WO2012073733A1 - Presentation device, communication system, and method of presenting sensitivity - Google Patents

Presentation device, communication system, and method of presenting sensitivity Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012073733A1
WO2012073733A1 PCT/JP2011/076746 JP2011076746W WO2012073733A1 WO 2012073733 A1 WO2012073733 A1 WO 2012073733A1 JP 2011076746 W JP2011076746 W JP 2011076746W WO 2012073733 A1 WO2012073733 A1 WO 2012073733A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
presentation
frequency
sensitivity
user
unit
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PCT/JP2011/076746
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
三橋 秀男
一仁 村田
克巳 渡邊
康介 高橋
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日本電気株式会社
国立大学法人東京大学
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Application filed by 日本電気株式会社, 国立大学法人東京大学 filed Critical 日本電気株式会社
Priority to JP2012546780A priority Critical patent/JPWO2012073733A1/en
Publication of WO2012073733A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012073733A1/en

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/016Input arrangements with force or tactile feedback as computer generated output to the user

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a presentation device, a communication system, and a sensitivity presentation method, and more particularly, to a presentation device and a communication system that can be applied to output means in an information device or a communication device.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a presentation device that presents a haptic sensation to a user by causing a rotator to vibrate and vibrate a sphere held in a vibrating and rotating manner according to a haptic haptic signal.
  • Presentation device is described.
  • the presenting device vibrates the moving element, and the vibration of the sphere is transmitted to the user's finger so that the user's finger touches the icon displayed on the screen by the information processing device.
  • Irregularity is presented by the presence or absence of vibration.
  • presentation device that expresses a reaction force obtained from a virtual object based on the strength of vibration.
  • the presentation device disclosed in Patent Document 1 has some problems. As a problem of the presentation device disclosed in Patent Document 1, it is only possible to virtually notify the user of the presence or absence of a virtual contact object (hole or protrusion) by vibration. Moreover, only the amount of change in the shape of the contact object can be expressed. These causes are because the vibration of the sphere is simply used as a means for expressing contact with a virtual object. That is, the vibration to be used is controlled only as a means for presenting a physical reaction force. Therefore, when presenting a tactile sensation stimulus, the lack of expressive power given to the user is cited as a problem.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a presentation device that presents a tactile force stimulus by vibration to a user and reminds the user of various sensibilities. Moreover, this invention is providing the communication system which comprised the said presentation apparatus and can transmit the sensitivity which a user wants to transmit.
  • a presentation device includes a haptic sense presentation unit that presents a haptic stimulus to a user by vibration, and a drive unit that vibrates the haptic sense presentation unit at a predetermined frequency.
  • the tactile sensation presentation unit is vibrated at a frequency corresponding to the sensitivity that the user wants to recall.
  • the communication system includes the above-described presentation device on the mutual user side, and the frequency for vibrating the haptic sense presentation unit on one user side is based on the sensibility designation to be transmitted from the other user side. It is characterized by controlling.
  • the sensitivity presentation method provides a vibration of a predetermined frequency associated with a sensitivity that the user wants to recall the haptic stimulus when the haptic stimulus is presented to the user by vibrating the object.
  • the object is presented by being vibrated by a drive unit so as to be given.
  • the presentation apparatus which presents the tactile-force stimulus by a vibration to a user and reminds the user various sensitivity can be provided.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a presentation device 1 according to the embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the presentation device 100 according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the sensitivity recalled by the user and the presentation frequency of the haptic sense presentation device 500.
  • FIG. 4 shows sensitivity / frequency correspondence data 200 (correspondence table).
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a presentation device having a correction unit and a detection unit.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an embodiment of a communication system using a presentation device.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph showing the result of statistical investigation and analysis of the sensitivity that the user desires to transmit in skinship communication.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a presentation device 1 according to an embodiment.
  • the presentation apparatus 1 includes a haptic sense presentation unit 10 that presents a haptic stimulus to a user by vibrating, and a drive unit 20 that vibrates the haptic sense presentation unit 10 at a predetermined frequency (presentation frequency).
  • the tactile sensation presentation unit 10 only needs to be able to vibrate by simple unevenness, and is configured to maintain vibration at a given frequency (presentation frequency) using a piezoelectric element, vibrator, motor, or the like. Any shape can be used.
  • the haptic sense presentation unit 10 may vibrate the user at a frequency different from the presentation frequency, thereby adding the presentation frequency as a given vibration to the user as a result.
  • a structure in which the vibration of the piezoelectric element is transmitted through a medium of an incompressible fluid to make the member in contact with the user uneven, or a structure in which the protrusion installed on the tip of the bimorph type piezoelectric element that performs the bending operation is made uneven Etc. can be used.
  • the drive unit 20 drives the tactile sensation presentation unit 10 to vibrate at a presentation frequency corresponding to the sensibility desired to be recalled by the user. It is desirable that the drive unit 20 can select a frequency for vibrating the haptic sense presentation unit 10.
  • the drive unit 20 can change the vibration frequency of the haptic sense presentation unit 10 to correspond to a plurality of sensibilities that the user wants to recall.
  • the presentation frequency may be set based on sensitivity / frequency correspondence data obtained in advance for correspondence between the frequency and the sensitivity that the user wants to recall (gives).
  • a plurality of types of presentation frequencies can be incorporated into the presentation device in a changeable manner.
  • only one type of presentation frequency may be incorporated in the presentation device according to the purpose of the presentation device 1.
  • the presentation frequency may be received from an information processing device (not shown) connected to the presentation device 1 with an instruction indicating the sensitivity that the user wants to recall, and the haptic presentation unit 10 may be vibrated according to the instruction.
  • an instruction indicating the frequency may be received and the haptic sense presentation unit 10 may be vibrated according to the instruction.
  • a detection unit that measures vibration may be provided in order to confirm that the haptic sense presentation unit 10 is vibrating.
  • the detection unit may measure the presence / absence of vibration of the haptic sense presentation unit 10 and the frequency, but may also measure vibration applied from the user's skin or the like. In this way, the vibration of the tactile sensation presentation unit 10 can be adjusted based on the vibration given to the user. In this way, by driving the tactile sensation presentation unit 10 with a predetermined frequency and frequency waveform corresponding to the sensitivity desired to be recalled by the drive unit 20, it is possible to make the user recall various sensibilities. It should be noted that if the tactile sensation to be presented is not associated with the sensibility given to the user, it is natural that the predetermined sensibility cannot be recalled.
  • the presentation frequency and the like may be acquired and accumulated in advance according to the sensitivity desired to be provided, and may be mounted as necessary.
  • the frequency (presentation frequency) for vibrating the selected haptic sense presentation unit 10 can be automatically changed at every timing given by the user or the information processing apparatus or with the passage of time. In this way, by using the presentation device 1, it is possible to transmit the sensibility that the user (contactee) wants to give to the user (contactee) while changing it momentarily. Moreover, if this presentation apparatus 1 is used for communication between users via a communication means, the sensibility that each user wants to transmit and the sensibility felt can be transmitted to the other party.
  • the communication means may use an electric wire, or may use a communication network such as a LAN or the Internet.
  • the notification side may be provided with means for selecting the sensibility to be transmitted and means for automatically acquiring the sensibility currently felt.
  • the haptic sense presentation unit 10 may be either a ground type or a non-ground type. Further, energy may be directly applied to the user's body to vibrate. Further, the haptic sense presentation unit 10 may divide a portion where the haptic sense is presented into a plurality of places, such as a pair or a set.
  • a vibrating part may be provided on the abdomen of each finger. Further, the tactile sensation presentation unit 10 and the position positioning technique may be linked. In this way, in the virtual space constituted by the information processing device, the sensitivity received when touching or approaching a person or an object in the virtual space is linked to the position information obtained by positioning the drive unit 20. If moved, various sensibilities can be given to the edible object in the virtual space.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of the presentation device according to the first embodiment.
  • the presentation device shown in FIG. 2 includes a drive unit and a haptic sense presentation unit.
  • the drive unit selects and sets the sensitivity to be recalled by the user, outputs the sensitivity information a, and the correspondence between the presentation frequency and the sensitivity that is recalled by the user in response to the sensitivity information a is recorded in advance.
  • the frequency setting unit 300 that outputs the frequency data b corresponding to the sensitivity information a with reference to the sensitivity / frequency correspondence data 200, and the drive signal c that receives the frequency data b and is a sine wave at the frequency of the frequency data b
  • the vibration drive part 400 which outputs is included.
  • the tactile sensation presentation unit is in contact with the user's fingertip, receives the drive signal c, and causes the tactile force to present the tactile sensation to the user by moving the protrusion up and down in a sine wave shape at the frequency of the frequency data b.
  • the sense presentation device 500 is in charge. Next, the operation will be described.
  • the sensibility selection unit 100 In order to remind the user of a predetermined sensibility, the sensibility selection unit 100 first selects and sets the sensibility to be recalled by the user, and outputs the sensitivity information a to the frequency setting unit 300. Sensitivity selection / setting may be performed autonomously or in accordance with external input.
  • the frequency setting unit 300 that has received the sensitivity information a refers to the sensitivity / frequency correspondence data 200 and outputs the frequency data b corresponding to the sensitivity information a to the vibration driving unit 400.
