WO2012075554A1

WO2012075554A1 - Crankshaft for an alternative cooling compressor

Info

Publication number: WO2012075554A1
Application number: PCT/BR2011/000452
Authority: WO
Inventors: Adilson Luiz Manke; Laerte Capestrini
Original assignee: Whirpool S.A.
Priority date: 2010-12-06
Filing date: 2011-12-01
Publication date: 2012-06-14
Also published as: ES2805727T3; EP2649317A4; KR20140034117A; BRPI1009161B8; BRPI1009161B1; US9714589B2; JP2013545025A; EP2649317A1; EP2649317B1; JP6117108B2; US20130336765A1; BRPI1009161A2

Abstract

The present invention refers to a crankshaft (1 ) for an alternative compressor comprising a main shaft (21 ) connected to an eccentric pin (2) by means of a peripheral flange (3) containing a lubricating hole (24) extending through said eccentric pin (2) and through at least part of the body of main shaft (21 ), one of the edges of said hole (24) being on the cylindrical surface (2a) of said eccentric pin (2). With this type of hole, the present invention allows for the use of shafts having extremely low diameters (and, as result, with low viscous loss), even with high eccentricities, whereby an excellent capacity of oil pumping and mechanical strength is maintained.

Description

"CRANKSHAFT FOR AN ALTERNATIVE COOLING COMPRESSOR" Field of the Invention

The present invention refers to a crankshaft for an alternative cooling compressor having an improved lubrication hole.

Basis for the Invention

A compression has the function of increasing the pressure of a determined fluid volume to a pressure required for carrying out a refrigeration cycle.

Figure 1 schematically illustrates the main parts of mobile assembly of an alternative-type cooling compressor, wherein a connecting rod/crank system is used to convert rotary movement of electric motor to alternative movement of a plunger.

Thus, Figure 1 illustrates a main shaft (or shaft body) 1 connected to an eccentric pin 2 by means of flange 3. Eccentric pin 2 is connected by means of a connecting rod 4 to a plunger 5 that moves within cylinder 6a of a cylinder block 6. The assembly is driven by electric motor 7, wherein a pump 8 secured to shaft 1 or rotor 7a of electric motor 7 feeds the assembly with lubricating oil 9.

Refrigeration industry is highly concerned with the performance of cooling compressors. In fact, many works and studies have been carried out to improve this performance, mainly those aiming at reducing mechanical losses of moving parts, such as those generated on radial bearings of a compressor.

Mechanical loss in radial bearings is generated by contact between surfaces of parts and viscous friction resulting from the presence of lubricating oil.

Losses caused by contact of surfaces of shaft and bearing follow the equation given below:

Pot = Fa x ω x R, where Fa = μ x N,

wherein

Pot = friction-generated potency;

Fa = friction force;

co = relative angular velocity;

R = shaft radius;

μ = dynamic friction coefficient; and

N = normal force.

Viscous friction losses (from shearing of lubricating oil due to the movement between shaft and bearing) follow the equation below:

Pot: cte x f(co) x (η x co² x R³ x L) / c

wherein

Pot = friction-generated potency;

co = relative velocity between surfaces; η = oil viscosity;

R = shaft radius;

L = useful width of bearing.

c = radial clearance between surfaces; and

ε = shaft/bearing eccentricity ratio

To reduce these mechanical losses, solutions are known from the state the art, which involve altering the geometry of component parts to reduce friction. Among this type of solution, it can be mentioned the possibility of reducing the diameter of the shaft and eccentric pin.

As reduction in viscous loss is proportional to the cube of the shaft radius, reduction in bearing diameter is one of the most interesting alternatives to reduce mechanical loss in a bearing.

Nevertheless, there some technical difficulties associated with this continuous reduction in diameter of the main shaft body and eccentric pin, such as:

a). Reduction in the inertial moment and, consequently, strength of the shaft reduces;

b) Reduction in the capacity of centrifugal pumping of an oil, due to the reduction in the shaft diameter, causes reduction in maximum radius of oil centrifugation; and

c) Reduction in the capacity of pumping oil in a transition region between shaft body and eccentric pin.

