WO2012084890A1 - Procédé et système pour réaliser un joint d'étanchéité annulaire - Google Patents

Procédé et système pour réaliser un joint d'étanchéité annulaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012084890A1
WO2012084890A1 PCT/EP2011/073329 EP2011073329W WO2012084890A1 WO 2012084890 A1 WO2012084890 A1 WO 2012084890A1 EP 2011073329 W EP2011073329 W EP 2011073329W WO 2012084890 A1 WO2012084890 A1 WO 2012084890A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gel
forming material
tubular
wellbore
annular
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2011/073329
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English (en)
Inventor
Severino Francesco SIMEONE
Wouter Besijn
Erik Kerst Cornelissen
Gerbrand Jozef Maria Van Eijden
Original Assignee
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. filed Critical Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V.
Publication of WO2012084890A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012084890A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a system for providing an annular seal around a tubular in a wellbore.
  • a hydrocarbon fluid reservoir often overlays a water-containing layer of the earth formation. After continued production of hydrocarbon oil and/or gas from the reservoir, the water level below the reservoir may rise to the level of an intake zone of the wellbore.
  • water-coning may occur whereby water is drawn from the water-containing layer to the wellbore intake zone.
  • an increased amount of water will be produced, at the cost of production of hydrocarbon fluid.
  • Such undesired fluid production can significantly reduce the economics of a hydrocarbon fluid prospect .
  • Hydrocarbon production wells are often extending horizontally can have intake zones extending over
  • completion typically includes a production tubular with inlet openings, e.g. slots, perforations or sand screens, surrounded by an open hole or gravel packed annulus . It is also possible that a perforated casing in arranged in the wellbore. Ingress of an unwanted fluid such as water in a relatively small part of the intake zone, e.g. though coning, can occur some time after the start of the production. It would then be desirable to isolate the section of the intake zone, and perform a remedial action or close off that zone.
  • an unwanted fluid such as water in a relatively small part of the intake zone, e.g. though coning
  • Gravel packing is often used for the control and reduction of sand influx from the formation into the production conduit.
  • Gravel packing refers to placing gravel and/or other particulate matter around production conduit as part of a well completion. For instance, in an open-hole completion, a gravel pack is typically positioned between the wall of the wellbore and a perforated base pipe.
  • the gravel pack serves as a filter withholding sand, additionally the base pipe can have sand-filtering means such as a sand screen or perforations in the form of slots of suitable width to withhold sand.
  • sand-filtering means such as a sand screen or perforations in the form of slots of suitable width to withhold sand.
  • a gravel pack is positioned between a casing string having perforations and a perforated base pipe, with or without additional sand-filtering means.
  • a gravel pack however stands in the way of expanding a packer.
  • SPE paper No. 115254 by J Cole-Hamilton and J Curtis discloses sealing of an annulus by squeezing magnesia cement, Portland cement or a polymer solution through slots, perforations or screens.
  • a disadvantage of such an operation is that the flow of a liquid into the annular space cannot be well controlled, so that the liquid can flow to locations that are undesired, and it is not certain that an effective seal can be obtained.
  • WO 2007/092082 discloses a wellbore method and apparatus for completion, production and injection, wherein a plurality of production intervals in the wellbore are segmented by packers.
  • sand screens are arranged in the production tubing sections between the packers.
  • the packers can include swellable elements. After the packers were expanded to provide an annular seal and isolation between production tubing sections, gravel packing is installed around the sand screens.
  • the present invention provides a method of providing an annular seal around a tubular in a wellbore penetrating a subsurface formation, the wellbore having a wellbore wall and the method comprising the steps of :
  • annular seal around the tubular can be formed by a gel-forming
  • the region is at least partly within the tubular. It can in particular be fully within the tubular. Gel-forming material that is placed within the tubular does not need to pass through the openings before swelling, and can thus be for example a rigid solid material.
  • the region is at least partly, or fully, in the annular space.