  • the vibration drive unit 400 receives the frequency data b and outputs a drive signal c to drive the haptic sense presentation device 500 that is in contact with the user's fingertip at a frequency of the frequency data b.
  • the presentation device reminds the user of a predetermined sensitivity.
  • FIG. 3 is a result graph in which we obtained a relationship between the sensitivity recalled by the user and the presentation frequency of the haptic sense presentation device 500 through a psychological evaluation experiment.
  • the horizontal axis in FIG. 3 is the presentation frequency.
  • the vertical axis in FIG. 3 represents the seven methods for the subjective assessment items of “biological-mechanical”, “soft-hard”, and “warm-cold”, respectively. Is the evaluation result. Referring to FIG. 3, it can be read that a sensitivity of “biological, soft, warm” is recalled when the presentation frequency is around 1 Hz to 2 Hz. Further, it can be read that a sensitivity of “mechanical, hard, cold” is recalled at a presentation frequency of about 50 Hz or higher. Moreover, it can be read that neutral sensitivity that is neither of these is recalled in the vicinity of the presentation frequency of 10 Hz.
  • the haptic sense presentation unit having a shape capable of reliably transmitting vibration like the haptic sense presentation device 500 presents the haptic sense stimulus in a sinusoidal manner to the user in the above-described frequency band.
  • the sensitivity / frequency correspondence data 200 is preset as the correspondence shown in FIG. 4, as shown in the result graph of FIG. That's fine.
  • the frequency data b is set to 1.5 Hz.
  • the frequency data b is set to 100 Hz.
  • the frequency data b is set to 10 Hz.
  • the present presentation device can be applied to, for example, enhancing the sense of reality and attractiveness of various virtual characters displayed on a game machine, an information device, or the like. As the current state of such virtual characters, various things such as animals, robots, and objects that do not exist in reality are displayed and used.
  • this embodiment is applied to display a virtual character and present a sine wave stimulus to the user with the haptic sense presentation device 500.
  • the frequency of the vibration presented by the haptic sense presentation device 500 is changed according to the characteristics of each virtual character. For example, in the case of an animal, a sinusoidal stimulus may be presented to the user at a frequency of about 1.5 Hz, which reminds the sense of “biological, soft, warm”.
  • a sine wave stimulus may be presented to the user at about 100 Hz, which recalls the sensitivity of “mechanical, hard, and cold”.
  • a sine wave stimulus may be presented to the user at about 10 Hz, which is reminiscent of “neutral sensibility that is neither biological nor mechanical” if the object is unknown.
  • the frequency to show according to a character it is necessary to switch the frequency to show according to the change of a character.
  • you may switch the frequency to show according to the change of a character.
  • the correspondence between the user's recall and the presented frequency is not limited to that shown in FIG. Further, as is apparent from the evaluation result graph of FIG. 3, the frequencies that recall each sensitivity have a certain range. Therefore, the corresponding frequency may be set within the range.
  • a correction unit may be provided, for example, ⁇ 5%, ⁇ 10%, ⁇ 15%, ⁇ 20%, or ⁇ predetermined Hz.
  • the drive unit adds or applies a predetermined correction value for each part that receives the user's vibration, and adds or adds another correction value different from the part correction value for each sensitivity to be recalled. You may make it vibrate a force sense presentation part.
  • a tactile sensation presentation unit and a detection unit that detects vibration applied to the user may be provided.
  • the detection unit may detect the vibration of the tactile sense presentation unit, the vibration of the user, or both.
  • the correction unit may add or apply a correction value based on the detection value of the vibration applied to the user to vibrate the haptic sense presentation unit.
  • the transfer functions of the applied vibration and the vibration may be stored and used for each part or for each frequency (for each sensitivity). Further, the user may be able to adjust the vibration of the tactile sensation presentation unit.
  • a presentation device provided with these correction units and detection units is illustrated in FIG.
  • the vibrating the tactile sensation presentation unit by correcting the vibration of the tactile sensation presentation unit from a plurality of different viewpoints, it is possible to appropriately perform correction for each user, for each part, etc., and to present the same sensitivity to everyone. It becomes possible.
  • the sensibility to be recalled is not limited to the above, and many sensibilities can be expressed by implementing the correspondence between the desired recall sensibility and the presentation frequency or vibration waveform through psychological evaluation experiments or the like.
  • the part of the stimulus presentation by the haptic sense presentation device 500 is not limited to the fingertip, and may be other body parts such as the palm, the back, the wrist, the whole hand, the neck, and the ear.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an embodiment of a communication system using a presentation device.
  • the communication system shown in FIG. 6 includes both presentation devices via communication means 800.
  • Each presentation device receives an activation switch 600 for instructing the start / presentation of communication by the user, and an ON / OFF signal d from the activation switch 600.
  • the drive instruction signal 700 that outputs the drive command signal e for enabling the operation and the drive command signal e transmitted by the communication means 800
  • a fixed cycle drive signal f that is a sine wave of a predetermined frequency is obtained.
  • the fixed-period drive unit 900 to be output is in contact with the user's fingertip, receives the fixed-period drive signal f, and raises and lowers the protrusions in a sine wave shape at a predetermined frequency, thereby stimulating the haptic stimulus to the user.
  • a haptic sense presentation device 500 to be presented Both presentation devices notify each other of the drive command signal e via the communication partner side and the communication means 800, and transmit the sensibility to remind the other party.
  • the drive command signal e may be a frequency to be oscillated or a sensitivity to be recalled.
  • each component described above is installed on each side of two users who perform communication.
  • the operation switch 600 is turned on, and the drive command signal e is output from the drive instruction unit 700.
  • the drive command signal e is transmitted by the communication means 800 to the fixed cycle drive unit 900 installed on the communication partner side.
  • the fixed period drive unit 900 outputs a fixed period drive signal f, and the haptic sense presentation device 500 that is in contact with the user's fingertip is driven with a sine wave at a predetermined frequency. By doing so, haptic communication is performed to the other user.
  • An object of the communication system of the above-described embodiment is to provide a tactile force sense communication means that can convey the sensibility that the user wants to transmit.
  • sensitivity / frequency correspondence data may be prepared in accordance with the cultural environment where the user grew up, and a means for enabling selection for each user may be provided.
  • the cultural environment may be selected according to, for example, the language, the country of stay, or a combination thereof.
  • the cultural environment may be collected on a server or the like as collective intelligence via the Internet or the like. In this way, it becomes easy to communicate sensibilities even in different cultural spheres.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph showing the results of our statistical survey and analysis in Japan of the sensibility that the user desires to transmit in so-called skinship communication with tactile sensation. As a result, we have already found that the sensibility that the user most desires to transmit via the communication means is the sensibility that it is “warm”.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 That is, by providing a device in which the sensitivity of “warm” is set as the fixed period, it is possible to provide a powerful haptic communication system that can communicate the sensitivity that the user wants to transmit.
  • a sine wave haptic stimulus may be presented at a frequency in the vicinity of 1 Hz to 2 Hz, which can be derived from FIGS. 3 and 4 shown in the first embodiment. Therefore, in this communication system, the predetermined frequency of the fixed period drive signal f is set to 1.5 Hz. Then, while the user turns on the operation switch 600, a tactile force stimulus is presented to the communication partner with a sine wave of 1.5 Hz.
  • the user on the other end of the communication recalls a “warm” sensitivity.
  • the number of the operation switches 600 and the fixed period driving unit 900 may be increased so that the sensitivity of “cold” or “insensitive” can be transmitted and expressed.
  • it may replace with the fixed period drive part 900, and the designation
  • the drive unit may read the sensitivity / frequency correspondence data and determine the frequency to be vibrated. The same may be done when conveying other sensibilities.
  • a correction unit and a detection unit may be provided in combination.
  • the drive part should just vibrate a user's body with a required presentation frequency, and may add a vibration to a user using a frequency different from a presentation frequency.
  • the different frequency here may be any frequency as long as it results in vibration of the user's body at the presentation frequency.
  • the presentation device to which the present invention is applied can present the user with tactile sensation stimulation by vibration, and remind the user of various sensibilities.
  • the communication system includes the presenting device, it is possible to transmit the sensitivity that the user wants to transmit to a remote place.
  • This communication system can be applied to remote communication devices through various communication means such as communication using a mobile phone or chat using a personal computer.
  • the presentation device according to the present invention can be used by being incorporated in a mouse, keyboard, touch panel, glasses, writing instrument, wristwatch, robot hand, or the like.
  • the present invention can be used for a presentation device that expresses sensibility received from a virtual space or augmented reality space using a computer, an object existing in a game, or an object actually existing in a remote place.
  • Tactile force sense presentation part (tactile force sense presentation means) 20... Drive unit (drive means) 100 ... Sensitivity selection unit (sensitivity selection means) 200 ... Sensitivity / frequency correspondence data 300 ... Frequency setting section (frequency setting means) 400... Vibration drive unit (vibration drive means) 500 ... Tactile sensation presentation device 600 ... Actuation switch 700 ... Drive instruction section (drive instruction means) 800... Communication means 900... Fixed period drive unit (fixed period drive means)

Abstract

The present invention provides a presentation device for evoking various senses to a user or a communication system including the presentation device, which is configured to include a haptic presentation unit for presenting haptic stimulation to a user by means of vibration and a drive unit for vibrating the haptic presentation unit with a given frequency such that the drive unit is driven to vibrate the haptic presentation unit at a frequency corresponding to the sense that is desired to be evoked in a user.

