WO2012088901A1 - 一种虚拟局域网的分配方法以及相关装置 - Google Patents

一种虚拟局域网的分配方法以及相关装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012088901A1
WO2012088901A1 PCT/CN2011/078706 CN2011078706W WO2012088901A1 WO 2012088901 A1 WO2012088901 A1 WO 2012088901A1 CN 2011078706 W CN2011078706 W CN 2011078706W WO 2012088901 A1 WO2012088901 A1 WO 2012088901A1
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mac address
terminal device
prefix field
vlan
packet
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PCT/CN2011/078706
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English (en)
French (fr)
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周道龙
顾荣伟
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority to RU2013106261/08A priority Critical patent/RU2530250C1/ru
Publication of WO2012088901A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012088901A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H04L61/50Address allocation
    • H04L61/5038Address allocation for local use, e.g. in LAN or USB networks, or in a controller area network [CAN]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2101/00Indexing scheme associated with group H04L61/00
    • H04L2101/60Types of network addresses
    • H04L2101/604Address structures or formats
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2101/00Indexing scheme associated with group H04L61/00
    • H04L2101/60Types of network addresses
    • H04L2101/618Details of network addresses
    • H04L2101/622Layer-2 addresses, e.g. medium access control [MAC] addresses

Definitions

  • a virtual local area network is a type of network switching device that logically divides a LAN device into a network segment or a smaller local area network, thereby implementing a data exchange technology of a virtual working group, and is mainly applied to a switch. And in the router.
  • VLAN virtual local area network
  • LANs have the same attributes. Since it is logically divided rather than physically divided, each workstation in the same VLAN is not restricted to the same physical range, that is, these workstations can be on different physical network segments. According to the characteristics of VLANs, broadcast and unicast traffic inside a VLAN are not transferred to other VLANs, which helps control traffic, reduce equipment investment, simplify network management, and improve network security. In addition to dividing the network into multiple broadcast domains, VLANs can effectively control the occurrence of broadcast storms and make the network topology very flexible. It can also be used to control different departments and different sites in the network. Visit each other.
  • the most common way to divide a VLAN is based on port division.
  • This method adds the same VLAN tag to the packets with no VLAN tags from the same port and forwards the packets in the same VLAN.
  • This mode is simple to configure and is applicable to the networking environment where the physical location of the terminal device is relatively fixed. With the popularity of mobile office and wireless access, the terminal device no longer accesses the device through the fixed port. It may use port A to access the network this time, and use port B to access the network next time. If the VLANs of port A and port B are different, the terminal device will be assigned to another VLAN after the second access. The services cannot be used or cannot use the resources in the original VLAN. The configuration is the same. When port B is assigned to another terminal device, access security is introduced.
  • MAC Media Access Control
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for allocating a virtual local area network and related devices, which are used to quickly and flexibly perform VLAN allocation of a large number of terminal devices.
  • the method for allocating a virtual local area network includes: obtaining a media access control MAC address of the terminal device; extracting a prefix field in the MAC address according to a preset extraction rule, where the prefix field is a binary field of the first N bits in the MAC address And the N is greater than or equal to 1, and is less than 48; and the terminal device is allocated a corresponding VLAN tag according to the prefix field.
  • the device for distributing a virtual local area network includes: an obtaining unit, configured to acquire a media access control MAC address of the terminal device; and an extracting unit, configured to extract a prefix field in the MAC address according to a preset extraction rule, where The prefix field is a binary field of the first N bits in the MAC address, and the N is greater than or equal to 1, and is less than 48.
  • the allocating unit is configured to allocate a corresponding VLAN tag to the terminal device according to the prefix field.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a VLAN allocation method according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is another schematic flowchart of a VLAN allocation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is another schematic flowchart of a VLAN allocation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the logical structure of a VLAN allocating apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a method for allocating a virtual local area network and related devices, which are used for quickly and flexibly completing cage allocation of a large number of terminal devices.
  • an embodiment of a method for allocating a virtual local area network includes:
  • the virtual local area network VLAN allocation device acquires the MAC address of the terminal device.
  • the virtual local area network (VLAN) VLAN allocation device is an access device having a Layer 2 function, for example, a switch, a Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM), a router having a Layer 2 function, and the like.
  • DSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer
  • the MAC address is the world's only 48-bit (binary) physical address that is burned into the network card by the manufacturer. 0 to 23 of the MAC address is the Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI), and 0UI is a unique identifier assigned to various organizations by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). To identify nodes in the LAN; 24 to 47 bits of the MAC address are assigned by the manufacturer.
  • UMI Organizationally Unique Identifier
  • IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  • the VLAN allocating device extracts a prefix field in the MAC address according to a preset extraction rule, and the prefix field is a binary field of the first N bits in the MAC address, and N is greater than or equal to 1, and less than 48.
  • the 0UI of its MAC address is definitely the same (that is, the first 24 bits are the same). If the terminal equipment produced by the same company or manufacturer is the same type of product (such as a digital set-top box), the field with the same prefix portion of the MAC address may be longer (that is, the larger the value of N).
  • the administrator can flexibly set the N value according to the actual situation of the type, quantity, and distribution of various terminal devices in the enterprise, so that the management is convenient and the terminal can be acquired as much as possible.
