immune response include but are not limited to plasma B cells, memory B cells and B-l cells.
In a further preferred embodiment, the membrane attachment domain of the protein exposed on the surface of the native paramyxovirus or variant thereof is functionally deleted, thus, either being structurally deleted or structurally present but not fulfilling its biological function. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the amino acid sequence corresponding to the membrane attachment domain is deleted. The deletion of the membrane attachment region serves the purpose of ascertaining that the B cell response inducing protein is secreted from the cell into which the expression system of the invention has been introduced.
In a further preferred embodiment the B cell response inducing protein comprises a secretion signal, which targets the protein to the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER). Such secretion signals are present preferably in the context of a deleted membrane attachment domain. The skilled person is well aware of various such secretion signals, which may be used as heterologous secretion signals, e.g. added to the N-terminus of the B cell response inducing viral protein. Alternatively or additionally a naturally occurring secretion signal may be used, which is present in the majority of structural viral proteins. Thus, if naturally present in the respective structural protein it is preferred that the secretion signal is maintained in a modified version of the structural protein.
It is further preferred that the structural protein of the native paramyxovirus is selected from the group consisting of fusion protein (F) and any of the attachment glycoproteins G, H, and HN.
The attachment glycoproteins are found in all enveloped viruses and mediate the initial interaction between the viral envelope and the plasma membrane of the host cell via their binding to carbohydrate moieties or cell adhesion domains of proteins or other molecules on the plasma membrane of the host cell. Thereby, attachment glycoproteins bridge the gap between the virus and the membrane of the host cell. Attachment glycoproteins designated as "H" possess hemagglutinin activity and are found in morbilliviruses and henipaviruses, glycoproteins designated as "HN possess hemagglutinin and neuraminidase activities and are found in respiroviruses, rubulaviruses and avulaviruses. Attachment glycoproteins are designated as "G" when they have neither haemagglutination nor neuraminidase activity. G attachment glycoproteins can be found in all members of Pneumovirinae.
Fusion protein "F" is found in all enveloped viruses and mediates the fusion of the viral envelope with the plasma membrane of the host cell. F is a type I glycoprotein that recognizes receptors present on the cell surface of the host cell to which it binds. F consists of a fusion peptide adjacent to which the transmembrane domains are located, followed by two heptad repeat (HR) regions, HR1 and HR2, respectively. Upon insertion of the fusion peptide into the plasma membrane of the host cell, the HR1 region forms a trimeric coiled coil structure into whose hydrophobic grooves the HR2 regions folds back. Thereby, a hairpin structure is formed that draws the viral lipid bilayer and cellular plasma membrane even closer together and allows for the formation of a fusion pore and consecutively the complete fusion of both lipid bilayers enabling the virus capsid to enter into the cytoplasm of the host cell. All of these features are common in fusion-mediating proteins of enveloped viruses.
In a preferred embodiment of the first aspect, F comprises, essentially consists of or consists of an amino acid sequence of F of one RSV isolate or a consensus amino acid sequence of two or more different RSV isolates, preferably according to SEQ ID NO 1, more preferably according to SEQ ID NO 2 or a variant thereof.
In embodiments of the first aspect, the non-structural protein is a conserved internal protein suitable for inducing a T cell mediated immune response against the virus involving the activation of antigen-specific T lymphocyte such as but not limited to cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), T helper cells (TH cells), central memory T cells (TCM cells), effector memory T cells (TEM cells), and regulatory T cells (Treg cells). Thus, preferably the T cell inducing viral protein does not comprise a secretion signal.
Preferably, the non-structural protein is selected from the group consisting of nucleoprotein N, Matrix proteins M and M2, Phosphoprotein P, non structural proteins NS1 and NS2, and the catalytic subunit of the polymerase (L).
The nucleoprotein N serves several functions which include the encapsidation of the RNA genome into a RNAase-resistant nucleocapsid. N also interacts with the M protein during virus assembly and interacts with the P-L polymerase during transcription and replication of the genome.
The matrix protein M is the most abundant protein in paramyxovirus and is considered to be the central organizer of viral morphology by interacting with the cytoplasmatic tail of the integral membrane proteins and the nucleocapsid. M2 is a second membrane-associated protein that is not glycosylated and is mainly found in pneumovirus.
Phosphoprotein P binds to the N and L proteins and forms part of the RNA polymerase complex in all paramyxoviruses. Large protein L is the catalytic subunit of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
The function of non-structural proteins NS1 and NS2 has not yet been identified; however, there are indications that they are involved in the viral replication cycle. In preferred embodiments, N comprises an amino acid sequence of N, of one RSV isolate or a consensus amino acid sequence of two or more different RSV isolates, preferably according to SEQ ID NO 3 and wherein M2 comprises an amino acid sequence of M2 of one RSV isolate or a consensus amino acid sequence of two or more different RSV isolates, preferably according to SEQ ID NO 5. It is further preferred that wherein N comprises the amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO 4 and M2 comprises the amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO 5.
In the context of the present invention, the structural protein encoded by the first polynucleotide is located either N- or C-terminally with respect to the non-structural protein encoded by the second polynucleotide. In a preferred embodiment, the non-structural protein encoded by the second polynucleotide is located C-terminally with respect to the structural protein encoded by the first polynucleotide.
More specifically, N, M, M2, P, NSl, NS2, or L can be located N- or C-terminally of F, G, H, or HN. Preferably, N, M, M2, P, NSl , NS2, or L are located C-terminally of F, G, H, or HN. In a more preferred embodiment N or M2 are located C-terminally of F. In a particularly preferred embodiment N is located C-terminally of F.
Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention have the formula X-Y or Y-X, wherein "X" depicts F, G, H, or HN and "Y" depicts N, M, M2, P, NSl, NS2, or L and a "dash" depicts a peptide bond. Preferred arrangements are the following:
F-N, G-N, H-N, HN-N, F-M, G-M, H-M, HN-M, F-M2, G-M2, H-M2, HN-M2, F-P, G- P, H-P, HN-P, F-NS1, G-NS1, H-NS1, HN-NS1 , F-NS2, G-NS2, H-NS2, HN-NS2, F-L, G-L, H-L, HN-L, N-F, N-G, N-H, N-HN, M-F, M-G, M-H, M-HN, M2-F, M2-G, M2-H, M2-HN, P- F, P-G, P-H, P-HN, NS 1 -FF, NS 1-G, NS1-H, NS 1-HN, NS2-F, NS2-G, NS2-H, NS2-HN, L-F, L-G, L-H, or L-HN.
It is within the scope of the present invention that every protein can be combined with any other protein.
In preferred embodiments of the first aspect, a polynucleotide encoding a cleavage site is positioned between the first polynucleotide and the second polynucleotide.
It is preferred that this cleavage site is either a self-cleaving site (i.e. a cleavage site within the amino acid sequence where this sequence is cleaved or is cleavable without such cleavage involving any additional molecule or where the peptide-bond formation in this sequence is prevented in the first place) or an endopeptidase cleavage site (i.e. a cleavage cite within the amino acid sequence where this sequence is cleaved or is cleavable by an endopeptidase, e.g. trypsin, pepsin, elastase, thrombin, collagenase, furin, thermolysin, endopeptidase V8, cathepsins). More preferably, the self-cleaving site is a 2A cleavage site selected from the group consisting of a viral 2A peptide or 2A-like peptide of Picornavirus, insect viruses, Aphtoviridae, Rotaviruses and Trypanosoma, preferably wherein the 2A cleavage site is the 2 A peptide of foot and mouth disease virus.
In the context of the present invention, the cleavage site can be positioned N-terminally with respect to the structural protein encoded by the first polynucleotide and C-terminally with respect to the non-structural protein encoded by the second polynucleotide. Alternatively the cleavage site can be positioned C-terminally with respect to the structural protein encoded by the first polynucleotide and N-terminally with respect to the non-structural protein encoded by the second polynucleotide. More specifically, the cleavage site can be positioned C- or N-terminally with respect to F, G, H, or HN and C- or N-terminally with respect to N, M, M2, P, NSl , NS2, or L. In a preferred embodiment the cleavage site is located N-terminally with respect to N, M, M2, P, NSl, NS2, or L and C-terminally with respect to F, G, H, or HN. It is particularly preferred that the cleavage site is located N-terminally with respect to N and C-terminally with respect to F.
Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention have the formula X-C-Y or Y-C-X, wherein "X" depicts F, G, H, or HN and "Y" depicts N, M, M2, P, NSl, NS2, or L, "C" depicts a cleavage site, and a "dash" depicts a peptide bond. Preferred arrangements are the following:
F-C-N, G-C-N, H-C-N, HN-C-N, F-C-M, G-C-M, H-C-M, HN-C-M, F-C-M2, G-C-M2, H-C-M2, HN-C-M2, F-C-P, G-C-P, H-C-P, HN-C-P, F-C-NS1 , G-C-NS1 , H-C-NS1 , HN-C- NS1, F-C-NS2, G-C-NS2, H-C-NS2, HN-C-NS2, F-C-L, G-C-L, H-C-L, HN-C-L, N-C-F, N-C- G, N-C-H, N-C-HN, M-C-F, M-C-G, M-C-H, M-C-HN, M2-C-F, M2-C-G, M2-C-H, M2-C-HN, P-C-F, P-C-G, P-C-H, P-C-HN, NS1-C-FF, NS1-C-G, NS1-C-H, NS1-C-HN, NS2-C-F, NS2-C- G, NS2-C-H, NS2-C-HN, L-C-F, L-C-G, L-C-H, or L-C-HN. Particularly, preferred is F-C-N.
It is within the scope of the present invention that every protein can be combined with any other protein and that any two proteins can or cannot be connected or linked by a cleavage site.
In preferred embodiment of the first aspect, the expression system further comprises a third polynucleotide encoding a non-structural protein of a paramyxovirus or a variant thereof. Preferably, the non-structural protein is of a paramyxovirus selected from the group consisting of Pneumovirinae, Paramyxovirinae, Fer-de-Lance-Virus, Nariva-Virus, Salem-Virus, Tupaia- Paramyxovirus, Beilong-Virus, J-Virus, Menangle-Virus, Mossmann-Virus, and Murayama- Virus, more preferably, the Pneumovirinae is selected from the group consisting of Pneumovirus, preferably human respiratory syncytical virus (RSV), murine pneumonia virus, bovine RSV, ovine RSV, caprine RSV, turkey rinotracheitis and Metapneumovirus, preferably human metapneumo virus, avaian metapneumovirus. In preferred embodiments the third polynucleotide is comprised on a separate or on the same vector as the first polynucleotide and/or the second polynucleotide.
Accordingly, the first polynucleotide is comprised on one vector and the second polynucleotide is comprised on a second vector and the third polynucleotide is comprised on a third vector. Alternatively or additionally, the first and the second polynucleotide are comprised on the same vector and the third polynucleotide is comprised on a separate vector, or the first and the third polynucleotide are comprised on the same vector and the second polynucleotide is comprised on a separate vector, or the second and the third polynucleotide are comprised on the same vector and the first polynucleotide is comprised on a separate vector. Alternatively or additionally, the first and the second and the third polynucleotide are comprised on the same vector. It is preferred that the first and the second and the third polynucleotide may be comprised on the same vector. It is particularly preferred that the first and the second and the third polynucleotide comprised on the same vector are linked in such that they are expressed as a viral-polyprotein. Preferably, the first and the second and the third polynucleotide comprised on the same vector form an open reading frame.
It is further preferred that the non-structural protein encoded by the third polynucleotide is a conserved internal protein suitable for inducing a T cell mediated immune response against the virus involving the activation of antigen-specific T lymphocyte such as but not limited to cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), T helper cells (TH cells), central memory T cells (TCM cells), effector memory T cells (TEM cells), and regulatory T cells (Treg cells).
Preferably, the non-structural protein is selected from the group consisting of nucleoprotein N, Matrix proteins M and M2, Phosphoprotein P, non structural proteins NS1 and NS2, and the catalytic subunit of the polymerase (L).
In preferred embodiments, N comprises an amino acid sequence of N, of one RSV isolate or a consensus amino acid sequence of two or more different RSV isolates, preferably according to SEQ ID NO 3 and wherein M2 comprises an amino acid sequence of M2 of one RSV isolate or a consensus amino acid sequence of two or more different RSV isolates, preferably according to SEQ ID NO 5. It is further preferred that wherein N comprises the amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO 4 and M2 comprises the amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO 5.
It is preferred that the non-structural protein encoded by the third polynucleotide differs from the non-structural protein encoded by the second polynucleotide.
The non-structural proteins encoded by the second and the third polynucleotide differ from each other in that they comprise amino acid sequences of different viral proteins. For instance, this means that the non-structural protein encoded by the second polynucleotide comprises the amino acid sequence of the N protein whilst the non-structural protein encoded by the second polynucleotide comprises the amino acid sequence of the M2 protein or vice versa.
The non-structural protein encoded by the third polynucleotide can be located either N- or C-terminally of the non-structural protein encoded by the second polynucleotide. In a preferred embodiment of the first aspect, the non-structural protein encoded by the third polynucleotide is located C-terminally of the non-structural protein encoded by the second polynucleotide. More specifically, N or M2 can be located N- or C-terminally of N or M2, preferably N is located C- terminally of M2.
In preferred embodiments a polynucleotide encoding a linker is positioned between the second polynucleotide and the third polynucleotide. It is preferred that the linker is a flexible linker, preferably a flexible linker comprising an amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO 6.
