WO2012079827A1 - Drive train for motor vehicles - Google Patents

Drive train for motor vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012079827A1
WO2012079827A1 PCT/EP2011/068949 EP2011068949W WO2012079827A1 WO 2012079827 A1 WO2012079827 A1 WO 2012079827A1 EP 2011068949 W EP2011068949 W EP 2011068949W WO 2012079827 A1 WO2012079827 A1 WO 2012079827A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
drive
shaft
drive unit
differential
pinion shaft
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2011/068949
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Tomas Smetana
Original Assignee
Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG filed Critical Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG
Publication of WO2012079827A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012079827A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/356—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/02—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of clutch
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K23/00—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • B60K23/08—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for for changing number of driven wheels, for switching from driving one axle to driving two or more axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/001—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units one motor mounted on a propulsion axle for rotating right and left wheels of this axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4808—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox output shaft
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a drive train for a motor vehicle having at least one driven axle, which has a differential and at least two vehicle wheels operatively connected to one another via the differential, the drive train further comprising a first drive unit and a second drive unit, wherein the second drive unit has an electric motor whose drive shaft is aligned at least axially parallel to a pinion shaft.
  • a first electric drive unit has an electric motor as a drive, which acts directly on a drive shaft, because its rotor shaft is the drive shaft.
  • the second electric drive unit is a torque-vectoring unit and has an electric motor as the drive and a superposition gearbox, which is operatively connected to a rear-axle differential.
  • Drive of the main drive unit for example, an internal combustion engine, which forms the drive unit with a change gear and which is operatively connected via the change gear with the drive shaft and via this with the rear differential.
  • the drive shaft may be connected to a transfer case, which is also part of the main drive unit and which distributes torque in a drive train between two driven vehicle axles.
  • the drive shaft is a pinion shaft of an angle drive, via which the main drive unit and the first electric drive unit are connected to the input of the rear differential.
  • the ring gear of the angle drive is the input shaft of the transverse differential, via which the torques are distributed to two outputs.
  • Each of the outputs (output shafts) of the differential formed as a planetary gear is in operative connection with a driven vehicle wheel of the rear axle.
  • Each vehicle wheel is in operative connection with the other drive wheel on the rear axle, which can be influenced by the torque vectoring unit.
  • DE 10 2008 029 287B4 shows a drive train with two drivable axles for motor vehicles.
  • the vehicle has a first drive unit with which a first axle is permanently driven.
  • the first drive unit preferably provides an internal combustion engine and a first transverse differential operatively connected thereto which acts on two driven vehicle wheels of the first axle.
  • An electric second drive unit is arranged in the region of a second axis.
  • Drive of the second drive unit is an electric motor, which forms the second drive unit with a planetary gear and with a clutch pack.
  • the axis of rotation of the drive shaft which is the rotor shaft of the electric motor, is arranged parallel, preferably coaxially, to a pinion shaft, designated as an input shaft, of an angle drive.
  • the second axle has two driven vehicle wheels, with a second Transverse differential are operatively connected.
  • the output of the electric drive unit is located on a side facing away from the second transverse differential side.
  • the first axle is driven exclusively by the first drive unit and the second axle exclusively by the second drive unit.
  • the drive shaft of the electric drive unit is formed by a hollow shaft, which is the rotor shaft of the electric motor.
  • the pinion shaft is arranged concentrically in the hollow shaft.
  • the hollow shaft is connected to the clutch pack and is still in operative connection with the planetary gear, which is driven by the clutch pack.
  • the mounted on the planet carrier planetary gears of the planetary gear are meshing with a sun, which is rotatably connected to the drive shaft.
  • Rotary connections between a planetary carrier of the planetary gearbox via the clutch pack to the drive shaft or directly to the drive shaft of the electric motor can optionally be produced via clutches of the clutch pack, so that a switchable two-speed geared connection is formed between the electric motor and the pinion shaft.
  • the pinion shaft is meshing with a ring gear, which is connected to the input of the transverse differential.
  • the input, ie the input shaft, of the differential is the differential cage of the classic bevel gear differential, from which torque is distributed to two outputs (output shafts) via differential gears.
  • Each output is in operative connection with a driven vehicle wheel of the second axis, so that the vehicle wheels are also in operative connection with each other through the naturally compensating effect of the bevel gear differential via the output shafts.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a drive train, which preferably has two driven axles, with two drive units as variable and at the same time energy-saving as possible.
  • the object is solved according to the features of claim 1.
  • the invention provides a drive train for a motor vehicle with at least one driven axle which has a differential and at least two vehicle wheels which are operatively connected to one another via the differential.
  • the axle is either a front axle or a rear axle of the vehicle.
  • the drive train has at least one first drive unit and a second drive unit.
  • the second drive unit has as drive to an electric motor, the drive shaft is aligned at least axially parallel to a pinion shaft and engages the pinion shaft.
  • paraxial includes coaxial or concentric arrangements.
  • the invention encompasses arrangements in which the drive shaft, that is, the rotor shaft of the electric motor of the second drive unit, is arranged parallel to the pinion shaft at a distance and connected in a geared manner to the latter. Geared connections are, for example, belt drives or chain drives or gear drives with gear stages or with planetary drives. Alternatively, the drive shaft and the pinion shaft are coaxial with each other by these merge integrally with each other with a common axis of rotation or fixed or separable connected to each other.
  • the invention also includes arrangements in which one of the shafts, either the rotor shaft of the electric motor or the pinion shaft, is designed as a hollow shaft and the other of these shafts is arranged concentrically in the hollow shaft. Finally, the invention also includes arrangements in which the rotor of the electric motor of the second drive unit is arranged directly concentrically on the pinion shaft, that is, the pinion shaft is simultaneously the rotor shaft.
  • the pinion shaft is part of an angle drive, which is formed by a pinion on the pinion shaft and a ring gear.
  • the ring gear engages an input shaft of the differential.
  • the input shaft of the differential is the sum shaft at which the largest torques are applied and via which the power applied by the drive units power is introduced to the compensation assembly in the differential.
  • the pinion is in mesh with the Ring gear, so that applied by the second drive unit to the pinion shaft power is applied via the angle drive to the input shaft of the differential.
