WO2012071776A1 - 一种电动汽车的滑移率检测方法及检测系统 - Google Patents
一种电动汽车的滑移率检测方法及检测系统 Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/10—Indicating wheel slip ; Correction of wheel slip
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
- B60L2220/10—Electrical machine types
- B60L2220/14—Synchronous machines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
- B60L2240/421—Speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
- B60L2240/423—Torque
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
- B60L2240/427—Voltage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
- B60L2240/429—Current
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a slip ratio calculation method and a detection system thereof, and more particularly to a slip ratio measurement system for an electric vehicle.
- the slip ratio of an automobile refers to the proportion of the sliding component in the movement of the wheel, which is represented by ⁇ .
- slip ratio is widely used in automotive control systems.
- the slip ratio needs to be maintained in the range of 15%-20%. Since the slip ratio is used in many cases, it is also important to accurately measure the slip rate.
- One type is to obtain the slip rate of the vehicle during operation by detecting the speed of the driving wheel and the driven wheel of the automobile. The principle is to replace the wheel line speed with the driving wheel speed and replace the vehicle speed with the driven wheel speed. This method is easy to implement, and most of the current slip rate detection uses this method.
- this method requires the installation of a high-precision speed sensor or acceleration sensor on the driving wheel and the driven wheel, but the installation of the sensor not only reduces the performance of the system, but the sensor is usually obtained by using a encoder to measure a pulse signal, not only Delay, and accuracy is affected and constrained by the resolution of the encoder.
- the method is only suitable for a two-wheel drive vehicle, and has a limitation for a four-wheel drive vehicle that cannot be used because there is no driven wheel.
- the Chinese patent document CN100480664C discloses a method for testing the motion parameters of an all-wheel drive electric drive vehicle. First, the total ground longitudinal force and the vehicle acceleration are calculated by using the wheel speed signals of each wheel and the torque signals of the respective drive motors.
- the slip ratio indicates the vehicle speed, and then the above result is substituted into the differential equation of the slip ratio of the non-steering wheel. Finally, the slip ratio of the non-steering wheel is calculated by integral, and the reverse is launched. The vehicle speed is calculated, and the slip rate of the steering wheel is calculated.
- the method utilizes the external driving torque and the wheel speed, and the torque sensor needs to be installed in actual use, and there is also a problem of delay and accuracy caused by the sensor, and the technical solution only has a needle. For all-wheel-drive electric drive vehicles, it is not suitable for two-wheel drive vehicles, and it has limitations when used.
- Another type of method is the slip rate calculation method that does not require the installation of a vehicle speed sensor, such as "Advanced Estimation Techniques of Road Surface Condition and Their Experimental Evaluation using” by Kimihisa and Yoichi Hori.
- a method for estimating the slip rate using the characteristics of changes in other physical quantities caused by road surface changes is given, but the method uses Fourier transform to analyze the wheel speed. The system transfer characteristics to the driving force, and then analyze the changes of the road conditions. Because the frequency analysis is complicated and the consumption time is long, the method has poor real-time performance and is difficult to implement.
- a method for obtaining a slip ratio by analyzing a slip rate state equation that is, estimating a slip ratio by a wheel drive torque and a rotational speed, is disclosed in the patent US 2009/0210128 A1, but an additional torque sensor is required in the method. The cost is high and accuracy and reliability are also affected.
- the calculation method of the slip ratio in the prior art has a problem of poor real-time performance. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the method for detecting slip ratio in the prior art requires the installation of a sensor, resulting in a problem of computational delay, complicated calculation method, and poor real-time performance, thereby proposing a non-return-free method.
- the present invention provides a method for detecting a slip ratio of an electric motor driven by a DC motor, comprising the following steps:
- t is the first measurement time and t 2 is the second measurement time, which is the slip rate.
- a method for calculating a slip ratio of an electric vehicle driven by a permanent magnet synchronous motor comprising the following steps:
- a slip rate detecting system for an electric vehicle includes a motor speed detecting unit connected to a driving motor, a motor voltage detecting unit, and a motor power detecting unit, the motor speed detecting unit, a motor voltage detecting unit, and a motor current detecting unit
- the motor speed signal processing unit, the voltage signal processing unit, and the current signal processing unit are respectively connected to the slip ratio calculation unit, and the slip ratio calculation unit is provided with a slip ratio calculation formula, and the slip ratio calculation formula is based on The type of drive motor is determined.
- the slip ratio calculation unit further stores a motor coefficient and a vehicle constant of the drive motor.
- the vehicle constant includes the whole vehicle mass ⁇ , the wheel radius! ", wheel moment of inertia J, gear ratio a.
- the drive motor is a DC motor, and the motor coefficient includes a motor inductance L a , a motor torque coefficient k m , a motor back EMF k e , and an armature resistance R a .