In embodiments of the first aspect, the viral protein encoded by the first polynucleotide is located C- or N-terminally with respect to the viral protein encoded by the second polynucleotide and/or the viral protein of the optional third polynucleotide is located C- or N-terminally with respect to the viral protein encoded by the second polynucleotide. More specifically, F, G, H, or HN are located C- or N-terminally with respect to N, M, M2, P, NS 1 , NS2, or L and N, M, M2, P, NS1, NS2, or L are located C- or N-terminally with respect to N or M2. In a preferred embodiment F is located N-terminally with respect to N and M2 is located C-terminally with respect to N.
Accordingly, preferred embodiments of the present invention have the formula X-K-Y, Y-K-X, X-K-Y- Y, Y-Y-K-X, X-Y-K-Y, Y-K-Y-X, X-K-Y-K-Y, Y-K-Y-K-X, X-C-Y, Y-C-X, X-C-Y-Y, Y- Y-C-X, X-Y-C-Y, Y-C-Y-X, X-C-Y-C-Y, Y-C-Y-C-X, X-K-Y-C-Y, Y-C-Y-K-X, X-C-Y-K-Y, or Y-K- Y-C-X, wherein "X" depicts F, G, H, or HN and "Y" depicts N, M, M2, P, NS 1 , NS2, or L, "K" indicates that one or more peptide linkers are present in this position, "C" indicates that one or more cleavage sites are present in this position and a "dash" depicts a peptide bond. Preferred arrangements are X-C-Y-K-Y. Even more preferred arrangements are the following:
F-K-N, G-K-N, H-K-N, HN-K-N, F-K-M, G-K-M, H-K-M, HN-K-M, F-K-M2, G-K- M2, H-K-M2, HN-K-M2, F-K-P, G-K-P, H-K-P, HN-K-P, F-K-NS1 , G-K-NS1, H-K-NS1, HN- K-NS1 , F-K-NS2, G-K-NS2, H-K-NS2, HN-K-NS2, F-K-L, G-K-L, H-K-L, HN-K-L, N-K-F, N-K-G, N-K-H, N-K-HN, M-K-F, M-K-G, M-K-H, M-K-HN, M2-K-F, M2-K-G, M2-K-H, M2- K-HN, P-K-F, P-K-G, P-K-H, P-K-HN, NS1-K-FF, NS1-K-G, NS1-K-H, NS1-K-HN, NS2-K-F, NS2-K-G, NS2-K-H, NS2-K-HN, L-K-F, L-K-G, L-K-H, L-K-HN, F-C-N, G-C-N, H-C-N, HN- C-N, F-C-M, G-C-M, H-C-M, HN-C-M, F-C-M2, G-C-M2, H-C-M2, HN-C-M2, F-C-P, G-C-P, H-C-P, HN-C-P, F-C-NS1, G-C-NS1, H-C-NS1, HN-C-NS1, F-C-NS2, G-C-NS2, H-C-NS2, HN-C-NS2, F-C-L, G-C-L, H-C-L, HN-C-L, N-C-F, N-C-G, N-C-H, N-C-HN, M-C-F, M-C-G, M-C-H, M-C-HN, M2-C-F, M2-C-G, M2-C-H, M2-C-HN, P-C-F, P-C-G, P-C-H, P-C-HN, NS1-C-FF, NS1-C-G, NS1-C-H, NS1-C-HN, NS2-C-F, NS2-C-G, NS2-C-H, NS2-C-HN, L-C- F, L-C-G, L-C-H, or L-C-HN, F-N-M, G-N-M, H-N-M, HN-N-M, F-N-M2, G-N-M2, H-N-M2, HN-N-M2, F-N-P, G-N-P, H-N-P, HN-N-P, F-N-NS1, G-N-NS1 , H-N-NS1, HN-N-NS1 , F-N- NS2, G-N-NS2, H-N-NS2, HN-N-NS2, F-N-L, G-N-L, H-N-L, HN-N-L, F-M-N, G-M-N, H-M- N, HN-M-N, F-M-P, G-M-P, H-M-P, HN-M-P, F-M-NSl, G-M-NSl, H-M-NSl , HN-M-NSl , F-M-NS2, G-M-NS2, H-M-NS2, HN-M-NS2, F-M-L, G-M-L, H-M-L, HN-M-L, F-M2-N, G- M2-N, H-M2-N, HN-M2-N, F-M2-P, G-M2-P, H-M2-P, HN-M2-P, F-M2-NS1 , G-M2-NS1 , H- M2-NS1, HN-M2-NS1, F-M2-NS2, G-M2-NS2, H-M2-NS2, HN-M2-NS2, F-M2-L, G-M2-L, H-M2-L, HN-M2-L, F-P-N, G-P-N, H-P-N, HN-P-N, F-P-M, G-P-M, H-P-M, HN-P-M, F-P- M2, G-P-M2, H-P-M2, HN-P-M2, F-P-NS1, G-P-NS1, H-P-NS1 , HN-P-NS1 , F-P-NS2, G-P- NS2, H-P-NS2, HN-P-NS2, F-P-L, G-P-L, H-P-L, HN-P-L, F-NS1-N, G-NS1-N, H-NS1-N, HN-NS1-N, F-NS1-M, G-NS1-M, H-NS1-M, HN-NS1-M, F-NS1-M2, G-NS1-M2, H-NS1-M2, HN-NS1-M2, F-NS1-P, G-NS1-P, H-NS1-P, HN-NS1-P, F-NS1-NS2, G-NS1-NS2, H-NS1- NS2, HN-NS1-NS2, F-NS1-L, G-NS1-L, H-NS1-L, HN-NS1-L, F-NS2-N, G-NS2-N, H-NS2-N, HN-NS2-N, F-NS2-M, G-NS2-M, H-NS2-M, HN-NS2-M, F-NS2-M2, G-NS2-M2, H-NS2-M2, HN-NS2-M2, F-NS2-P, G-NS2-P, H-NS2-P, HN-NS2-P, F-NS2-NS1, G-NS2-NS1 , H-NS2- NS1, HN-NS2-NS1 , F-NS2-L, G-NS2-L, H-NS2-L, HN-NS2-L, F-L-N, G-L-N, H-L-N, HN-L- N, F-L-M2, G-L-M2, H-L-M2, HN-L-M2, F-L-P, G-L-P, H-L-P, HN-L-P, F-L-NSl, G-L-NSl , H-L-NS1 , HN-L-NS1, F-L-NS2, G-L-NS2, H-L-NS2, HN-L-NS2, M-N-F, M-N-G, M-N-H, M- N-HN, M2-N-F, M2-N-G, M2-N-H, M2-N-HN, P-N-F, P-N-G, P-N-H, P-N-HN, NSl-N-F, NSl-N-G, NSl-N-H, NSl-N-HN, NS2-N-F, NS2-N-G, NS2-N-H, NS2-N-HN, L-N-F, L-N-G, L-N-H, L-N-HN, N-M-F, N-M-G, N-M-H, N-M-HN, P-M-F, P-M-G, P-M-H, P-M-HN, NS1-M- F, NS1-M-G, NS1-M-H, NS1-M-HN, NS2-M-F, NS2-M-G, NS2-M-H, NS2-M-HN, L-M-F, L- M-G, L-M-H, L-M-HN, N-M2-F, N-M2-G, N-M2-H, N-M2-HN, P-M2-F, P-M2-G, P-M2-H, P- M2-HN, NS1-M2-F, NS 1-M2-G, NS1-M2-H, NS1-M2-HN, NS2-M2-F, NS2-M2-G, NS2-M2- H, NS2-M2-HN, L-M2-F, L-M2-G, L-M2-H, L-M2-HN, N-P-F, N-P-G, N-P-H, N-P-HN, M-P- F, M-P-G, M-P-H, M-P-HN, M2-P-F, M2-P-G, M2-P-H, M2-P-HN, NS1-P-F, NS1-P-G, NS1-P- H, NS1-P-HN, NS2-P-F, NS2-P-G, NS2-P-H, NS2-P-HN, L-P-F, L-P-G, L-P-H, L-P-HN, N- NS1-F, N-NS1-G, N-NS1-H, N-NS1-HN, M-NS1-F, M-NS1-G, M-NS1-H, M-NS1-HN, M2- NS 1-F, M2-NS1-G, M2-NS 1-H, M2-NS1-HN, P-NS1-F, P-NS1-G, P-NS1-H, P-NS1-HN, NS2- NS 1-F, NS2-NS1-G, NS2-NS1-H, NS2-NS1-HN, L-NS1-F, L-NS1-G, L-NS1-H, L-NS1-HN, N- NS2-F, N-NS2-G, N-NS2-H, N-NS2-HN, M-NS2-F, M-NS2-G, M-NS2-H, M-NS2-HN, M2- NS2-F, M2-NS2-G, M2-NS2-H, M2-NS2-HN, P-NS2-F, P-NS2-G, P-NS2-H, P-NS2-HN, NS1- NS2-F, NS1-NS2-G, NS 1-NS2-H, NS1-NS2-HN, L-NS2-F, L-NS2-G, L-NS2-H, L-NS2-HN, N- L-F, N-L-G, N-L-H, N-L-HN, M-L-F, M-L-G, M-L-H, M-L-HN, M2-L-F, M2-L-G, M2-L-H, M2-L-HN, P-L-F, P-L-G, P-L-H, P-L-HN, NS1 -L-F, NS1-L-G, NS1-L-H, NS1 -L-HN, NS2-L-F, NS2-L-G, NS2-L-H, NS2-L-HN, F-K-N-N, G-K-N-N, H-K-N-N, HN-K-N-N, F-K-N-M, G-K- N-M, H-K-N-M, HN- -N-M, F-K-N-M2, G-K-N-M2, H-K-N-M2, HN-K-N-M2, F-K-N-P, G- K-N-P, H-K-N-P, HN-K-N-P, F-K-N-NS1 , G-K-N-NS1, H-K-N-NS1 , HN-K-N-NS1 , F-K-N- NS2, G-K-N-NS2, H-K-N-NS2, HN-K-N-NS2, F-K-N-L, G-K-N-L, H-K-N-L, HN-K-N-L, F-C- N-N, G-C-N-N, H-C-N-N, HN-C-N-N, F-C-N-M, G-C-N-M, H-C-N-M, HN-C-N-M, F-C-N- M2, G-C-N-M2, H-C-N-M2, HN-C-N-M2, F-C-N-P, G-C-N-P, H-C-N-P, HN-C-N-P, F-C-N- NS1, G-C-N-NS1 , H-C-N-NS1 , HN-C-N-NS1 , F-C-N-NS2, G-C-N-NS2, H-C-N-NS2, HN-C- N-NS2, F-C-N-L, G-C-N-L, H-C-N-L, HN-C-N-L, F-K-M-M, G-K-M-M, H-K-M-M, HN-K-M- M, F-K-M-M2, G-K-M-M2, H-K-M-M2, HN-K-M-M2, F-K-M-N, G-K-M-N, H-K-M-N, HN- K-M-N, F-K-M-P, G-K-M-P, H-K-M-P, HN-K-M-P, F-K-M-NS1, G-K-M-NS1, H-K-M-NS1, HN-K-M-NSl , F-K-M-NS2, G-K-M-NS2, H- -M-NS2, HN-K-M-NS2, F-K-M-L, G-K-M-L, H-K-M-L, HN-K-M-L, F-K-M2-M, G-K-M2-M, H-K-M2-M, HN-K-M2-M, F-K-M2-N, G-K- M2-N, H-K-M2-N, HN-K-M2-N, F-K-M2-P, G-K-M2-P, H-K-M2-P, HN-K-M2-P, F-K-M2- NS1 , G-K-M2-NS1 , H-K-M2-NS1 , HN-K-M2-NS1, F-K-M2-NS2, G-K-M2-NS2, H-K-M2- NS2, HN-K-M2-NS2, F-K-M2-L, G-K-M2-L, H-K-M2-L, HN-K-M2-L, F-K-P-N, G-K-P-N, H- K-P-N, HN-K-P-N, F-K-P-M, G-K-P-M, H-K-P-M, HN-K-P-M, F-K-P-M2, G-K-P-M2, H-K-P- M2, HN-K-P-M2, F-K-P-P, G-K-P-P, H-K-P-P, HN-K-P-P, F-K-P-NS1, G-K-P-NS1, H-K-P- NS1 , HN-K-P-NSl, F-K-P-NS2, G-K-P-NS2, H-K-P-NS2, HN-K-P-NS2, F-K-P-L, G-K-P-L, H-K-P-L, HN-K-P-L, F-K-NS1-N, G-K-NS1-N, H-K-NS1-N, HN-K-NS1-N, F-K-NS1-M, G-K- NS1-M, H-K-NS1-M, HN-K-NS1-M, F-K-NS1 -M2, G-K-NS1-M2, H-K-NS1 -M2, HN-K-NS1- M2, F-K-NS1-P, G-K-NS1-P, H-K-NS1-P, HN-K-NS1-P, F-K-NS1-NS1 , G-K-NS1-NS1, H-K- NS1-NS1 , HN-K-NSl-NSl, F-K-NS1-NS2, G-K-NS1-NS2, H-K-NS1-NS2, HN-K-NS1-NS2, F-K-NS1-L, G-K-NS1-L, H-K-NS1-L, HN-K-NS1-L, F-K-NS2-N, G-K-NS2-N, H-K-NS2-N, HN-K-NS2-N, F-K-NS2-M, G-K-NS2-M, H-K-NS2-M, HN-K-NS2-M, F-K-NS2-M2, G-K- NS2-M2, H-K-NS2-M2, HN-K-NS2-M2, F-K-NS2-P, G-K-NS2-P, H-K-NS2-P, HN-K-NS2-P, F-K-NS2-NS1, G-K-NS2-NS1, H-K-NS2-NS1 , HN-K-NS2-NS 1 , F-K-NS2-NS2, G-K-NS2- NS2, H-K-NS2-NS2, HN-K-NS2-NS2, F-K-NS2-L, G-K-NS2-L, H-K-NS2-L, HN-K-NS2-L, F-K-L-N, G-K-L-N, H-K-L-N, HN-K-L-N, F-K-L-M, G-K-L-M, H-K-L-M, HN-K-L-M, F-K-L- M2, G-K-L-M2, H-K-L-M2, HN-K-L-M2, F-K-L-P, G-K-L-P, H-K-L-P, HN-K-L-P, F-K-L- NS1 , G-K-L-NS1, H-K-L-NS1 , HN-K-L-NS1, F-K-L-NS2, G-K-L-NS2, H-K-L-NS2, HN-K-L- NS2, F-K-L-L, G-K-L-L, H-K-L-L, HN-K-L-L, F-N-K-N, G-N-K-N, H-N-K-N, HN-N-K-N, F- N-K-M, G-N-K-M, H-N-K-M, HN-N-K-M, F-N-K-M2, G-N-K-M2, H-N-K-M2, HN-N-K-M2, F-N-K-P, G-N-K-P, H-N-K-P, HN-N-K-P, F-N-K-NS1, G-N- -NS1, H-N-K-NS1 , HN-N-K- NS1 , F-N-K-NS2, G-N-K-NS2, H-N-K-NS2, HN-N-K-NS2, F-N-K-L, G-N-K-L, H-N-K-L, HN-N-K-L, F-M-K-N, G-M-K-N, H-M-K-N, HN-M-K-N, F-M-K-M, G-M-K-M, H-M-K-M, HN-M-K-M, F-M-K-M2, G-M-K-M2, H-M-K-M2, HN-M-K-M2, F-M-K-P, G-M-K-P, H-M-K- P HN-M-K-P, F-M-K-NS1, G-M-K-NS1, H-M-K-NS1 , HN-M-K-NSl , F-M-K-NS2, G-M-K- NS2, H-M-K-NS2, HN-M-K-NS2, F-M-K-L, G-M-K-L, H-M-K-L, HN-M-K-L, F-M2-K-N, G- M2-K-N, H-M2-K-N, HN-M2-K-N, F-M2-K-M, G-M2-K-M, H-M2-K-M, HN-M2-K-M, F-M2- K-M2, G-M2-K-M2, H-M2-K-M2, HN-M2-K-M2, F-M2-K-P, G-M2-K-P, H-M2-K-P HN-M2- K-P, F-M2-K-NS1, G-M2-K-NS1 , H-M2-K-NS1, HN-M2-K-NS 1 , F-M2-K-NS2, G-M2-K-NS2, H-M2-K-NS2, HN-M2-K-NS2, F-M2-K-L, G-M2-K-L, H-M2-K-L, HN-M2-K-L, F-P-K-N, G- P-K-N, H-P-K-N, HN-P-K-N, F-P-K-M, G-P-K-M, H-P-K-M, HN-P-K-M, F-P-K-M2, G-P-K- M2, H-P-K-M2; HN-P-K-M2, F-P-K-P, G-P-K-P, H-P-K-P, HN-P-K-P, F-P-K-NS1 , G-P-K- NS1, H-P-K-NSl , HN-P-K-NSl, F-P-K-NS2, G-P-K-NS2, H-P-K-NS2, HN-P-K-NS2, F-P-K-L, G-P-K-L, H-P-K-L, HN-P-K-L, F-NS1-K-N, G-NS1-K-N, H-NS1-K-N, HN-NS1-K-N, F-NS1- K-M, G-NSl-K-M, H-NSl-K-M; HN-NSl-K-M, F-NS1-K-M2, G-NS1-K-M2, H-NS1-K-M2; HN-NS 1-K-M2, F-NS1-K-P, G-NS1-K-P, H-NS1-K-P, HN-NSl-K-P, F-NS1-K-NS1 , G-NS1- K-NS1 , H-NS1-K-NS1, HN-NS 1 -K-NS 1 , F-NS1-K-NS2, G-NS1-K-NS2, H-NS1-K-NS2, HN- NS1-K-NS2, F-NSl-K-L, G-NSl-K-L, H-NSl-K-L, HN-NS 1-K-L, F-NS2-K-N, G-NS2-K-N, H-NS2-K-N, HN-NS2-K-N, F-NS2-K-M, G-NS2-K-M, H-NS2-K-M, HN-NS2-K-M, F-NS2-K- M2, G-NS2-K-M2, H-NS2-K-M2, HN-NS2-K-M2, F-NS2-K-P, G-NS2-K-P, H-NS2-K-P, HN- NS2-K-P, F-NS2-K-NS1 , G-NS2-K-NS1, H-NS2-K-NS1 , HN-NS2-K-NS 1 , F-NS2-K-NS2, G- NS2-K-NS2, H-NS2-K-NS2, HN-NS2-K-NS2, F-NS2-K-L, G-NS2-K-L, H-NS2-K-L, HN-NS2- K-L, F-C-M-M, G-C-M-M, H-C-M-M, HN-C-M-M, F-C-M-M2, G-C-M-M2, H-C-M-M2, HN- C-M-M2, F-C-M-N, G-C-M-N, H-C-M-N, HN-C-M-N, F-C-M-P, G-C-M-P, H-C-M-P, HN-C- M-P, F-C-M-NS1 , G-C-M-NS1 , H-C-M-NS1 , HN-C-M-NS1, F-C-M-NS2, G-C-M-NS2, H-C- M-NS2, HN-C-M-NS2, F-C-M-L, G-C-M-L, H-C-M-L, HN-C-M-L, F-C-M2-M, G-C-M2-M, H-C-M2-M, HN-C-M2-M, F-C-M2-N, G-C-M2-N, H-C-M2-N, HN-C-M2-N, F-C-M2-P, G-C- M2-P, H-C-M2-P, HN-C-M2-P, F-C-M2-NS1, G-C-M2-NS1, H-C-M2-NS1, HN-C-M2-NS 1 , F- C-M2-NS2, G-C-M2-NS2, H-C-M2-NS2, HN-C-M2-NS2, F-C-M2-L, G-C-M2-L, H-C-M2-L, HN-C-M2-L, F-C-P-N, G-C-P-N, H-C-P-N, HN-C-P-N, F-C-P-M, G-C-P-M, H-C-P-M, HN-C- P-M, F-C-P-M2, G-C-P-M2, H-C-P-M2, HN-C-P-M2, F-C-P-P, G-C-P-P, H-C-P-P, HN-C-P-P, F-C-P-NS1 , G-C-P-NS1, H-C-P-NS1, HN-C-P-NS1, F-C-P-NS2, G-C-P-NS2, H-C-P-NS2, HN- C-P-NS2, F-C-P-L, G-C-P-L, H-C-P-L, HN-C-P-L, F-C-NS1-N, G-C-NS1-N, H-C-NS 1-N, HN- C-NS1-N, F-C-NS1-M, G-C-NS1-M, H-C-NS1-M, HN-C-NS1-M, F-C-NS1-M2, G-C-NS1-M2, H-C-NS1-M2, HN-C-NS 1-M2, F-C-NS1-P, G-C-NS1-P, H-C-NS1-P, HN-C-NS1-P, F-C-NS1- NS1, G-C-NS1-NS1 , H-C-NS1-NS1 , HN-C-NS 1-NS1, F-C-NS1-NS2, G-C-NS1-NS2, H-C- NS1-NS2, HN-C-NS1-NS2, F-C-NSl-L, G-C-NSl-L, H-C-NSl-L, HN-C-NSl-L, F-C-NS2-N, G-C-NS2-N, H-C-NS2-N, HN-C-NS2-N, F-C-NS2-M, G-C-NS2-M, H-C-NS2-M, HN-C-NS2- M, F-C-NS2-M2, G-C-NS2-M2, H-C-NS2-M2, HN-C-NS2-M2, F-C-NS2-P, G-C-NS2-P, H-C- NS2-P, HN-C-NS2-P, F-C-NS2-NS1 , G-C-NS2-NS1, H-C-NS2-NS1 , HN-C-NS2-NS 1 , F-C- NS2-NS2, G-C-NS2-NS2, H-C-NS2-NS2, HN-C-NS2-NS2, F-C-NS2-L, G-C-NS2-L, H-C- NS2-L, HN-C-NS2-L, F-C-L-N, G-C-L-N, H-C-L-N, HN-C-L-N, F-C-L-M, G-C-L-M, H-C-L- M, HN-C-L-M, F-C-L-M2, G-C-L-M2, H-C-L-M2, HN-C-L-M2, F-C-L-P, G-C-L-P, H-C-L-P, H -C-L-P, F-C-L-NS1 , G-C-L-NSl , H-C-L-NS1 , HN-C-L-NS1 , F-C-L-NS2, G-C-L-NS2, H-C- L-NS2, HN-C-L-NS2, F-C-L-L, G-C-L-L, H-C-L-L, HN-C-L-L, F-N-C-N, G-N-C-N, H-N-C-N, HN-N-C-N, F-N-C-M, G-N-C-M, H-N-C-M, HN-N-C-M, F-N-C-M2, G-N-C-M2, H-N-C-M2, HN-N-C-M2, F-N-C-P, G-N-C-P, H-N-C-P, HN-N-C-P, F-N-C-NS1, G-N-C-NS1, H-N-C-NS1, HN-N-C-NS1, F-N-C-NS2, G-N-C-NS2, H-N-C-NS2, HN-N-C-NS2, F-N-C-L, G-N-C-L, H-N- C-L, HN-N-C-L, F-M-C-N, G-M-C-N, H-M-C-N, HN-M-C-N, F-M-C-M, G-M-C-M, H-M-C- M, HN-M-C-M, F-M-C-M2, G-M-C-M2, H-M-C-M2, HN-M-C-M2, F-M-C-P, G-M-C-P, H-M- C-P HN-M-C-P, F-M-C-NS1 , G-M-C-NS1, H-M-C-NS1, HN-M-C-NS1, F-M-C-NS2, G-M-C- NS2, H-M-C-NS2, HN-M-C-NS2, F-M-C-L, G-M-C-L, H-M-C-L, HN-M-C-L, F-M2-C-N, G- M2-C-N, H-M2-C-N, HN-M2-C-N, F-M2-C-M, G-M2-C-M, H-M2-C-M, HN-M2-C-M, F-M2- C-M2, G-M2-C-M2, H-M2-C-M2, HN-M2-C-M2, F-M2-C-P, G-M2-C-P, H-M2-C-P HN-M2- C-P, F-M2-C-NS1, G-M2-C-NS1 , H-M2-C-NS1, HN-M2-C-NS1, F-M2-C-NS2, G-M2-C-NS2, H-M2-C-NS2, HN-M2-C-NS2, F-M2-C-L, G-M2-C-L, H-M2-C-L, HN-M2-C-L, F-P-C-N, G-P- C-N, H-P-C-N, HN-P-C-N, F-P-C-M, G-P-C-M, H-P-C-M, HN-P-C-M, F-P-C-M2, G-P-C-M2, H-P-C-M2; HN-P-C-M2, F-P-C-P, G-P-C-P, H-P-C-P, HN-P-C-P, F-P-C-NS1 , G-P-C-NS1, H- P-C-NS1, HN-P-C-NS1, F-P-C-NS2, G-P-C-NS2, H-P-C-NS2, HN-P-C-NS2, F-P-C-L, G-P-C- L, H-P-C-L, HN-P-C-L, F-NS1-C-N, G-NS1-C-N, H-NS1-C-N, HN-NS 1-C-N, F-NS1-C-M, G- NS1-C-M, H-NS1-C-M; HN-NS 1-C-M, F-NS1-C-M2, G-NS1-C-M2, H-NS1-C-M2; HN-NS 1- C-M2, F-NS1-C-P, G-NS1-C-P, H-NS1-C-P, HN-NS 1-C-P, F-NS 1 -C-NS 1 , G-NS 1 -C-NS 1, H- NS 1 -C-NS 1 , HN-NS 1 -C-NS 1 , F-NS 1 -C-NS2, G-NS 1 -C-NS2, H-NS 1 -C-NS2, HN-NS 1 -C-NS2, F-NS1-C-L, G-NS1-C-L, H-NS1-C-L, HN-NS 1-C-L, F-NS2-C-N, G-NS2-C-N, H-NS2-C-N, HN-NS2-C-N, F-NS2-C-M, G-NS2-C-M, H-NS2-C-M, HN-NS2-C-M, F-NS2-C-M2, G-NS2-C- M2, H-NS2-C-M2, HN-NS2-C-M2, F-NS2-C-P, G-NS2-C-P, H-NS2-C-P, HN-NS2-C-P, F- NS2-C-NS1, G-NS2-C-NS1 , H-NS2-C-NS1 , HN-NS2-C-NS 1 , F-NS2-C-NS2, G-NS2-C-NS2, H-NS2-C-NS2, HN-NS2-C-NS2, F-NS2-C-L, G-NS2-C-L, H-NS2-C-L, HN-NS2-C-L, F-L-K- N, G-L-K-N, H-L-K-N, HN-L-K-N, F-L-K-M, G-L-K-M, H-L-K-M, HN-L-K-M, F-L-K-M2, G- L-K-M2, H-L- -M2, HN-L-K-M2, F-L-K-P, G-L-K-P, H-L-K-P, HN-L-K-P, F-L-K-NS1 , G-L- K-NS1, H-L-K-NS1 , HN-L-K-NS1 , F-L-K-NS2, G-L-K-NS2, H-L-K-NS2, HN-L-K-NS2, F-L- K-L, G-L-K-L, H-L-K-L, HN-L-K-L, F-L-C-N, G-L-C-N, H-L-C-N, HN-L-C-N, F-L-C-M, G- L-C-M, H-L-C-M, HN-L-C-M, F-L-C-M2, G-L-C-M2, H-L-C-M2, HN-L-C-M2, F-L-C-P, G-L- C-P, H-L-C-P, HN-L-C-P, F-L-C-NS1 , G-L-C-NS1, H-L-C-NS1, HN-L-C-NS1 , F-L-C-NS2, G- L-C-NS2, H-L-C-NS2, HN-L-C-NS2, F-L-C-L, G-L-C-L, H-L-C-L, HN-L-C-L, F-K-N-K-N, G- K-N-K-N, H-K-N-K-N, HN-K-N-K-N, F-K-M-K-N, G-K-M-K-N, H-K-M-K-N, HN-K-M-K-N, F-K-M2-K-N, G-K-M2-K-N, H-K-M2-K-N, HN-K-M2-K-N, F-K-P-K-N, G-K-P-K-N, H-K-P- K-N, HN-K-P-K-N, F-K-NS1-K-N, G-K-NS1-K-N, H-K-NS1-K-N, HN-K-NS 1 -K-N, F-K-NS2- K-N, G-K-NS2-K-N, H-K-NS2-K-N, HN-K-NS2-K-N, F-K-L-K-N, G-K-L-K-N, H-K-L-K-N, HN-K-L-K-N, F-K-N-K-M, G-K-N-K-M, H-K-N-K-M, HN-K-N-K-M, F-K-M-K-M, G-K-M- K-M, H-K-M-K-M, HN-K-M-K-M, F-K-M2-K-M, G-K-M2-K-M, H-K-M2-K-M, HN-K-M2- K-M, F-K-P-K-M, G-K-P-K-M, H-K-P-K-M, HN-K-P-K-M, F-K-NSl-K-M, G-K-NSl-K-M, H-K-NS1-K-M, HN-K-NS 1 -K-M, F-K-NS2-K-M, G-K-NS2-K-M, H-K-NS2-K-M, HN-K-NS2- K-M, F-K-L-K-M, G-K-L-K-M, H-K-L-K-M, HN-K-L-K-M, F-K-N-K-M2, G-K-N-K-M2, H- K-N-K-M2, HN-K-N-K-M2, F-K-M-K-M2, G-K-M-K-M2, H-K-M-K-M2, HN-K-M-K-M2, F- K-M2-K-M2, G-K-M2-K-M2, H-K-M2-K-M2, HN-K-M2-K-M2, F-K-P-K-M2, G-K-P-K-M2, H-K-P-K-M2, HN-K-P-K-M2, F-K-NS1-K-M2, G-K-NS1-K-M2, H-K-NS1-K-M2, HN-K-NS 1- K-M2, F-K-NS2-K-M2, G-K-NS2-K-M2, H-K-NS2-K-M2, HN-K-NS2-K-M2, F-K-L-K-M2, G-K-L-K-M2, H-K-L-K-M2, HN-K-L-K-M2, F-K-N-K-P, G-K-N-K-P, H-K-N-K-P, HN-K-N- K-P, F-K-M-K-P, G-K-M-K-P, H-K-M-K-P, HN-K-M-K-P, F-K-M2-K-P, G-K-M2-K-P, H-K- M2-K-P, HN-K-M2-K-P, F-K-P-K-P, G-K-P-K-P, H-K-P-K-P, HN-K-P-K-P, F-K-NS1-K-P, G- K-NS1-K-P, H-K-NSl-K-P, HN-K-NS 1 -K-P, F-K-NS2-K-P, G-K-NS2-K-P, H-K-NS2-K-P, HN-K-NS2-K-P, F-K-L-K-P, G-K-L-K-P, H-K-L-K-P, HN-K-L-K-P, F-K-N-K-NS1 , G-K-N-K- NS1, H-K-N-K-NS1, HN-K-N-K-NS1, F-K-M-K-NS1 , G-K-M-K-NS1 , H-K-M-K-NS1, HN-K- M-K-NS1, F-K-M2-K-NS1 , G-K-M2-K-NS 1 , H-K-M2-K-NS 1 , HN-K-M2-K-NS 1 , F-K-P-K- NS1 , G-K-P-K-NS1, H-K-P-K-NS1, HN-K-P-K-NS1, F-K-NS1-K-NS1, G-K-NS 1 -K-NS 1 , H- K-NS1-K-NS1 , HN-K-NS 1 -K-NS 1, F-K-NS2-K-NS 1 , G-K-NS2-K-NS 1 , H-K-NS2-K-NS 1 , HN-K-NS2-K-NS 1 , F-K-L-K-NS1 , G-K-L-K-NS1, H-K-L-K-NS1, HN-K-L-K-NS 1 , F-K-N-K- NS2, G-K-N-K-NS2, H-K-N-K-NS2, HN-K-N-K-NS2, F-K-M-K-NS2, G-K-M-K-NS2, H-K- M-K-NS2, HN-K-M-K-NS2, F-K-M2-K-NS2, G-K-M2-K-NS2, H-K-M2-K-NS2, HN-K-M2-K- NS2, F-K-P-K-NS2, G-K-P-K-NS2, H-K-P-K-NS2, HN-K-P-K-NS2, F-K-NS1-K-NS2 G-K- NS 1-K-NS2, H-K-NS1-K-NS2, HN-K-NS 1-K-NS2, F-K-NS2-K-NS2 G-K-NS2-K-NS2, H-K- NS2-K-NS2, HN-K-NS2-K-NS2, F-K-L-K-NS2, G-K-L-K-NS2, H-K-L-K-NS2, HN-K-L-K- NS2, F-K-N-K-L, G-K-N-K-L, H-K-N-K-L, HN-K-N-K-K, F-K-M-K-L, G-K-M-K-L, H-K-M- K-L, HN-K-M-K-L, F-K-M2-K-L, G-K-M2-K-L, H-K-M2-K-L, HN-K-M2-K-L, F-K-P-K-L, G-K-P-K-L, H-K-P-K-L, HN-K-P-K-L, F-K-NS 1-K-L, G-K-NS1-K-L, H-K-NS1-K-L, HN-K- NS1-K-L, F-K-NS2-K-L, G-K-NS2-K-L, H-K-NS2- -L, HN-K-NS2-K-L, F-K-L-K-L, G-K-L- K-L, H- -L-K-L, HN-K-L-K-L, N-K-N-F, N-K-N-G, N-K-N-H, N-K-N-HN, M-K-N-F, M-K- N-G, M-K-N-H, M-K-N-HN, M2-K-N-F, M2-K-N-G, M2-K-N-H, M2-K-N-HN, P-K-N-F, P-K- N-G, P-K-N-H, P-K-N-HN, NSl-K-N-F, NSl-K-N-G, NSl-K-N-H, NSl-K-N-HN, NS2-K-N-F, NS2-K-N-G, NS2-K-N-H, NS2-K-N-HN, L-K-N-F, L-K-N-G, L-K-N-H, L-K-N-HN, N-K-M-F, N-K-M-G, N-K-M-H, N-K-M-HN, M-K-M-F, M-K-M-G, M-K-M-H, M-K-M-HN, M2-K-M-F, M2-K-M-G, M2-K-M-H, M2-K-M-HN, P-K-M-F, P-K-M-G, P-K-M-H, P-K-M-HN, NS1-K-M- F, NS1-K-M-G, NS1-K-M-H, NS1-K-M-HN, NS2-K-M-F, NS2-K-M-G, NS2-K-M-H, NS2-K- M-HN, L-K-M-F, L-K-M-G, L-K-M-H, L-K-M-HN, N-K-M2-F, N-K-M2-G, N-K-M2-H, N-K- M2-HN, M-K-M2-F, M-K-M2-G, M-K-M2-H, M-K-M2-HN, M2-K-M2-F, M2-K-M2-G, M2- K-M2-H, M2-K-M2-HN, P-K-M2-F, P-K-M2-G, P-K-M2-H, P-K-M2-HN, NS1-K-M2-F, NS1- K-M2-G, NS1-K-M2-H, NS1-K-M2-HN, NS2-K-M2-F, NS2-K-M2-G, NS2-K-M2-H, NS2-K- M2-HN, L-K-M2-F, L-K-M2-G, L-K-M2-H, L-K-M2-HN, N-K-P-F, N-K-P-G, N-K-P-H, N-K- P-HN, M-K-P-F, M-K-P-G, M-K-P-H, M-K-P-HN, M2-K-P-F, M2-K-P-G, M2-K-P-H, M2-K- P-HN, P-K-P-F, P-K-P-G, P-K-P-H, P-K-P-HN, NS1-K-P-F, NS1-K-P-G, NS1-K-P-H, NS1-K- P-HN, NS2-K-P-F, NS2-K-P-G, NS2-K-P-H, NS2-K-P-HN, L-K-P-F, L-K-P-G, L-K-P-H, L-K- P-HN, N-K-NS1-F, N-K-NS1-G, N-K-NS1-H, N-K-NS1-HN, M-K-NS1-F, M-K-NS1-G, M-K- NS1-H, M-K-NS1-HN, M2-K-NS1-F, M2-K-NS1-G, M2-K-NS1-H, M2-K-NS1-HN, P-K-NS1-
F, P-K-NS1-G, P-K-NS1-H, P-K-NS1-HN, NS1-K-NS1-F, NS1-K-NS1-G, NS1-K-NS1-H, NSl-K-NSl-HN, NS2-K-NS1-F, NS2-K-NS1-G, NS2-K-NS1-H, NS2-K-NS 1 -HN, L-K-NSl-F, L-K-NS1-G, L-K-NS1-H, L-K-NS1-HN,N-K-NS2-F, N-K-NS2-G, N-K-NS2-H, N-K-NS2-HN, M-K-NS2-F, M-K-NS2-G, M-K-NS2-H, M-K-NS2-HN, M2-K-NS2-F, M2-K-NS2-G, M2-K- NS2-H, M2-K-NS2-HN, P-K-NS2-F, P-K-NS2-G, P-K-NS2-H, P-K-NS2-HN, NS1-K-NS2-F, NS1-K-NS2-G, NS1-K-NS2-H, NS1-K-NS2-HN, NS2-K-NS2-F, NS2-K-NS2-G, NS2-K-NS2- H, NS2-K-NS2-HN, L-K-NS2-F, L-K-NS2-G, L-K-NS2-H, L-K-NS2-HN, N-K-L-F, N-K-L-G, N-K-L-H, N-K-L-HN, M-K-L-F, M-K-L-G, M-K-L2-H, M-K-L-HN, M2-K-L-F, M2-K-L-G, M2-K-L-H, M2-K-L-HN, P-K-L-F, P-K-L-G, P-K-L-H, P-K-L-HN, NS1-K-L-F, NS1-K-L-G, NS1-K-L-H, NS1-K-L-HN, NS2-K-L-F, NS2-K-L-G, NS2-K-L-H, NS2-K-L-HN, L-K-L-F, L- K-L-G, L-K-L-H, L-K-L-HN, N-N-K-F, N-N-K-G, N-N-K-H, N-N-K-HN, N-M-K-F, N-M-K-
G, N-M-K-H, N-M-K-HN, N-M2-K-F, N-M2-K-G, N-M2-K-H, N-M2-K-HN, N-P-K-F, N-P-K- G, N-P-K-H, N-P-K-HN, N-NS 1-K-F, N-NS1-K-G, N-NS1-K-H, N-NSl-K-HN, N-NS2-K-F, N-NS2-K-G, N-NS2-K-H, N-NS2-K-HN, N-L-K-F, N-L-K-G, N-L-K-H, N-L-K-HN, M-N-K-F, M-N-K-G, M-N-K-H, M-N-K-HN, M-M-K-F, M-M-K-G, M-M-K-H, M-M-K-HN, M-M2-K-F, M-M2-K-G, M-M2-K-H, M-M2-K-HN, M-P-K-F, M-P-K-G, M-P-K-H, M-P-K-HN, M-NS1-K- F, M-NS1-K-G, M-NS 1-K-H, M-NS1-K-HN, M-NS2-K-F, M-NS2-K-G, M-NS2-K-H, M-NS2- K-HN, M-L-K-F, M-L-K-G, M-L-K-H, M-L-K-HN, M2-N-K-F, M2-N-K-G, M2-N-K-H, M2- N-K-HN, M2-M-K-F, M2-M-K-G, M2-M-K-H, M2-M-K-HN, M2-M2-K-F, M2-M2-K-G, M2- M2-K-H, M2-M2-K-HN, M2-P-K-F, M2-P-K-G, M2-P-K-H, M2-P-K-HN, M2-NS1-K-F, M2- NS1-K-G, M2-NS1-K-H, M2-NS1-K-HN, M2-NS2-K-F, M2-NS2-K-G, M2-NS2-K-H, M2- NS2-K-HN, M2-L-K-F, M2-L-K-G, M2-L-K-H, M2-L-K-HN, P-N-K-F, P-N-K-G, P-N-K-H, P- N-K-HN, P-M-K-F, P-M-K-G, P-M-K-H, P-M-K-HN, P-M2-K-F, P-M2-K-G, P-M2-K-H, P- M2-K-HN, P-P-K-F, P-P-K-G, P-P-K-H, P-P-K-HN, P-NS1-K-F, P-NS 1-K-G, P-NS1-K-H, P- NS1-K-HN, P-NS2-K-F, P-NS2-K-G, P-NS2-K-H, P-NS2-K-HN, P-L-K-F, P-L-K-G, P-L-K-H, P-L-K-HN, NSl-N-K-F, NSl-N-K-G, NSl-N-K-H, NSl -N-K-HN, NSl-M-K-F, NSl-M-K-G, NSl-M-K-H, NSl-M-K-HN, NS1-M2-K-F, NS1-M2-K-G, NS1-M2-K-H, NS1-M2-K-HN, NS1-P-K-F, NS1-P-K-G, NS1-P-K-H, NS1-P-K-HN, NS1-NS1-K-F, NS1-NS1-K-G, NS1-NS1- K-H, NS1-NS1-K-HN, NS1-NS2-K-F, NS1-NS2-K-G, NS 1-NS2-K-H, NS 1 -NS2-K-HN, NS1- L-K-F, NS1-L-K-G, NS1-L-K-H, NS1-L-K-HN, NS2-N-K-F, NS2-N-K-G, NS2-N-K-H, NS2- N-K-HN, NS2-M-K-F, NS2-M-K-G, NS2-M-K-H, NS2-M-K-HN, NS2-M2-K-F, NS2-M2-K-G, NS2-M2-K-H, NS2-M2-K-HN, NS2-P-K-F, NS2-P-K-G, NS2-P-K-H, NS2-P-K-HN, NS2-NS1- K-F, NS2-NS1-K-G, NS2-NS 1-K-H, NS2-NS 1 -K-HN, NS2-NS2-K-F, NS2-NS2-K-G, NS2- NS2-K-H, NS2-NS2-K-HN, NS2-L-K-F, NS2-L-K-G, NS2-L-K-H, NS2-L-K-HN, L-N-K-F, L- N-K-G, L-N-K-H, L-N-K-HN, L-M-K-F, L-M-K-G, L-M-K-H, L-M-K-HN, L-M2-K-F, L-M2- K-G, L-M2-K-H, L-M2-K-HN, L-L-K-F, L-P-K-G, L-P-K-H, L-P-K-HN, L-NS1-K-F, L-NS1- K-G, L-NS1-K-H, L-NS1-K-HN, L-NS2-K-F, L-NS2-K-G, L-NS2-K-H, L-NS2-K-HN, L-L-K- F, L-L-K-G, L-L-K-H, L-L-K-HN, N-K-N-K-F, N-K-N-K-G, N-K-N-K-H, N-K-N-K-HN, N-K- M-K-F, N-K-M-K-G, N-K-M-K-H, N-K-M-K-HN, N-K-M2-K-F, N-K-M2-K-G, N-K-M2-K-H, N-K-M2-K-HN, N-K-P-K-F, N-K-P-K-G, N-K-P-K-H, N-K-P-K-HN, N-K-NS1-K-F, N-K- NS1-K-G, N-K-NS1-K-H, N-K-NS 1 -K-HN, N-K-NS2-K-F, N-K-NS2-K-G, N-K-NS2-K-H, N- K-NS2-K-HN, N-K-L-K-F, N-K-L-K-G, N-K-L-K-H, N-K-L-K-HN, M-K-N-K-F, M-K-N-K-G, M-K-N-K-H, M-K-N-K-HN, M-K-M-K-F, M-K-M-K-G, M-K-M-K-H, M-K-M-K-HN, M-K- M2-K-F, M-K-M2-K-G, M-K-M2-K-H, M-K-M2-K-HN, M-K-P-K-F, M-K-P-K-G, M-K-P-K- H, M-K-P-K-HN, M-K-NS1-K-F, M-K-NS1-K-G, M-K-NS1-K-H, M-K-NS1-K-HN, M-K- NS2-K-F, M-K-NS2-K-G, M-K-NS2-K-H, M-K-NS2-K-HN, M-K-L-K-F, M-K-L-K-G, M-K- L-K-H, M-K-L-K-HN, M2-K-N-K-F, M2-K-N-K-G, M2-K-N-K-H, M2-K-N-K-HN, M2-K-M- K-F, M2-K-M-K-G, M2-K-M-K-H, M2-K-M-K-HN, M2-K-M2-K-F, M2-K-M2-K-G, M2-K- M2-K-H, M2-K-M2-K-HN, M2-K-P-K-F, M2-K-P-K-G, M2-K-P-K-H, M2-K-P-K-HN, M2-K- NS1-K-F, M2-K-NS1-K-G, M2-K-NS1-K-H, M2-K-NS 1 -K-HN, M2-K-NS2-K-F, M2-K-NS2- K-G, M2-K-NS2-K-H, M2-K-NS2-K-HN, M2-K-L-K-F, M2-K-L-K-G, M2-K-L-K-H, M2-K-L- K-HN, P-K-N-K-F, P-K-N-K-G, P-K-N-K-H, P-K-N-K-HN, P-K-M-K-F, P-K-M-K-G, P-K-M- K-H, P-K-M-K-HN, P-K-M2-K-F, P-K-M2-K-G, P-K-M2-K-H, P-K-M2-K-HN, P-K-P-K-F, P- K-P-K-G, P-K-P-K-H, P-K-P-K-HN, P-K-NS1-K-F, P-K-NS1-K-G, P-K-NS1- -H, P-K-NS1- K-HN, P-K-NS2-K-F, P-K-NS2-K-G, P-K-NS2-K-H, P-K-NS2-K-HN, P-K-L-K-F, P-K-L-K-G, P-K-L- -H, P-K-L-K-HN, NS1-K-N-K-F, NS1-K-N-K-G, NS1-K-N-K-H, NS1 -K-N-K-HN, NS1-K-M-K-F, NS1-K-M-K-G, NS1-K-M-K-H, NS1-K-M-K-HN, NS 1 -K-M2-K-F, NS1-K- M2-K-G, NS1-K-M2-K-H, NS 1 -K-M2-K-HN, NS1-K-P-K-F, NS1-K-P-K-G, NS1-K-P-K-H, NSl-K-P-K-HN, NSl-K-NSl-K-F, NSl-K-NSl-K-G, NSl-K-NSl-K-H, NSl-K-NSl-K-HN, NS1-K-NS2-K-F, NS1-K-NS2-K-G, NS1-K-NS2-K-H, NS 1 -K-NS2-K-HN, NSl-K-L-K-F, NSl-K-L-K-G, NSl-K-L-K-H, NSl-K-L-K-HN, NS2-K-N-K-F, NS2-K-N-K-G, NS2-K-N-K-H, NS2-K-N-K-HN, NS2-K-M-K-F, NS2-K-M-K-G, NS2-K-M-K-H, NS2-K-M-K-HN, NS2-K- M2-K-F, NS2-K-M2-K-G, NS2-K-M2-K-H, NS2-K-M2-K-HN, NS2-K-P-K-F, NS2-K-P-K-G, NS2-K-P-K-H, NS2- -P-K-HN, NS2-K-NS1-K-F, NS2-K-NS1-K-G, NS2-K-NS1-K-H, NS2- K-NS1-K-HN, NS2-K-NS2-K-F, NS2-K-NS2-K-G, NS2-K-NS2-K-H, NS2-K-NS2-K-HN, NS2-K-L-K-F, NS2- -L-K-G, NS2-K-L-K-H, NS2-K-L-K-HN, L-K-N-K-F, L-K-N-K-G, L-K- N-K-H, L-K-N-K-HN, L- -M-K-F, L-K-M-K-G, L-K-M-K-H, L-K-M-K-HN, L-K-M2-K-F, L- K-M2-K-G, L-K-M2-K-H, L-K-M2-K-HN, L-K-P-K-F, L-K-P-K-G, L-K-P-K-H, L-K-P-K-HN, L-K-NS1-K-F, L-K-NS1-K-G, L-K-NS1-K-H, L-K-NS1-K-HN, L-K-NS2-K-F, L-K-NS2-K-G, L-K-NS2-K-H, L-K-NS2-K-HN, L-K-L-K-F, L-K-L-K-G, L-K-L-K-H, or L-K-L-K-HN, F-C-N- K-N, G-C-N-K-N, H-C-N-K-N, HN-C-N-K-N, F-C-M-K-N, G-C-M-K-N, H-C-M-K-N, HN-C- M-K-N, F-C-M2-K-N, G-C-M2-K-N, H-C-M2-K-N, HN-C-M2-K-N, F-C-P-K-N, G-C-P-K-N, H-C-P-K-N, HN-C-P-K-N, F-C-NS1-K-N, G-C-NS1-K-N, H-C-NS1-K-N, HN-C-NS 1 -K-N, F- C-NS2-K-N, G-C-NS2-K-N, H-C-NS2-K-N, HN-C-NS2-K-N, F-C-L-K-N, G-C-L-K-N, H-C-L- -N, HN-C-L-K-N, F-C-N- -M, G-C-N-K-M, H-C-N-K-M, HN-C-N-K-M, F-C-M-K-M, G-C- M-K-M, H-C-M-K-M, HN-C-M-K-M, F-C-M2-K-M, G-C-M2-K-M, H-C-M2-K-M, HN-C-M2- K-M, F-C-P-K-M, G-C-P-K-M, H-C-P-K-M, HN-C-P-K-M, F-C-NS1-K-M, G-C-NS1-K-M, H- C-NS1-K-M, HN-C-NS 1-K-M, F-C-NS2-K-M, G-C-NS2-K-M, H-C-NS2-K-M, HN-C-NS2-K- M, F-C-L-K-M, G-C-L-K-M, H-C-L-K-M, HN-C-L-K-M, F-C-N-K-M2, G-C-N-K-M2, H-C-N- K-M2, HN-C-N-K-M2, F-C-M-K-M2, G-C-M-K-M2, H-C-M-K-M2, HN-C-M-K-M2, F-C-M2- K-M2, G-C-M2-K-M2, H-C-M2-K-M2, HN-C-M2-K-M2, F-C-P-K-M2, G-C-P-K-M2, H-C-P- K-M2, HN-C-P-K-M2, F-C-NS1-K-M2, G-C-NS1-K-M2, H-C-NS1-K-M2, HN-C-NS 1-K-M2, F-C-NS2-K-M2, G-C-NS2-K-M2, H-C-NS2-K-M2, HN-C-NS2-K-M2, F-C-L-K-M2, G-C-L-K- M2, H-C-L-K-M2, HN-C-L-K-M2, F-C-N-K-P, G-C-N-K-P, H-C-N-K-P, HN-C-N-K-P, F-C- M-K-P, G-C-M-K-P, H-C-M-K-P, HN-C-M-K-P, F-C-M2-K-P, G-C-M2-K-P, H-C-M2-K-P, HN-C-M2-K-P, F-C-P- -P, G-C-P-K-P, H-C-P- -P, HN-C-P-K-P, F-C-NS1-K-P, G-C-NS1-K- P, H-C-NS 1-K-P, HN-C-NS1-K-P, F-C-NS2-K-P, G-C-NS2-K-P, H-C-NS2-K-P, HN-C-NS2-K- P, F-C-L-K-P, G-C-L-K-P, H-C-L-K-P, HN-C-L-K-P, F-C-N-K-NS1 , G-C-N-K-NS1 , H-C-N-K- NS1 , HN-C-N-K-NS1, F-C-M-K-NS1, G-C-M-K-NS1, H-C-M-K-NS1, HN-C-M-K-NS1 , F-C- M2-K-NS1 , G-C-M2-K-NS1, H-C-M2-K-NS1, HN-C-M2-K-NS 1 , F-C-P-K-NS1, G-C-P-K- NS1 , H-C-P-K-NSl, HN-C-P-K-NSl, F-C-NSl-K-NSl, G-C-NSl-K-NSl , H-C-NS 1 -K-NS 1 , HN-C-NS1-K-NS1 , F-C-NS2-K-NS1, G-C-NS2-K-NS1, H-C-NS2-K-NS1, HN-C-NS2-K-NS 1 , F-C-L-K-NS1, G-C-L-K-NS1 , H-C-L-K-NS1, HN-C-L-K-NS 1 , F-C-N-K-NS2, G-C-N-K-NS2, H-C-N-K-NS2, HN-C-N-K-NS2, F-C-M-K-NS2, G-C-M-K-NS2, H-C-M-K-NS2, HN-C-M-K- NS2, F-C-M2-K-NS2, G-C-M2-K-NS2, H-C-M2-K-NS2, HN-C-M2-K-NS2, F-C-P-K-NS2, G- C-P-K-NS2, H-C-P-K-NS2, HN-C-P-K-NS2, F-C-NS1-K-NS2 G-C-NS1-K-NS2, H-C-NS 1-K- NS2, HN-C-NS 1 -K-NS2, F-C-NS2-K-NS2 G-C-NS2-K-NS2, H-C-NS2-K-NS2, HN-C-NS2-K- NS2, F-C-L-K-NS2, G-C-L-K-NS2, H-C-L-K-NS2, HN-C-L-K-NS2, F-C-N-K-L, G-C-N-K-L, H-C-N-K-L, HN-C-N-K-L, F-C-M-K-L, G-C-M-K-L, H-C-M-K-L, HN-C-M-K-L, F-C-M2-K- L, G-C-M2-K-L, H-C-M2-K-L, HN-C-M2-K-L, F-C-P-K-L, G-C-P-K-L, H-C-P-K-L, HN-C-P- K-L, F-C-NS1-K-L, G-C-NS1-K-L, H-C-NS 1-K-L, HN-C-NS 1-K-L, F-C-NS2-K-L, G-C-NS2- K-L, H-C-NS2-K-L, HN-C-NS2-K-L, F-C-L-K-L, G-C-L-K-L, H-C-L-K-L, HN-C-L-K-L, N-C- N-F, N-C-N-G, N-C-N-H, N-C-N-HN, M-C-N-F, M-C-N-G, M-C-N-H, M-C-N-HN, M2-C-N-F, M2-C-N-G, M2-C-N-H, M2-C-N-HN, P-C-N-F, P-C-N-G, P-C-N-H, P-C-N-HN, NS1-C-N-F, NS1-C-N-G, NS1-C-N-H, NS1-C-N-HN, NS2-C-N-F, NS2-C-N-G, NS2-C-N-H, NS2-C-N-HN, L-C-N-F, L-C-N-G, L-C-N-H, L-C-N-HN, N-C-M-F, N-C-M-G, N-C-M-H, N-C-M-HN, M-C- M-F, M-C-M-G, M-C-M-H, M-C-M-HN, M2-C-M-F, M2-C-M-G, M2-C-M-H, M2-C-M-HN, P-C-M-F, P-C-M-G, P-C-M-H, P-C-M-HN, NS1-C-M-F, NS1-C-M-G, NS1-C-M-H, NS1-C-M- HN, NS2-C-M-F, NS2-C-M-G, NS2-C-M-H, NS2-C-M-HN, L-C-M-F, L-C-M-G, L-C-M-H, L- C-M-HN, N-C-M2-F, N-C-M2-G, N-C-M2-H, N-C-M2-HN, M-C-M2-F, M-C-M2-G, M-C-M2- H, M-C-M2-HN, M2-C-M2-F, M2-C-M2-G, M2-C-M2-H, M2-C-M2-HN, P-C-M2-F, P-C-M2- G, P-C-M2-H, P-C-M2-HN, NS1-C-M2-F, NS 