WO2012072331A2 - Procédé et système pour la cogénération de chaleur et d'électricité - Google Patents

Procédé et système pour la cogénération de chaleur et d'électricité Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012072331A2
WO2012072331A2 PCT/EP2011/068044 EP2011068044W WO2012072331A2 WO 2012072331 A2 WO2012072331 A2 WO 2012072331A2 EP 2011068044 W EP2011068044 W EP 2011068044W WO 2012072331 A2 WO2012072331 A2 WO 2012072331A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluid
fluid flow
flow channel
photovoltaic cell
light
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2011/068044
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2012072331A3 (fr
Inventor
Peeush Kumar Bishnoi
Ganapathi Subbu Sethuvenkatraman
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2012072331A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012072331A2/fr
Publication of WO2012072331A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012072331A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/40—Thermal components
    • H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0543—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the refractive type, e.g. lenses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/30—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/60—Thermal-PV hybrids

Definitions

  • a method and a system to co-generate heat and power The invention relates to a method and a system to co-generate heat and power. More specifically, the invention relates to a method and a system to co-generate heat and power using photovoltaic modules.
  • Photovoltaic modules are made up of an arrangement of optical elements and photovoltaic cells, so that a beam of sunlight gets focused on the photovoltaic cells when the beam of light falls onto the optical elements.
  • a smaller percent of incident solar energy converts into electric power due to the beam of light falling onto the photovoltaic cell and rest of the solar energy is converted into heat.
  • the heat so generated is of low grade and can be used only for
  • US Pat. 5269851 discloses a solar energy system that includes a primary concentrator, a receiver having a plurality of photovoltaic cells, and a pre-filter surrounding the receiver, wherein the pre-filter absorbs some of the radiation that is out of band with respect to the
  • photovoltaic cells may include a conduit for a cooling fluid .
  • the underlying idea of the invention is to co-generate heat and/or power controllably using solar energy of a direct beam of light by focusing the direct beam with the help of an optical element on to a photovoltaic module via a fluid flow channel variably disposed in path of the beam of light, so that the fluid flow channel is variable in a direction along the path of the beam of light to resultantly control the heat energy generated by said fluid or the electrical power produced by the photovoltaic cell, or both.
  • photovoltaic cell is a multi- unction photovoltaic cell. This improves power generation efficiency of the system and is capable of withstanding higher temperatures.
  • the system includes means for varying the focal length of the optical element to resultantly control the heat energy generated by said fluid or the electrical power produced by the photovoltaic cell, or both.
  • means for varying the focal length of the optical element to resultantly control the heat energy generated by said fluid or the electrical power produced by the photovoltaic cell, or both.
  • the focal length of the optical element is varied and hence making the control of heat and/or power generation efficient.
  • means for varying focal length of the optical element is a thermal control device, the thermal control device adapted to vary temperature of the optical element for varying focal property of the optical element. Varying the focal length by heating/cooling the optical element is easily implementable by utilizing the physical property of the optical element of differential refractive index at different temperature.
  • the fluid flow channel has a non-curvature geometry. This helps to keep the beam of light focused, as curvature geometry tends to change the point of focus of the beam of light.
  • the system includes a fluid feeder for feeding a fluid or a combination of the fluids from one or more fluid tanks having fluids of different heat absorption property into the fluid flow channel to resultantly control the heat energy generated by said fluid or the electrical power produced by the photovoltaic cell, or both.
  • a fluid feeder for feeding a fluid or a combination of the fluids from one or more fluid tanks having fluids of different heat absorption property into the fluid flow channel to resultantly control the heat energy generated by said fluid or the electrical power produced by the photovoltaic cell, or both.
  • the system includes a flow controller adapted to control volumetric flow rate of the fluid in the fluid flow channel to resultantly control the heat energy generated by said fluid or the electrical power produced by the photovoltaic cell, or both.
  • Volumetric flow control helps to keep an additional check on temperature of the fluid, as more will be the volumetric flow, lower will be the temperature of the fluid.
  • the focus of the light beam is varied by using fluids of different refractive indices flowing through said fluid flow channel. This helps to keep additional control on the electric power generation, as more the beam of light will be focused higher efficient would be the power generation by the system.
  • the system is included in a vapor absorption chiller, wherein the absorption chiller is operable by using heat energy generated by the fluid flow channel and electric power from the photovoltaic cell according to any of the preceding claims. This helps to run the chiller self-sustainably from the power and heat
  • FIG 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of a combined heat and power generation system using a photovoltaic module.
  • FIG 2 illustrates a graphical representation of temperature variation of fluid with respect to distance of the fluid flow channel from optical element for a given configuration.
  • FIG 3 illustrates a schematic diagram of the combined heat and power generation system using a plurality of pipes.
  • FIG 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of a vapor absorption chiller having the combined heat and power generation system having multiple photovoltaic modules.
  • FIG 5 illustrates a schematic diagram of the combined heat and power generation system using the photovoltaic module with a thermal control device controlling temperature of an optical element of the photovoltaic module.
  • FIG 6 shows a schematic diagram of the combined heat and power generation system having the optical element for line focusing the beam of light.