  • Gel-forming material can be introduced via the openings in the at least one open section into the annular space, before contacting with the selected fluid. This can for example be done with gel-forming material that can pass through the openings but is not free-flowing, such as a solid powder, a paste, a thixotropic material, a highly viscous material.
  • the region extends along the inner and/or outer circumference of the tubular. This is of advantage for obtaining an evenly distributed gel in the annulus after swelling.
  • the region is a band-shaped region, preferably wherein a band of gel-forming material is introduced via the tubular.
  • a band of gel-forming material can for example be prefabricated at surface and run into the tubular using a tool, to a selected position next to an opening.
  • the band-shaped region can in particular be ring-shaped or substantially cylindrical.
  • the annulus can even be filled with a gravel pack, different from e.g. an inflatable packer, and in this case the gel-forming material swells through the gravel pack.
  • a gravel pack different from e.g. an inflatable packer
  • a quantity of gel-forming material swelling from the region next to the openings will normally incorporate gravel particles in the swollen gel, which in fact reinforces the seal provided in this way.
  • the selected fluid contacting the at least one quantity of gel-forming material is or forms part of a formation fluid entering the wellbore from the subsurface formation.
  • the contacting takes place at the time of a breakthrough of an unwanted formation fluid into the wellbore.
  • the selected fluid is water or brine, so that the annual seal formed by activating the gel-forming process when and where water-coning occurs.
  • the region is a first region and the quantity of gel-forming material forms a first quantity of a plurality of quantities of gel-forming material which are arranged along the tubular in a longitudinally spaced manner, the plurality also
  • annular seals are formed by contacting the first and the second quantity with the selected fluid, so as to provide a zonal isolated annular space, which is defined by the longitudinal spacing between the first and second quantity. Two annular seals isolate the zone between them. If more than two quantities are arranged along the tubular, different zones can be isolated by pairs of annular seals.
  • the position of influx determines automatically where the seals are formed.
  • the method further comprises detecting which of the plurality of quantities of gel- forming material has or have formed an annular seal. This can be of interest when the swelling and sealing takes place automatically by the influx of the selected fluid, where it can be desired to perform a specific action in the thus isolated zone.
  • the method further comprises performing a remedial action in the zonal isolated annular space.
  • the remedial action can e.g. be total shut off of a specific zone to prevent inflow of unwanted fluids. This can be achieved by the deployment of a cementious
  • the tool used for this operation van be run using drillpipe, coiled tubing or wireline.
  • coiled tubing equipped with packer elements is run into the tubular and
  • Another remedial action can be a selective chemical treatment of that zone or though that zone, e.g. with scale inhibiter, acid stimulation, or wax removal etc., to improve the inflow of hydrocarbons from that zone.
  • a further remedial action can be the repair of a completion element, e.g. a damaged gravel pack in the annular isolated zone, e.g. by chemical sand
  • a single annular seal can be sufficient for the sealing purpose.
  • the length of the annular seal is selected in accordance with the length of the zone from which influx from the well into the annular space and/or from the annular space into the tubular is to be sealed.
  • the length can be tens or even hundred or several hundred meters, so that an extended sealed zone is formed. For example between 0.1 and 500m, such as 0.3- 300m, e.g. 5-200m.
  • the one or more openings in the at least one open section are closed during or after forming of the seal. This can prevent swelling of the gel-forming material into the tubular.
  • the gel-forming material comprises a gel-forming component selected from the group consisting of a layered silicate, an inorganic polymer, a superabsorbent .
  • the invention moreover provides a system for
  • annular seal in an annular space around a tubular in a wellbore penetrating a subsurface formation, the tubular having at least one open section with
  • the system comprising - a band of gel-forming material having a cross-section so that it can pass through tubular;
  • Figure 1 schematically shows a downhole section of a wellbore with a production tubular installed
  • Figure 2 schematically shows the downhole section of the wellbore of Figure 1, while a remedial sealing tool introduces gel-forming material openings in the
  • Figure 3 schematically shows the downhole section of the wellbore of Figures 1 and 2 after an annular seals in accordance with the invention were formed to provide a zonal isolation.