1-C-M2-G, NS1-C-M2-H, NS1-C-M2-HN, NS2- C-M2-F, NS2-C-M2-G, NS2-C-M2-H, NS2-C-M2-HN, L-C-M2-F, L-C-M2-G, L-C-M2-H, L- C-M2-HN, N-C-P-F, N-C-P-G, N-C-P-H, N-C-P-HN, M-C-P-F, M-C-P-G, M-C-P-H, M-C-P- HN, M2-C-P-F, M2-C-P-G, M2-C-P-H, M2-C-P-HN, P-C-P-F, P-C-P-G, P-C-P-H, P-C-P-HN, NS1-C-P-F, NS1-C-P-G, NS1-C-P-H, NS1-C-P-HN, NS2-C-P-F, NS2-C-P-G, NS2-C-P-H, NS2-C-P-HN, L-C-P-F, L-C-P-G, L-C-P-H, L-C-P-HN, N-C-NSl-F, N-C-NSl-G, N-C-NSl-H, N-C-NSl-HN, M-C-NS1-F, M-C-NS1-G, M-C-NS1-H, M-C-NS1-HN, M2-C-NS1-F, M2-C- NS1-G, M2-C-NS1-H, M2-C-NS1-HN, P-C-NS1-F, P-C-NS1-G, P-C-NS1-H, P-C-NS1-HN, NS1-C-NS1-F, NS1-C-NS1-G, NS 1-C-NS1-H, NS 1 -C-NS 1 -HN, NS2-C-NS1-F, NS2-C-NS1-G, NS2-C-NS1-H, NS2-C-NS1-HN, L-C-NS1-F, L-C-NS1-G, L-C-NS1-H, L-C-NS1-HN, N-C- NS2-F, N-C-NS2-G, N-C-NS2-H, N-C-NS2-HN, M-C-NS2-F, M-C-NS2-G, M-C-NS2-H, M-C- NS2-HN, M2-C-NS2-F, M2-C-NS2-G, M2-C-NS2-H, M2-C-NS2-HN, P-C-NS2-F, P-C-NS2-G, P-C-NS2-H, P-C-NS2-HN, NS1-C-NS2-F, NS1-C-NS2-G, NS1-C-NS2-H, NS1-C-NS2-HN, NS2-C-NS2-F, NS2-C-NS2-G, NS2-C-NS2-H, NS2-C-NS2-HN, L-C-NS2-F, L-C-NS2-G, L-C- NS2-H, L-C-NS2-HN, N-C-L-F, N-C-L-G, N-C-L-H, N-C-L-HN, M-C-L-F, M-C-L-G, M-C- L2-H, M-C-L-HN, M2-C-L-F, M2-C-L-G, M2-C-L-H, M2-C-L-HN, P-C-L-F, P-C-L-G, P-C-L- H, P-C-L-HN, NS1-C-L-F, NS1-C-L-G, NS1-C-L-H, NS1-C-L-HN, NS2-C-L-F, NS2-C-L-G, NS2-C-L-H, NS2-C-L-HN, L-C-L-F, L-C-L-G, L-C-L-H, L-C-L-HN, N-N-C-F, N-N-C-G, N-N- C-H, N-N-C-HN, N-M-C-F, N-M-C-G, N-M-C-H, N-M-C-HN, N-M2-C-F, N-M2-C-G, N-M2- C-H, N-M2-C-HN, N-P-C-F, N-P-C-G, N-P-C-H, N-P-C-HN, N-NS1-C-F, N-NS1-C-G, N-NS1- C-H, N-NS1-C-HN, N-NS2-C-F, N-NS2-C-G, N-NS2-C-H, N-NS2-C-HN, N-L-C-F, N-L-C-G, N-L-C-H, N-L-C-HN, M-N-C-F, M-N-C-G, M-N-C-H, M-N-C-HN, M-M-C-F, M-M-C-G, M- M-C-H, M-M-C-HN, M-M2-C-F, M-M2-C-G, M-M2-C-H, M-M2-C-HN, M-P-C-F, M-P-C-G, M-P-C-H, M-P-C-HN, M-NS1-C-F, M-NS1-C-G, M-NS1-C-H, M-NSl-C-HN, M-NS2-C-F, M- NS2-C-G, M-NS2-C-H, M-NS2-C-HN, M-L-C-F, M-L-C-G, M-L-C-H, M-L-C-HN, M2-N-C-F, M2-N-C-G, M2-N-C-H, M2-N-C-HN, M2-M-C-F, M2-M-C-G, M2-M-C-H, M2-M-C-HN, M2- M2-C-F, M2-M2-C-G, M2-M2-C-H, M2-M2-C-HN, M2-P-C-F, M2-P-C-G, M2-P-C-H, M2-P- C-HN, M2-NS1-C-F, M2-NS1-C-G, M2-NS1-C-H, M2-NS1-C-HN, M2-NS2-C-F, M2-NS2-C- G, M2-NS2-C-H, M2-NS2-C-HN, M2-L-C-F, M2-L-C-G, M2-L-C-H, M2-L-C-HN, P-N-C-F, P-N-C-G, P-N-C-H, P-N-C-HN, P-M-C-F, P-M-C-G, P-M-C-H, P-M-C-HN, P-M2-C-F, P-M2- C-G, P-M2-C-H, P-M2-C-HN, P-P-C-F, P-P-C-G, P-P-C-H, P-P-C-HN, P-NS1-C-F, P-NS1 -C-
G, P-NS1-C-H, P-NS1-C-HN, P-NS2-C-F, P-NS2-C-G, P-NS2-C-H, P-NS2-C-HN, P-L-C-F, P- L-C-G, P-L-C-H, P-L-C-HN, NS1-N-C-F, NS1-N-C-G, NS1-N-C-H, NS1-N-C-HN, NS1-M-C- F, NS1-M-C-G, NS1 -M-C-H, NS1-M-C-HN, NS1-M2-C-F, NS1-M2-C-G, NS1-M2-C-H, NS1- M2-C-HN, NS1-P-C-F, NS1-P-C-G, NS1-P-C-H, NS1-P-C-HN, NS1-NS1-C-F, NS1-NS1-C-G, NS1-NS1-C-H, NS1-NS 1-C-HN, NS1-NS2-C-F, NS1-NS2-C-G, NS1-NS2-C-H, NS1-NS2-C- HN, NS1-L-C-F, NS1-L-C-G, NS1-L-C-H, NS1-L-C-HN, NS2-N-C-F, NS2-N-C-G, NS2-N-C-
H, NS2-N-C-HN, NS2-M-C-F, NS2-M-C-G, NS2-M-C-H, NS2-M-C-HN, NS2-M2-C-F, NS2- M2-C-G, NS2-M2-C-H, NS2-M2-C-HN, NS2-P-C-F, NS2-P-C-G, NS2-P-C-H, NS2-P-C-HN, NS2-NS1-C-F, NS2-NS1-C-G, NS2-NS1-C-H, NS2-NS1-C-HN, NS2-NS2-C-F, NS2-NS2-C-G, NS2-NS2-C-H, NS2-NS2-C-HN, NS2-L-C-F, NS2-L-C-G, NS2-L-C-H, NS2-L-C-HN, L-N-C- F, L-N-C-G, L-N-C-H, L-N-C-HN, L-M-C-F, L-M-C-G, L-M-C-H, L-M-C-HN, L-M2-C-F, L- M2-C-G, L-M2-C-H, L-M2-C-HN, L-L-C-F, L-P-C-G, L-P-C-H, L-P-C-HN, L-NS1-C-F, L- NS1-C-G, L-NS1-C-H, L-NS1-C-HN, L-NS2-C-F, L-NS2-C-G, L-NS2-C-H, L-NS2-C-HN, L- L-C-F, L-L-C-G, L-L-C-H, L-L-C-HN, N-C-N-K-F, N-C-N-K-G, N-C-N-K-H, N-C-N-K-HN, N-C-M-K-F, N-C-M-K-G, N-C-M-K-H, N-C-M-K-HN, N-C-M2-K-F, N-C-M2-K-G, N-C-M2- K-H, N-C-M2-K-HN, N-C-P-K-F, N-C-P-K-G, N-C-P-K-H, N-C-P- -HN, N-C-NS1-K-F, N-C- NS1-K-G, N-C-NS1-K-H, N-C-NS1-K-HN, N-C-NS2-K-F, N-C-NS2-K-G, N-C-NS2-K-H, N- C-NS2-K-HN, N-C-L-K-F, N-C-L-K-G, N-C-L-K-H, N-C-L-K-HN, M-C-N-K-F, M-C-N-K-G, M-C-N-K-H, M-C-N-K-HN, M-C-M-K-F, M-C-M-K-G, M-C-M-K-H, M-C-M-K-HN, M-C- M2-K-F, M-C-M2-K-G, M-C-M2-K-H, M-C-M2-K-HN, M-C-P-K-F, M-C-P-K-G, M-C-P-K-H, M-C-P-K-HN, M-C-NS1 -K-F, M-C-NS1-K-G, M-C-NS1-K-H, M-C-NS1-K-HN, M-C-NS2-K- F, M-C-NS2-K-G, M-C-NS2-K-H, M-C-NS2-K-HN, M-C-L-K-F, M-C-L-K-G, M-C-L-K-H, M-C-L-K-HN, M2-C-N-K-F, M2-C-N-K-G, M2-C-N-K-H, M2-C-N-K-HN, M2-C-M-K-F, M2- C-M-K-G, M2-C-M-K-H, M2-C-M-K-HN, M2-C-M2-K-F, M2-C-M2-K-G, M2-C-M2-K-H, M2-C-M2-K-HN, M2-C-P-K-F, M2-C-P-K-G, M2-C-P-K-H, M2-C-P-K-HN, M2-C-NS1-K-F, M2-C-NS1-K-G, M2-C-NS1-K-H, M2-C-NS1-K-HN, M2-C-NS2-K-F, M2-C-NS2-K-G, M2-C- NS2-K-H, M2-C-NS2-K-HN, M2-C-L-K-F, M2-C-L-K-G, M2-C-L-K-H, M2-C-L-K-HN, P-C- N-K-F, P-C-N-K-G, P-C-N-K-H, P-C-N-K-HN, P-C-M-K-F, P-C-M-K-G, P-C-M-K-H, P-C-M- K-HN, P-C-M2-K-F, P-C-M2-K-G, P-C-M2-K-H, P-C-M2-K-HN, P-C-P-K-F, P-C-P-K-G, P-C- P-K-H, P-C-P-K-HN, P-C-NS1-K-F, P-C-NS1-K-G, P-C-NS1-K-H, P-C-NS1-K-HN, P-C-NS2- K-F, P-C-NS2-K-G, P-C-NS2-K-H, P-C-NS2-K-HN, P-C-L-K-F, P-C-L-K-G, P-C-L-K-H, P-C- L-K-HN, NS1-C-N-K-F, NS1-C-N-K-G, NS1-C-N-K-H, NS1-C-N-K-HN, NS1-C-M-K-F, NS1- C-M-K-G, NS1-C-M-K-H, NS 1 -C-M-K-HN, NS1-C-M2-K-F, NS 1 -C-M2-K-G, NS1-C-M2-K- H, NS1-C-M2-K-HN, NS1-C-P-K-F, NS1-C-P-K-G, NS1-C-P-K-H, NS1-C-P-K-HN, NS1-C- NS1-K-F, NS1-C-NS1-K-G, NS1-C-NS1-K-H, NS1-C-NS1-K-HN, NS1-C-NS2-K-F, NS1-C- NS2-K-G, NS1-C-NS2-K-H, NS 1 -C-NS2-K-HN, NSl-C-L-K-F, NSl-C-L-K-G, NSl-C-L-K-H, NS1-C-L-K-HN, NS2-C-N-K-F, NS2-C-N-K-G, NS2-C-N-K-H, NS2-C-N-K-HN, NS2-C-M-K- F, NS2-C-M-K-G, NS2-C-M-K-H, NS2-C-M-K-HN, NS2-C-M2-K-F, NS2-C-M2-K-G, NS2-C- M2-K-H, NS2-C-M2-K-HN, NS2-C-P-K-F, NS2-C-P-K-G, NS2-C-P-K-H, NS2-C-P-K-HN, NS2-C-NS1-K-F, NS2-C-NS1-K-G, NS2-C-NS1-K-H, NS2-C-NS 1 -K-HN, NS2-C-NS2-K-F, NS2-C-NS2-K-G, NS2-C-NS2-K-H, NS2-C-NS2-K-HN, NS2-C-L-K-F, NS2-C-L-K-G, NS2-C- L-K-H, NS2-C-L-K-HN, L-C-N-K-F, L-C-N-K-G, L-C-N-K-H, L-C-N-K-HN, L-C-M-K-F, L- C-M-K-G, L-C-M-K-H, L-C-M-K-HN, L-C-M2-K-F, L-C-M2-K-G, L-C-M2-K-H, L-C-M2-K- HN, L-C-P-K-F, L-C-P-K-G, L-C-P-K-H, L-C-P-K-HN, L-C-NS1-K-F, L-C-NS1-K-G, L-C- NS1-K-H, L-C-NS1-K-HN, L-C-NS2-K-F, L-C-NS2-K-G, L-C-NS2-K-H, L-C-NS2-K-HN, L- C-L-K-F, L-C-L-K-G, L-C-L-K-H, or L-C-L-K-HN. Most preferably the arrangement is F-C-N- K-M2. It is within the scope of the present invention that every protein can be combined with any other protein and that any two proteins can or cannot be connected or linked by either a cleavage site or a linker peptide.