  • Device information When performing VLAN assignment of a terminal device, the administrator can flexibly set the N value according to the actual situation of the type, quantity, and distribution of various terminal devices in the enterprise, so that the management is convenient and the terminal can be acquired as much as possible. Device information.
  • the VLAN allocating device allocates a corresponding VLAN tag to the terminal device according to the prefix field.
  • the prefix field and the corresponding VLAN tag are stored, and the mapping relationship between the prefix field and the corresponding VLAN tag is established.
  • Each type of terminal device has different service application requirements, needs to be allocated to the corresponding VLAN, and obtains corresponding network resources, and the same type of terminal device often has the same prefix field, and the VLAN allocation device can distinguish different according to the prefix field.
  • Type of terminal device and can assign phases to multiple terminal devices of the same type
  • the same VLAN tag avoids the problem of accurate static binding of MAC addresses and VLANs—the amount of data caused by one-to-one relationship is large and difficult to maintain.
  • the invention extracts a prefix field in a MAC address, and allocates a corresponding VLAN tag to the terminal device according to the prefix field. If a terminal device with multiple prefix fields needs to allocate a VLAN tag, the present invention can uniformly be a plurality of terminals. The device divides the VLANs, so that these terminal devices with the same prefix field have the same VLAN tag, which reduces the burden on the switch and improves the speed of allocating queries.
  • the present invention provides an achievable method for extracting a prefix field.
  • another embodiment of the method for allocating a virtual local area network according to the present invention includes: 201. Obtaining a terminal MAC address of the device;
  • the VLAN assignment device acquires the MAC address of the terminal device that needs to assign a VLAN tag.
  • the VLAN allocation device queries the mask corresponding to the MAC address.
  • a mask matching the prefix field of the MAC address is preset in the VLAN allocating device, that is, if the prefix field is the first N bits of the MAC address, the first N bits of the mask are "1", and the remaining 48 minus N The bit is "0", for example: If the prefix field is 32 bits (1234-5678-xxxx), the mask is ffff-ffff_0000.
  • the role of the mask is to mask out fields other than the prefix field in the MAC address, so that the computer separately identifies the prefix field in the MAC address.
  • the VLAN allocating device performs a logical AND operation on the MAC address and the corresponding mask to obtain a prefix field.
  • the mask length configuration is shorter. That is, the "1" configuration of the first few bits of the mask is less); if the number of terminals is small, a longer mask can be configured to achieve more precise configuration and control (that is, the "1" configuration of the first few bits of the mask is more some).
  • the mask can be configured as: ffff-ff 00-0000.
  • the terminal device The information displayed in the network is only 1234-56, but this MAC address plus mask can indicate that the number of terminals ranges from 1234-5600-0000 to 1234_56ff-ffff; when comparing the same type of terminal equipment in the enterprise
  • the mask can be configured as: ffff-fff-0000.
  • the information that the terminal device displays on the network is: 1234-5678, the computer can learn more about this from the prefix field of 1234-5678.
  • the information of the terminal device makes the allocation in the VLAN more reasonable.
  • the corresponding MAC address plus mask can indicate that the range of the number of terminals is small, only 1234-5678-0000 to 1234_5678_ffff.
  • the prefix field is extracted by using a configuration mask.
  • the prefix field of the preset length may be fixedly extracted by using a preset parameter.
  • the extraction rule of the prefix field may also be used. There are other ways, which are not specifically limited here.
  • step 204 in this embodiment is the same as that of step 103 in the foregoing embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and details are not described herein again.
  • a MAC address plus a mask is used to allocate a VLAN.
  • the method for representing a terminal device is very flexible, and the number and accuracy of the control terminal can be determined according to actual needs.
  • the VLAN allocating device allocates a good VLAN to all the terminal devices when the device is initialized.
  • some terminal devices can configure the VLA label for the sent packet, and some terminal devices cannot The message sent by the VLA tag is configured. Therefore, the present invention also provides a mechanism for allocating a VLAN in real time.
  • another embodiment of the method for allocating a virtual local area network according to the present invention includes:
  • the VLAN distribution device receives the message sent by the terminal device in the same local area network, and the message represents the service required by the corresponding terminal device.
  • the VLAN allocation device determines whether the packet carries a VLAN tag. If the VLAN tag is carried, the step 308 is triggered. If the VLAN tag is not carried, the step 303 is triggered.
  • some terminal devices when a packet is sent, some terminal devices can configure a VLAN tag for the sent packet, and some terminal devices cannot configure a VLAN tag for the packet sent by the terminal device.
  • the switch device needs to be configured in real time. Add a preset VLAN tag to the VLAN-free packet so that the packet can be forwarded in the corresponding VLAN.
  • the VLAN allocating device decapsulates the packet, and obtains the MAC address of the terminal device where the sender is located in the packet. 304. Query a mask corresponding to the MAC address.
  • step 304 in this embodiment is the same as that of the step 202 in the foregoing embodiment shown in FIG. 2, and details are not described herein again.
  • step 305 in this embodiment is the same as that of the step 203 in the foregoing embodiment shown in FIG. 2, and details are not described herein again.
  • the VLAN allocation device queries the mapping relationship between the locally stored prefix field and the VLAN tag.
  • a prefix field of a MAC address indicates all terminal devices of the same type. This type of terminal device should be configured with corresponding network resources and transmission priorities. Therefore, packets sent by the terminal device need to have corresponding network resources and transmission priorities. Level intra-VLAN forwarding. Since the process of packet forwarding occurs after the terminal device is initialized, each prefix field and the corresponding VLAN tag are locally stored.