  • FIG 1 demonstrate a combined heat and power generation system 1 using solar energy of a beam of light 5, wherein the beam of light 5 enters into a photovoltaic module 2 via an optical element 4 to be focused onto a photovoltaic cell 3 for generating electrical power 6 and before reaching the
  • the beam of light 5 pass through a fluid flow channel 7 to heat fluid inside the fluid flow channel 7 to generate heat energy 8.
  • the heat energy 8 and/or power 6 generated by the system 1 is adapted to be controllable by varying the fluid flow channel 7 along a path of the beam of light 5 either towards the photovoltaic cell 3 to heat the fluid more or towards the optical element 4 to heat the fluid less .
  • the fluid flow channel 7 is variable by physically moving the channel 7 in a direction along said path of the focused beam.
  • the physical movement of the channel 7 is operated by utilizing mechanical mechanisms 18 of gear drives, levers, pulleys, or combination thereof or combination of any mechanisms which can move the channel 7 translational in a direction along said path of the focused beam.
  • the mechanical mechanisms 18 is controlled by a
  • thermometer 20 which controls the mechanical mechanisms 18 according to a signal received from a thermometer 20
  • the controller 19 is provided with the
  • thermometer 20 To decide for the amount of movement required on the basis of signal received from the thermometer 20.
  • a human interface can be provided in an
  • the user of the system 1 can additionally control the heat 8 and/or power 6 generation by providing ratio of heat 8 and power 6 required by him to be generated by the system 1.
  • a user of the system 1 manually utilizes the mechanical mechanism to move the channel 7 translational on a basis of signal received from the thermometer 20 without utilizing the controller 19.
  • the photovoltaic module contains a type of photovoltaic cell 3 which is multi- unction photovoltaic cell 3.
  • the multi- unction photovoltaic cell 3 increases the power generation efficiency of the system 1 with respect to the area of the photovoltaic cell 3 receiving the beam of the light 5.
  • the fluid flow channel 7 is made of transparent material, so that the beam of light 5 can reach to the photovoltaic cell 3 without loosing optical property of the beam of light 5.
  • the material need not be 100% transparent, rather the material can have translucency ratio which can be changeable due to change in temperature of the material.
  • the fluid flow channel 7 has non- curvature geometry like cuboids, cubical, elliptical, etc.
  • the non-curvature geometry helps to reduce the optical losses, so that the beam of light 5 reaches directly without power loss of the beam of light 5.
  • the photovoltaic module also contains heat sink 16 coupled to the photovoltaic cell 3 for receiving heat from the photovoltaic cell 3 generated due to receiving of the beam of light 5 by the photovoltaic cell 3.
  • the heat received by the heat sink 16 keeps the photovoltaic cell 3 cool, so that the photovoltaic cell 3 can efficiently convert solar power from the beam of the light 5 into the electric power 6.
  • the photovoltaic cell can be kept cool by flowing the fluid in circulation, so that when the fluid have generated heat energy and is cooled, than the fluid is flown conductively coupled to the photovoltaic cell 3 to receive heat from the photovoltaic cell 3 and than flowing through the fluid flow channel 7 to receive heat from the beam of light 5.
  • the photovoltaic cell 3 can be kept cool by receiving substantially most part of the heat by the fluid in the fluid flow channel 7, so that the heat received by the photovoltaic cell 3 do not lower the efficiency of the photovoltaic cell 3.
  • One possible way to receive more substantial heat from the beam of light 5 is by introducing high absorption liquid in the fluid flow channel 7.
  • An alternative way to increase absorption of heat by the fluid from the beam of light 5 is by adding absorbing dye to the fluid, or adding nano particles like graphite spheres, carbon nanotubes to the fluid, or using a absorbing phase change material that becomes transparent (for example by melting) once the required temperatures are reached, or combination thereof.
  • the fluid used inside the fluid flow channel 7 can be replaced by fluids of different refractive indices having a property to vary the focusing of the light beam 5.
  • the focus of the beam of the light 5 may change. So, to keep the focus of the beam of light 5 aligned to the photovoltaic cell 3, the fluid flowing in the fluid flow channel 7 can be changed to a fluid having such a refractive index which can again focus the light 5 to the photovoltaic cell 3 to generate electric power 6 efficiently by the photovoltaic cell 3.
  • the beam of light 5 may be de-focused by using same technique to introduce a fluid of refractive index, so that the beam of light 5 after passing through the flow channel 7 gets de-focused off the photovoltaic cell 3.
  • graphical representation of the temperature variation (T) of the fluid with respect to the distance (D) of the fluid flow channel 7 from the optical element 4 is represented by a line Z.
  • T temperature variation
  • D distance
  • Z graphical representation of the temperature variation (T) of the fluid with respect to the distance (D) of the fluid flow channel 7 from the optical element 4
  • the temperature of the fluid to which the fluid is heated up due to the solar energy of the beam of light 5 is less and when the fluid flow channel 7 is away from the optical element 4, the temperature of the fluid to which the fluid is heated up due to the solar energy of the beam of light 5 is more.
  • the temperature of 300° C is obtained by moving the fluid flow channel 7 at 400 mm from the optical element 4.
  • the temperature variation from 0° C and 600° C is interpolated with respect to the distance of the fluid flow channel 7 from the optical element 4 is from 0 mm to 600 mm and the interpolation is represented by line Z.
  • a plurality of fluid flow pipes 12 are installed in the direction of the path of the beam of light 5.
  • a selection 13 from plurality of fluid flow pipe is made and the fluid is flown through only the selection 13 of the fluid flow piper out of the plurality of the fluid flow pipes 12.
  • a change in selection 13 is made and accordingly the variation in the flow channel 7 is made.
  • the selection 13 is made from lower half of the pipes 12 and when less heat energy 8 is required to be made then the selection 13 is made from the upper half of the pipes 12.