- the voltage value detected by the motor voltage detecting unit is a motor bus voltage
- the voltage signal processing unit is a signal conditioning unit
- the current value detected by the motor current detecting unit is a motor current
- the current signal processing unit is a signal conditioning unit.
- the driving motor is a permanent magnet synchronous motor, and the motor coefficient includes a component L d and L q of a stator inductance of the driving motor in dq coordinates, a stator resistance R s of the driving motor, and a magnetic flux generated by a permanent magnet of the driving motor. , the number of poles of the drive motor n p .
- the voltage value detected by the motor voltage detecting unit is a motor line voltage
- the voltage signal processing unit includes a signal conditioning unit and a voltage conversion unit
- the current value detected by the motor current detecting unit is a motor phase current
- the unit includes a signal conditioning unit and a current conversion unit.
- the method for detecting the slip ratio of the electric vehicle makes full use of the rotational speed, voltage, and current information that the electric vehicle drive motor control system itself needs to detect, and does not need to measure the vehicle speed information, so that it is not necessary to install an expensive vehicle speed.
- the sensor avoids the problem that the accuracy of the slip ratio calculation depends on the accuracy of the sensor, and is not limited by the two-wheel drive, and has a wide application range; the detection method is simple, the measured parameters can be detected in real time by detection, and the calculation result is improved.
- the reliability not only has the effect of easy real-time detection, but also has the advantage of being easy to implement digitally.
- the detection system of the slip rate of the electric vehicle according to the present invention is ensured by the voltage equation in the calculation process.
- the convergence of the system so the calculation does not require the problem of convergence; and the detection method does not need to perform separate integration operations on variables that are difficult to integrate such as slip rate, the calculation is simple, the speed is fast, and the implementation is easy;
- the detection method of the slip rate of an electric vehicle is used in the motor Physical quantity detected slip ratio, the facilitate the detection and control of the slip ratio associated integrated to the motor controller in order to achieve more precise and rapid control.
- the method for detecting the slip ratio of the electric vehicle according to the present invention whether the drive motor is a DC motor or a permanent magnet synchronous motor, the slip speed can be detected only by measuring the rotational speed, voltage and current information of the motor.
- the parameters in the rest of the calculation process are the inherent constants of the drive motor and the vehicle itself. Although the remaining parameters for different types of drive motors will be different, the information required for real-time measurement is the speed, voltage and current information of the motor, not only the measurement. Simple, accurate and timely.
- the detection system of the slip ratio of the electric vehicle includes a motor rotation speed detecting unit connected to the driving motor, a motor voltage detecting unit, and a motor current detecting unit, which respectively pass the motor speed signal processing unit respectively
- the voltage signal processing unit and the current signal processing unit are connected to the slip ratio calculation unit.
- the slip ratio calculation unit is provided with a slip ratio calculation formula.
- the detection system has a simple structure, and the slip is detected by using the physical quantity inside the motor.
- the shift rate eliminates the torque sensor compared with the prior art, which not only avoids the accuracy of the sensor, but also affects the slip rate check.
- the problem of the measurement result can also be integrated into the motor controller with the detection and control related to the slip ratio. Since the electromechanical time constant of the motor is generally only a few milliseconds, more precise and faster control can be realized.
- the slip rate detecting system of the electric vehicle according to the present invention wherein the slip ratio calculating unit further stores a motor coefficient and a vehicle constant of the drive motor, due to different types of motors and different vehicles thereof
- the internal parameters are different and can therefore be set for the required internal parameters, making the detection system have a wide range of applicability.
- the detection system of the slip ratio of the electric vehicle according to the present invention differs depending on the type of the drive motor of the electric vehicle, the values detected by the motor voltage detecting unit and the motor current detecting unit, the current signal processing unit, and the voltage signal processing.
- the signal processing in the unit is different, and it only needs to be set according to the type of the driving motor of the electric vehicle, and the use is simple and convenient.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a slip ratio detecting system of an electric vehicle according to the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a block diagram of the slip ratio calculation after integration on any integration interval (t l, t2);
- Figure 4 is a block diagram of the slip ratio calculation after discretization
- Figure 5 is a block diagram of a detection system for the slip rate of an electric vehicle driven by a DC motor
- Figure 6 shows the slip ratio detection system of the electric motor of the permanent magnet synchronous motor
- Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a current signal processing unit
- Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a voltage signal processing unit.
- the reference numerals in the figure are expressed as: 1-slip ratio calculation module, 2-motor speed detection unit, 3-motor speed signal processing unit, 4-motor voltage detection unit, 5-motor voltage signal processing unit, 6-motor current Detection unit, 7- Motor current signal processing unit, 10-motor controller, 11-DC motor, 13-permanent magnet synchronous motor, 14-current integrating unit, 15-scale factor, 16-adder, 17-calculation unit, 18-constant, 91-DC chopper, 92-three-phase inverter, 51-signal conditioning unit, 5 2 - voltage conversion unit, 71-signal conditioning unit, 72-current conversion unit.