Description

提示装置、コミュニケーションシステム、および感性提示方法Presentation device, communication system, and sensitivity presentation method
 本発明は、提示装置、コミュニケーションシステムおよび感性提示方法に関し、特に情報機器や通信装置での出力手段に適用し得る提示装置およびコミュニケーションシステムに関する。 The present invention relates to a presentation device, a communication system, and a sensitivity presentation method, and more particularly, to a presentation device and a communication system that can be applied to output means in an information device or a communication device.
 ユーザに触力覚を提示する触力覚提示装置としては、例えば、特開2001−117715号公報(特許文献1)に記載されたデバイスが挙げられる。
 特許文献1には、運動子を内在して、振動及び回転可能に保持された球体を触覚力覚信号に応じて磁力により運動子を振動させることで、ユーザに触力覚を提示する呈示装置(提示装置)が記載されている。当該呈示装置は、運動子を振動させることによって、球体の振動がユーザの手指に伝達することにより、ユーザの手指が情報処理装置によって画面上に表示されたアイコンに接触したかのような操作感(凸凹)を振動の有無によって提示するものである。
 また、振動の強弱によって、仮想的な物体から得られる反力を表現する提示装置もある。
As a tactile sensation presentation device that presents a tactile sensation to a user, for example, a device described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-117715 (Patent Document 1) can be given.
Patent Document 1 discloses a presentation device that presents a haptic sensation to a user by causing a rotator to vibrate and vibrate a sphere held in a vibrating and rotating manner according to a haptic haptic signal. (Presentation device) is described. The presenting device vibrates the moving element, and the vibration of the sphere is transmitted to the user's finger so that the user's finger touches the icon displayed on the screen by the information processing device. (Irregularity) is presented by the presence or absence of vibration.
There is also a presentation device that expresses a reaction force obtained from a virtual object based on the strength of vibration.
特開2001−117715号公報JP 2001-117715 A
 しかしながら、特許文献1に開示された提示装置などにはいくつかの問題がある。
 特許文献1に開示された提示装置の問題点としては、ユーザに仮想的な接触物(穴や突起)の有無を振動によって仮想的に通知することしかできない。
 また 接触物の形状の変化量しか表現できない。
 これらの原因は、球体の振動を単に仮想的な物体への接触を表現する手段として使用しているからである。すなわち、利用する振動を物理的な反力の提示手段としてのみ制御しているためである。そのため、触力覚刺激を提示する際に、ユーザに与えられる表現力に乏しい点が問題点として挙げられる。
 本発明は、ユーザに振動による触力覚刺激を提示し、該ユーザに様々な感性を想起させる提示装置を提供することにある。
 また、本発明は、上記提示装置を具備した、ユーザが伝達したいと思う感性が伝達できるコミュニケーションシステムを提供することにある。
However, the presentation device disclosed in Patent Document 1 has some problems.
As a problem of the presentation device disclosed in Patent Document 1, it is only possible to virtually notify the user of the presence or absence of a virtual contact object (hole or protrusion) by vibration.
Moreover, only the amount of change in the shape of the contact object can be expressed.
These causes are because the vibration of the sphere is simply used as a means for expressing contact with a virtual object. That is, the vibration to be used is controlled only as a means for presenting a physical reaction force. Therefore, when presenting a tactile sensation stimulus, the lack of expressive power given to the user is cited as a problem.
An object of the present invention is to provide a presentation device that presents a tactile force stimulus by vibration to a user and reminds the user of various sensibilities.
Moreover, this invention is providing the communication system which comprised the said presentation apparatus and can transmit the sensitivity which a user wants to transmit.
 本発明に関する提示装置は、振動によってユーザに触力覚刺激を提示する触力覚提示部と、前記触力覚提示部を所定周波数で振動させる駆動部とを含み構成され、前記駆動部は、前記触力覚提示部を、前記ユーザに想起させたい感性に対応させた周波数で、振動させることを特徴とする。
 本発明に関するコミュニケーションシステムは、上記提示装置を相互のユーザ側に具備しており、一方のユーザ側の触力覚提示部を振動させる周波数を、他のユーザ側からの伝達したい感性の指定に基づき制御することを特徴とする。
 本発明に関する感性提示方法は、物体を振動することによってユーザに触力覚刺激を提示する時に、前記触力覚刺激を予め定めたユーザに想起させたい感性に対応付けられた所定周波数の振動を与えるように前記物体を駆動部によって振動させて提示することを特徴とする。
A presentation device according to the present invention includes a haptic sense presentation unit that presents a haptic stimulus to a user by vibration, and a drive unit that vibrates the haptic sense presentation unit at a predetermined frequency. The tactile sensation presentation unit is vibrated at a frequency corresponding to the sensitivity that the user wants to recall.
The communication system according to the present invention includes the above-described presentation device on the mutual user side, and the frequency for vibrating the haptic sense presentation unit on one user side is based on the sensibility designation to be transmitted from the other user side. It is characterized by controlling.
The sensitivity presentation method according to the present invention provides a vibration of a predetermined frequency associated with a sensitivity that the user wants to recall the haptic stimulus when the haptic stimulus is presented to the user by vibrating the object. The object is presented by being vibrated by a drive unit so as to be given.
 本発明によれば、ユーザに振動による触力覚刺激を提示して、該ユーザに様々な感性を想起させる提示装置を提供できる。
 また、本提示装置を具備した、ユーザが伝達したいと思う感性を遠隔地に伝達できるコミュニケーションシステムを提供できる。
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the presentation apparatus which presents the tactile-force stimulus by a vibration to a user and reminds the user various sensitivity can be provided.
In addition, it is possible to provide a communication system that can transmit the sensitivity that the user wants to transmit to a remote place, including the present presentation device.
 図1は、実施の形態にかかる提示装置1の構成を示すブロック図である。
 図2は、第1実施例の提示装置100の構成を示すブロック図である。
 図3は、ユーザが想起する感性と触力覚提示デバイス500の提示周波数との関係を示すグラフである。
 図4は、感性・周波数対応データ200(対応表)である。
 図5は、補正部及び検出部を有する提示装置を例示するブロック図である。
 図6は、提示装置を用いたコミュニケーションシステムの実施例の構成を示すブロック図である。
 図7は、スキンシップコミュニケーションにおいてユーザが伝達を望む感性を統計的に調査、分析した結果グラフである。
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a presentation device 1 according to the embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the presentation device 100 according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the sensitivity recalled by the user and the presentation frequency of the haptic sense presentation device 500.
FIG. 4 shows sensitivity / frequency correspondence data 200 (correspondence table).
FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a presentation device having a correction unit and a detection unit.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an embodiment of a communication system using a presentation device.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the result of statistical investigation and analysis of the sensitivity that the user desires to transmit in skinship communication.