  • Input shafts are preferably planetary carriers for planetary differentials, and ring gears for differentials with torque vectoring units.
  • the pinion shaft is also operatively connected to the first drive unit.
  • the operative connection is made, for example, via a drive-shaft or via another shaft.
  • the invention comprises arrangements in which the shaft, that is to say the connection to the first drive unit, is arranged parallel to the pinion shaft at a distance and is geared to it as described above using the example of the pinion shaft and rotor shaft connection.
  • the shaft and the pinion shaft are coaxial with each other, by integrally merging with each other with a common axis of rotation or fixed or separable connected to each other.
  • the invention also includes arrangements in which one of the shafts is designed as a hollow shaft and the other of these shafts is arranged concentrically in the hollow shaft.
  • the invention further provides that in the operative connection between an output shaft of the differential and one of the vehicle wheels an engageable and disengageable clutch is arranged.
  • an engageable and disengageable clutch is arranged in the operative connection between an output shaft of the differential and one of the vehicle wheels.
  • the advantage of the invention is that although the disengaged clutch, the driven rear axle is disconnected from the power flow, but the drive power of the second drive unit can be used to superimpose, for example, the drive power of the first drive unit, because the pinion shaft both with the drive of the first drive unit also with the drive the second drive unit is operatively connected.
  • This makes it possible, for example, to supply the drive power of the second drive unit in addition to the drive power of the first drive unit to a second axle with driven wheels.
  • this switching state of the clutch it is possible to switch off the drive of the first drive unit and to introduce power into the drive train only with the drive of the second drive unit in order, for example, to drive the second axle.
  • Another advantage of the invention is due to the arrangement of the coupling between the vehicle wheel and the differential, which consists in that at this point a rotationally fixed connection is disconnected at the only moments of one of the drive wheels and not the relatively high driving torques at the input of the differential or abut against the pinion shaft and thus the coupling can be dimensioned according to space saving.
  • An embodiment of the invention provides that on the driven axle on both sides of the differential, the respective operative connection between the output shaft and the vehicle by each clutch is separable. By simultaneously disengaging both clutches on the axle symmetrical conditions are created by complete separation of the two driven vehicle wheels in the drive train behind the differential.
  • the clutches) are either integrated in the housing of the differential or are integrated into the respective compound of the differential and the vehicle wheels via cardan shafts. Alternatively, the respective coupling sits between the wheel and a drive shaft.
  • a separating clutch is arranged, with which the operative connection between first The Antnebsritt and the pinion shaft and thus between the first drive unit and the first axis can be selectively separated or restored.
  • the first axle can only be driven by means of the second drive unit or not at all. In the latter case, the drive of the second drive unit can be completely switched off or connected as a generator in coasting mode.
  • An embodiment of the invention provides that the operative connection between the drive of the second drive unit and the pinion shaft can be repeatedly separated and restored with a disconnect clutch. In the event that the drive power of the second drive in the drive train is not needed this can be completely separated from the drive train. In this case, the drive shaft of the second drive, such as the rotor shaft of an electric motor, energy-saving not entrained.
  • a further embodiment of the invention provides that the second drive unit has at least one gear in the operative connection between the drive shaft of the electric motor and the pinion shaft, so that e.g. high speeds of the rotor shaft stocky and higher torques can be applied to the pinion shaft.
  • the second drive unit also preferably has a clutch, with the gears of the preferably at least two-speed transmission can be switched.
  • Figure 1 shows schematically and not to scale a powertrain 1 for a motor vehicle otherwise not shown two driven axles 2 and 3.
  • the axle 2 has a classic designed as bevel gear differential 4 and two on the differential in operative connection with each other standing vehicle wheels 5 and 6th on.
  • the drive train 1 is further provided with a first drive unit 7 and with a second drive unit 8.
  • the second drive unit 8 has an electric motor 9, the drive shaft 9a is designed as a hollow shaft and is arranged concentrically and thus axially parallel to a pinion shaft 10. Between the drive shaft 9a and pinion shaft 10, an operative connection is formed by means of an engageable and disengageable clutch 1 1 and a two-speed shiftable transmission 12, via which the drive shaft 9a engages the pinion shaft 10.
  • the drive shaft 9a can be connected by means of the clutch 1 1 either with the ring gear 12a or the sun gear 12b, which are in meshing engagement with planetary gears 12c.
  • Output of the drive unit 8 is the planet carrier 12d, which is rotatably connected to the pinion shaft.
  • the connection between the pinion shaft 10 and the drive shaft 9a can also be completely separated by means of the clutch 11.
  • the pinion shaft 10 has a pinion head 10a, which is in meshing engagement with a ring gear 13 of an angle drive.
  • the ring gear 13 is connected to the input shaft of the differential 4 in the form of a differential cage 4a, in which differential gears 4b are rotatably mounted, which are in meshing engagement with output wheels 4c of the differential.
  • the output gears 4c are seated on output shafts 14. Between each of the output shafts 14 and one of the vehicle wheels 5 and 6, a clutch 15 can be engaged and disengaged.
  • the axle 3 is also a driven axle with vehicle wheels 3a and 3b, which is operatively connected to a drive 16 of the first drive unit 7, which is for example an internal combustion engine.
  • the drive unit 7 has, in addition to the drive 16, a change gear 17 and a transfer case 18, via which an operative connection to a connecting shaft 19, which may be a cardan shaft, is made.
  • a connecting shaft 19 which may be a cardan shaft, is made.
  • the first drive unit 7 is rotatably connected to the pinion shaft 10, wherein it is not excluded that the first drive unit 7 and the pinion shaft 10 are separable from each other by a clutch.
  • the axle 2 By disengaging only one of the clutches 15, the axle 2 can be separated from a power flow of the drivetrain 1. In that case it is optionally possible to drive the axle 3 by operating the electric motor with the clutch engaged 1 1 and in two different gear ratios of the transmission either only with the drive unit 8, or to superimpose the guided by the drive 16 to the axis 3 torques with those of the drive unit 8.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Motor Power Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Driving Of Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Retarders (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a drive train (1) for a motor vehicle, comprising at least one driven axle (2), which contains a differential and at least two vehicle wheels (5, 6) operatively connected to each other via the differential, the drive train (1) further comprising a first drive unit (7) and a second drive unit (8), wherein the second drive unit (8) comprises an electric motor (9), the drive shaft (9a) of which is oriented at least axially parallel to a pinion shaft (10).