  • the VLAN assigning device After the mapping between the prefix field and the corresponding VLAN tag is queried, the VLAN assigning device adds a corresponding VLAN tag to the packet, so that the packet can be forwarded in the corresponding VLAN.
  • the VLAN allocation device forwards the packet to the corresponding VLAN according to the VLAN tag on the packet, and performs service processing carried by the packet.
  • the VLA distribution device when the VLA distribution device receives the packet, it determines whether the packet carries a VLAN tag, and if not, assigns a VLAN tag to the packet according to the prefix field of the packet, so that the packet is The text can be forwarded in the corresponding VLAN to perform corresponding service processing.
  • the prefix field of the present invention can represent a plurality of terminal devices, the amount of stored data is small, so that when the mapping relationship of related VLA tags is performed, Convenient, the speed of message forwarding has been significantly improved.
  • VLAN allocation method in the foregoing embodiment is further described in detail in a specific application scenario, which is specifically:
  • the VLAN allocating device When all terminal devices located in the same local area network are initialized, the VLAN allocating device first obtains the MAC addresses of all the terminal devices, and analyzes and classifies all the MAC addresses, according to the type, quantity, and distribution of various terminal devices. The factor determines the prefix field of each type of terminal device, and then stores the prefix field locally in the form of a MAC address plus a mask. Assume that all of the above terminal devices can be divided into three categories: computers, IP phones, and digital set-top boxes. The analysis of the types, numbers, and distribution of various terminal devices determines that the prefix fields of computers, IP phones, and digital set-top boxes are 24 bits. , 32-bit and 40-bit.
  • 1234-5678_9abc, 1234-56bc-349a, and 1234-5634-9a34 are one of the terminal devices of the computer, IP phone, and digital set-top box, respectively, and their MAC address plus mask forms are: 1234-5678-9abc+ffff_ff 00-0000, 1234-56bc-349a+ffff-fff-0000 and 1234-5634-9a34+fff-fffff-f00.
  • a VLAN tag is assigned to each prefix field, and the mapping relationship between each prefix field and the VLAN tag is stored, and the VLAN tag is sent to the corresponding terminal device, so that the terminal device with the capability of adding the VLAN tag is added.
  • the VLAN tag corresponding to the terminal device can be added to the packet.
  • the VLAN distribution device obtains the packet sent by the terminal device, and determines whether the packet carries the VLAN tag. If yes, the packet is forwarded to the corresponding VLAN according to the VLAN tag of the packet, and the packet is sent to the VLAN.
  • the process of assigning a VLAN tag in real time includes: First, decapsulating the packet, obtaining the MAC address of the terminal device where the sender is located in the message is 1234-5678_9abc; and then querying the MAC address of the MAC address 1234-5678_9abc+ The masked data string is 1234-5678_9abc +ffff-ff 00-0000, and the MAC address and the corresponding mask are logically ANDed by the binary number to obtain the prefix field 1234-56. Finally, the locally stored prefix field is queried.
  • VLAN tag mapping relationship (1234-56- VLAN1) according to the mapping relation of the packet with the corresponding VLAN tag VLAN1 0
  • the VLAN distribution device After the corresponding VLAN tag is added to the packet, the VLAN distribution device forwards the packet to the VLAN 1 according to the VLAN tag of the packet, and performs the service processing of the packet.
  • the terminal device of the present invention allocates a VLAN according to the prefix field of the MAC address, the related application of the terminal device does not change, so there is no need to reconfigure the SA. If the enterprise needs to upgrade or update the device, as long as the enterprise still uses the devices produced by the same manufacturer, the prefix field of the MAC address may not change, so the original VLAN configuration does not need to be changed, which reduces the work of the enterprise to maintain the network device. burden.
  • An embodiment of the VLA allocation apparatus in the embodiment of the present invention includes:
  • the obtaining unit 401 is configured to acquire a media access control MAC address of the terminal device.
  • the extracting unit 402 is configured to extract a prefix field in the MAC address according to the preset extraction rule, where the prefix field is a binary field of the first N bits in the MAC address, where N is greater than or equal to 1, and is less than 48;
  • the allocating unit 403 is configured to allocate a corresponding VLAN tag to the terminal device according to the prefix field.
  • the extracting unit in the embodiment of the present invention may include:
  • the first query module 4021 is configured to query a mask corresponding to the MAC address.
  • the operation module 4022 is configured to perform a logical AND operation on the MAC address and the mask to obtain a prefix field.
  • the second query module 4031 is configured to query a mapping relationship between the prefix field and a VLAN tag.
  • the allocating module 4032 is configured to allocate a corresponding VLAN tag to the terminal device according to the mapping relationship.
  • the receiving unit 404 is configured to receive the packet sent by the terminal device, and trigger the acquiring unit to obtain the MAC address of the terminal device in the packet.
  • the forwarding unit 405 is configured to forward the packet to a VLAN corresponding to the VLAN tag, and perform corresponding service processing.
  • the determining unit 406 is configured to determine whether the packet carries a VLAN tag, and if yes, trigger the forwarding unit 405, and if not, trigger the acquiring unit 401.
  • the obtaining unit 401 obtains the MAC address of the terminal device, and the MAC address is a globally unique 48-bit (binary) physical address that is burned into the network card by the manufacturer.