It is particularly preferred that the viral polyprotein encoded by the first, the second and the third polynucleotide has an amino acid according to SEQ ID NO: 7.
In preferred embodiments, the vector or vectors comprising the first, and the second and/or the third polynucleotide is/are selected from the group consisting of plasmid, cosmid, phage, virus, and artificial chromosome. More preferably, a vector suitable for practicing the present invention is selected from the group consisting of plasmid vectors, cosmid vectors, phage vectors, preferably lambda phage and filamentous phage vectors, viral vectors, adenovirus vectors (e.g., non-replicating Ad5, Adl l , Ad26, Ad35, Ad49, ChAd3, ChAd4, ChAd5, ChAd6, ChAd7, ChAd8, ChAd9, ChAdlO, ChAdl l, ChAdl6, ChAdl7, ChAdl9, ChAd20, ChAd22, ChAd24, ChAd26, ChAd30, ChAd31, ChAd37, ChAd38, ChAd44, ChAd55, ChAd63, ChAd 73, ChAd82, ChAd83, ChAd 146, ChAd 147, PanAdl, PanAd2, and PanAd3 vectors or replication- competent Ad4 and Ad7 vectors), adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors (e.g., AAV type 5 and type 2), alphavirus vectors (e.g., Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE), sindbis virus (SIN), semliki forest virus (SFV), and VEE-SIN chimeras), herpes virus vectors, measles virus vectors, pox virus vectors (e.g., vaccinia virus, modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), NYVAC (derived from the Copenhagen strain of vaccinia), and avipox vectors: canarypox (ALVAC) and fowlpox (FPV) vectors), vesicular stomatitis virus vectors, retrovirus, lentivirus, viral like particles, and bacterial spores. The vectors ChAd3, ChAd4, ChAd5, ChAd6, ChAd7, ChAd8, ChAd9, ChAdlO, ChAdl l, ChAd 16, ChAd 17, ChAd 19, ChAd20, ChAd22, ChAd24, ChAd26, ChAd30, ChAd31, ChAd37, ChAd38, ChAd44, ChAd63 and ChAd82 are described in detail in WO 2005/071093. The vectors PanAdl, PanAd2, PanAd3, ChAd55, ChAd73, ChAd83, ChAdl46, and ChAdl47 are described in detail in WO 2010/086189.
In preferred embodiments, the expression system is for use in medicine. In more preferred embodiments, the expression system is for use in the prophylaxis or treatment of viral infection, particularly preferably for use in the prophylaxis or treatment of RSV infection.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides an isolated protein mixture encoded by the expression system of the first aspect. Preferably, the isolated protein mixture contains, essentially contains or comprises one or more of the viral proteins encoded by the expression system of the first aspect.
In preferred embodiments, the isolated protein mixture is for use in medicine. In particularly preferred embodiments, the isolated protein mixture is for use in the prophylaxis or treatment of viral infection, particularly preferably for use in the prophylaxis or treatment of RSV infection.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides an isolated host cell containing the expression system of the first aspect and/or the protein mixture of the second aspect. It is understood that such host cell includes but is not limited to prokaryotic (e.g. a bacterial cell) or eukaryotic cells (e.g. a fungal, plant or animal cell).
In preferred embodiments, the host cell is for use in medicine. In particularly preferred embodiments, the host cell is for use in the prophylaxis or treatment of viral infection, particularly preferably for use in the prophylaxis or treatment of RSV infection.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a composition comprising the expression system of the first aspect or the protein mixture of the second aspect and a pharmaceutical acceptable carrier and/or excipient. Preferably, such composition is a pharmaceutical composition.
The composition of the fourth aspect contains a therapeutically effective amount of the compound, preferably in purified form, together with a suitable amount of carrier so as to provide the form for proper administration to the patient. The formulation should suit the mode of administration.
The compositions can take the form of solutions, suspensions, emulsion, tablets, pills, capsules, powders, sustained-release formulations and the like. The composition can be formulated as a suppository, with traditional binders and carriers such as triglycerides.
For preparing pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers can be either solid or liquid.
Solid form compositions include powders, tablets, pills, capsules, lozenges, cachets, suppositories, and dispersible granules. A solid excipient can be one or more substances, which may also act as diluents, flavoring agents, binders, preservatives, tablet disintegrating agents, or an encapsulating material. In powders, the excipient is preferably a finely divided solid, which is in a mixture with the finely divided inhibitor of the present invention. In tablets, the active ingredient is mixed with the carrier having the necessary binding properties in suitable proportions and compacted in the shape and size desired. Suitable excipients are magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugar, lactose, pectin, dextrin, starch, gelatin, tragacanth, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, a low melting wax, cocoa butter, and the like. For preparing suppositories, a low melting wax, such as a mixture of fatty acid glycerides or cocoa butter, is first melted and the active component is dispersed homogeneously therein, as by stirring. The molten homogeneous mixture is then poured into convenient sized molds, allowed to cool, and thereby to solidify. Tablets, powders, capsules, pills, cachets, and lozenges can be used as solid dosage forms suitable for oral administration.
Liquid form composition include solutions, suspensions, and emulsions, for example, water, saline solutions, aqueous dextrose, glycerol solutions or water/propylene glycol solutions. A saline solution is a preferred carrier when the pharmaceutical composition is administered intravenously. For parenteral injection, liquid preparations can be formulated in solution in, e.g. aqueous polyethylene glycol solution.
Preferably, the pharmaceutical composition is in unit dosage form. In such form the composition may be subdivided into unit doses containing appropriate quantities of the active component. The unit dosage form can be a packaged composition, the package containing discrete quantities of the composition, such as packeted tablets, capsules, and powders in vials or ampoules. Also, the unit dosage form can be a capsule, an injection vial, a tablet, a cachet, or a lozenge itself, or it can be the appropriate number of any of these in packaged form.
The composition, if desired, can also contain minor amounts of wetting or emulsifying agents, or pH buffering agents.
Furthermore, such composition may also comprise other pharmacologically active substance such as but not limited to adjuvants and/or additional active ingredients.
Adjuvants in the context of the present invention include but are not limited to Examples of such adjuvants include but are not limited to inorganic adjuvants, organic adjuvants, oil-based adjuvants, cytokines, particulate adjuvants, virosomes, bacterial adjuvants, synthetic adjuvants, or synthetic polynucleotides adjuvants.
Additional active ingredients include but are not limited to other vaccine compounds or compositions. Preferably, the additional active ingredient is another viral vaccine, more preferably a vaccine against paramyxoviruses, preferably selected from the group consisting of Pneumovirinae, Paramyxovirinae, Fer-de-Lance-Virus, Nariva- Virus, Salem-Virus, Tupaia- Paramyxovirus, Beilong-Virus, J-Virus, Menangle- Virus, Mossmann- Virus, and Murayama- Virus. It is particularly preferred that the Pneumovirinae is selected from the group consisting of Pneumovirus, (e.g. human respiratory syncytical virus (RSV), murine pneumonia virus, bovine RSV, ovine RSV, caprine RSV) and Metapneumovirus, (e.g. human metapneumovirus, avaian metapneumovirus) .
In a fifth aspect the present invention provides for an expression system of the first aspect, the isolated protein mixture of the second aspect, the isolated host cell of the third aspect or the composition of the fourth aspect, for the use in the treatment or prevention of a viral disease. Preferably, such the viral disease is caused by a paramyxovirus, more preferably selected from the group consisting of Pneumovirinae, Paramyxovirinae, Fer-de-Lance-Virus, Nariva-Virus, Salem-Virus, Tupaia-Paramyxovirus, Beilong-Virus, J-Virus, Menangle- Virus, Mossmann- Virus, and Murayama- Virus. Even more preferably, the Pneumovirinae is selected from the group consisting of Pneumovirus, (e.g. human respiratory syncytical virus (RSV), murine pneumonia virus, bovine RSV, ovine RSV, caprine RSV) and Metapneumovirus, (e.g. human metapneumovirus, avaian metapneumovirus).
In a sixth aspect, the present invention provides for a method of treatment or prevention of a viral disease comprising the administration of effective amounts of the expression system of the first aspect, the isolated protein mixture of the second aspect, the isolated host cell of the third aspect or the composition of the fourth aspect for the use in the treatment or prevention of a viral disease. In preferred embodiments, the viral disease is caused by a paramyxovirus, more preferably selected from the group consisting of Pneumovirinae, Paramyxovirinae, Fer-de- Lance-Virus, Nariva-Virus, Salem-Virus, Tupaia-Paramyxovirus, Beilong-Virus, J-Virus, Menangle-Virus, Mossmann-Virus, and Murayama-Virus. Even more preferably, the Pneumovirinae is selected from the group consisting of Pneumovirus, (e.g. human respiratory syncytical virus (RSV), murine pneumonia virus, bovine RSV, ovine RSV, caprine RSV) and Metapneumovirus, (e.g. human metapneumovirus, avaian metapneumovirus).
The following examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed to limit the scope of the invention as indicated by the appended claims in any way.
Examples
Example 1: Design and synthesis of DNA encoding optimised RSV antigen
Consensus vaccine
Several computational alternatives to isolate-based vaccine design exist. One approach is reconstruction of the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) sequence (9). In this type of analysis, the ancestral state is an estimate of the actual sequence that existed in the past (i.e., it comes directly from the reconstructed history). Another type of computational analysis is a center of the tree (COT) approach. The COT approach identifies a point on the unrooted phylogeny, where the average evolutionary distance from that point to each tip on the phylogeny is minimized. Advocates of this approach state that because the COT is a point on the phylogeny, the estimated COT sequence will have the same advantages as the estimated ancestral sequence. See, for example, U.S. Application 2005/0137387 Al . However, this COT approach is sufficiently complex that reducing it to practice for a large and heterologous data set such as the Influenza sequence database is not practical with technology. Overall, the MRCA and COT approaches are impractical for application to the complex Influenza sequence database. A third type of computational analysis is the consensus sequence approach. Because the consensus sequence is composed of the amino acid most commonly observed at each position, it likely represents the most-fit state of the virus. Thus, effective evasion of the immune response by selection of a sequence divergent from consensus may result in a less fit virus from a replicative standpoint. The consensus sequence approach favors heavily sampled sublineages and deemphasizes outliers. As such, the approaches utilized herein are far more straightforward than the other types of computational analyses. Furthermore, these approaches can use the entire data set for RSV. One advantage of the consensus sequence is that it minimizes the genetic differences between vaccine strains and contemporary isolates, effectively reducing the extent of diversity by half, and thus it may have enhanced potential for eliciting cross-reactive responses.
Vaccine design
To design the vaccine antigen of the present invention, protein sequences of the F0-, N-, and M2-1- proteins of RSV were retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) RSV Resource database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Protein sequences were chosen from different RSV subtype A strains.
A FO consensus sequence was derived by alignment of all non-identical sequences of the F-protein using MUSCLE version 3.6 and applying the majority rule. The vaccine's FO consensus sequence was designed on the basis of the alignment of the different RSV sequences. The sequence similarity of the vaccine consensus FO sequence was measured performing BLAST analysis, which stands for Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and is publicly available through the NCBI. The highest average similarity of the consensus sequence, calculated compared to all RSV sequences in the database, was 100 % with respect to the human respiratory syncytial virus A2 strain.
Further, the vaccine's F0 sequence lacks the transmembrane region residing in amino acids 525 to 574 to allow for the secretion of FOATM.
Finally, the vaccine FOATM sequence was codon-optimized for expression in eukaryotic cells.
The vaccine's N consensus sequence was derived by alignment of all non-identical sequences of the N-protein using MUSCLE version 3.6 and applying the majority rule. BLAST analysis of the N consensus sequence found the best alignment with the human respiratory syncytial virus A2 strain. The vaccine's N sequence was then codon-optimized for expression in eukaryotic cells.