 次に、本発明の実施の形態について図面を参照して詳細に説明する。
 図1は、実施の一形態の提示装置1の構成を示すブロック図である。
 提示装置1は、振動することによってユーザに触力覚刺激を提示する触力覚提示部10と、触力覚提示部10を所定周波数(提示周波数)で振動させる駆動部20とを含み構成される。
 触力覚提示部10は、単純な凹凸による振動動作ができれば良く、圧電素子や振動子、モータなどを用いて、与えられた指定周波数(提示周波数)での振動を維持できるように構成されていれば、どのような形状でもかまわない。また、触力覚提示部10は、提示周波数と異なる周波数で振動することによって、ユーザに対して結果的に提示周波数を与振動として加えることとしてもよい。
 例えば、圧電素子の振動を非圧縮性流体の媒質を介して伝達することでユーザに接触する部材を凹凸させる構造や、屈曲動作を行うバイモルフ型の圧電素子の先端に設置した突起を凹凸させる構造などが使用できる。
 駆動部20は、触力覚提示部10を、使用するユーザに想起させたい感性に対応させた提示周波数で振動するように駆動する。
 駆動部20は、触力覚提示部10を振動させる周波数を選択可能とすることが望ましい。駆動部20は、周波数を選択することにより、触力覚提示部10の振動周波数を変更してユーザに想起させたい複数の感性に対応させることが可能となる。
 提示周波数は、それぞれ該周波数とユーザに想起させたい(与えたい)感性との対応をあらかじめ求めた感性・周波数対応データに基づいて設定するようにしてもよい。また、提示周波数は、複数種類の提示周波数を提示装置に変更可能に組み込むことも可能である。また、提示周波数は、提示装置1の目的に応じて1種類のみを提示装置に組み込んでもよい。
 当該提示周波数は、提示装置1に接続された情報処理装置(図示せず)から、ユーザに想起させたい感性を示す指示を受け、当該指示に従い触力覚提示部10を振動させようにしてもよいし、周波数を示す指示を受け、当該指示に従い触力覚提示部10を振動させるようにしてもよい。
 また、情報処理装置を用いずとも、電気回路によって、ユーザに想起させたい感性または振動させる周波数を提示装置1に入力可能なようにすることも可能である。
 また、触力覚提示部10が振動している様子を確認するために、振動を計測する検出部を設けてもよい。また、検出部の計測データと想起させたい感性に基づいて、駆動部20の動作を制御する補正部を設けてもよい。これは、ユーザと触力覚提示部10との接触によって、ユーザに所望の様に与振動を与えられているかどうかを確認するとともに、フィードバックによって与振動を調節できる。なお、検出部は、触力覚提示部10の振動の有無や周波数を測定しても良いが、ユーザの肌などから与えた振動を計測するようにしても良い。このようにすれば、ユーザに与えた振動に基づいて触力覚提示部10の振動を調整できる。
 このように駆動部20によって触力覚提示部10を想起させたい感性に対応させた所定の周波数および周波数波形で駆動させることで、ユーザに様々な感性を想起させることが可能となる。
 なお、提示する触力覚とユーザに与える感性との対応付けがなされなければ、当然のことではあるが所定の感性を想起させることはできない。提示周波数等は、与えたい感性に対応させて予め取得蓄積しておき、必要に応じて実装すればよい。また、インターネット上などのサーバなどに蓄積して、必要に応じた感性に対応した提示周波数等を取得するようにしてもよい。
 また、選択される触力覚提示部10を振動させる周波数(提示周波数)は、ユーザや情報処理装置から与えられるタイミング毎、または、時間経過と共に自動的に変更することが可能となる。このことによって、提示装置1を用いることによって、ユーザ(被接触者)に与えたいとと思う感性を時々刻々と変化させながら伝達できる。
 また、この提示装置1を通信手段を介してユーザ間のコミュニケーションに使用すれば、それぞれのユーザが伝達したいと思う感性や感じた感性を相手に伝達できる。この場合、通信手段は、電線を用いてもよいし、LANやインターネットなどの通信網を使用する様にしてもよい。例示すれば、一方の提示装置1の駆動部20を、通信手段を介して相手側装置から操作することとすれば可能となる。このとき、通知側には、伝える感性を選択する手段や、現在感じている感性を自動的に取得する手段を設ければよい。また、伝えたい感性を自動的に取得する手段を設けてもよい。
 また、触力覚提示部10は、接地型、非接地型の何れでもよい。また、ユーザの身体に直接的にエネルギーを与えて振動させてもよい。また、触力覚提示部10は、一対や一組などのように、触力覚を提示する箇所を複数個所に分割してもよい。例えば、グローブ型の触力覚提示部10とすれば、各指の腹部にそれぞれ振動する部分を設ければよい。
 また、触力覚提示部10と位置測位技術とを連係させてもよい。このようにすれば、情報処理装置によって構成される仮想空間内で、仮想空間内の人や物などに触れたり近寄ったり際に受ける感性を、位置測位した位置情報に連動させて駆動部20を動かすようにすれば、仮想空間内での可蝕対象物に様々な感性を付与できる。
Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a presentation device 1 according to an embodiment.
The presentation apparatus 1 includes a haptic sense presentation unit 10 that presents a haptic stimulus to a user by vibrating, and a drive unit 20 that vibrates the haptic sense presentation unit 10 at a predetermined frequency (presentation frequency). The
The tactile sensation presentation unit 10 only needs to be able to vibrate by simple unevenness, and is configured to maintain vibration at a given frequency (presentation frequency) using a piezoelectric element, vibrator, motor, or the like. Any shape can be used. Further, the haptic sense presentation unit 10 may vibrate the user at a frequency different from the presentation frequency, thereby adding the presentation frequency as a given vibration to the user as a result.
For example, a structure in which the vibration of the piezoelectric element is transmitted through a medium of an incompressible fluid to make the member in contact with the user uneven, or a structure in which the protrusion installed on the tip of the bimorph type piezoelectric element that performs the bending operation is made uneven Etc. can be used.
The drive unit 20 drives the tactile sensation presentation unit 10 to vibrate at a presentation frequency corresponding to the sensibility desired to be recalled by the user.
It is desirable that the drive unit 20 can select a frequency for vibrating the haptic sense presentation unit 10. By selecting the frequency, the drive unit 20 can change the vibration frequency of the haptic sense presentation unit 10 to correspond to a plurality of sensibilities that the user wants to recall.
The presentation frequency may be set based on sensitivity / frequency correspondence data obtained in advance for correspondence between the frequency and the sensitivity that the user wants to recall (gives). In addition, as the presentation frequency, a plurality of types of presentation frequencies can be incorporated into the presentation device in a changeable manner. Further, only one type of presentation frequency may be incorporated in the presentation device according to the purpose of the presentation device 1.
The presentation frequency may be received from an information processing device (not shown) connected to the presentation device 1 with an instruction indicating the sensitivity that the user wants to recall, and the haptic presentation unit 10 may be vibrated according to the instruction. Alternatively, an instruction indicating the frequency may be received and the haptic sense presentation unit 10 may be vibrated according to the instruction.
Moreover, it is also possible to make it possible to input the sensibility that the user wants to recall or the frequency to vibrate to the presentation device 1 without using an information processing device.
Moreover, in order to confirm that the haptic sense presentation unit 10 is vibrating, a detection unit that measures vibration may be provided. Moreover, you may provide the correction | amendment part which controls operation | movement of the drive part 20 based on the measurement data of a detection part, and the sensitivity to be reminded. This confirms whether or not the user is given a desired vibration by contact between the user and the haptic sense presentation unit 10 and can adjust the given vibration by feedback. The detection unit may measure the presence / absence of vibration of the haptic sense presentation unit 10 and the frequency, but may also measure vibration applied from the user's skin or the like. In this way, the vibration of the tactile sensation presentation unit 10 can be adjusted based on the vibration given to the user.
In this way, by driving the tactile sensation presentation unit 10 with a predetermined frequency and frequency waveform corresponding to the sensitivity desired to be recalled by the drive unit 20, it is possible to make the user recall various sensibilities.
It should be noted that if the tactile sensation to be presented is not associated with the sensibility given to the user, it is natural that the predetermined sensibility cannot be recalled. The presentation frequency and the like may be acquired and accumulated in advance according to the sensitivity desired to be provided, and may be mounted as necessary. Further, it may be stored in a server on the Internet or the like, and a presentation frequency or the like corresponding to the sensitivity required may be acquired.
In addition, the frequency (presentation frequency) for vibrating the selected haptic sense presentation unit 10 can be automatically changed at every timing given by the user or the information processing apparatus or with the passage of time. In this way, by using the presentation device 1, it is possible to transmit the sensibility that the user (contactee) wants to give to the user (contactee) while changing it momentarily.
Moreover, if this presentation apparatus 1 is used for communication between users via a communication means, the sensibility that each user wants to transmit and the sensibility felt can be transmitted to the other party. In this case, the communication means may use an electric wire, or may use a communication network such as a LAN or the Internet. For example, it is possible to operate the driving unit 20 of one presentation device 1 from the counterpart device via the communication means. At this time, the notification side may be provided with means for selecting the sensibility to be transmitted and means for automatically acquiring the sensibility currently felt. Moreover, you may provide the means to acquire automatically the sensitivity which wants to convey.
Further, the haptic sense presentation unit 10 may be either a ground type or a non-ground type. Further, energy may be directly applied to the user's body to vibrate. Further, the haptic sense presentation unit 10 may divide a portion where the haptic sense is presented into a plurality of places, such as a pair or a set. For example, if the glove-type tactile sensation presentation unit 10 is used, a vibrating part may be provided on the abdomen of each finger.
Further, the tactile sensation presentation unit 10 and the position positioning technique may be linked. In this way, in the virtual space constituted by the information processing device, the sensitivity received when touching or approaching a person or an object in the virtual space is linked to the position information obtained by positioning the drive unit 20. If moved, various sensibilities can be given to the edible object in the virtual space.