  • the obtaining process may be performed when the terminal device is initialized, or the receiving unit 404 may first receive the packet sent by the terminal device in the same local area network, and the trigger obtaining unit 401 obtains the terminal device where the sender is located in the packet. MAC address.
  • the determining unit 406 in the VLAN allocating device determines whether the received packet carries a VLAN tag, and if so, triggers the forwarding unit 405, and if not, triggers the acquiring unit. 401.
  • the extracting unit 402 extracts a prefix field in the MAC address according to a preset extraction rule, where the prefix field is a binary field of the first N bits in the MAC address, and N is greater than or equal to 1, and is less than 48.
  • the preset extraction rule may be that the first query module 4021 queries the mask corresponding to the MAC address, and then the operation module 4022 performs a logical AND operation on the MAC address and the corresponding mask to obtain a prefix field.
  • a mask matching the prefix field of the MAC address is preset in the VLAN allocating device, that is, if the prefix field is the first N bits of the MAC address, the first N bits of the mask are "1", and the remaining 48 minus N Bit is "0", such as: prefix field For 32 bits (1234-5678-xxxx), the mask is ffff-ff ff_0000.
  • the extraction unit 402 of the present invention may also automatically extract the prefix field of the preset length by using a preset parameter. In an actual application, the extraction rule of the prefix field may have other manners, which is not specifically limited herein.
  • the second query module 4031 in the allocating unit 403 queries the mapping relationship between the prefix field and the VLAN tag, and the allocating module 4032 allocates a corresponding VLAN tag to the packet sent by the terminal device according to the mapping relationship.
  • the forwarding unit 405 forwards the packet to the VLAN corresponding to the VLAN tag, and performs the process. Corresponding business processing.

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)

Description

一种虚拟局域网的分配 以及相关装置 本申请要求于 2010年 12月 28日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201010609713. X、 发 明名称为 "一种虚拟局域网的分配方法以及相关装置"的中国专利申请的优先权, 其全 部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。 技术领域 本发明涉及通信领域, 尤其涉及一种虚拟局域网的分配方法以及相关装置。 背景技术 虚拟局域网 (VLAN, Virtual Local Area Network) 是一种将局域网设备从逻辑上 划分成一个个网段, 或者说是更小的局域网, 从而实现虚拟工作组的数据交换技术, 主 要应用于交换机和路由器中。