  • Number of pipes 12 in the selection 13 also varies on the basis of heat absorption requirement of the beam of the light 5 before the beam of light 5 reached the photovoltaic cell 3. If more heat is absorbed from the beam of light 5 before the beam reaches the photovoltaic cell 3, the photovoltaic cell 3 can be kept cool and hence efficiency of the photovoltaic cell 3 to generate the electric power 6 from the beam of light 5 can be
  • the controller 19 varies the flow channel 7 by changing the selection of pipes 13 in spite of physically moving the fluid flow channel 7.
  • the generation system 1 comprising multiple photovoltaic modules 2 inter-connected either in parallel and/or series with each other and the fluid flow channel 7 is having a geometry according to the pattern of interconnection of modules, so that same fluid flow channel is used to flow the fluid to receive heat from all the photovoltaic modules 2.
  • the system 1 is included in a vapor absorption chiller 14, so that the heat energy 8 and power 6 generated by the combined heat energy and electric power generation system 1 is used to run the vapor absorption chiller 14.
  • the power 6 generated by the photovoltaic cell 3 of the modules 2 can be used for the purpose of tracking devices, moving the fluid flow channel 7, operating mechanical pumps and controllers, etc. while the heat energy 8 generated by the fluid inside the fluid flow channel 7 is utilized by the vapor absorption chiller 14 to generate energy to drive cooling process of the vapor
  • the combined heat and generation system 1 is also coupled to a fluid feeder 10 to feed fluids from two tanks 15 having liquids of different absorption property for heat received from the beam of light 5.
  • a fluid feeder 10 to feed fluids from two tanks 15 having liquids of different absorption property for heat received from the beam of light 5.
  • either of the two liquids can be flown through the flow channel 7 via the feeder 10.
  • the fluids in the two tanks 15 are immiscible and the fluids can be flown through the flow channel 7 as a mixture in a ratio according to the heat energy 8 required to be generated by the combined power and heat generation system 1.
  • the system 1 can be coupled to a plurality of tanks 15 having fluids with different absorption property and fluid from a particular tank 15 from the plurality can be selected on basis of heat energy 8 required to be generated by the combined heat and power generation system 1. Still alternatively, in spite of two tanks 15, there will be one tank 15 with the fluid and one source of material which can increase heat absorption property of the fluid, and as heat energy 8 is required to be generated by the heat and power generation system 1, the material in that ratio can be added to the fluid to increase the heat absorption property of the fluid.
  • the combined heat and power generation system 1 includes a flow controller 11 which is coupled to the fluid flow channel 7 to control volumetric flow rate of the fluid into the channel 7 to resultantly control the electrical power 6 produced by the photovoltaic cell 3 or the heat energy generated by said fluid, or both.
  • the flow controller 11 also works as selection valve for selecting the fluids from the two tanks 15 and mixing valve for the fluids from the two tanks 15 in a desired ratio as required.
  • the optical element 4 of the system 1 is coupled to a thermal control device 9 for varying focal length of the optical element 4 by varying temperature of the optical element 4 for varying focal property of the optical element 4.
  • the optical property changes due to change in the refractive index of the optical element 4.
  • focal length of the optical element 4 can be shifted away from the photovoltaic cell 3 onto the fluid flow channel 7 to maximize heat energy 8 generation by the system 1.
  • the beam of light 5 being defocused from the focal length still reaches the cell surface generating electricity.
  • the lens can be cooled to shift the focal length onto the cell surface. The process of heating and cooling is
  • the thermal control device 9 is coupled to the optical element 4 to vary temperature of the optical element 4 by heating or cooling the optical element 4 according to heat energy 8 generation or electric power 6 requirements to be fulfilled by the system 1.
  • the focal length of the optical element 4 can be varied by changing other physical properties of the optical element 4 like stretching the optical element 4 physically or by overlaying a layer of different optical element 4 with a different refractive index or any such way so that resultantly the focal length of the optical element 4 changes.
  • the combined heat and energy generation system 1 having optical element 4 for line focusing the beam of light 5 onto the photovoltaic cell 3.
  • the photovoltaic cell 3 is having a shape elongated with respect to a line of focus 18 of the optical element 4.
  • the beam of light 5 gets focused on the photovoltaic cell 4 along the line of focus 18 for generating the electric power.
  • the beam of light 5 passes through the fluid flow channel 7 to heat the fluid, so that fluid generates heat energy.
  • a series of photovoltaic cells 3 can be placed along the line of focus to collectively generate the electric power.
  • the fluid flow channel 7 is oriented in parallel to the line of focus 18 to receive the heat from the beam of light 5.
  • a series of fluid flow channels 7 are oriented at an angle other than 0 or 180 degree to the line of focus 18 of the beam of light 5, so that the fluid inside each of the fluid flow channels 7 is heated to produce heat energy.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Un système de génération combinée de chaleur et d'électricité comprend un module photovoltaïque (2) doté d'une cellule photovoltaïque (3) et d'un élément optique (4) servant à focaliser un faisceau de lumière incident (5) vers ladite cellule photovoltaïque (3) qui est conçue pour produire de l'énergie électrique (6) à partir du faisceau de lumière focalisé (5), ainsi qu'un canal d'écoulement de fluide (7) qui est placé sur la trajectoire du faisceau de lumière focalisé (5) entre l'élément optique (4) et la cellule photovoltaïque (3). Le fluide peut capturer la chaleur en provenance dudit faisceau de lumière (5) afin de générer de l'énergie thermique (8), et le canal d'écoulement de fluide (7) est variable dans une direction qui suit la trajectoire dudit faisceau focalisé (5) afin de réguler ainsi l'énergie électrique (6) produite par la cellule photovoltaïque (3) ou l'énergie thermique (8) générée par le fluide, ou bien encore les deux.
PCT/EP2011/068044 2010-11-29 2011-10-14 Procédé et système pour la cogénération de chaleur et d'électricité WO2012072331A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IN1348/KOL/2010 2010-11-29
IN1348KO2010 2010-11-29