 次に、幾つかの実施例を例示して本発明を説明する。
 図2は、第1実施例の提示装置の構成を示すブロック図である。
 図2に示す提示装置は、駆動部と触力覚提示部とで構成される。
 駆動部は、ユーザに想起させる感性を選択・設定して、感性情報aを出力する感性選択部100と、感性情報aを受けて提示周波数とユーザが想起する感性との対応があらかじめ記録されている感性・周波数対応データ200を参照して、感性情報aに対応した周波数データbを出力する周波数設定部300と、周波数データbを受けて、周波数データbの周波数で正弦波である駆動信号cを出力する振動駆動部400とを含んでいる。
 触力覚提示部は、ユーザの指先に接触しており、駆動信号cを受けて、周波数データbの周波数で突起体を正弦波状に上下させることでユーザに触力覚刺激を提示する触力覚提示デバイス500が担当する。
 次に動作を説明する。
 ユーザに所定の感性を想起させるため、まず、感性選択部100でユーザに想起させる感性を選択・設定して、感性情報aを周波数設定部300に出力する。感性の選択・設定は、自律的に行なってもよいし、外部からの入力に従って行なってもよい。
 次に、感性情報aを受けた周波数設定部300は、感性・周波数対応データ200を参照して、感性情報aに対応した周波数データbを振動駆動部400に出力する。
 最後に、この周波数データbを受けて振動駆動部400が駆動信号cを出力して、ユーザの指先に接触している触力覚提示デバイス500を周波数データbの周波数で正弦波駆動させる。その結果、提示装置は、ユーザに所定の感性を想起させる。
 ここで、感性・周波数対応データ200について、一例を説明する。
 図3は、ユーザが想起する感性と触力覚提示デバイス500の提示周波数との関係を、我々が心理評価実験によって求めた結果グラフである。図3の横軸は提示周波数である。図3の縦軸は、それぞれ「生物的−機械的」「柔らかい−固い」「暖かい−冷たい」という主観評定項目に対する7件法(4を中心として数値が大きく、あるいは小さくなるほどその感性が強く想起されている)による評価結果である。
 図3を参照すると、提示周波数が1Hz~2Hz付近では「生物的、柔らかい、暖かい」という感性が想起されることが読取れる。また、提示周波数50Hz程度以上では「機械的、固い、冷たい」という感性が想起されることが読取れる。また、提示周波数10Hz付近では、これらのどちらでもない中立的な感性が想起されることが読取れる。
 このように、触力覚提示デバイス500のような振動を確実に伝えられる形状の触力覚提示部では、ユーザに正弦波状に触力覚刺激を上記周波数帯で提示することで、「生物的、柔らかい、暖かい」、「機械的、固い、冷たい」を想起させられることを我々は見出している。また、この感性は、ユーザが知覚できる以上の刺激であれば、刺激の強度にはおおきく影響を受けない。
 上記から分かるように、触力覚提示デバイス500に適応させた駆動部に対しては、図3の結果グラフに基づくように、感性・周波数対応データ200を図4に示す対応関係としてあらかじめ設定すればよい。これにより、ユーザに想起させる感性である感性情報aが「生物的、柔らかい、暖かい」の場合には周波数データbは1.5Hzに設定される。同様に、感性情報aが「機械的、固い、冷たい」の場合には周波数データbは100Hzに設定される。同様に、感性情報aがこれらのどちらでもない中立的な感性の場合には周波数データbは10Hzに設定される。
 本提示装置は、例えば、ゲーム機や情報装置などに表示される各種の仮想キャラクタの実在感や魅力などを高めることに適用し得る。
 このような仮想キャラクタの現状としては、動物やロボット、また、現実には存在しない何なのかわからない物体など、様々なものが表示されて使用されている。しかし、ユーザは視聴覚情報のみでしか仮想キャラクタを知覚できない。
 そこで、本実施例を適用し、仮想キャラクタを表示するとともに触力覚提示デバイス500でユーザに正弦波刺激を提示する。
 このとき、各仮想キャラクタの特徴に合わせて触力覚提示デバイス500で提示する振動の周波数を変更する。例えば動物であれば「生物的、柔らかい、暖かい」の感性を想起させる1.5Hz程度の周波数で、ユーザに正弦波刺激を提示することとすればよい。同様に、ロボットであれば「機械的、固い、冷たい」の感性を想起させる100Hz程度で、ユーザに正弦波刺激を提示することとすればよい。同様に、何なのかわからない物体であれば「生物的でも機械的でもない中立的な感性」を想起させる10Hz程度でユーザに正弦波刺激を提示することとすればよい。このように、キャラクタに合わせて、提示する周波数を切り替えればよい。また、キャラクタの変化に合わせて、提示する周波数を切り替えることを行ってもよい。
 これにより、ユーザは各周波数に対応した感性を想起することになるため、仮想キャラクタ毎に実在感や魅力などを高めることができる。
 なお、ユーザの想起感性と提示する周波数との対応は図4に示したものに限定するものではない。また、図3の評価結果グラフから明らかなように、各感性を想起させる周波数はある程度の幅を有している。そのため、対応する周波数はその範囲で設定してかまわない。また、振動からの感性の想起には個人差もあるため、例えば±5%や±10%、±15%、±20%、±所定Hzのように補正部を設けてもよい。同様に、触力覚提示部とユーザとの関係で補正部を設けてもよい。また、振動を与える部位毎に感性に対応させた周波数を調整してもよい。例えば、駆動部は、ユーザの振動を受ける部位毎に所定の補正値を加える又はかけ加えると共に、想起させたい感性毎に部位の補正値とは異なる別の補正値を加える又はかけ加えて、触力覚提示部を振動させるようにしても良い。加えて、触力覚提示部及びユーザへの与振動を検出する検出部を設けてもよい。検出部では、触力覚提示部の振動、ユーザの被振動、又はその両方を検出すればよい。補正部は、その検出結果に基づいて、ユーザへの与振動の検出値に基づき補正値を加える又はかけ加えて、触力覚提示部を振動させるようにしてよい。この際、部位毎や周波数毎(感性毎)に与振動と被振動の伝達関数を記憶して利用してもよい。また、ユーザ自らが触力覚提示部の振動を調節できるようにしてよい。これら補正部及び検出部を設けた提示装置を図5に例示する。このように、触力覚提示部の振動に対して複数の異なる観点で補正を加えることで、ユーザごと、部位ごとなどで適切に補正を行えるようにでき、万人に同様の感性を提示することが可能となる。また、想起させる感性も上記に限定されるものではなく、心理評価実験などにより所望の想起感性と提示周波数や振動波形との対応を実装すれば多くの感性について表現できる。
 また、触力覚提示デバイス500による刺激提示の部位は指先に限定するものではなく、掌や甲、手首、手全体、首、耳など、他の身体部位でもよい。
Next, the present invention will be described by way of examples.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of the presentation device according to the first embodiment.
The presentation device shown in FIG. 2 includes a drive unit and a haptic sense presentation unit.
The drive unit selects and sets the sensitivity to be recalled by the user, outputs the sensitivity information a, and the correspondence between the presentation frequency and the sensitivity that is recalled by the user in response to the sensitivity information a is recorded in advance. The frequency setting unit 300 that outputs the frequency data b corresponding to the sensitivity information a with reference to the sensitivity / frequency correspondence data 200, and the drive signal c that receives the frequency data b and is a sine wave at the frequency of the frequency data b The vibration drive part 400 which outputs is included.
The tactile sensation presentation unit is in contact with the user's fingertip, receives the drive signal c, and causes the tactile force to present the tactile sensation to the user by moving the protrusion up and down in a sine wave shape at the frequency of the frequency data b. The sense presentation device 500 is in charge.
Next, the operation will be described.
In order to remind the user of a predetermined sensibility, the sensibility selection unit 100 first selects and sets the sensibility to be recalled by the user, and outputs the sensitivity information a to the frequency setting unit 300. Sensitivity selection / setting may be performed autonomously or in accordance with external input.
Next, the frequency setting unit 300 that has received the sensitivity information a refers to the sensitivity / frequency correspondence data 200 and outputs the frequency data b corresponding to the sensitivity information a to the vibration driving unit 400.
Finally, the vibration drive unit 400 receives the frequency data b and outputs a drive signal c to drive the haptic sense presentation device 500 that is in contact with the user's fingertip at a frequency of the frequency data b. As a result, the presentation device reminds the user of a predetermined sensitivity.
Here, an example of the sensitivity / frequency correspondence data 200 will be described.
FIG. 3 is a result graph in which we obtained a relationship between the sensitivity recalled by the user and the presentation frequency of the haptic sense presentation device 500 through a psychological evaluation experiment. The horizontal axis in FIG. 3 is the presentation frequency. The vertical axis in FIG. 3 represents the seven methods for the subjective assessment items of “biological-mechanical”, “soft-hard”, and “warm-cold”, respectively. Is the evaluation result.
Referring to FIG. 3, it can be read that a sensitivity of “biological, soft, warm” is recalled when the presentation frequency is around 1 Hz to 2 Hz. Further, it can be read that a sensitivity of “mechanical, hard, cold” is recalled at a presentation frequency of about 50 Hz or higher. Moreover, it can be read that neutral sensitivity that is neither of these is recalled in the vicinity of the presentation frequency of 10 Hz.
As described above, the haptic sense presentation unit having a shape capable of reliably transmitting vibration like the haptic sense presentation device 500 presents the haptic sense stimulus in a sinusoidal manner to the user in the above-described frequency band. We have found that “soft, warm” and “mechanical, hard, cold” can be recalled. In addition, this sensitivity is not greatly affected by the intensity of the stimulus as long as it is a stimulus that can be perceived by the user.
As can be seen from the above, for the drive unit adapted to the haptic sense presentation device 500, the sensitivity / frequency correspondence data 200 is preset as the correspondence shown in FIG. 4, as shown in the result graph of FIG. That's fine. As a result, when the sensitivity information a, which is the sensitivity evoked by the user, is “biological, soft, warm”, the frequency data b is set to 1.5 Hz. Similarly, when the sensitivity information a is “mechanical, hard, cold”, the frequency data b is set to 100 Hz. Similarly, when the sensitivity information a is a neutral sensitivity that is neither of these, the frequency data b is set to 10 Hz.
The present presentation device can be applied to, for example, enhancing the sense of reality and attractiveness of various virtual characters displayed on a game machine, an information device, or the like.
As the current state of such virtual characters, various things such as animals, robots, and objects that do not exist in reality are displayed and used. However, the user can perceive a virtual character only with audiovisual information.
Therefore, this embodiment is applied to display a virtual character and present a sine wave stimulus to the user with the haptic sense presentation device 500.