VLAN技术的出现,使得管理员可以根据实际应用需求,把同一物理局域网内的不同 用户逻辑地划分成不同的广播域, 每一个 VLAN都包含一组有着相同需求的计算机工作 站, 与物理上形成的局域网有着相同的属性。 由于它是从逻辑上划分, 而不是从物理上 划分, 所以同一个 VLAN内的各个工作站没有限制在同一个物理范围中, 即这些工作站 可以在不同物理网段。 由 VLAN的特点可知, 一个 VLAN内部的广播和单播流量都不会转 发到其他 VLAN中, 从而有助于控制流量、 减少设备投资、 简化网络管理、 提高网络的 安全性。 VLAN除了能将网络划分为多个广播域, 从而有效地控制广播风暴的发生, 以及 使网络的拓扑结构变得非常灵活的优点外, 还可以用于控制网络中不同部门、 不同站点 之间的互相访问。
VLAN最常用的划分方式是基于端口划分, 该方式对从同一端口进入的无 VLAN标签 的报文添加相同的 VLAN标签, 在同一 VLAN内进行转发处理。 该方式配置简单, 适用于 终端设备物理位置比较固定的组网环境。 随着移动办公和无线接入的普及, 终端设备不 再通过固定端口接入设备,它可能本次使用端口 A接入网络,下次使用端口 B接入网络。 如果端口 A和端口 B 的 VLAN配置不同, 则终端设备第二次接入后就会被划分到另一 VLAN, 导致业务无法使用或无法使用原来 VLAN内的资源; 如果端口 A和端口 B的 VLAN 配置相同, 当端口 B被分配给别的终端设备时, 又会引入访问安全的问题。
现有技术中, 为了解决上述的终端设备移动问题, 采用了按媒体访问控制 (MAC, Media Access Control ) 地址划分 VLAN的方法, 使得当终端设备的物理位置发生移动 时, 仍可沿用原来的籠标签。 但是, 这种方法的缺点是在初始化时, 所有的用户都 必须进行配置, 如果有几百个甚至上千个终端设备的话, 则需要对每一个 MAC地址都匹 配唯一 VLAN标签, 工作量大, 而且会导致交换机执行效率的降低, 因为在每一个交换 机的端口都可能存在很多个 VLAN组的成员, 保存了许多用户的 MAC地址, 查询起来相 当不便。 发明内容 本发明实施例提供了一种虚拟局域网的分配方法以及相关装置, 用于快速、 灵活地 完成大量终端设备的 VLAN分配。
本发明提供的虚拟局域网的分配方法, 包括: 获取终端设备的媒体访问控制 MAC地 址; 根据预置的提取规则提取 MAC地址中的前缀字段, 所述前缀字段为 MAC地址中前 N 位的二进制字段, 所述 N大于或等于 1, 且小于 48 ; 根据所述前缀字段为所述终端设备 分配相应的 VLAN标签。
本发明提供的虚拟局域网的分配装置, 包括: 获取单元, 用于获取终端设备的媒体 访问控制 MAC地址; 提取单元, 用于根据预置的提取规则提取所述 MAC地址中的前缀字 段, 所述前缀字段为所述 MAC地址中前 N位的二进制字段, 所述 N大于或等于 1, 且小 于 48 ; 分配单元, 用于根据所述前缀字段为所述终端设备分配相应的 VLAN标签。
从以上技术方案可以看出, 本发明实施例具有以下优点: 本发明通过提取 MAC地址 中的前缀字段, 根据该前缀字段为终端设备分配相应的 VLAN标签; 若有多个前缀字段 相同的终端设备需要分配 VLAN标签,则本发明就可以统一地为多个终端设备划分 VLAN, 使得这些含有相同前缀字段的终端设备具有同一个 VLA 标签, 减小了交换机的负担, 提高了分配查询的速度。 附图说明 图 1是本发明实施例 VLAN分配方法的一个流程示意图;
图 2是本发明实施例 VLAN分配方法的另一个流程示意图;
图 3是本发明实施例 VLAN分配方法的另一个流程示意图;
图 4是本发明实施例 VLAN分配装置的逻辑结构示意图。 具体实肺式 本发明实施例提供了一种虚拟局域网的分配方法以及相关装置, 用于快速、 灵活地 完成大量终端设备的籠分配。
请参阅图 1, 本发明虚拟局域网的分配方法的一个实施例包括:
101、 获取终端设备的 MAC地址;
虚拟局域网 VLAN分配装置获取终端设备的 MAC地址。 其中, 所述虚拟局域网 VLAN 分配装置为具有二层功能的接入设备,例如,交换机,数字用户线路接入复用器(Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer, DSLAM) ,具有二层功能的路由器等。
MAC地址是由生产厂家烧录入网卡的全球唯一的 48位(二进制)物理地址。 MAC 地址的 0至 23位为组织唯一标志符 (OUI, Organizationally Unique Identifier) , 0UI是由电气禾口电子工程师协会(IEEE, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 分配给各类组织的唯一标识符, 用于识别局域网中的节点; MAC 地址 的 24至 47位是由厂家自行分配的。
102、 提取 MAC地址中的前缀字段;
VLAN分配装置根据预置的提取规则提取 MAC地址中的前缀字段, 该前缀字段为 MAC 地址中前 N位的二进制字段, N大于或等于 1, 且小于 48。
如果是同一个公司或厂商生产的终端设备, 其 MAC地址的 0UI肯定是一致 (即前 24 位相同)。 如果该同一个公司或厂商生产的终端设备又是同一种类型的产品 (如都 是数字机顶盒), 则 MAC地址的前缀部分相同的字段可能更长 (即 N值越大)。
在进行终端设备的 VLAN分配时, 管理员可以根据企业内各种终端设备的类型、 数 量以及分布等实际情况灵活地设定 N值, 使得管理方便的同时, 也能够尽可能多地获取 到终端设备的信息。
具体提取前缀字段的方法在后续的实施例中详细描述。
103、 分配 VLAN标签。
VLAN分配装置根据该前缀字段为该终端设备分配一个相应的 VLAN标签。
若是对首次该终端设备进行 VLAN标签的分配, 则储存该前缀字段和相应的 VLAN标 签, 建立该前缀字段和相应 VLAN标签的映射关系。
各种类型的终端设备有着不同的业务应用需求, 需要分配到相应的 VLAN内, 获取 到相应的网络资源,而相同类型的终端设备往往具有相同的前缀字段, VLAN分配装置可 以根据前缀字段区分不同类型的终端设备, 并且可以为多个相同类型的终端设备分配相 同的 VLAN标签,避免了精确静态绑定 MAC地址和 VLAN—对一的关系而造成的数据量大 且难以维护的问题。