Description

Bezeichnung der Erfindung  Name of the invention
Antriebsstrang für Kraftfahrzeuge Beschreibung Powertrain for motor vehicles Description
Gebiet der Erfindung Field of the invention
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Antriebsstrang für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit zumindest einer angetriebenen Achse, welche ein Differenzial und wenigstens zwei über das Differenzial miteinander in Wirkverbindung stehende Fahrzeugräder aufweist, der Antriebsstrang weiterhin mit einer ersten Antriebseinheit und mit einer zweiten Antriebseinheit, wobei die zweite Antriebseinheit einen Elektromotor aufweist, dessen Antriebswelle zumindest achsparallel zu einer Ritzelwelle ausgerichtet ist. The invention relates to a drive train for a motor vehicle having at least one driven axle, which has a differential and at least two vehicle wheels operatively connected to one another via the differential, the drive train further comprising a first drive unit and a second drive unit, wherein the second drive unit has an electric motor whose drive shaft is aligned at least axially parallel to a pinion shaft.
Hintergrund der Erfindung Background of the invention
DE 10 2004 024 086 A1 zeigt eine derartige Antriebsvorrichtung für Kraftfahr- zeuge mit einer Hauptantriebseinheit und mit zwei elektrischen Antriebseinheiten. Eine erste elektrische Antriebseinheit weist einen Elektromotor als Antrieb auf, der direkt an einer Antriebswelle angreift, weil dessen Rotorwelle die Antriebswelle ist. Die zweite elektrische Antriebseinheit ist eine Torque - Vecto- ring - Einheit und weist einen Elektromotor als Antrieb sowie ein Überlage- rungsgetriebe auf, welches mit einem Hinterachsdifferenzial wirkverbunden ist. DE 10 2004 024 086 A1 shows such a drive device for motor vehicles with a main drive unit and with two electric drive units. A first electric drive unit has an electric motor as a drive, which acts directly on a drive shaft, because its rotor shaft is the drive shaft. The second electric drive unit is a torque-vectoring unit and has an electric motor as the drive and a superposition gearbox, which is operatively connected to a rear-axle differential.
Antrieb der Hauptantriebseinheit ist beispielsweise ein Verbrennungsmotor, der mit einem Wechselgetriebe die Antriebseinheit bildet und der über das Wechselgetriebe mit der Antriebswelle und über diese mit dem Hinterachsdifferenzial wirkverbunden ist. Alternativ kann die Antriebswelle mit einem Verteilergetriebe verbunden sein, das auch Bestandteil der Hauptantriebseinheit ist und welches in einem Antriebsstrang Drehmomente zwischen zwei angetriebenen Fahrzeugachsen verteilt. Die Antriebswelle ist eine Ritzelwelle eines Winkeltriebs, über den die Hauptantriebseinheit und die erste elektrische Antriebseinheit mit dem Eingang des Hinterachsdifferenzials verbunden sind. Das Tellerrad des Winkeltriebs ist Ein- gangswelle des Querdifferenzials, über das die Drehmomente auf zwei Ausgänge verteilt werden. Jeder der Ausgänge (Abtriebswellen) des als Planetengetriebe ausgebildeten Differenzials steht in einer Wirkverbindung mit einem angetriebenen Fahrzeugrad der Hinterachse. Jedes Fahrzeugrad steht mit dem anderen Antriebsrad an der Hinterachse in einer Wirkverbindung, welche durch die Torque - Vectoring - Einheit beeinflussbar ist. Drive of the main drive unit, for example, an internal combustion engine, which forms the drive unit with a change gear and which is operatively connected via the change gear with the drive shaft and via this with the rear differential. Alternatively, the drive shaft may be connected to a transfer case, which is also part of the main drive unit and which distributes torque in a drive train between two driven vehicle axles. The drive shaft is a pinion shaft of an angle drive, via which the main drive unit and the first electric drive unit are connected to the input of the rear differential. The ring gear of the angle drive is the input shaft of the transverse differential, via which the torques are distributed to two outputs. Each of the outputs (output shafts) of the differential formed as a planetary gear is in operative connection with a driven vehicle wheel of the rear axle. Each vehicle wheel is in operative connection with the other drive wheel on the rear axle, which can be influenced by the torque vectoring unit.
Auf die Antriebswelle kann über den Elektromotor der ersten elektrischen Antriebseinheit zusätzlich zur Hauptantriebseinheit Leistung aufgebracht und über den Winkeltrieb in das Differenzial eingebracht werden. In anderen Fällen, in denen die Antriebsleistung des Elektromotors nicht benötigt wird, kann dieser zur Rückgewinnung von Energie genutzt werden, wenn die Antriebswelle durch den Antrieb oder durch Schubbetrieb mitgeschleppt, der Rotor dadurch angetrieben und der Elektromotor als Generator geschaltet ist. DE 10 2008 029 287B4 zeigt einen Antriebsstrang mit zwei antreibbaren Achsen für Kraftfahrzeuge. Das Fahrzeug weist eine erste Antriebseinheit auf, mit der eine erste Achse permanent angetrieben wird. Die erste Antriebseinheit sieht als Antrieb dabei vorzugsweise einen Verbrennungsmotor und ein mit diesem wirkverbundenes erstes Querdifferenzial vor, das auf zwei angetriebe- ne Fahrzeugräder der ersten Achse wirkt. On the drive shaft can be applied via the electric motor of the first electric drive unit in addition to the main drive unit power and introduced via the angle drive in the differential. In other cases, where the drive power of the electric motor is not needed, it can be used to recover energy when the drive shaft entrained by the drive or by coasting, the rotor is driven by it and the electric motor is connected as a generator. DE 10 2008 029 287B4 shows a drive train with two drivable axles for motor vehicles. The vehicle has a first drive unit with which a first axle is permanently driven. The first drive unit preferably provides an internal combustion engine and a first transverse differential operatively connected thereto which acts on two driven vehicle wheels of the first axle.