At this time, the frequency of the vibration presented by the haptic sense presentation device 500 is changed according to the characteristics of each virtual character. For example, in the case of an animal, a sinusoidal stimulus may be presented to the user at a frequency of about 1.5 Hz, which reminds the sense of “biological, soft, warm”. Similarly, in the case of a robot, a sine wave stimulus may be presented to the user at about 100 Hz, which recalls the sensitivity of “mechanical, hard, and cold”. Similarly, a sine wave stimulus may be presented to the user at about 10 Hz, which is reminiscent of “neutral sensibility that is neither biological nor mechanical” if the object is unknown. Thus, what is necessary is just to switch the frequency to show according to a character. Moreover, you may switch the frequency to show according to the change of a character.
Thereby, since the user will recall the sensitivity corresponding to each frequency, it is possible to enhance the sense of reality, attractiveness, etc. for each virtual character.
The correspondence between the user's recall and the presented frequency is not limited to that shown in FIG. Further, as is apparent from the evaluation result graph of FIG. 3, the frequencies that recall each sensitivity have a certain range. Therefore, the corresponding frequency may be set within the range. Further, since there are individual differences in sensitivity recall from vibration, a correction unit may be provided, for example, ± 5%, ± 10%, ± 15%, ± 20%, or ± predetermined Hz. Similarly, you may provide a correction | amendment part by the relationship between a tactile-force sense presentation part and a user. Moreover, you may adjust the frequency corresponding to the sensitivity for every site | part which gives a vibration. For example, the drive unit adds or applies a predetermined correction value for each part that receives the user's vibration, and adds or adds another correction value different from the part correction value for each sensitivity to be recalled. You may make it vibrate a force sense presentation part. In addition, a tactile sensation presentation unit and a detection unit that detects vibration applied to the user may be provided. The detection unit may detect the vibration of the tactile sense presentation unit, the vibration of the user, or both. Based on the detection result, the correction unit may add or apply a correction value based on the detection value of the vibration applied to the user to vibrate the haptic sense presentation unit. At this time, the transfer functions of the applied vibration and the vibration may be stored and used for each part or for each frequency (for each sensitivity). Further, the user may be able to adjust the vibration of the tactile sensation presentation unit. A presentation device provided with these correction units and detection units is illustrated in FIG. As described above, by correcting the vibration of the tactile sensation presentation unit from a plurality of different viewpoints, it is possible to appropriately perform correction for each user, for each part, etc., and to present the same sensitivity to everyone. It becomes possible. In addition, the sensibility to be recalled is not limited to the above, and many sensibilities can be expressed by implementing the correspondence between the desired recall sensibility and the presentation frequency or vibration waveform through psychological evaluation experiments or the like.
Further, the part of the stimulus presentation by the haptic sense presentation device 500 is not limited to the fingertip, and may be other body parts such as the palm, the back, the wrist, the whole hand, the neck, and the ear.
 次に、コミュニケーションシステムの一実施例を説明する。
 図6は、提示装置を用いたコミュニケーションシステムの一実施例の構成を示すブロック図である。
 図6に示すコミュニケーションシステムは、通信手段800を介した双方の提示装置で構成される。それぞれの提示装置は、ユーザがコミュニケーションの開始/提示を指示する作動スイッチ600と、作動スイッチ600からのON/OFF信号dを受けて、作動スイッチ600がONになっている間、触力覚提示動作を有効にする駆動命令信号eを出力する駆動指示部700と、通信手段800にて伝達された駆動命令信号eを受けて、あらかじめ決められた周波数の正弦波である固定周期駆動信号fを出力する固定周期駆動部900と、ユーザの指先に接触しており、固定周期駆動信号fを受けて、あらかじめ決められた周波数で突起体を正弦波状に上下させることでユーザに触力覚刺激を提示する触力覚提示デバイス500とを含んで構成される。双方の提示装置は、コミュニケーション相手側と通信手段800を介して駆動命令信号eを互いに通知しあい、相手に想起させる感性を伝達する。駆動命令信号eは、振動させる周波数でもよいし、想起させたい感性でもよい。
 なお、コミュニケーションを双方向に行うため、上記の各構成要素はコミュニケーションを行う2人のユーザそれぞれの側にそれぞれ設置されている。無論、一方向のみに感性を伝達するように構成してもよい。
 次に動作を説明する。
 ユーザがコミュニケーションを行う場合、まず、作動スイッチ600をONにして、駆動指示部700から駆動命令信号eを出力させる。
 次に、駆動命令信号eは、通信手段800により、コミュニケーション相手側に設置された固定周期駆動部900に伝達される。
 最後に、この駆動命令信号eを受けて固定周期駆動部900が固定周期駆動信号fを出力し、ユーザの指先に接触している触力覚提示デバイス500をあらかじめ決められた周波数で正弦波駆動させることで、相手側ユーザへ触力覚コミュニケーションを行う。
 上記実施例のコミュニケーションシステムは、ユーザが伝達したいと思う感性を伝え合える触力覚コミュニケーション手段を提供することを目的としている。
 そこでまずは、触力覚コミュニケーションにおいてユーザが伝達したい感性とはどのようなものなのか、ということを知る必要がある。
 また、ユーザの育った文化環境に合わせて感性・周波数対応データを準備して、ユーザ毎に選択可能とする手段を設けてもよい。文化環境は、例えば、言語や滞在国、その組み合わせなどに合わせて選択すればよい。文化環境は、インターネットなどによって集合知としてサーバなどに収集することとしてもよい。このようにすれば、異なる文化圏であっても感性を通知しあうことが容易になる。例えば、異なる文化圏から感性を通知する際に、コミュニケーションシステム内で同様の感性となるように提示すべき周波数を変更する変換サーバを設けることで実現できる。無論、提示装置内で、相手文化環境を示すデータを受け付けて、相手から受け付けた感性を、ユーザに提示すべき感性に合わせた周波数で提示することとしてもよい。
 図7は、触力覚を伴ういわゆるスキンシップコミュニケーションにおいてユーザが伝達を望む感性を、我々が日本国内で統計的に調査、分析した結果グラフである。この結果、我々は、ユーザが通信手段を介して最も伝達を望む感性が「暖かい」という感性であることを既に見出している。(非特許文献1参照)
 すなわち、「暖かい」という感性を、上記固定周期として設定した装置を提供することで、ユーザが伝達したいと思う感性を伝え合える有力な触力覚コミュニケーションシステムを提供できる。
 ユーザに「暖かい」の感性を想起させるには、実施例1で示した図3、図4から導き出せる、1Hz~2Hz付近の周波数で正弦波の触力覚刺激を提示すれば良い。
 そこで、本コミュニケーションシステムでは、固定周期駆動信号fのあらかじめ決められた周波数を、1.5Hzに設定する。すると、ユーザが作動スイッチ600をONにしている間、コミュニケーション相手に1.5Hzの正弦波で触力覚刺激が提示される。その結果、コミュニケーション相手側のユーザは「暖かい」の感性を想起することになる。
 この動作を双方向で行うことで、ユーザが伝達したいと思う「暖かい」の感性を伝え合うコミュニケーションが可能となる。
 無論、作動スイッチ600を増やすと共に固定周期駆動部900を増やして、「冷たい」や「無神経な」という感性も伝達及び表現できるようにしてもよい。また、固定周期駆動部900に変えて、触力覚提示デバイス500を駆動させる周波数を選択的に指定できる指定周期駆動部を設け、上記複数の感性を表現できるようにしてもよい。この際、駆動部は、感性・周波数対応データから読み出して振動させる周波数を決定することとしてもよい。また、他の感性を伝える際も同様にすればよい。
 無論、上記説明のように補正部や検出部を組み合わせて設けてもよい。
 また、駆動部は、ユーザの身体を所要の提示周波数で振動させればよく、提示周波数と異なる周波数を用いて、ユーザに与振動を加えてもよい。ここでの異なる周波数とは、結果的にユーザの身体を提示周波数で振動させる周波数であればどの様な周波数でもよい。
 以上説明したように、本発明を適用した提示装置は、ユーザに振動による触力覚刺激を提示して、該ユーザに様々な感性を想起させることができる。
 また、コミュニケーションシステムが本提示装置を具備することで、ユーザが伝達したいと考える感性を遠隔地に伝達することが可能となる。
 なお、本発明の具体的な構成や周波数は前述の実施形態および実施例に限られるものではなく、この発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲の変更があっても本発明に含まれる。
 本コミュニケーションシステムは、携帯電話でのコミュニケーションやパーソナルコンピュータを用いたチャットなど、様々な通信手段を介した遠隔コミュニケーション機器に適用が可能である。
 また、本発明に係る提示装置は、マウスやキーボード、タッチパネル、めがね、筆記具、腕時計、ロボットハンドなどに組み込んで使用可能である。
 また、コンピュータを用いた仮想空間や拡張現実空間、ゲーム内に存在する対象物、遠隔地に実在する対象物から受ける感性を表現する提示装置に使用可能である。これによれば、コンピュータ上に表示された非生命体や無機物に対して生きていて温もりを有しているように知覚させるようなことが可能となる。また、ゲーム内のアイテムや、電子的に配布されるクーポン、ネット空間で提供されるサービスなどにも様々な知覚させる感性を付与できる。
 この出願は、2010年12月3日に出願された日本出願特願2010−269974号を基礎とする優先権を主張し、その開示の全てをここに取り込む。
Next, an embodiment of a communication system will be described.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an embodiment of a communication system using a presentation device.