A M2-1 consensus sequence was derived by alignment of all non-identical sequences of the M2-1 -protein using MUSCLE version 3.6 and applying the majority rule. BLAST analysis of the M2-1 consensus sequence found the best alignment with the human respiratory syncytial virus A2 strain. Finally, the vaccine M2-1 sequence was codon-optimized for expression in eukaryotic cells.
The vaccines FOATM sequence and N sequence were spaced by the cleavage sequence 2 A of the Foot and Mouth Disease virus. The vaccines N sequence and M2-1 sequence were separated by a flexible linker (GGGSGGG; SEQ ID NO: 7).
Finally, the codon-optimized viral genes were cloned as the single open reading frame F0ATM-N-M2-1. A schematic diagram of the antigen composition is given in Fig. 1.
Generation of DNA plasmids encoding FOATM and F0ATM-N-M2-1
Consensus FOATM, N and M2-1 sequences were optimized for mammalian expression, including the addition of a Kozak sequence and codon optimization. The DNA sequence encoding the multi-antigen vaccine was chemically synthesized and then sub-cloned by suitable restriction enzymes EcoRV and NotI into the pVJTetOCMV shuttle vector under the control of the CMV promoter.
Generation of PanAd3 viral-vectored RSV vaccine
A viral-vectored RSV vaccine PanAd3/F0ATM-N-M2-l was generated which contains a 809 aa polyprotein coding for the consensus FOATM, N and M2-1 proteins fused by a flexible linker.
Bonobo Adenovirus type 3 (PanAd3) is a novel adenovirus strain with improved seroprevalence and has been described previously.
Cloning of F0ATM-N-M2-1 from the plasmid vector pVJTetOCMV/F0ATM-N-M2-l into the PanAd3 pre-Adeno vector was performed by cutting out the antigen sequences flanked by homologous regions and enzymatic in vitro recombination.
Analysis of antigen expression in mammalian cells
To control that the unique combination of viral antigens was efficiently expressed and correctly processed into mammalian cells, Hela cells were transfected with 10 μg of DNA plasmid encoding the F0ATM-N-M2-1 antigen. Cells were cultured for 36 hours before the supernatant was collected and cell lysates were prepared. Proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and blotted onto nylon filters. A mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb8) raised against the M viral protein (gift from Dr. Geraldine Taylor) was used to reveal the expressed proteins.
As shown in Fig. 2 and 3, the fused viral protein N-M2-1 is very efficiently released from the polyprotein by the 2 A cleavage site and recognized as a major band by mAb8. Very few high molecular weight precursor is present at steady-state in the cells. Lysates of Hep2-cells infected with RSV strain A were used as control.
Non-Reducing SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis of the cell culture medium showed that the F-protein deleted of the trans-membrane region is secreted into the supernatant (see Fig. 3, lane RSV). The molecular weight of the F-protein in the supernatant is consistent with homotrimeric F-protein, which is its native configuration.
Example 2: Vaccine immunogenicity in mice
Anti-F antibodies by DNA immunization
DNA plasmids encoding F0ATM-N-M2-1 or FOATM alone were used to immunize mice by DNA plasmid injection and electroporation (GET) with a regimen of priming and boosting at three weeks post prime. Sera of immunized mice were collected two weeks after boosting and pooled.
Supernatants from Hela cells infected with PanAd3/F0ATM-N-M2-l at MOI 250 were separated on non-reducing SDS-PAGE, blotted onto nylon filters and probed with different dilutions of sera from mice immunized with FOATM or F0ATM-N-M2-1.
As shown in Fig. 4A and B, the antibody titers raised by the F-protein expressed in the context of the vaccine antigen are at least 30 times higher than those elicited by the F-protein alone. Thus, the F0ATM-N-M2-1 antigen has superior immunogenic properties in inducing B- cell responses in mice.
T cell response
The immunological potency of the chimpanzee adenoviral vector PanAd3 bearing the RSV vaccine antigen F0ATM-N-M2-1 was evaluated in mice.
Groups of Balb/C mice were immunized by intramuscular injection in the quadriceps with increasing dose of PanAd3/ F0ATM-N-M2-1. 4 weeks after vaccination mice were sacrificed and splenocytes were subjected to IFNy-Elispot assay using mapped immunodominant peptides from RSV F- and M-proteins (peptide GWYTSVITIELSNIKE (F aa 51-66) peptide KYKNAVTEL (F aa 85-93) and peptide SYIGSINNI (M aa 282-290)).
As shown in Fig. 5, a potent T cell response was observed against known Balb/C immunodominant epitopes against RSV F and M proteins. References
) Ono & Freed, (2005), Adv. Virus Res., 273:5419-5442
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) Simoes EA & Carbonell-Estrany X (2003), Pediatr Infect Dis J 22:S13-8; discussion SI 8-20.
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Sequence Listing - Free Text Information
SEQ ID NO: 1 F protein minimal sequence
SEQ ID NO: 2 F0ATM
SEQ ID NO: 3 N protein minimal sequence
SEQ ID NO:4 N protein of RSV
SEQ ID NO: 5 M2-1 protein of RSV
SEQ ID NO: 6 peptide linker
SEQ ID NO : 7 F0ATM-N-M2- 1

Claims

Claims
1. An expression system comprising a first polynucleotide encoding at least one viral protein of a paramyxovirus or variant thereof, which induces a T cell response and a second polynucleotide encoding at least one viral protein of a paramyxovirus or variant thereof, which induces a B cell response.
2. The expression system of claim 1, wherein the paramyxovirus is selected from the subfamily of Pneumovirinae, Paramyxovirinae, Fer-de-Lance-Virus, Nariva- Virus, Salem-Virus, Tupaia-Paramyxovirus, Beilong-Virus, J- Virus, Menangle- Virus, Mossmann- Virus, and Murayama- Virus.
3. The expression system of claim 2, wherein the Pneumovirinae is selected from the group consisting of Pneumovirus, preferably human respiratory syncytical virus (RSV), murine pneumonia virus, bovine RSV, ovine RSV, caprine RSV, turkey rinotracheitis and Metapneumovirus, preferably human metapneumovirus and avaian metapneumovirus.
4. The expression system of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first polynucleotide and the second polynucleotide are comprised on separate vectors or on the same vector.
5. The expression system of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first polynucleotide and the second polynucleotide are linked in such that they are expressed as a viral polyprotein.
6. The expression system of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the viral protein of a paramyxovirus, which induces a T cell response is a non-structural protein of a paramyxovirus, and/or the viral protein of a paramyxovirus, which induces a B cell response is a structural protein of a paramyxovirus.
7. The expression system of claim 6, wherein the amino acid sequence of the structural and/or non-structural protein comprises consecutive segments or a consensus sequence of one or more different paramyxovirus isolates.
8. The expression system of claim 6 or 7, wherein the structural protein is a protein exposed on the surface of the native paramyxovirus.
9. The expression system of claim 8, wherein the membrane attachment domain of the protein exposed on the surface of the native paramyxovirus is functionally deleted.
10. The expression system of claim 9, wherein the protein exposed on the surface of the native paramyxovirus is selected from the group consisting of fusion protein (F), and any of the attachment glycoproteins G, H, and HN.
1 1. The expression system of claim 10, wherein F comprises an amino acid sequence of F of one RSV isolate or a consensus amino acid sequence of two or more different RSV isolates, preferably according to SEQ ID NO 1.
12. The expression system of claim 10 or 11, wherein F comprises an amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO 2.
13. The expression system of any of claims 6 to 12, wherein the non-structural protein is selected from the group consisting of nucleoprotein N, Matrix proteins M and M2, Phosphoprotein P, non structural proteins NS 1 and NS2, and the catalytic subunit of the polymerase (L).
14. The expression system of claim 13, wherein N comprises an amino acid sequence of N, of one RSV isolate or a consensus amino acid sequence of two or more different RSV isolates, preferably according to SEQ ID NO 3 and wherein M2 comprises an amino acid sequence of M2 of one RSV isolate or a consensus amino acid sequence of two or more different RSV isolates, preferably according to SEQ ID NO 5.
15. The expression system of claim 14 or 15, wherein N comprises the amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO 4 and M2 comprises the amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO 5.
16. The expression system of any of the claims 6 to 15, wherein a polynucleotide which is or encodes a cleavage site is positioned between the first polynucleotide and the second polynucleotide.
17. The expression system of claim 16, wherein the cleavage site is a self-cleaving site or an endopeptidase cleavage site.
18. The expression system of claim 17, wherein the self-cleaving site is a 2 A cleavage site selected from the group consisting of a viral 2A peptide or 2A-like peptide of Picornavirus, insect viruses, Aphtoviridae, Rotaviruses and Trypanosoma, preferably wherein the 2A cleavage site is the 2 A peptide of foot and mouth disease virus
19. The expression-system of any of claims 1 to 18, further comprising a third polynucleotide encoding a non-structural protein of a paramyxovirus or a variant thereof.
20. The expression system of claim 19, wherein the third polynucleotide is comprised on a separate or on the same vector as the first polynucleotide and/or the second polynucleotide.
21. The expression system of claim 20, wherein the first polynucleotide, the second polynucleotide and the third polynucleotide are linked in such that they are expressed as a viral polyprotein.
22. The expression-system of claim 21, wherein the non-structural protein encoded by the third polynucleotide differs from the non-structural protein encoded by the second polynucleotide.
23. The expression-system of claim 22, wherein a polynucleotide encoding a linker is positioned between the second polynucleotide and the third polynucleotide.
24. The expression-system of claim 23, wherein the linker is a flexible linker, preferably a flexible linker comprising an amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO 7.
25. The expression-system of claim 24, wherein the viral protein encoded by the first polynucleotide is located N-terminally with respect to the viral protein encoded by the second polynucleotide and/or the viral protein of the optional third polynucleotide is located C-terminally with respect to the viral protein encoded by the second polynucleotide.
26. The expression-system of claim 25, wherein the viral polyprotein encoded by the first, the second and the third polynucleotide has an amino acid according to SEQ ID NO: 7.
27. The expression-system of any of the claims 4 to 26, wherein the vector or vectors are selected from the group consisting of plasmid vectors, cosmid vectors, phage vectors, preferably lambda phage and filamentous phage vectors, viral vectors, preferably adenovirus vectors, adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors, alphavirus vectors, herpes virus vectors, measles virus vectors, pox virus vectors, vesicular stomatitis virus vectors, retrovirus vectors, lentivirus vectors, viral like particles, and bacterial spores.
28. The expression-system of claim 27, wherein the viral vector is selected from the group consisting of PanAdl, PanAd2, PanAd3, ChAd55, ChAd 73, ChAd83, ChAdl46, ChAdl47, ChAd3, ChAd4, ChAd5, ChAd6, ChAd7, ChAd8, ChAd9, ChAdlO, ChAdl l , ChAd 16, ChAd 17, ChAd 19, ChAd20, ChAd22, ChAd24, ChAd26, ChAd30, ChAd31, ChAd37, ChAd38, ChAd44, ChAd63 and ChAd82.
29. An isolated protein mixture encoded by the expression system of claims 1 to 28.
30. An isolated host cell containing the expression-system according to any one of claims 1 to 28 and/or the protein mixture of claim 29.
31. A composition comprising the expression-system of claims 1 to 28 or the isolated protein mixture of claim 29 and a pharmaceutical acceptable carrier and/or excipient.
32. The composition of claim 31, comprising a further active ingredient, preferably selected from the group consisting of an adjuvant and an active ingredient.
33. An expression system according to claims 1 to 28, an isolated protein mixture of claim 29, an isolated cell according to claim 30, or a composition according to claims 31 to 32, for the use in the treatment or prevention of a viral disease.
34. The expression system, the isolated protein mixture, the isolated cell or the composition of claim 33, wherein the viral disease is caused by a paramyxovirus, preferably selected from the group consisting of Pneumovirinae, Paramyxovirinae, Fer-de-Lance-Virus, Nariva-Virus, Salem-Virus, Tupaia-Paramyxovirus, Beilong- Virus, J- Virus, Menangle- Virus, Mossmann- Virus, and Murayama-Virus.
35. The expression system, the isolated protein mixture, the isolated cell or the composition of claim 34, wherein the virus belonging to the group of Pneumovirinae is selected from the group consisting of Pneumovirus, preferably human respiratory syncytical virus (RSV), murine pneumonia virus, bovine RSV, ovine RSV, caprine RSV, turkey rinotracheitis and Metapneumovirus, preferably human metapneumovirus, avaian metapneumovirus .
36. A method of treatment or prevention of a viral disease comprising administration of an effective amount of the expression system according to claims 1 to 28, the isolated protein mixture of claim 29, the isolated cell according to claim 30, or the composition according to claims 31 to 32.
37. The method of claim 36, wherein the viral disease is caused by a paramyxovirus, preferably selected from the group consisting of Pneumovirinae, Paramyxovirinae, Fer- de-Lance- Virus, Nariva-Virus, Salem- Virus, Tupaia-Paramyxovirus, Beilong- Virus, J- Virus, Menangle- Virus, Mossmann-Virus, and Murayama- Virus.
38. The method of claim 37, wherein the virus belonging to the group of Pneumovirinae is selected from the group consisting of Pneumovirus, preferably human respiratory syncytical virus (RSV), murine pneumonia virus, bovine RSV, ovine RSV, caprine RSV, turkey rinotracheitis and Metapneumovirus, preferably human metapneumovirus, avaian metapneumovirus.
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IL226551A IL226551B (en) 2010-12-30 2013-05-23 A preparation containing an expression system that includes at least one viral vector containing polynucleotides encoding proteins of a respiratory syncytial virus
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