Eine elektrische zweite Antriebseinheit ist im Bereich einer zweiten Achse angeordnet. Antrieb der zweiten Antriebseinheit ist ein Elektromotor, der mit einem Planetengetriebe und mit einem Schaltkupplungspaket die zweite An- triebseinheit bildet. Die Rotationsachse der Antriebswelle, welche die Rotorwelle des Elektromotors ist, ist parallel, vorzugsweise koaxial, zu einer als Eingangswelle bezeichneten Ritzelwelle eines Winkeltriebs angeordnet. Die zweite Achse weist zwei angetriebene Fahrzeugräder auf, die mit einem zweiten Querdifferenzial wirkverbunden sind. Der Ausgang der elektrische Antriebseinheit liegt an einer von dem zweiten Querdifferenzial abgewandten Seite. Die erste Achse wird ausschließlich über die erste Antriebseinheit angetrieben und die zweite Achse ausschließlich über die zweite Antriebseinheit. An electric second drive unit is arranged in the region of a second axis. Drive of the second drive unit is an electric motor, which forms the second drive unit with a planetary gear and with a clutch pack. The axis of rotation of the drive shaft, which is the rotor shaft of the electric motor, is arranged parallel, preferably coaxially, to a pinion shaft, designated as an input shaft, of an angle drive. The second axle has two driven vehicle wheels, with a second Transverse differential are operatively connected. The output of the electric drive unit is located on a side facing away from the second transverse differential side. The first axle is driven exclusively by the first drive unit and the second axle exclusively by the second drive unit.
Die Antriebswelle der elektrischen Antriebseinheit ist durch eine Hohlwelle gebildet, die Rotorwelle des Elektromotors ist. Die Ritzelwelle ist in der Hohlwelle konzentrisch angeordnet. Die Hohlwelle ist mit dem Kupplungspaket verbunden und steht weiterhin in Wirkverbindung mit dem Planetengetriebe, das durch das Kupplungspaket angesteuert ist. Die an dem Planetenträger gelagerten Planetenräder des Planetengetriebes stehen im Zahneingriff mit einer Sonne, die drehfest mit der Antriebswelle verbunden ist. Über Kupplungen des Kupplungspaketes lassen sich wahlweise drehfeste Verbindungen zwischen einem Planetenträger des Planetengetriebes über das Kupplungspaket hin zur An- triebswelle oder direkt zu der Antriebswelle des Elektromotors hin herstellen, so dass eine schaltbare zweigängige getriebliche Verbindung zwischen dem Elektromotor und der Ritzelwelle ausgebildet ist. The drive shaft of the electric drive unit is formed by a hollow shaft, which is the rotor shaft of the electric motor. The pinion shaft is arranged concentrically in the hollow shaft. The hollow shaft is connected to the clutch pack and is still in operative connection with the planetary gear, which is driven by the clutch pack. The mounted on the planet carrier planetary gears of the planetary gear are meshing with a sun, which is rotatably connected to the drive shaft. Rotary connections between a planetary carrier of the planetary gearbox via the clutch pack to the drive shaft or directly to the drive shaft of the electric motor can optionally be produced via clutches of the clutch pack, so that a switchable two-speed geared connection is formed between the electric motor and the pinion shaft.
Die Ritzelwelle steht im Zahneingriff mit einem Tellerrad, das mit dem Eingang des Querdifferenzials verbunden ist. Der Eingang, also die Eingangswelle, des Differenzials ist der Differenzialkorb des klassisches Kegelraddifferenzials, von dem aus über Ausgleichsräder Drehmomente auf zwei Ausgänge (Abtriebswellen) verteilt werden. Jeder Ausgang steht in Wirkverbindung mit einem angetriebenen Fahrzeugrad der zweiten Achse, so dass auch die Fahrzeugräder durch die natürlich ausgleichende Wirkung des Kegelraddifferenzials über die Abtriebswellen miteinander in Wirkverbindung stehen. The pinion shaft is meshing with a ring gear, which is connected to the input of the transverse differential. The input, ie the input shaft, of the differential is the differential cage of the classic bevel gear differential, from which torque is distributed to two outputs (output shafts) via differential gears. Each output is in operative connection with a driven vehicle wheel of the second axis, so that the vehicle wheels are also in operative connection with each other through the naturally compensating effect of the bevel gear differential via the output shafts.
Beschreibung der Erfindung Die Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Antriebsstrang, der vorzugsweise zwei angetriebenen Achsen aufweist, mit zwei Antriebseinheiten so variabel und zugleich energiesparend wie möglich zu schaffen. Die Aufgabe ist nach den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The object of the invention is to provide a drive train, which preferably has two driven axles, with two drive units as variable and at the same time energy-saving as possible. The object is solved according to the features of claim 1.
Die Erfindung sieht einen Antriebsstrang für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit zumindest einer angetriebenen Achse vor, welche ein Differenzial und wenigstens zwei über das Differenzial miteinander in Wirkverbindung stehende Fahrzeugräder aufweist. Die Achse ist entweder eine Vorderachse oder eine Hinterachse des Fahrzeugs. Der Antriebsstrang weist mindestens eine erste Antriebseinheit und eine zweite Antriebseinheit auf. Die zweite Antriebseinheit weist als Antrieb einen Elektromotor auf, dessen Antriebswelle zumindest achsparallel zu einer Ritzelwelle ausgerichtet ist und an der Ritzelwelle angreift. Der Begriff achsparallel schließt koaxiale oder konzentrische Anordnungen mit ein. The invention provides a drive train for a motor vehicle with at least one driven axle which has a differential and at least two vehicle wheels which are operatively connected to one another via the differential. The axle is either a front axle or a rear axle of the vehicle. The drive train has at least one first drive unit and a second drive unit. The second drive unit has as drive to an electric motor, the drive shaft is aligned at least axially parallel to a pinion shaft and engages the pinion shaft. The term paraxial includes coaxial or concentric arrangements.