- a driving motor of an electric vehicle is a DC motor, and the principle of detecting the slip ratio will be described below.
- a method for detecting slip ratio of an electric motor driven by a DC motor comprising the following steps:
- Dt aa a 'back potential can be expressed as
- t 2 is the second measurement time
- the voltage equation is integrated, and the finishing is available.
- Embodiment 2 A method for calculating a slip ratio of an electric vehicle driven by a permanent magnet synchronous motor, the method comprising the following steps:
- R s a certain sub-resistance; /f - the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet;
- n p the number of pole pairs of the drive motor
- L d , L q the component of the stator inductance of the drive motor in dq coordinates; k ml one-to-one equivalent variable; it can be seen that the torque equation (2-2) and voltage of the permanent magnet synchronous motor in the dq coordinate system Equation (2-1) is the same as DC motor, so in the calculation formula, you only need to use ⁇ instead of ⁇ 4 instead of ⁇ . However, the voltage and current of the two are handled differently.
- the permanent magnet synchronous motor measures the three-phase current and voltage of the motor. It needs to be converted into the current and voltage under dq coordinates by current conversion and voltage conversion. The conversion formula is as follows:
- FIG. 1 shows a detection system for detecting the slip ratio of an electric vehicle using the above-described slip ratio detecting method, including a motor rotation speed detecting unit 2 connected to the drive motor 1, and a motor voltage
- the detecting unit 4 and the motor current detecting unit 6, the motor speed detecting unit 2, the motor voltage detecting unit 4 and the motor current detecting unit 6 respectively pass the motor speed signal processing unit 3, the voltage signal processing unit 5, and the current signal processing unit 7
- the slip ratio calculation unit 8 is connected, and the slip ratio calculation unit 8 is provided with a slip ratio calculation formula.
- the drive motor of the electric vehicle is a DC motor
- the slip ratio calculation formula It is the above formula (1-10).
- the slip ratio calculation unit further stores a motor coefficient of the drive motor and a vehicle constant, and the vehicle constant includes a vehicle mass M, a wheel radius r, a wheel moment of inertia J, The gear ratio a; the motor coefficient includes a motor inductance L a , a motor torque coefficient k m , a motor back EMF k e , and an armature resistance R a .
- the voltage value detected by the motor voltage detecting unit 4 is a motor bus voltage
- the voltage signal processing unit 5 is a signal conditioning unit
- the current value detected by the motor current detecting unit 6 is a motor current.
- the current signal processing unit 7 is a signal conditioning unit.
- Figure 2 is a block diagram of the slip rate calculation formula, corresponding to Equations 1-9.
- the input of this module is three parameters of motor speed, motor voltage and motor current, and the output is slip ratio A(t).
- the current integrating unit 14 calculates the current current integral value according to the detected rotational speed, voltage and current, the proportional coefficient 15 is ⁇ , the constant 18 is 1 + , and the adder 16 counts r MR r M
- Figure 3 is a block diagram of the slip ratio calculation after integration on any integration interval (t l, t 2), corresponding to Equation 1-10.
- Figure 3 (a) shows the values of the parameters at times t1 and t2, and Figure 3 (b) shows the block diagram of the calculation in the integration interval.
- 4 is a block diagram of the slip rate calculation after discretization, corresponding to the formula 1-11.
- Figure 4 (a) shows the sampled value and the calculated value corresponding to the two points of continuous sampling, the interval between the two points is T,
- Figure 4 (b) It is a block diagram of real-time slip rate calculation based on discretization.
- the slip ratio detection system described in this embodiment can be integrated into the motor controller through a software module or a separate hardware circuit module, where the hardware circuit is selected.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a DC motor-driven motor vehicle slip rate detection system.
- the motor controller 10 outputs a pulse signal based on the current torque demand and the voltage, current, and speed feedback values, and drives the DC chopper through the drive circuit. 91, used to adjust the size of the control DC voltage.
- the slip ratio detection system calculates the current slip ratio ⁇ (t) according to the measured armature voltage, current and rotational speed.
- the drive motor is a DC motor
- the unit 5 is a signal conditioning unit, and the signal conditioning unit performs filtering and amplitude conditioning according to the detected voltage signal to meet the needs of the next processing
- the current signal processing unit 7 is a signal conditioning unit, and the measured current signals are Filtering and amplitude conditioning are performed to meet the required signal requirements.