本发明通过提取 MAC 地址中的前缀字段, 根据该前缀字段为终端设备分配相应的 VLAN标签; 若有多个前缀字段相同的终端设备需要分配 VLAN标签, 则本发明就可以统 一地为多个终端设备划分 VLAN,使得这些含有相同前缀字段的终端设备具有同一个 VLAN 标签, 减小了交换机的负担, 提高了分配查询的速度。
由于计算机装置是无法自动识别具体前几位是前缀字段,本发明提供了可实现的前 缀字段提取方法, 请参阅图 2, 本发明虚拟局域网的分配方法的另一个实施例包括: 201、 获取终端设备的 MAC地址;
在对企业内的所有终端设备进行初始化时, VLAN分配装置获取需要分配 VLAN标签 的终端设备的 MAC地址。
202、 查询 MAC地址对应的掩码;
VLAN分配装置查询该 MAC地址对应的掩码。
VLAN分配装置中预设了与该 MAC地址的前缀字段相匹配的掩码, 即若前缀字段为 MAC地址的前 N位, 则该掩码的前 N位为 " 1 ", 余下的 48减 N位为 " 0 ", 如: 前缀字段 为 32位 ( 1234-5678-xxxx ), 则掩码为 ffff-ffff_0000。
在本发明中, 掩码的作用是屏蔽掉 MAC地址中前缀字段以外的各个字段, 使得计算 机单独识别 MAC地址中的前缀字段。
203、 MAC地址与掩码进行运算;
VLAN分配装置将该 MAC地址和对应的掩码进行二进制数的逻辑与运算,得到前缀字 段。
MAC地址和掩码按位相 "与"后, MAC地址中只有前缀字段的数值被保留了下来, 使得计算机可以单独对前缀字段进行相应的处理。
通过 MAC地址加掩码这种方式, 能表示不同终端的数目是非常灵活的, 主要取决于 配置掩码的长度, 若某种类型的终端的数量比较大, 则将掩码长度配置短一些(即掩码 前几位的 " 1 "配置少一些); 若终端数目较少, 则可以配置较长的掩码来实现更精确的 配置和控制 (即掩码前几位的 " 1 "配置多一些)。
假设一台终端设备的 MAC地址为: 1234-5678-9abc, 当企业内这种相同类型的终端 设备比较多时, 则掩码可以配置为: ffff-ff 00-0000, 此时, 这种终端设备在网路中表 现出的信息仅为 1234-56, 但这种 MAC 地址加掩码可以表示终端数量的范围为 1234-5600-0000至 1234_56ff-ffff; 当企业内这种相同类型的终端设备比较少时, 则 掩码可以配置为: ffff-ffff-0000, 此时, 这种终端设备在网路中表现出的信息为: 1234-5678, 计算机可以从 1234-5678这个前缀字段中了解到更多关于这台终端设备的 信息, 使得在 VLAN的分配更加合理。 但相应的这种 MAC地址加掩码可以表示终端数量 的范围较小, 仅为 1234-5678-0000至 1234_5678_ffff。
上述步骤 202至 203是通过配置掩码来实现提取前缀字段的,本发明也可以通过预 设参数的方式, 固定提取预设长度的前缀字段; 而在实际应用中, 前缀字段的提取规则 还可以有其它的方式, 此处具体不作限定。
204、 分配 VLAN标签。
本实施例中的步骤 204的内容与前述图 1所示的实施例中步骤 103的内容相同,此 处不再赘述。
本发明实施例中使用 MAC地址加掩码这种方式来分配 VLAN,首先,这种表示终端设 备的方法非常灵活, 可根据实际需要来确定控制终端的数量以及精确度; 其次, 由于网 络中往往通过不同的 VLA 来表示不同的业务(因为不同业务的优先级是不一样的), 很 多业务存在专有的终端 (如 IP电话、 数字机顶盒), 我们可以通过 MAC地址加掩码来区 分出不同终端, 进而区分出不同的业务, 以实现对不同业务的控制。
在实际应用中, 初始化时, VLAN分配装置会为所有的终端设备分配好 VLAN; 在发 送报文时, 某些终端设备可以为发送的报文配置好 VLA 标签, 而某些终端设备则无法 为其发送的报文配置 VLA 标签, 所以, 本发明还提供了实时分配 VLAN的机制, 请参阅 图 3, 本发明虚拟局域网的分配方法的另一个实施例包括:
301、 接收终端设备发送的报文;
VLAN分配装置接收在同一局域网内的终端设备发送的报文,该报文代表着相应终端 设备所需要进行的业务。
302、 判断报文是否携带 VLAN标签;
VLAN分配装置判断该报文是否携带 VLAN标签, 若携带了 VLAN标签, 则触发步骤 308; 若没有携带 VLAN标签, 则触发步骤 303。
在实际应用中, 在发送报文时, 某些终端设备可以为发送的报文配置好 VLAN标签, 而某些终端设备则无法为其发送的报文配置 VLAN标签, 此时则需要交换机设备实时为 该无 VLAN标签的报文添加预置的 VLAN标签, 使得该报文可以在相应的 VLAN中转发。
303、 获取终端设备的 MAC地址;
VLAN分配装置对该报文进行解封装, 获取该报文中发送方所在终端设备的 MAC地 址。 304、 查询 MAC地址对应的掩码;
本实施例中的步骤 304的内容与前述图 2所示的实施例中步骤 202的内容相同,此 处不再赘述。
305、 MAC地址与掩码进行运算;
本实施例中的步骤 305的内容与前述图 2所示的实施例中步骤 203的内容相同,此 处不再赘述。
306、 查询映射关系;
VLAN分配装置查询本地存储的前缀字段与 VLAN标签的映射关系。
一个 MAC地址的前缀字段表示同一种类型的所有终端设备,这一类型的终端设备应 该配置相应的网络资源和传输优先级,所以该终端设备发送的报文需要在具有相应的网 络资源和传输优先级的 VLAN内转发。 由于报文转发的流程发生于终端设备初始化之后, 因此, 本地存储有各个前缀字段与相应的 VLAN标签。
307、 分配 VLAN标签;
在查询到该前缀字段与相应的 VLAN标签的映射关系后, VLAN分配装置为该报文加 上相应的 VLAN标签, 使得该报文可以在相应的 VLAN内进行转发。
308、 转发报文。
VLAN分配装置根据该报文上的 VLAN标签,将该报文转发至相应的 VLAN中,进行该 报文承载的业务处理。