  • a production tubular 5 is provided in the wellbore wellbore 1.
  • the production tubular in this example comprises open sections 8a, 8b, 8c with inlet openings 7 for fluid communication with the annular space, annulus 6, alternating with closed sections 9a, 9b, 9c. It is also possible that there is only one extended open section, or more open and closed sections.
  • the open sections can for example correspond to specific influx regions from the surrounding earth formation.
  • the length of an open section can e.g. be in the range of l-500m, such as 10-200 m.
  • the length of a closed section can be in the range of 0.5-50 m, typically 1-5 meters.
  • An open section can e.g. be provided with
  • the wellbore 1 is shown as an open-hole wellbore, but it will be
  • casing perforations to allow ingress of formation fluids to be produced to via the production tubing to surface.
  • Formation fluid such as oil is in principle produced from formation 3, flowing via the annulus 18 into the production tubing 5 via openings in the open sections, and from there to surface (not shown) .
  • the constitution of formation fluid can vary along the length of the wellbore 1, i.e. can e.g. be different in the zones 10a, 10b, 10c. In one type of applications it is desired to produce predominantly hydrocarbons, such as oil.
  • a breakthrough fluid e.g. water
  • Water influx can e.g. be the result of water coning or, in the event of a non-horizontal such as vertical well, the rising of the hydrocarbon-water contact during production life.
  • Formation fluid flowing into the well in the section 10b can for example be or contain at least 10 wt% water, or at least 50 wt% of water. It would then for example be desirable to exclude that zone from production. This can for example be achieved by providing annular seals uphole and downhole from the water ingress zone, and by closing the openings in the open section 8b.
  • Figure 2 shows a remedial sealing tool 25 that is run from surface into the production tubing by e.g. wireline, coiled tubing, or drillpipe 28, to a position in an open section, uphole from the water ingress zone.
  • the tool arranges a first quantity 32a of gel-forming material next to openings 7 in the open section 8b.
  • Figure 2 shows the first quantity 32a in a band-shaped region around the inner circumference of the tubular.
  • a band of material of suitable cross-section can be run by the tool from surface to the desired position along the tubular.
  • the band and the remedial sealing tool 35 can form part of a system for providing an annular seal in accordance with an aspect of the invention.
  • Contacting with the selected fluid can be from within the tubular 5 and/or from the side of the annular space 6.
  • the gel-forming material is allowed to swell through the openings 7, to reach the wall of wellbore section 10b (or the inner wall of a casing is that is installed), thereby forming annular seal 34a.
  • An advantage of this embodiment is that there is no need to pump material into the annulus .
  • the breakthrough fluid is a selected fluid that activates gel-formation and causes the gel-forming material to form a gel and swell, until it meets the inner wall of the wellbore 1 (which can be uncased as shown, or cased), so as to provide an annular seals 34b (shown in Figure 3) .
  • the remedial sealing tool can stay in place until the annular seal is formed, which can be e.g. from 0.1-100, such as 1-50 hours. It is for example also possible that the tool is removed earlier. Any gel formed inside the tubular can be removed by the tool itself or a separate tool, to maintain the full passage open. In one
  • the openings of the production tubular in the swelling area are closed off before or shortly after removing the tool, such as by arranging a bushing inside the tubular 5.
  • Figure 3 shows the situation that the tool has moved on to a downhole position with regard to the ingress zone of unwanted fluid.
  • the tool 25 disposes a second quantity 32b of gel-forming material to a second region 33.
  • the second region extends into the annular space 6, so that at least part of the second quantity is passed through te openings 7 of the open section 8a.