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012072331A2 true WO2012072331A2 (fr) 2012-06-07
WO2012072331A3 WO2012072331A3 (fr) 2013-05-10

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3093580A1 (fr) * 2015-05-13 2016-11-16 Areva Solar, Inc Réseau de récepteurs solaires directs linéaires destinés à chauffer un fluide
EP3133355B1 (fr) * 2015-08-18 2018-08-15 The Boeing Company Dispositif de réfraction solaire pour chauffer des matériaux industriels
US10065868B2 (en) 2016-03-28 2018-09-04 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Coupling photovoltaic and concentrated solar power technologies for desalination
US10597309B2 (en) 2016-03-28 2020-03-24 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Coupling photovoltaic, concentrated solar power, and wind technologies for desalination

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5269851A (en) 1991-02-25 1993-12-14 United Solar Technologies, Inc. Solar energy system

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2392556B (en) * 2002-09-02 2005-09-21 Dunstan Dunstan The double-irradiated near-infrared photon and photovoltaic-energy relay-system
DE102005054364A1 (de) * 2005-11-15 2007-05-16 Durlum Leuchten Solarkollektor mit Kältemaschine
WO2009144700A1 (fr) * 2008-04-16 2009-12-03 Rdc - Rafael Development Corporation Ltd. Système d'énergie solaire

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5269851A (en) 1991-02-25 1993-12-14 United Solar Technologies, Inc. Solar energy system

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3093580A1 (fr) * 2015-05-13 2016-11-16 Areva Solar, Inc Réseau de récepteurs solaires directs linéaires destinés à chauffer un fluide
EP3133355B1 (fr) * 2015-08-18 2018-08-15 The Boeing Company Dispositif de réfraction solaire pour chauffer des matériaux industriels
US10065868B2 (en) 2016-03-28 2018-09-04 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Coupling photovoltaic and concentrated solar power technologies for desalination
US10597309B2 (en) 2016-03-28 2020-03-24 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Coupling photovoltaic, concentrated solar power, and wind technologies for desalination

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