Die Erfindung umfasst Anordnungen, in denen die Antriebswelle, also die Rotorwelle des Elektromotors der zweiten Antriebseinheit, parallel mit Abstand zu der Ritzelwelle angeordnet und mit dieser getrieblich verbunden ist. Getriebli- che Verbindungen sind zum Beispiel Riemen- oder Kettentriebe bzw. Zahnradgetriebe mit Zahnradstufen oder mit Planetentrieben. Alternativ liegen sich die Antriebswelle und die Ritzelwelle koaxial gegenüber, indem diese mit gemeinsamer Rotationsachse einteilig ineinander übergehen bzw. fest oder trennbar miteinander verbunden sind. Die Erfindung umfasst auch Anordnungen, in denen eine der Wellen, entweder die Rotorwelle des Elektromotors oder die Ritzelwelle, als Hohlwelle ausgebildet ist und die andere dieser Wellen konzentrisch in der Hohlwelle angeordnet ist. Schließlich umfasst die Erfindung auch Anordnungen, in denen der Rotor des Elektromotors der zweiten Antriebsein- heit unmittelbar konzentrisch auf der Ritzelwelle angeordnet, die Ritzelwelle also gleichzeitig Rotorwelle ist. The invention encompasses arrangements in which the drive shaft, that is, the rotor shaft of the electric motor of the second drive unit, is arranged parallel to the pinion shaft at a distance and connected in a geared manner to the latter. Geared connections are, for example, belt drives or chain drives or gear drives with gear stages or with planetary drives. Alternatively, the drive shaft and the pinion shaft are coaxial with each other by these merge integrally with each other with a common axis of rotation or fixed or separable connected to each other. The invention also includes arrangements in which one of the shafts, either the rotor shaft of the electric motor or the pinion shaft, is designed as a hollow shaft and the other of these shafts is arranged concentrically in the hollow shaft. Finally, the invention also includes arrangements in which the rotor of the electric motor of the second drive unit is arranged directly concentrically on the pinion shaft, that is, the pinion shaft is simultaneously the rotor shaft.
Die Ritzelwelle ist Bestandteil eines Winkeltriebs, der aus einem Ritzel an der Ritzelwelle und aus einem Tellerrad gebildet ist. Das Tellerrad greift an einer Eingangswelle des Differenzials an. Die Eingangswelle des Differenzials ist die Summenwelle, an der die größten Drehmomente anliegen und über welche die von den Antriebseinheiten aufgebrachte Leistung auf die Ausgleichanordnung in das Differenzial eingebracht wird. Das Ritzel steht im Zahneingriff mit dem Tellerrad, so dass von der zweiten Antriebseinheit auf die Ritzelwelle aufgebrachte Leistung über den Winkeltrieb auf die Eingangswelle des Differenzials aufgebracht wird. Eingangswellen sind bei Planetendifferenzialen vorzugsweise Planetenträger, bei Differenzialen mit Torque - Vectoring - Einheiten auch Hohlräder. The pinion shaft is part of an angle drive, which is formed by a pinion on the pinion shaft and a ring gear. The ring gear engages an input shaft of the differential. The input shaft of the differential is the sum shaft at which the largest torques are applied and via which the power applied by the drive units power is introduced to the compensation assembly in the differential. The pinion is in mesh with the Ring gear, so that applied by the second drive unit to the pinion shaft power is applied via the angle drive to the input shaft of the differential. Input shafts are preferably planetary carriers for planetary differentials, and ring gears for differentials with torque vectoring units.
Erfindungsgemäß ist die Ritzelwelle auch mit der ersten Antriebseinheit wirkverbunden. Die Wirkverbindung ist beispielsweise über eine Antriebsgelenkwelle oder über eine andere Welle hergestellt. Die Erfindung umfasst Anord- nungen, in denen die Welle, also die Verbindung mit der ersten Antriebseinheit, parallel mit Abstand zu der Ritzelwelle angeordnet und mit dieser wie schon oben am Beispiel der Verbindung von Ritzelwelle und Rotorwelle beschrieben getrieblich verbunden ist. Alternativ liegen sich die Welle und die Ritzelwelle koaxial gegenüber, indem diese mit gemeinsamer Rotationsachse einteilig ineinander übergehen bzw. fest oder trennbar miteinander verbunden sind. Die Erfindung umfasst auch Anordnungen, in denen eine der Wellen als Hohlwelle ausgebildet ist und die andere dieser Wellen konzentrisch in der Hohlwelle angeordnet ist. Die Erfindung sieht weiter vor, dass in der Wirkverbindung zwischen einer Abtriebswelle des Differenzials und einem der Fahrzeugräder eine ein- und ausrückbare Kupplung angeordnet ist. Bei ausgerückter Kupplung ist die drehfeste Wirkverbindung zwischen der Abtriebswelle und dem Fahrzeugrad unterbrochen. Damit ist auch die ausgleichende Wirkverbindung zwischen den Fahr- zeugrädern aufgehoben, weil durch die Differenzialwirkung auch die andere der Abtriebswellen keine Drehmomente mehr übertragen kann. Die Fahrzeugräder der Achse sind somit vom Leistungsfluss der Antriebsstrangs getrennt. According to the invention, the pinion shaft is also operatively connected to the first drive unit. The operative connection is made, for example, via a drive-shaft or via another shaft. The invention comprises arrangements in which the shaft, that is to say the connection to the first drive unit, is arranged parallel to the pinion shaft at a distance and is geared to it as described above using the example of the pinion shaft and rotor shaft connection. Alternatively, the shaft and the pinion shaft are coaxial with each other, by integrally merging with each other with a common axis of rotation or fixed or separable connected to each other. The invention also includes arrangements in which one of the shafts is designed as a hollow shaft and the other of these shafts is arranged concentrically in the hollow shaft. The invention further provides that in the operative connection between an output shaft of the differential and one of the vehicle wheels an engageable and disengageable clutch is arranged. When disengaged clutch the non-rotatable operative connection between the output shaft and the vehicle is broken. As a result, the compensating operative connection between the vehicle wheels is also canceled, since the other effect of the output shafts can no longer be transmitted by the differential action. The vehicle wheels of the axle are thus separated from the power flow of the drive train.