  • the second quantity is allowed to swells through contact with the selected fluid, to form second annular seal 34b - in principle similar to the discussion with reference to Figure 2 for the first quantity of gel-forming material 32s and first annular seal 34a.
  • FIG. 4 shows the situation that both annular seals 34a and 34b are in place. Closing the openings in zone
  • annular seals 34a, 34b could be reverse. Also it will be understood that more or less annular seals can be
  • One seal can for example be sufficient if the most downhole part of the wellbore annulus is to be sealed off.
  • a plurality of quantities of gel-forming material can be arranged as described above, at a plurality of
  • breakthrough fluid flowing into the well This can for example prepare the well for quasi automatical zonal isolation in the event of a selected breakthrough fluid flowing into a well in a zone that may not be exactly known in advance. Once influx of the unwanted fluid occurs, the respective quantities of gel-forming coming in contact with the fluid will form annular seals. It can then be detected where annular seals were formed and, and suitable further remedial action can be performed such as closing off inlet openings in the tubular in the annular isolated zone.
  • the annulus 18 is provided with gravel packing.
  • the present invention can be applied in that case as well.
  • Gel-forming material can swell through the gravel, actually incorporating it in the annular seal, wherein gravel can in fact reinforce the seal.
  • the end result of such a seal 40 through gravel 42 is shown in Figure 5.
  • openings 45 that have been closed in the swelling area of the seal, so that the gel does not extend into the tubular 5.
  • uphole openings 46 and/or downhole openings 47 can also be closed off if desired. If the wellbore 1 is non-horizontal such as a
  • the gel-forming material can be gel-forming when the selected fluid is water. Alternatively, it can be gel- forming when contacting with oil, e.g. crude. It is also possible that the gel-forming material is gel-forming when being contacted with either one or both of water and oil. Herein water is meant to include brine. In one embodiment the gel-forming material does not form a gel when coming in contact with the reservoir fluid that is desired to be produced, e.g. oil.
  • Suitable gel-forming material when the selected fluid is or comprises water, is or comprises an inorganic polymer, in particular a layered silicate.
  • Suitable layered silicates are sold by Rockwood Additives Limited under the trademark Laponite.
  • Laponite grades are e.g. grades RD, XLG, D, DF, XL21, HW, or LV.
  • Relevant CAS Nos. of suitable Laponite materials are 53320-86-8 and 64060-48-6.
  • Relevant EINECS Nos. of suitable Laponite materials are 258-476-2 and 285-349-9.
  • a band of gel-forming material containing Laponite can for example be made by putting Laponite powder in a mould and applying pressure until a solid Laponite band is formed.
  • Other components such as e.g. a filler or
  • the gel- forming band can be placed with this method straight on the base pipe as well.
  • two halve moon bands can be prepared separately and subsequently they can be glued in place with epoxy resin.
  • the Laponite containing band can also be provided on a carrier or support.
  • Another suitable gel-forming material when the selected fluid is or comprises water, is or comprises a superabsorbent , such as a polyacrylate and/ or
  • polyacrylamide based superabsobent The polyacrylate and/or polyacrylamide can be cross-linked.
  • Suitable superabsorbents are sold by BASF under the trademark Luquasorb.
  • Another suitable superabsorbent is sold by Imbibitive Technologies America Inc. ( IMBTECH AMERICA) under the trademark AquaBiber.
  • Bands of gel-forming material can be made from superabsorbants , e.g. Luquasorb or AquaBiber materials, by putting grinded superabsorbent in a mould and applying pressure thereby creating a solid band.
  • superabsorbants e.g. Luquasorb or AquaBiber materials
  • the metal halides are preferably NaCl or KC1.
  • Other components such as e.g. a filler or additives can be added as well.
  • the gel- forming band can be placed with this method straight on the base pipe as well.
  • two half moon shaped bands can be prepared separately and
  • Suitable gel-forming material when the selected fluid is or comprises oil, is e.g. an alkylstyrene copolymer, e.g. the material sold under the trademark Imbiber by Imbibitive Technologies America Inc. (IMBTECH AMERICA) .