The communication system shown in FIG. 6 includes both presentation devices via communication means 800. Each presentation device receives an activation switch 600 for instructing the start / presentation of communication by the user, and an ON / OFF signal d from the activation switch 600. In response to the drive instruction signal 700 that outputs the drive command signal e for enabling the operation and the drive command signal e transmitted by the communication means 800, a fixed cycle drive signal f that is a sine wave of a predetermined frequency is obtained. The fixed-period drive unit 900 to be output is in contact with the user's fingertip, receives the fixed-period drive signal f, and raises and lowers the protrusions in a sine wave shape at a predetermined frequency, thereby stimulating the haptic stimulus to the user. And a haptic sense presentation device 500 to be presented. Both presentation devices notify each other of the drive command signal e via the communication partner side and the communication means 800, and transmit the sensibility to remind the other party. The drive command signal e may be a frequency to be oscillated or a sensitivity to be recalled.
In addition, in order to perform communication bidirectionally, each component described above is installed on each side of two users who perform communication. Of course, you may comprise so that sensitivity may be transmitted only to one direction.
Next, the operation will be described.
When the user performs communication, first, the operation switch 600 is turned on, and the drive command signal e is output from the drive instruction unit 700.
Next, the drive command signal e is transmitted by the communication means 800 to the fixed cycle drive unit 900 installed on the communication partner side.
Finally, in response to this drive command signal e, the fixed period drive unit 900 outputs a fixed period drive signal f, and the haptic sense presentation device 500 that is in contact with the user's fingertip is driven with a sine wave at a predetermined frequency. By doing so, haptic communication is performed to the other user.
An object of the communication system of the above-described embodiment is to provide a tactile force sense communication means that can convey the sensibility that the user wants to transmit.
First of all, it is necessary to know what kind of sensibility the user wants to transmit in haptic communication.
In addition, sensitivity / frequency correspondence data may be prepared in accordance with the cultural environment where the user grew up, and a means for enabling selection for each user may be provided. The cultural environment may be selected according to, for example, the language, the country of stay, or a combination thereof. The cultural environment may be collected on a server or the like as collective intelligence via the Internet or the like. In this way, it becomes easy to communicate sensibilities even in different cultural spheres. For example, it can be realized by providing a conversion server that changes the frequency to be presented so as to have the same sensitivity in the communication system when the sensitivity is notified from different cultural spheres. Of course, in the presentation device, data indicating the partner's cultural environment may be received, and the sensitivity received from the partner may be presented at a frequency that matches the sensitivity to be presented to the user.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the results of our statistical survey and analysis in Japan of the sensibility that the user desires to transmit in so-called skinship communication with tactile sensation. As a result, we have already found that the sensibility that the user most desires to transmit via the communication means is the sensibility that it is “warm”. (See Non-Patent Document 1)
That is, by providing a device in which the sensitivity of “warm” is set as the fixed period, it is possible to provide a powerful haptic communication system that can communicate the sensitivity that the user wants to transmit.
In order to remind the user of the “warm” sensibility, a sine wave haptic stimulus may be presented at a frequency in the vicinity of 1 Hz to 2 Hz, which can be derived from FIGS. 3 and 4 shown in the first embodiment.
Therefore, in this communication system, the predetermined frequency of the fixed period drive signal f is set to 1.5 Hz. Then, while the user turns on the operation switch 600, a tactile force stimulus is presented to the communication partner with a sine wave of 1.5 Hz. As a result, the user on the other end of the communication recalls a “warm” sensitivity.
By performing this operation in both directions, it is possible to communicate with each other to convey the “warm” sensibility that the user wants to transmit.
Of course, the number of the operation switches 600 and the fixed period driving unit 900 may be increased so that the sensitivity of “cold” or “insensitive” can be transmitted and expressed. Moreover, it may replace with the fixed period drive part 900, and the designation | designated period drive part which can selectively designate the frequency which drives the tactile-force sensation presentation device 500 may be provided, and it may be made to express said several sensitivity. At this time, the drive unit may read the sensitivity / frequency correspondence data and determine the frequency to be vibrated. The same may be done when conveying other sensibilities.
Of course, as described above, a correction unit and a detection unit may be provided in combination.
Moreover, the drive part should just vibrate a user's body with a required presentation frequency, and may add a vibration to a user using a frequency different from a presentation frequency. The different frequency here may be any frequency as long as it results in vibration of the user's body at the presentation frequency.
As described above, the presentation device to which the present invention is applied can present the user with tactile sensation stimulation by vibration, and remind the user of various sensibilities.
In addition, since the communication system includes the presenting device, it is possible to transmit the sensitivity that the user wants to transmit to a remote place.
It should be noted that the specific configuration and frequency of the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments and examples, and modifications within a range not departing from the gist of the present invention are included in the present invention.
This communication system can be applied to remote communication devices through various communication means such as communication using a mobile phone or chat using a personal computer.
In addition, the presentation device according to the present invention can be used by being incorporated in a mouse, keyboard, touch panel, glasses, writing instrument, wristwatch, robot hand, or the like.
Further, the present invention can be used for a presentation device that expresses sensibility received from a virtual space or augmented reality space using a computer, an object existing in a game, or an object actually existing in a remote place. According to this, it is possible to perceive a non-living object or inorganic substance displayed on a computer as if it is alive and warm. In addition, various sensibility can be given to items in the game, electronically distributed coupons, services provided in the net space, and the like.
This application claims the priority on the basis of Japanese application Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-269974 for which it applied on December 3, 2010, and takes in those the indications of all here.
1  ・・・ 提示装置
10 ・・・ 触力覚提示部(触力覚提示手段)
20 ・・・ 駆動部(駆動手段)
100・・・ 感性選択部(感性選択手段)
200・・・ 感性・周波数対応データ
300・・・ 周波数設定部(周波数設定手段)
400・・・ 振動駆動部(振動駆動手段)
500・・・ 触力覚提示デバイス
600・・・ 作動スイッチ
700・・・ 駆動指示部(駆動指示手段)
800・・・ 通信手段
900・・・ 固定周期駆動部(固定周期駆動手段)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Presentation apparatus 10 ... Tactile force sense presentation part (tactile force sense presentation means)
20... Drive unit (drive means)
100 ... Sensitivity selection unit (sensitivity selection means)
200 ... Sensitivity / frequency correspondence data 300 ... Frequency setting section (frequency setting means)
400... Vibration drive unit (vibration drive means)
500 ... Tactile sensation presentation device 600 ... Actuation switch 700 ... Drive instruction section (drive instruction means)
800... Communication means 900... Fixed period drive unit (fixed period drive means)

Claims (23)

  1.  振動することによってユーザに触力覚刺激を提示する触力覚提示部と、前記触力覚提示部を所定周波数で振動させる駆動部とを含み構成され、
     前記駆動部は、前記触力覚提示部を、前記ユーザに想起させたい感性に対応させた周波数(提示周波数)で、振動させる
    ことを特徴とする提示装置。
    A tactile force sense presentation unit that presents a tactile force sense stimulus to the user by vibrating, and a drive unit that vibrates the tactile force sense presentation unit at a predetermined frequency.
    The said drive part vibrates the said tactile-force sense presentation part with the frequency (presentation frequency) matched with the sensitivity which the said user wants to recall.
  2.  請求項1記載の提示装置であって、
     前記駆動部は、前記触力覚提示部を、前記ユーザに想起させたい複数の感性に対応させた周波数で振動するように、選択された周波数で駆動する
    ことを特徴とする提示装置。
    The presentation device according to claim 1,
    The driving device drives the tactile sensation presentation unit at a selected frequency so as to vibrate at a frequency corresponding to a plurality of sensibilities desired to be recalled by the user.
  3.  請求項2記載の提示装置であって、
     想起させたい感性は、当該感性と前記駆動部を動かす周波数とを対応させた対応データ(感性・周波数対応データ)から読み出すことによって選択される
    ことを特徴とする提示装置。
    The presentation device according to claim 2,
    The sensibility to be recalled is selected by reading out correspondence data (sensitivity / frequency correspondence data) in which the sensitivity and the frequency for moving the drive unit are associated with each other.
  4.  請求項3記載の提示装置であって、
     前記駆動部は、接続された情報処理装置から、想起させたい感性を示す指示、若しくは振動させる周波数を示す指示を受け、受けた指示に従い前記触力覚提示部を対応する周波数で振動させる
    ことを特徴とする提示装置。
    A presentation device according to claim 3, wherein
    The drive unit receives an instruction indicating a sensitivity to be recalled or an instruction indicating a frequency to vibrate from a connected information processing apparatus, and causes the haptic sense presentation unit to vibrate at a corresponding frequency according to the received instruction. Feature presentation device.
  5.  請求項4記載の提示装置であって、
     前記駆動部の動作を補正する補正部を含むことを特徴とする提示装置。
    The presentation device according to claim 4,
    A presentation device comprising: a correction unit that corrects the operation of the drive unit.
  6.  請求項4記載の提示装置であって、
     前記触力覚提示部の振動を計測する検出部と、
     前記検出部の計測データと想起させたい感性に基づいて、前記駆動部の動作を制御する補正部と
    を有する
    ことを特徴とする提示装置。
    The presentation device according to claim 4,
    A detection unit for measuring vibration of the tactile sensation presentation unit;
    A presentation device, comprising: a correction unit that controls the operation of the drive unit based on measurement data of the detection unit and sensitivity to be recalled.