Der Vorteil der Erfindung liegt darin, dass zwar bei ausgerückter Kupplung die angetriebene Hinterachse vom Leistungsfluss getrennt ist, jedoch die Antriebsleistung der zweiten Antriebseinheit genutzt werden kann um beispielsweise die Antriebsleistung der ersten Antriebseinheit zu überlagern, weil die Ritzelwelle sowohl mit dem Antrieb der ersten Antriebseinheit als auch mit dem An- trieb der zweiten Antriebseinheit wirkverbunden ist. Damit ist es beispielsweise möglich, die Antriebsleistung der zweiten Antriebseinheit zusätzlich zur Antriebsleistung der ersten Antriebseinheit einer zweiten Achse mit angetriebenen Rädern zuzuführen. Alternativ ist es in diesem Schaltzustand der Kupplung möglich, den Antrieb der ersten Antriebseinheit abzuschalten und nur mit dem Antrieb der zweiten Antriebseinheit Leistung in den Antriebsstrang einzubringen, um beispielsweise die zweite Achse anzutreiben. The advantage of the invention is that although the disengaged clutch, the driven rear axle is disconnected from the power flow, but the drive power of the second drive unit can be used to superimpose, for example, the drive power of the first drive unit, because the pinion shaft both with the drive of the first drive unit also with the drive the second drive unit is operatively connected. This makes it possible, for example, to supply the drive power of the second drive unit in addition to the drive power of the first drive unit to a second axle with driven wheels. Alternatively, in this switching state of the clutch, it is possible to switch off the drive of the first drive unit and to introduce power into the drive train only with the drive of the second drive unit in order, for example, to drive the second axle.
Ein weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung ist mit der Anordnung der Kupplung zwischen dem Fahrzeugrad und dem Differenzial begründet, der darin besteht, dass an dieser Stelle eine drehfeste Verbindung getrennt wird, an der nur Momente eines der Antriebsräder und nicht die vergleichsweise hohen Antriebsmomente am Eingang des Differenzials oder an der Ritzelwelle anliegen und somit die Kupplung entsprechend Bauraum sparend dimensioniert werden kann. Another advantage of the invention is due to the arrangement of the coupling between the vehicle wheel and the differential, which consists in that at this point a rotationally fixed connection is disconnected at the only moments of one of the drive wheels and not the relatively high driving torques at the input of the differential or abut against the pinion shaft and thus the coupling can be dimensioned according to space saving.
Eine Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass an der angetriebenen Achse beidseitig des Differenzials die jeweilige Wirkverbindung zwischen der Abtriebswelle und dem Fahrzeugrad durch jeweils eine Kupplung trennbar ist. Durch gleichzeitiges Ausrücken beider Kupplungen an der Achse sind durch vollständige Trennung beider angetriebenen Fahrzeugräder im Antriebsstrang hinter dem Differenzial symmetrische Verhältnisse geschaffen. Die Kupplungen) sind entweder in Gehäuse des Differenzials integriert oder sind in die jeweilige Verbindung des Differenzials und den Fahrzeugrädern über Gelenkwellen integriert. Alternativ sitzt die jeweilige Kupplung zwischen Rad und einer Antriebswelle. An embodiment of the invention provides that on the driven axle on both sides of the differential, the respective operative connection between the output shaft and the vehicle by each clutch is separable. By simultaneously disengaging both clutches on the axle symmetrical conditions are created by complete separation of the two driven vehicle wheels in the drive train behind the differential. The clutches) are either integrated in the housing of the differential or are integrated into the respective compound of the differential and the vehicle wheels via cardan shafts. Alternatively, the respective coupling sits between the wheel and a drive shaft.
Durch Einrücken der Kupplung(en) wird die Wirkverbindung zwischen den beiden Rädern und damit die Wirkung des Differenzials an der angetriebenen ersten Achse wieder hergestellt und die Antriebsleistung des zweiten Antriebs kann wieder der ersten Achse zugeführt werden. By engaging the clutch (s), the operative connection between the two wheels and thus the action of the differential on the driven first axis is restored and the drive power of the second drive can be returned to the first axis.
Es ist denkbar, dass zwischen der ersten Antriebseinheit und der Ritzelwelle eine Trennkupplung angeordnet ist, mit der die Wirkverbindung zwischen ers- ter Antnebseinheit und der Ritzelwelle und somit zwischen der ersten Antriebseinheit und der ersten Achse wahlweise getrennt oder wieder hergestellt werden kann. Wenn diese Wirkverbindung getrennt ist, kann die erste Achse nur mittels der zweiten Antriebseinheit oder gar nicht angetrieben werden. In zu- letzt genanntem Fall kann der Antrieb der zweite Antriebseinheit ganz abgeschaltet oder im Schubbetrieb als Generator geschaltet sein. It is conceivable that between the first drive unit and the pinion shaft, a separating clutch is arranged, with which the operative connection between first The Antnebseinheit and the pinion shaft and thus between the first drive unit and the first axis can be selectively separated or restored. When this operative connection is disconnected, the first axle can only be driven by means of the second drive unit or not at all. In the latter case, the drive of the second drive unit can be completely switched off or connected as a generator in coasting mode.
Eine Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die Wirkverbindung zwischen dem Antrieb der zweiten Antriebseinheit und der Ritzelwelle mit einer Trennkupplung wiederholt getrennt und wieder hergestellt werden kann. Für den Fall, dass die Antriebsleistung des zweiten Antriebs in dem Antriebsstrang nicht benötigt wird kann dieser vollständig vom Antriebsstrang getrennt werden. In diesem Fall wird die Antriebswelle des zweiten Antriebs, beispielsweise die Rotorwelle eines Elektromotors, energiesparend nicht mitgeschleppt. An embodiment of the invention provides that the operative connection between the drive of the second drive unit and the pinion shaft can be repeatedly separated and restored with a disconnect clutch. In the event that the drive power of the second drive in the drive train is not needed this can be completely separated from the drive train. In this case, the drive shaft of the second drive, such as the rotor shaft of an electric motor, energy-saving not entrained.
Eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die zweite Antriebseinheit wenigstens ein Getriebe in der Wirkverbindung zwischen der Antriebswelle des Elektromotors und der Ritzelwelle aufweist, so dass z.B. hohe Drehzahlen der Rotorwelle untersetzt und höhere Drehmomente auf die Ritzelwelle aufgebracht werden können. Die zweite Antriebseinheit weist außerdem vorzugsweise eine Schaltkupplung auf, mit der Gänge des bevorzugt mindestens zweigängigen Getriebes schaltbar sind. A further embodiment of the invention provides that the second drive unit has at least one gear in the operative connection between the drive shaft of the electric motor and the pinion shaft, so that e.g. high speeds of the rotor shaft stocky and higher torques can be applied to the pinion shaft. The second drive unit also preferably has a clutch, with the gears of the preferably at least two-speed transmission can be switched.
Beschreibung der Zeichnung Description of the drawing
Figur 1 zeigt schematisch und nicht maßstäbliche einen Antriebsstrang 1 für ein ansonsten nicht weiter dargestelltes Kraftfahrzeug zwei angetriebenen Achsen 2 und 3. Die Achse 2 weist ein klassisches als Kegelraddifferenzial ausgeführtes Differenzial 4 und zwei über das Differenzial miteinander in Wirk- Verbindung stehende Fahrzeugräder 5 und 6 auf. Der Antriebsstrang 1 ist weiterhin mit einer ersten Antriebseinheit 7 und mit einer zweiten Antriebseinheit 8 versehen. Die zweite Antriebseinheit 8 weist einen Elektromotor 9 auf, dessen Antriebswelle 9a als Hohlwelle ausgeführt ist und in der konzentrisch und damit achsparallel zu einer Ritzelwelle 10 angeordnet ist. Zwischen Antriebswelle 9a und Ritzelwelle 10 ist mittels einer ein- und ausrückbaren Kupplung 1 1 und eines zweigängigen schaltbaren Getriebes 12 eine Wirkverbindung ausgebildet, über die die Antriebswelle 9a an der Ritzelwelle 10 angreift. Die Antriebswelle 9a kann dazu mittels der Kupplung 1 1 wahlweise mit dem Hohlrad 12a oder dem Sonnenrad 12b verbunden werden, welche jeweils mit Planetenrädern 12c im Zahneingriff stehen. Ausgang der Antriebseinheit 8 ist der Planetenträger 12d, der drehfest mit der Ritzelwelle verbunden ist. Die Verbindung zwischen der Ritzelwelle 10 und der Antriebswelle 9a kann mittels der Kupplung 1 1 auch vollständig getrennt werden. Figure 1 shows schematically and not to scale a powertrain 1 for a motor vehicle otherwise not shown two driven axles 2 and 3. The axle 2 has a classic designed as bevel gear differential 4 and two on the differential in operative connection with each other standing vehicle wheels 5 and 6th on. The drive train 1 is further provided with a first drive unit 7 and with a second drive unit 8. The second drive unit 8 has an electric motor 9, the drive shaft 9a is designed as a hollow shaft and is arranged concentrically and thus axially parallel to a pinion shaft 10. Between the drive shaft 9a and pinion shaft 10, an operative connection is formed by means of an engageable and disengageable clutch 1 1 and a two-speed shiftable transmission 12, via which the drive shaft 9a engages the pinion shaft 10. The drive shaft 9a can be connected by means of the clutch 1 1 either with the ring gear 12a or the sun gear 12b, which are in meshing engagement with planetary gears 12c. Output of the drive unit 8 is the planet carrier 12d, which is rotatably connected to the pinion shaft. The connection between the pinion shaft 10 and the drive shaft 9a can also be completely separated by means of the clutch 11.
Die Ritzelwelle 10 weist einen Ritzelkopf 10a auf, welcher im Zahneingriff mit einem Tellerrad 13 eines Winkeltriebs steht. Das Tellerrad 13 ist mit der Eingangswelle des Differenzials 4 in Form eines Differenzialkorbs 4a verbunden, in dem Ausgleichsräder 4b drehbar gelagert sind, die mit Abtriebsrädern 4c des Differenzials im Zahneingriff stehen. Die Abtriebsräder 4c sitzen an Abtriebswellen 14. Zwischen jeder der Abtriebswellen 14 und einem der Fahrzeugräder 5 und 6 ist jeweils eine ein- und ausrückbare Kupplung 15 angeordnet. The pinion shaft 10 has a pinion head 10a, which is in meshing engagement with a ring gear 13 of an angle drive. The ring gear 13 is connected to the input shaft of the differential 4 in the form of a differential cage 4a, in which differential gears 4b are rotatably mounted, which are in meshing engagement with output wheels 4c of the differential. The output gears 4c are seated on output shafts 14. Between each of the output shafts 14 and one of the vehicle wheels 5 and 6, a clutch 15 can be engaged and disengaged.
Die Achse 3 ist ebenfalls eine angetriebene Achse mit Fahrzeugrädern 3a und 3b, die mit einem Antrieb 16 der ersten Antriebseinheit 7 wirkverbunden ist, der zum Beispiel ein Verbrennungsmotor ist. Die Antriebseinheit 7 weist außer dem Antrieb 16 noch ein Wechselgetriebe 17 und ein Verteilergetriebe 18 auf, über die eine Wirkverbindung zu einer Verbindungswelle 19, die eine Kardanwelle sein kann, hergestellt ist. Über die Verbindungswelle 19 ist die erste Antriebseinheit 7 mit der Ritzelwelle 10 drehfest verbunden, wobei nicht ausgeschlossen ist, dass die erste Antriebseinheit 7 und die Ritzelwelle 10 durch eine Kupplung voneinander trennbar sind. The axle 3 is also a driven axle with vehicle wheels 3a and 3b, which is operatively connected to a drive 16 of the first drive unit 7, which is for example an internal combustion engine. The drive unit 7 has, in addition to the drive 16, a change gear 17 and a transfer case 18, via which an operative connection to a connecting shaft 19, which may be a cardan shaft, is made. About the connecting shaft 19, the first drive unit 7 is rotatably connected to the pinion shaft 10, wherein it is not excluded that the first drive unit 7 and the pinion shaft 10 are separable from each other by a clutch.