  • IMBTECH AMERICA Imbibitive Technologies America Inc.
  • Luquasorb can for example be used.
  • the gel-forming material is suitably not free- flowing, before it is contacted with the selected fluid.
  • the gel-forming material can be solid. It can also be highly viscous, or thixotropic. Thixotropic materials do not freely flow, but flow when pressure is applied, i.e. show a behaviour like toothpaste.
  • the gel- forming material does not contain a substantial quantity of a solvent, e.g. less than 20 wt%, or less than 5 wt%, in particular no solvent.
  • a gel-forming material that is forming a gel when being contacted with either one or both of hydrocarbons, e.g. oil, and water. That can for example be achieved by a mixture of Imbiber material with either Luquasorb or Aquabiber material, such as a mixture of a weight ratio between 20/80 and 80/20 can be used to have a gel-forming band that swells when being contacted with water and/or hydrocarbons.
  • the gel-forming material is suitably stable at downhole conditions between 50-150 °C for at least one week, preferably at least one month, more preferably at least one year. Stability means that the material remains intact, in its unswollen and/or swollen state, at
  • downhole temperatures in particular between 50-150 °C and under contact with down hole fluids, like crude, brine, and gases.
  • the longitudinal extension of the annular seal of the band can be suitably chosen, and will typically be in the range of 0.1-100 m, preferably 0.25-25 m.
  • the gel-forming material swells when being contacted with the selected fluid.
  • the maximum swelling ratio measured as the maximum thickness of the band achieved after long swelling in an open space, divided by the unswollen thickness, is in the range of 1,1-50, preferably 2-10, for example 5.
  • the thickness of the band is suitably adapted to the size of the annulus and the maximum swelling ratio.
  • the thickness will typically be in the range of 0,5 mm to 30 mm, preferably 1-20 mm.
  • the thickness is chosen such that a swelling between 10 and 90% of the maximum swelling ratio is needed to achieve an annular seal, not taking any gravel into account. For example, with a tubular of 12,7 cm in an open hole of 20,3 cm, the annulus is 3,8 cm thick.
  • a band with a maximum swelling ratio of 5 and a thickness of 1,5 cm will provide a seal at a swelling ratio of 2,5 in thickness (not taking any gravel into account), i.e. 50% of the maximum swelling ratio.
  • Swelling ratio is suitably chosen such that the annular seal is able to withstand a differential pressure of 1-50 bars per meter of band formed.
  • Activating the swelling can occur quasi automatically by the ingress of a formation fluid containing the selected activating fluid, e.g. water, thus no further equipment is required in this case.
  • a formation fluid containing the selected activating fluid e.g. water
  • conduits and/or reservoirs for the selected fluid which can be operated remotely controlled from surface so as to contact the quantities of gel-forming material and cause their swelling, e.g. triggered by a pressure pulse, a dart or ball from surface.
  • the inside of the tubular can easily be cleaned from any remaining gel by a suitable tool when desired.
  • the gel-forming material swells when it is contacted with a selected fluid that is attracted into the matrix of the material, and thus activates the swelling.
  • Swelling in suitable materials as layered silicates, superabsorbents or Imbiber discussed hereinabove is caused by physico-chemical processes that are reversible, so that bonds on molecular level, such as hydrogen bridges, are reversibly formed.
  • the swelling or swollen gel still has some ability to flow/rearrange, and can sometimes be regarded as a highly viscous fluid. Some flowing/rearranging properties are needed to penetrate through a gravel pack, wherein on a microscopic level the material distributes through the pore space created by the gravel particles.
  • the swelling or swollen gel can be a thixotropic material.
  • a swellable elastomer such as being used for swellable packers, are chemically cross-linked structures, e.g. made from acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) or ethylene
  • EPDM propylene dimonomer
  • crosslinked materials cannot flow and cannot penetrate through the pore space created by the gravel pack.