  7.  請求項4記載の提示装置であって、
     ユーザの前記触力覚提示部から受けた振動を計測する検出部と、
     前記検出部の計測データと想起させたい感性に基づいて、前記駆動部の動作を制御する補正部と
    を有する
    ことを特徴とする提示装置。
    The presentation device according to claim 4,
    A detection unit that measures vibration received from the tactile sense presentation unit of the user;
    A presentation device, comprising: a correction unit that controls the operation of the drive unit based on measurement data of the detection unit and sensitivity to be recalled.
  8.  請求項1ないし請求項7の何れか一項に記載の提示装置であって、
     前記触力覚提示部は、ユーザの身体への接触部分を凹凸させることでユーザに触力覚刺激を提示し、
     前記駆動部は、前記触力覚提示部を所定周波数で正弦波駆動させる
    ことを特徴とする提示装置。
    A presentation device according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
    The tactile sensation presentation unit presents tactile sensation stimulation to the user by making the contact part of the user's body uneven.
    The driving device causes the haptic sense presentation unit to drive a sine wave at a predetermined frequency.
  9.  請求項1ないし請求項8の何れか一項に記載の提示装置であって、
     前記感性・周波数対応データは、
     ユーザが想起するだろう感性が「生物的、柔らかい、暖かい」の何れかまたはその複合である場合に、振動させる周波数を1Hzから2Hz近傍に、
     ユーザが想起するだろう感性が「機械的、固い、冷たい」の何れかまたはその複合である場合に、振動する周波数を50Hz近傍以上に、
     ユーザが想起するだろう感性が上記に含まれない中立的な感性の場合には周波数は10Hz程度の中間の周波数帯に対応付けられている
    ことを特徴とする提示装置。
    A presentation device according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
    The sensitivity / frequency correspondence data is
    When the sensibility that the user will recall is “biological, soft, warm” or a combination thereof, the frequency to vibrate is from 1 Hz to around 2 Hz,
    When the sensibility that the user will recall is either “mechanical, hard, cold” or a combination thereof, the vibration frequency is about 50 Hz or higher,
    A presentation device characterized in that, in the case of a neutral sensibility that does not include the sensibility that the user will recall, the frequency is associated with an intermediate frequency band of about 10 Hz.
  10.  請求項1ないし請求項9のいずれか一項に記載の提示装置を相互のユーザ側に具備しており、一方のユーザ側の触力覚提示部を振動させる周波数を、他のユーザ側からの伝達したい感性の指定に基づき制御する
    ことを特徴とするコミュニケーションシステム。
    The presentation device according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is provided on a mutual user side, and a frequency for vibrating a haptic sense presentation unit on one user side is set from another user side. A communication system that is controlled based on the designation of the sensibility to be transmitted.
  11.  請求項10記載のコミュニケーションシステムであって、
     相互の提示装置は通信ネットワークを介して接続されている
    ことを特徴とするコミュニケーションシステム。
    The communication system according to claim 10, wherein
    A communication system, wherein the mutual presentation devices are connected via a communication network.
  12.  請求項10又は11記載のコミュニケーションシステムであって、
     一方の提示装置は、相手提示装置に、想起させたい感性を通知し、
     前記相手提示装置は、通知を受けた感性に基づいて感性・周波数対応データから読み出して触力覚提示部を振動させる
    ことを特徴とするコミュニケーションシステム。
    The communication system according to claim 10 or 11,
    One presentation device notifies the other presentation device of the sensibility to be recalled,
    The partner presentation device reads out sensitivity / frequency correspondence data based on the notified sensitivity and vibrates the tactile sense presentation unit.
  13.  物体を振動することによってユーザに触力覚刺激を提示する時に、前記触力覚刺激を予め定めたユーザに想起させたい感性に対応付けられた所定周波数(提示周波数)の振動を与えるように前記物体を駆動部によって振動させて提示する
    ことを特徴とする感性提示方法。
    When presenting a haptic stimulus to a user by vibrating an object, the haptic stimulus is given a vibration of a predetermined frequency (presentation frequency) associated with a sensitivity that the user wants to recall. A method for presenting sensibility, characterized in that an object is presented by being vibrated by a drive unit.
  14.  請求項13記載の感性提示方法であって、
     前記駆動部は、前記物体を、前記ユーザに想起させたい複数の感性に対応させた周波数で振動するように、選択された周波数で駆動する
    ことを特徴とする感性提示方法。
    The sensitivity presentation method according to claim 13,
    The sensibility presentation method, wherein the drive unit drives the object at a selected frequency so as to vibrate at a frequency corresponding to a plurality of sensibilities desired to be recalled by the user.
  15.  請求項14記載の感性提示方法であって、
     想起させたい感性は、当該感性と前記駆動部を動かす周波数とを対応させた対応データ(感性・周波数対応データ)から読み出すことによって選択される
    ことを特徴とする感性提示方法。
    The sensitivity presentation method according to claim 14,
    The sensitivity presenting method is characterized in that the sensitivity to be recalled is selected by reading from correspondence data (sensitivity / frequency correspondence data) in which the sensitivity and the frequency for moving the drive unit are associated with each other.
  16.  請求項15記載の感性提示方法であって、
     前記駆動部は、接続された情報処理装置から、想起させたい感性を示す指示、若しくは振動させる周波数を示す指示を受け、受けた指示に従い前記物体を対応する周波数で振動させる
    ことを特徴とする感性提示方法。
    The sensitivity presentation method according to claim 15,
    The drive unit receives an instruction indicating a sensitivity to be recalled or an instruction indicating a frequency to vibrate from a connected information processing apparatus, and vibrates the object at a corresponding frequency according to the received instruction. Presentation method.
  17.  請求項13ないし請求項16の何れか一項に記載の感性提示方法であって、
     前記駆動部は、前記物体を所定周波数で正弦波駆動させる
    ことを特徴とする感性提示方法。
    The sensitivity presentation method according to any one of claims 13 to 16, comprising:
    The sensibility presentation method, wherein the drive unit drives the object at a predetermined frequency with a sine wave.
  18.  請求項13ないし請求項17の何れか一項に記載の感性提示方法であって、
     前記駆動部は、前記物体として、ユーザの身体を提示周波数で振動させる
    ことを特徴とする感性提示方法。
    The sensitivity presentation method according to any one of claims 13 to 17,
    The sensation presentation method, wherein the drive unit vibrates the user's body at the presentation frequency as the object.
  19.  請求項13ないし請求項18の何れか一項に記載の感性提示方法であって、
     前記ユーザの身体の振動を計測する検出部と、前記検出部の計測データと想起させたい感性に基づいて、前記駆動部の動作を制御する補正部とを用いて、
     前記駆動部は、前記補正部による前記検出部の計測値に基づく補正を受けて、前記ユーザの身体を所要の提示周波数で振動させる
    ことを特徴とする感性提示方法。
    The sensitivity presentation method according to any one of claims 13 to 18, comprising:
    Using a detection unit that measures the vibration of the user's body, and a correction unit that controls the operation of the drive unit based on the measurement data of the detection unit and the sensibility to be recalled,
    The said drive part receives correction | amendment based on the measured value of the said detection part by the said correction | amendment part, and vibrates the said user's body with a required presentation frequency, The sensibility presentation method characterized by the above-mentioned.
  20.  請求項13ないし請求項19の何れか一項に記載の感性提示方法であって、
     前記駆動部は、提示周波数と異なる周波数を用いて、前記ユーザに与振動を加える
    ことを特徴とする感性提示方法。
    The sensitivity presentation method according to any one of claims 13 to 19,
    The sensibility presentation method, wherein the driving unit applies a vibration to the user using a frequency different from the presentation frequency.
  21.  請求項13ないし請求項20の何れか一項に記載の感性提示方法であって、
     文化環境毎の感性・周波数対応データを用いて、使用する感性・周波数対応データを選択された文化環境にあった感性に対応させた周波数で、触力覚刺激を提示する
    ことを特徴とする感性提示方法。
    The sensitivity presentation method according to any one of claims 13 to 20, comprising:
    Sensitivity characterized by presenting tactile sensation stimuli at a frequency corresponding to the sensitivity appropriate for the selected cultural environment using the sensitivity / frequency correspondence data for each cultural environment. Presentation method.
  22.  請求項21に記載の感性提示方法であって、
     文化環境毎の感性・周波数対応データをインターネットサーバから取得する
    ことを特徴とする感性提示方法。
    The sensitivity presentation method according to claim 21,
    Kansei presentation method characterized by acquiring sensitivity / frequency correspondence data for each cultural environment from an Internet server.
  23.  請求項21又は請求項22に記載の感性提示方法であって、
     通知する感性をインターネットサーバで変換する
    ことを特徴とする感性提示方法。
    The sensitivity presentation method according to claim 21 or claim 22, wherein
    A method of presenting sensibility, characterized in that sensibility to be notified is converted by an Internet server.
PCT/JP2011/076746 2010-12-03 2011-11-15 Presentation device, communication system, and method of presenting sensitivity WO2012073733A1 (en)

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