本发明实施例中,当 VLA 分配装置接收到报文时,会判断该报文中是否携带有 VLAN 标签, 若没有, 则根据该报文的前缀字段为该报文分配 VLAN标签, 使得该报文可以在 相应的 VLAN内进行转发, 进行相应的业务处理。 相对于现有的根据 MAC地址分配 VLAN 标签的技术, 由于本发明的前缀字段的能够表示多个终端设备, 所以所存储的数据量较 小, 使得在进行相关 VLA 标签的映射关系查询时, 更加的便捷, 报文转发的速度得到 明显的提高。
为了便于理解, 下面以一具体应用场景对上述的实施例中 VLAN分配方法再进行详 细描述, 具体为:
一、 初始化配置;
在对位于同一个局域网内的所有终端设备进行初始化时, VLAN分配装置首先获取该 所有终端设备的 MAC地址, 对所有 MAC地址进行分析归类, 根据各种终端设备的类型、 数量以及分布情况等因素确定各类型终端设备的前缀字段, 再将该前缀字段以 MAC地址 加掩码的形式存储到本地。 假设上述所有的终端设备可以分成 3类: 计算机、 IP电话和数字机顶盒, 经对各种 终端设备的类型、数量以及分布情况的分析, 确定计算机、 IP电话和数字机顶盒的前缀 字段分别为 24 位、 32 位和 40 位。 假设 1234-5678_9abc、 1234-56bc-349a 和 1234-5634-9a34分别为计算机、 IP电话和数字机顶盒的其中一个终端设备,它们的 MAC 地 址 加 掩 码 的 形 式 分 别 为 : 1234-5678-9abc+ffff_ff 00-0000 、 1234-56bc-349a+ffff-ffff-0000和 1234-5634-9a34+ffff-ffff-ff00。
根据各种终端设备对网络资源的需求, 为各个前缀字段分配 VLAN标签, 存储各个 前缀字段与 VLAN标签的映射关系, 并将 VLAN标签发送到对应的终端设备, 使得具有添 加 VLAN标签能力的终端设备在发送报文时, 可以为该报文添加上本终端设备对应的 VLAN标签。
二、 转发报文;
VLAN分配装置获取终端设备发送的报文, 并判断该报文中是否携带有 VLAN标签, 若有, 则根据该报文上的 VLAN标签, 将该报文转发至相应的 VLAN中, 进行该报文承载 的业务处理; 若没有(如计算机发出的浏览网页的报文), 则进入实时分配 VLAN标签的 流程。
实时分配 VLAN标签的流程包括: 首先, 对该报文进行解封装, 获取该报文中发送 方所在终端设备的 MAC地址为 1234-5678_9abc;然后,查询到该 MAC地址 1234-5678_9abc 对应 MAC地址 +掩码的数据串为 1234-5678_9abc +ffff-ff 00-0000, 将该 MAC地址和对 应的掩码进行二进制数的逻辑与运算, 得到前缀字段 1234-56; 最后, 查询本地存储的 前缀字段与 VLAN标签的映射关系 ( 1234-56— VLAN1 ), 根据该映射关系为该报文加上相 应的 VLAN标签 VLAN10
在该报文添加上相应的 VLAN标签后, VLAN分配装置根据该报文上的 VLAN标签,将 该报文转发至 VLAN1中, 进行该报文承载的业务处理。
在同一企业内, 当某些终端设备的物理位置发生变化时, 由于本发明的终端设备是 根据 MAC地址的前缀字段来分配 VLAN,该终端设备的相关应用没有改变,所以无需重新 配置薩。 若该企业需要升级或更新设备, 只要该企业仍然使用相同厂商生产的设备, MAC地址的前缀字段就很可能没有发生改变,所以原有的 VLAN配置也无需改变,减少了 企业维护网络设备的工作负担。
下面对用于执行上述 VLAN分配方法的本发明 VLA 分配装置的实施例进行说明,其 逻辑结构请参考图 4, 本发明实施例中的 VLAN分配装置一个实施例包括:
获取单元 401, 用于获取终端设备的媒体访问控制 MAC地址; 提取单元 402, 用于根据预置的提取规则提取 MAC地址中的前缀字段, 该前缀字段 为 MAC地址中前 N位的二进制字段, N大于或等于 1, 且小于 48 ;
分配单元 403, 用于根据该前缀字段为该终端设备分配相应的 VLAN标签; 本发明实施例中的提取单元可以包括:
第一查询模块 4021, 用于查询该 MAC地址对应的掩码;
运算模块 4022,用于将该 MAC地址和该掩码进行二进制数的逻辑与运算,得到前缀 字段。
本发明实施例中的分配单元可以包括:
第二查询模块 4031, 用于查询该前缀字段与 VLAN标签的映射关系;
分配模块 4032, 用于根据该映射关系为终端设备分配相应的 VLAN标签。
本发明实施例中的 VLAN分配装置还可以进一步包括:
接收单元 404, 用于接收终端设备发送的报文, 并触发获取单元获取该报文中该终 端设备的 MAC地址。
转发单元 405, 用于将该报文转发到与 VLAN标签相对应的 VLAN中, 进行相应的业 务处理。
判断单元 406, 用于判断该报文是否携带 VLAN标签, 若是, 则触发转发单元 405, 若否, 则触发获取单元 401。
本发明实施例 VLAN分配装置中各个单元具体的交互过程如下:
首先, 获取单元 401获取终端设备的 MAC地址, MAC地址是由生产厂家烧录入网 卡的全球唯一的 48位 (二进制) 物理地址。 这个获取的过程可以是在终端设备初始 化时进行的, 也可以是先由接收单元 404接收在同一局域网内的终端设备发送的报文, 触发获取单元 401获取该报文中发送方所在终端设备的 MAC地址。
然后, 若 VLAN分配装置进行的是报文转发的流程, 则 VLAN分配装置中的判断单元 406判断接收到的报文是否携带 VLAN标签, 若是, 则触发转发单元 405, 若否, 则触发 获取单元 401。