Durch Ausrücken nur einer der Kupplungen 15 kann die Achse 2 von einem Leistungsfluss des Antriebsstrangs 1 getrennt werden. In dem Falle ist es wahlweise möglich die Achse 3 durch Betreiben des Elektromotors bei eingerückter Kupplung 1 1 und in zwei unterschiedlichen Gangstufen des Getriebes entweder nur mit der Antriebseinheit 8 anzutreiben, oder die von dem Antrieb 16 an die Achse 3 geführten Drehmomente mit denen der Antriebseinheit 8 zu überlagern. By disengaging only one of the clutches 15, the axle 2 can be separated from a power flow of the drivetrain 1. In that case it is optionally possible to drive the axle 3 by operating the electric motor with the clutch engaged 1 1 and in two different gear ratios of the transmission either only with the drive unit 8, or to superimpose the guided by the drive 16 to the axis 3 torques with those of the drive unit 8.
Bezugszeichen reference numeral
Antriebsstrang 12d Planetenträger angetriebene Achse 13 Tellerrad angetriebene Achse 14 Abtriebswellea Fahrzeugrad 15 Kupplungb Fahrzeugrad 16 Antrieb Drive train 12d planet carrier driven axle 13 ring gear driven axle 14 output shaft vehicle wheel 15 clutch vehicle wheel 16 drive
Differenzial 17 Wechselgetriebea Differenzialkorb 18 Verteilergetriebeb Ausgleichsrad 19 Verbindungswellec Abtriebsrad  Differential 17 Change gearbox Differential cage 18 Transfer case Balance gear 19 Connecting shaft Output gear
Fahrzeugrad  vehicle
Fahrzeugrad  vehicle
erste Antriebseinheit  first drive unit
zweite Antriebseinheit  second drive unit
Elektromotor electric motor
a Antriebswellea drive shaft
0 Ritzelwelle0 pinion shaft
0a Ritzelkopf0a pinion head
1 Kupplung1 clutch
2 Getriebe2 gears
2a Hohlrad2a ring gear
2b Sonnenrad2b sun gear
2c Planetenrad 2c planetary gear

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1 . Antriebsstrang (1 ) für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit zumindest einer angetriebe- nen Achse (2), welche ein Differenzial und wenigstens zwei über das1 . Drive train (1) for a motor vehicle with at least one driven axle (2), which has a differential and at least two over the
Differenzial miteinander in Wirkverbindung stehende Fahrzeugräder (5, 6) aufweist, der Antriebsstrang (1 ) weiterhin mit einer ersten Antriebseinheit (7) und mit einer zweiten Antriebseinheit (8), wobei die zweite Antriebseinheit (8) einen Elektromotor (9) aufweist, dessen Antriebswel- le (9a) zumindest achsparallel zu einer Ritzelwelle (10) ausgerichtet ist und mit der Ritzelwelle (10) wirkverbunden ist, welche mit einem am Differenzial (4) angreifenden Tellerrad (13) im Zahneingriff steht und welche mit der ersten Antriebseinheit (7) wirkverbunden ist, und wobei zwischen wenigstens einer Abtriebswelle (14) des Differenzials (4) und ei- nem der Fahrzeugräder (5, 6) eine ein- und ausrückbare Kupplung (15) angeordnet ist. The drive train (1) further comprises a first drive unit (7) and a second drive unit (8), the second drive unit (8) having an electric motor (9) whose Drive shaft (9a) at least axially parallel to a pinion shaft (10) is aligned and with the pinion shaft (10) is operatively connected, which with a differential (4) engaging ring gear (13) in meshing engagement and which with the first drive unit (7 ) is operatively connected, and between at least one output shaft (14) of the differential (4) and one of the vehicle wheels (5, 6) an engageable and disengageable clutch (15) is arranged.
2. Antriebsstrang nach Anspruch 1 , in dem eine weitere Achse (3) mit angetriebenen Rädern (3a, 3b) vorgesehen ist, welche mit einem Antrieb (16) der ersten Antriebseinheit (7) wirkverbunden ist. 2. Drive train according to claim 1, in which a further axis (3) with driven wheels (3a, 3b) is provided which is operatively connected to a drive (16) of the first drive unit (7).
3. Antriebsstrang nach Anspruch 2, in dem der Elektromotor (9) über die Ritzelwelle (10) mit der ersten Antriebseinheit (7) wirkverbunden ist. 3. Drive train according to claim 2, in which the electric motor (9) via the pinion shaft (10) with the first drive unit (7) is operatively connected.
4. Antriebsstrang nach Anspruch 1 , in dem die zweite Antriebseinheit (8) wenigstens eine Kupplung (1 1 ) in einer Wirkverbindung zwischen einer Antriebswelle (9a) des Elektromotors (9) und der Ritzelwelle (10) aufweist. 4. Drive train according to claim 1, in which the second drive unit (8) has at least one clutch (1 1) in an operative connection between a drive shaft (9a) of the electric motor (9) and the pinion shaft (10).
5. Antriebsstrang nach Anspruch 1 , in dem die zweite Antriebseinheit (8) wenigstens ein Getriebe (12) in einer Wirkverbindung zwischen einer Antriebswelle (9a) des Elektromotors (9) und der Ritzelwelle (10) aufweist. Antriebsstrang nach Anspruch 1 oder 5, in der die zweite Antriebseinheit (8) ein mit einer ein- und ausrückbaren Kupplung (1 1 ) versehenes schaltbares zumindest zweigängiges Getriebe (12) aufweist. 5. Drive train according to claim 1, in which the second drive unit (8) has at least one transmission (12) in operative connection between a drive shaft (9a) of the electric motor (9) and the pinion shaft (10). Drive train according to Claim 1 or 5, in which the second drive unit (8) has a switchable at least two-speed transmission (12) provided with an engageable and disengageable clutch (11).
Antriebsstrang nach Anspruch 1 , in dem zwischen einer weiteren Abtriebswelle (14) des Differenzials (4) und einem der Fahrzeugräder (5,6) eine ein- und ausrückbare Kupplung (1 1 ) angeordnet ist. Drive train according to claim 1, in which between a further output shaft (14) of the differential (4) and one of the vehicle wheels (5,6) a clutch and disengageable clutch (1 1) is arranged.
PCT/EP2011/068949 2010-12-17 2011-10-28 Drive train for motor vehicles WO2012079827A1 (en)

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DE102010054871.5 2010-12-17

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