In order to decrease such difficulties associated with item (a), it is possible, for example, to manufacture a crankshaft from a material having higher mechanical strength, such as nodular cast iron or steel.

With regard to the difficulties associated with item (b) above, it is possible to overcome same by, for example, opting to resort to a solution suggested in US Patent 6,416,296 B1.

With regard to the difficulties associated with item (c) above, they are in fact a technical limitation in reducing diameters of the main shaft and eccentric pin, mainly when associated with elevated values of eccentricities of eccentric pin, because the space available for machining a lubrication hole (responsible for transferring oil between the shaft body and eccentric pin) is highly limited.

Shaft holes known in the art usually have two main configurations as shown in Figures 2 and 3.

In Figure 2, the configuration comprises a hole 10 beginning on face 2a of a cylinder defining eccentric pin 2 and goes towards the center of the body of main shaft 1 until reaching a hole 11 transversal to geometric shaft of shaft 1.

Such a configuration has a limitation with respect to oil pumping process, because to transfer the oil from the lubricating channel of the main shaft body to the eccentric pin, it is required that same is forced to flow towards the body center, in an opposite direction to the centrifugal force generated by shaft rotation. Thus, in said configuration, the oil volume transferred to eccentric pin is inversely proportional to the maximum radial depth "E" to which oil is forced against centrifugal force (depth of hole 11 in radial direction).

With regard to the configuration depicted in Figure 3, a hole of eccentric pin 2 terminates into a position directly interlinking with lubricating channel 12 of main shaft body 1 (helical channel that defines a surface channel commonly used in part of the process for pumping oil from the compressor reservoir). This configuration, although eliminating said problem associated with the process for pumping oil in an opposite direction to centrifugal force, shows a better performance when an axial bearing is flat, which acts as a mechanical sealing thus avoiding that oil is totally expelled from the shaft when lubricating channel of the shaft body is not covered by a block radial bearing. That is, this configuration is effective when said axial bearing prevents or restricts leakage of oil that would be expelled from the shaft by centrifugal force of the action.

Although there are solutions using the solutions discussed above as basis for minor changes in a design, geometrical complexities of such holes and their processes increase when a combination of diameters of shaft and eccentric pin of values below 14 mm and eccentricities above 8.0 mm is used.

Objects of the Invention

Therefore, one object of the present invention is to provide a cooling compressor shaft having a hole that allows for a significant reduction in the dimensions of the crankshaft without substantially restricting the eccentricity of eccentric pin and minimally restricting the oil volume pumped to eccentric pin and plunger.

Summary of the Invention

The above-mentioned objects of the present invention are accomplished by means of a crankshaft for a cooling compressor which usually comprises a main shaft (or shaft body) connected to an eccentric pin and having a lubricating hole extending through said eccentric pin and through at least part of the main shaft body, wherein one of the hole edges is on the cylindrical surface of the eccentric pin and the hole center line is contained in a plane B-B that does not comprise a geometric shaft passing through the center line of the main shaft body and is rotated at a angle "B" in relation to plane P defined by the center lines of the main shaft body and eccentric pin, which configuration permits providing a hole with minimum restriction to oil pumping and suitable wall thicknesses. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the main shaft and eccentric pin are connected by means of a peripheral flange which usually defines axial bearing (and which also usually incorporates a counterweight mass). However, in an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the main shaft body is directly connected to the eccentric pin with no peripheral flange.

Further, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the other edge of the hole is on the cylindrical shaft body surface. However, in an alternative embodiment, the other edge of the hole is inside the shaft body, and a complementary hole connects this edge to the cylindrical shaft body surface. In another alternative embodiment, the other edge of the hole is totally on the surface of the peripheral axial seat flange or on a region intermediate the axial seat and cylindrical shaft body surface generating a groove in a portion of said surface.

Additionally, any of the solutions presented herein are also suitable for crankshafts in which an eccentric pin is disposed between 2 bearings of a bi-bearing crankshaft.

Brief Description of Drawings

Figure 1 illustrates a schematic view showing main parts of the mobile assembly of an alternative-type cooling compressor;

Figure 2 illustrates a cut view of the edge of a conventional compressor crankshaft at which an eccentric pin is disposed;

Figure 3 illustrates a cut view of the edge of another type of a conventional compressor crankshaft at which an eccentric pin is disposed.