在获取单元 401获取到 MAC地址后,提取单元 402根据预置的提取规则提取 MAC地 址中的前缀字段, 该前缀字段为 MAC地址中前 N位的二进制字段, N大于或等于 1, 且 小于 48 ; 预置的提取规则可以是由第一查询模块 4021查询该 MAC地址对应的掩码, 再 由运算模块 4022将该 MAC地址和对应的掩码进行二进制数的逻辑与运算, 得到前缀字 段。 VLAN分配装置中预设了与该 MAC地址的前缀字段相匹配的掩码, 即若前缀字段为 MAC地址的前 N位, 则该掩码的前 N位为 " 1 ", 余下的 48减 N位为 " 0 ", 如: 前缀字段 为 32位(1234-5678-xxxx), 则掩码为 ffff-ff ff_0000。本发明的提取单元 402也可以 通过预设参数的方式, 固定提取预设长度的前缀字段, 而在实际应用中, 前缀字段的提 取规则还可以有其它的方式, 此处具体不作限定。
在提取到前缀字段后,分配单元 403中的第二查询模块 4031查询该前缀字段与 VLAN 标签的映射关系, 分配模块 4032再根据该映射关系为该终端设备发送的报文分配相应 的 VLAN标签。
当判断单元 406确定该报文带有 VLAN标签, 或分配单元 403为该终端设备发送的 报文分配了 VLAN标签之后, 转发单元 405将该报文转发到与 VLAN标签相对应的 VLAN 中, 进行相应的业务处理。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分步骤可以通过 程序来指令相关的硬件完成, 所述的程序可以存储于一种计算机可读存储介质中, 上述 提到的存储介质可以是只读存储器, 磁盘或光盘等。
以上对本发明所提供的一种虚拟局域网的分配方法以及相关装置进行了详细介绍, 对于本领域的一般技术人员, 依据本发明实施例的思想, 在具体实施方式及应用范围上 均会有改变之处, 综上所述, 本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种虚拟局域网 VLAN的分配方法, 其特征在于, 包括:
获取终端设备的媒体访问控制 MAC地址;
根据预置的提取规则提取所述 MAC地址中的前缀字段,所述前缀字段为所述 MAC地 址中前 N位的二进制字段, 所述 N大于或等于 1, 且小于 48 ;
根据所述前缀字段为所述终端设备分配相应的籠标签。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述根据预置的提取规则提取所述 MAC地址中的前缀字段包括:
查询所述 MAC地址对应的掩码;
将所述 MAC地址和所述掩码进行二进制数的逻辑与运算, 得到所述前缀字段。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述根据前缀字段为所述终端 设备分配相应的 VLAN标签包括:
查询所述前缀字段与 VLAN标签的映射关系;
根据所述映射关系为所述终端设备分配相应的 VLA 标签。
4、 根据权利要求 1至 3任意一项所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述获取终端设备的 媒体访问控制 MAC地址包括:
当终端设备初始化时, 获取当前终端设备的 MAC地址。
5、 根据权利要求 1至 3任意一项所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述获取终端设备的 媒体访问控制 MAC地址包括:
接收终端设备发送的报文;
获取所述报文中所述终端设备的 MAC地址。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述根据前缀字段为所述终端设备 分配相应的 VLAN标签之后包括:
将所述报文转发到与所述 VLAN标签相对应的 VLA 中, 以进行相应的业务处理。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述接收终端设备发送的报文之后 包括:
判断所述报文是否携带 VLAN标签, 若是, 则将所述报文转发到与所述 VLAN标签相 对应的 VLAN中, 进行相应的业务处理;
若否, 则触发获取所述报文中所述终端设备的 MAC地址的步骤。
8、 一种虚拟局域网 VLA 分配装置, 其特征在于, 包括:
获取单元, 用于获取终端设备的媒体访问控制 MAC地址; 提取单元, 用于根据预置的提取规则提取所述 MAC地址中的前缀字段, 所述前缀字 段为所述 MAC地址中前 N位的二进制字段, 所述 N大于或等于 1, 且小于 48 ;
分配单元, 用于根据所述前缀字段为所述终端设备分配相应的 VLAN标签。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述提取单元包括:
第一查询模块, 用于查询所述 MAC地址对应的掩码;
运算模块, 用于将所述 MAC地址和所述掩码进行二进制数的逻辑与运算, 得到前缀 字段。
10、 根据权利要求 8或 9所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述分配单元包括: 第二查询模块, 用于查询所述前缀字段与 VLAN标签的映射关系;
分配模块, 用于根据所述映射关系为所述终端设备分配相应的 VLAN标签。
11、 根据权利要求 8至 10任意一项所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述装置还包括: 接收单元, 用于接收终端设备发送的报文, 并触发获取单元获取所述报文中所述终 端设备的 MAC地址。
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述装置还包括:
转发单元, 用于将所述报文转发到与所述 VLAN标签相对应的 VLAN中, 进行相应的 业务处理。
13、 根据权利要求 12所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述装置还包括:
判断单元, 用于判断所述报文是否携带 VLAN标签, 若是, 则触发所述转发单元, 若否, 则触发获取单元获取所述报文中所述终端设备的 MAC地址。
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