  • a gel according to the invention may be defined as a material which is able to flow only after overcoming an initial yield stress.
  • the yield stress may exceed about 100 Pa, for instance more than 200 Pa.
  • An upper limit of the yield stress may be about 5 kPa.
  • the solid gel-forming material is for instance able to absorb water to transform into the swellable gel.
  • a lab scale arrangement of tubular was built, with a 12,5 cm (o.d.) inner tube coaxially arranged in a 17,8 cm (i.d.) outer tube.
  • the inner tube was provided with a
  • the thickness of the gel-forming band was initially 5 millimetres. Water was pumped through the annulus . Pressure started to increase over time, after about 72 hours, indicating that the gel-forming system was swelling and penetrating through the gravel sand, so as to form an annular seal. The experiment was stopped when the seal was able to withstand a pressure of 1 MPa differential pressure over the seal.

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à un procédé permettant de réaliser un joint d'étanchéité annulaire autour d'un élément tubulaire (5) dans un puits de forage qui pénètre dans une formation souterraine, le procédé consistant à disposer d'un élément tubulaire dans le puits de forage, un espace annulaire (6) étant formé autour de l'élément tubulaire, l'élément tubulaire ayant au moins une section ouverte qui présente des ouvertures (7) dirigées vers l'espace annulaire. En outre, le procédé consiste à introduire à travers l'élément tubulaire une quantité de matériau gélifiant jusqu'à une région se trouvant près d'une ou de plusieurs ouvertures dans la ou les sections ouvertes qui s'ouvrent dans la section ouverte, le matériau gélifiant pouvant gonfler dans un fluide sélectionné et le joint d'étanchéité annulaire étant formé par mise en contact du matériau gélifiant avec le fluide sélectionné. La présente invention se rapporte également à un système permettant de réaliser un joint d'étanchéité annulaire (34a), ledit système comprenant une bande de matériau gélifiant qui présente une section transversale de manière à pouvoir passer à travers l'élément tubulaire, ainsi qu'à un outil (35) pour transporter la bande (32a) de matériau gélifiant jusqu'à une position sélectionnée près d'une ou de plusieurs ouvertures dans la ou les sections ouvertes.
PCT/EP2011/073329 2010-12-22 2011-12-20 Procédé et système pour réaliser un joint d'étanchéité annulaire WO2012084890A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10196483.1 2010-12-22
EP10196483 2010-12-22

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2365033A (en) * 1942-05-02 1944-12-12 Standard Oil Dev Co Gravel packing of wells
WO2007092082A2 (fr) 2006-02-03 2007-08-16 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Procédé destiné à un puits de forage et dispositif de complétion, de production et d'injection
WO2007094897A2 (fr) * 2006-02-10 2007-08-23 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Controle de la conformite par des materiaux repondant a un stimulus
US20070227733A1 (en) 2006-03-29 2007-10-04 Vercaemer Claude J Method of sealing an annulus surrounding a slotted liner
US20100132944A1 (en) * 2006-12-18 2010-06-03 Leiming Li Differential filters for removing water during oil production

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2365033A (en) * 1942-05-02 1944-12-12 Standard Oil Dev Co Gravel packing of wells
WO2007092082A2 (fr) 2006-02-03 2007-08-16 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Procédé destiné à un puits de forage et dispositif de complétion, de production et d'injection
WO2007094897A2 (fr) * 2006-02-10 2007-08-23 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Controle de la conformite par des materiaux repondant a un stimulus
US20070227733A1 (en) 2006-03-29 2007-10-04 Vercaemer Claude J Method of sealing an annulus surrounding a slotted liner
US20100132944A1 (en) * 2006-12-18 2010-06-03 Leiming Li Differential filters for removing water during oil production

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"Handbook of Plastics, Elastomers & Composites", 2002, MCGRAW-HILL

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