Figure 4 illustrates a top view of a compressor crankshaft in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 5 illustrates a cut view, indicated in Figure 4, of the edge of a compressor shaft at which the eccentric pin in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention is disposed;

Figure 6 illustrates a cut view of the edge of a compressor shaft at which an eccentric pin in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention is disposed;

Figure 7 illustrates a top view of a compressor crankshaft in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 8 illustrates a cut view, indicated in Figure 7, of the edge of a compressor shaft at which an eccentric pin in accordance with the alternative embodiment of the present invention is disposed;

Figure 9 illustrates a graph showing experimental results of measuring an oil leakage (pumping capacity) of a shaft, wherein the maximal depth of lubricating hole 24 in relation to the shaft body surface ("E") has been varied;

Figure 10 illustrates a graph showing the result of a technical study for 4 different eccentricities of an eccentric pin, in which hole 24 was maintained fixed in relation to the body shaft.

Detailed Description of the Invention Next, the present invention will be described in more details based on execution examples represented in the drawings. It is to be construed that the principles of the present invention can be applied to any type, size or configuration of an alternative compressor.

Figures 4 and 5 show a preferred embodiment of the crankshaft of the present invention, wherein Figure 4 is a top view and Figure 5 is a partial cut view of edge portion of the shaft at which an eccentric pin is disposed.

As can be seen from these figures, crankshaft 1 of the present invention comprises a main shaft 21 connected to an eccentric pin 2 by means of a peripheral flange 3.

Nevertheless, it should be observed that the presence of this flange is not necessary, wherein in other embodiments of the present invention the main shaft can be directly connected to the eccentric pin. A construction of these types of shafts is well known from the state of the art, and the function thereof has been formerly commented.

To avoid problems and drawbacks associated with the solutions for holes of the state of the art, the crankshaft 1 of the present invention comprises a hole 24 which edge begins (or terminated, depending on the used machining technique) on the cylindrical surface 2b of pin 2, and terminates (or begins, depending on the used machining technique) on the cylindrical surface 21a of the body of main crankshaft 21 , as can be seen from Figures 4 and 5.

A helical lubricating channel (not shown) is provided on the cylindrical surface 21a of main shaft 21. Said lubricating channel is known from those skilled in the art and, therefore, it will not be described in detail herein.

In the preferred embodiment shown in Figures 4 and 5, hole 24 is in a plane B-B that does not contain a geometric shaft passing through the center line of main shaft 21 and is rotated at an angle "B" to plane B defined by the center lines of main shaft 21 and of eccentric pin 2 to minimize the maximum depth "E" of the inner surface of hole 24 relative to the cylindrical surface 21a of main shaft 21.

Therefore, by minimizing the maximum depth "E" (or maximizing the minimum radius "R1 "), a lower restriction to the flowing of oil from said main shaft 21 to eccentric pin 2 is obtained.

Hence, using a hole configuration of the present invention, a high degree of flexibility at the position of hole 24 is achieved, where a maximum radial depth Έ" (values below 4.0 mm) can be obtained by correctly combining angles "B" and "D" ("D" being an angle at the starting position of hole 24 on the surface 2b of eccentric pin), when the dimensions given by eccentricity "A", diameter "F" of hole 24 and diameters of main shaft 21 and eccentric pin 2 of the crankshaft 1 are considered.

The benefit attained by increasing the minimum radius "R1" (or reducing the maximum radial depth "E") to the oil flow rate can be seen from Figure, which shows Next, the present invention will be described in more details based on execution examples represented in the drawings. It is to be construed that the principles of the present invention can be applied to any type, size or configuration of an alternative compressor.

Hence, using a hole configuration of the present invention, a high degree of flexibility at the position of hole 24 is achieved, where a maximum radial depth "E" (values below 4.0 mm) can be obtained by correctly combining angles "B" and "D" ("D" being an angle at the starting position of hole 24 on the surface 2b of eccentric pin), when the dimensions given by eccentricity "A", diameter "F" of hole 24 and diameters of main shaft 21 and eccentric pin 2 of the crankshaft 1 are considered.

The benefit attained by increasing the minimum radius "R1 " (or reducing the maximum radial depth "E") to the oil flow rate can be seen from Figure, which shows inversely proportional ratio between reduction in the maximum radial depth "E" and increase in the oil flow rate.

In order to achieve a correct machining of a hole 24, in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention, the drilling tool must be introduced from a angle "D" in relation to the center of the eccentric pin, and, in plane B-B, the hole 24 has an inclination at angle "T" in relation to the center line of the main shaft 21 , wherein such angles ("D" and "T") are defined by:

- eccentricity "A" of the eccentric pin;

- diameter of main shaft 21 and eccentric pin 2; and

- axial distance between the beginning and end ("H" and "C" heights) of the hole on the surfaces of main shaft 21 and eccentric pin 2.

The beginning of the hole on the cylindrical surface 2b of eccentric pin 2 permits using angles "I" of about 45°, which, in combination with angle "B". allows for said hole to be disposed in a region which ensures satisfactory wall thicknesses ("espl" and "esp2" in Figure 5, above 1.0 mm) even with the use of shafts having:

- diameter of body and eccentric pin less than 14.0 mm;

- diameters of hole "F" of 2.5 mm or greater;

- eccentricities of 12.00 mm or greater;

- reduced thicknesses in peripheral flange defining axial seat.

Upon analyzing the manufacture process required for machining said hole 24, taking into account that shafts having different eccentricities in the same equipment are produced, it is possible to simplify this process (time reduction in the preparation of machines or setup) by maintaining a fixed position of hole 24 in relation to the shaft body 21 for a determined range of eccentricities "A".

As depicted in Figure 4, by maintaining angle "B" and minimum radius "RO" fixed, the starting position of hole 24 on the surface of eccentric pin 2b defined by angle "D", turns out to be variable with eccentricity "A". Figure 8 shows this situation for different eccentricities (eccentricities 6, 8, 10 and 12 mm).

Figure 6 shows an alternative embodiment of the present invention, where hole 24 is not a hole that entirely passes through main shaft 21 of crankshaft 1. In this sense, Figure 6 illustrates crankshaft in a cut view corresponding to cut B-B shown in the embodiment of Figure 4.

In this case, it is used a complementary hole 25 interconnecting hole 24 with a helical channel on the surface of main shaft 21.

Said complementary hole 25 can be perpendicular to the surface of main shaft 21 , as shown in Figure 6, or can have another type of suitable direction.

Additionally, in another alternative embodiment, as illustrated in Figures 7 and 8, hole 24 can totally or partially terminate on the axial surface 3a of peripheral flange 3 similarly to the termination of the lubricating hole depicted in Figure 3. Maximum depth "E" becomes zero because minimum radius "R1 " is greater than radius "Rc" of the body of main shaft 21 , and, consequently, there will be no more need to ensure a minimum thickness"esp.2".

For this particular configuration in which hole 24 partially reaches the main shaft body, said hole 24 is no longer completely formed in this region and then it passes to form a (semi-cylindrical) channel over the cylindrical surface 21a of the body of main shaft 21 , which can be directly connected to a helical lubricating channel normally disposed at said shafts.

Additionally, the present invention is not only applicable to crankshafts with eccentric pin axially disposed at one of the edges of the main body, wherein it can also be used in crankshafts at which an eccentric pin is disposed between 2 bearings of a bi-bearing crankshaft.

The present invention allows for a high degree of flexibility on the design of a hole of a compressor crankshaft to be obtained, the present invention permitting:

- increasing the thicknesses ("esp.1 " and "esp.2") of the shaft wall thus ensuring a maximum radial depth Έ" suitable for an oil pumping process; and

- disposing the beginning and the end of the hole in a region outside the bearing load (region where more pressures on the lubricating film during hydrodynamic regime are produced);

- simplifying the machining process (reduction in the time of machining preparation or setup), whereby a fixed position of hole 24 in relation to the body of shaft 21 for a determined range of eccentricities "A" is maintained.

In fact, the present invention provides for the use of crankshafts having extremely low diameters (and, consequently, having low viscous loss) even with high eccentricities (12.0 mm or above) thereby maintaining an excellent capacity of oil pumping, mechanical strength and being easy to fabricate.

It should be understood that the description provided based on the figures above only refers to possible embodiments for the crankshaft of the present invention, where the true scope of the object of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. Crankshaft (1 ) for an alternative compressor comprising a main shaft (21 ) connected to an eccentric pin (2) and a lubricating hole (24) extending through said eccentric pin (2) and through at least part of the body of main shaft (21 ), CHARACTERIZED in that one of the edges of said hole (24) is on the cylindrical surface (2b) of the eccentric pin (2), where said hole (24) is contained in a plane B-B that does not contain a geometrical shaft passing by the center line of main shaft (21 ) and is rotated at an angle "B" relative to plane P defined by the center liners of main shaft (21 ) and eccentric pin (2) ensuring a maximum radial depth "E" of 4.0 mm of the inner surface of hole (24) relative to the cylindrical surface (21a) of main body (21 ).

2. Crankshaft (1 ), in accordance with claim 1 , CHARACTERIZED in that it uses a hole having minimum wall thicknesses ("esp.1 " and "esp.2") of 1.00 mm.

3. Crankshaft (1 ), in accordance with claim 1 or 2, CHARACTERIZED in that said main shaft (21 ) is directly connected to eccentric pin (2).

4. Crankshaft (1 ), in accordance with claim 1 or 2, CHARACTERIZED in that said main shaft (21 ) is connected to eccentric pin (2) by means of a peripheral flange (3).

5. Crankshaft (1 ), in accordance with any of claims 1 to 4, CHARACTERIZED in that the other edge of hole (24) is on the cylindrical surface (21a) of the body of main shaft (21 ).

6. Crankshaft (1 ), in accordance with any of claims 1 to 4, CHARACTERIZED in that the other edge of hole (24) is inside the body of main shaft (21 ), and a complementary hole

(25) connects said edge to the cylindrical surface (21a) of the body of main shaft (21 ).

7. Crankshaft (1 ), in accordance with claim 4, CHARACTERIZED in that the other edge of hole (24) terminates totally or partially on the axial surface (3a) of peripheral flange (3).

8. Alternative compressor having a crankshaft comprising a main shaft (21 ) connected to an eccentric pin (2) and a lubricating hole (21 ) extending through said eccentric pin (2) and through at least part of the body of main shaft (21 ), CHARACTERIZED in that one of the edges of said hole (24) is on the cylindrical surface (2b) of the eccentric pin (2), where said hole (24) is contained in a plane B-B that does not contain geometrical shaft passing by the center line of main shaft (21 ) and is rotated at an angle "B" relative to plane P defined by the center liners of the main shaft (21 ) and eccentric pin (2) ensuring a maximum radial depth Έ" of 4.0 mm of the inner surface of hole (24) relative to the cylindrical surface (21 a) of main body (21 ).

9. Alternative compressor, in accordance with claim 8, CHARACTERIZED in that it uses a hole having minimum wall thicknesses ("esp.1 " and "esp.2") of 1.00 mm.

10. Alternative compressor, in accordance with claim 8 or 9, CHARACTERIZED in that said main shaft (21 ) is directly connected with the eccentric pin (2).

11. Alternative compressor, in accordance with claim 8 or 9, CHARACTERIZED in that said main shaft (21 ) is connected to the eccentric pin (2) by means of a peripheral flange (3).

12. Alternative compressor, in accordance with any of claims 8 to 11 , CHARACTERIZED in that the other edge of hole (24) is on the cylindrical surface (21a) of the body of main shaft (21 ).

13. Alternative compressor, in accordance with any of claims 9 to 11 , CHARACTERIZED in that the other edge of hole (24) is inside the body of main shaft (21 ), and a complementary hole (25) connects said edge to the cylindrical surface (21a) of the body of main shaft (21 ).

14. Alternative compressor, in accordance with claim 1 1 , CHARACTERIZED in that the other edge of hole (24) terminates totally or partially on the axial surface (3a) of peripheral flange (3).