- variable information such as voltage, current, and rotational speed of the DC motor is driven by the motor voltage detecting unit 4, the motor current detecting unit 6, and the motor rotational speed detecting unit 2 And processed by the signal of the motor voltage signal processing unit 5, the motor current signal processing unit 7, and the motor speed signal processing unit 3, respectively, and then sent to the slip ratio calculating unit 8 for calculation, since the slip ratio calculating unit 8 stores
- the constant information and the slip ratio in the method described in Embodiment 1 are calculated as equations (1-10), and the specific implementation form of the slip ratio calculation equation is shown in the calculation block diagram of Fig. 4 (b).
- a slip ratio detecting system for an electric vehicle in which the driving motor is a permanent magnet synchronous motor is shown, as shown in FIG.
- a motor speed detecting means connected with the driving motor 2, the motor voltage detection unit 4 and the motor current detecting unit 6, the motor speed detecting means 2, the motor voltage detection unit 4 and the motor current detecting unit 6 points
- the motor speed signal processing unit 3, the voltage signal processing unit 5, and the current signal processing unit 7 are connected to the slip ratio calculation unit 8, and the slip ratio calculation unit is provided with a slip ratio calculation formula, in this embodiment.
- the slip ratio calculation formula is the equation (2-6) in the second embodiment, and the slip ratio calculation unit further stores a motor coefficient and a vehicle constant of the drive motor, and the vehicle constant includes Overall vehicle mass M, wheel radius!
- the motor coefficient includes the components L d and L q of the stator inductance of the drive motor in dq coordinates, the stator resistance R s of the drive motor, and the flux linkage generated by the permanent magnet of the drive motor ⁇ , the drive motor pole pair number n p.
- the voltage of the motor 4 detected by the voltage detecting means is a motor line voltage
- the voltage of the signal processing unit 5 comprises a signal conditioning unit 51
- the current value detected by the motor current detecting unit 6 is a motor phase current
- the current signal processing unit 7 includes a signal conditioning unit 71 and a current converting unit 72, as shown in FIG. 7.
- the motor controller 10 outputs a pulse signal based on the current torque demand and the voltage, current, and speed feedback values, and drives the three-phase inverter 92 through the drive circuit.
- the slip ratio calculation module 1 is based on the transformed voltage component, current component, and
- the current slip rate ⁇ (t) is calculated as the rotational speed. Since the drive motor in this embodiment is a permanent magnet synchronous motor, the current signal processing unit 7 includes a signal conditioning unit 71, current conversion Element 72, the current signal conditioning unit 71 filters and amplitudes the respective current signals to meet the signal requirements of the processor, and the current conversion unit 72 performs vector transformation on the current in the abc coordinate system to be converted into a dq coordinate system.
- the current component, the conversion formula is as shown in the equation (2-4) in the embodiment 2; here, the voltage signal processing unit 5 includes a signal conditioning unit 51, a voltage conversion unit 52, and the signal conditioning unit 51 will detect The voltage signal is filtered and amplitude-conditioned to meet the needs of the next processing.
- the voltage conversion unit 52 converts the line voltage in the abc coordinate system into a phase voltage, and performs vector transformation to convert the voltage component in the dq coordinate system, as implemented.
- the equation (2-3) in Example 2 is such that the physical quantities detected in the detecting units such as 2, 4, and 6 are converted into the slip ratio calculating unit 8 by the signal processing unit such as 3, 5, and 7. The physical quantity of the form, thereby realizing the calculation of the slip ratio.
- the method and the detection system for detecting the slip ratio of the electric vehicle according to the present invention have simple calculation methods, and the detection system is easy to implement. Moreover, the calculation speed is fast and the accuracy is high, which is a simple and practical method for detecting the slip rate of the electric vehicle and the detection system. It is obvious that the above embodiments are merely examples for clarity of explanation, and are not limited to the embodiment. Variations or variations of the various forms may be made by those skilled in the art based on the above description. It is not necessary or advantageous to exhaust all embodiments. Changes or changes are still within the scope of protection created by the present invention.
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Abstract
一种滑移率检测方法以及使用该方法来检测电动汽车的滑移率的检测系统,通过测量驱动电机的电机电压、电机电流以及电机转速来测量电动汽车的滑移率,所述检测系统包括与驱动电机相连的电机转速检测单元、电机电压检测单元和电机电流检测单元,所述电机转速检测单元、电机电压检测单元和电机电流检测单元分别通过电机转速信号处理单元、电压信号处理单元和电流信号处理单元与滑移率计算单元相连接,所述滑移率计算单元内设置有滑移率计算式,所述滑移率计算式根据所述驱动电机的类型来确定。解决了现有技术中滑移率的检测方法需要安装传感器而导致计算延迟、计算方法复杂、实时性较差的技术问题,尤其使用于电动汽车的滑移率的检测。
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说 明 书
一种电动汽车的滑移率检测方法及检测系统 技术领域 本发明涉及一种滑移率计算方法及其检测系统, 具体地说是一种用于电动汽车的滑 移率测量系统。 背景技术 汽车的滑移率是指在车轮运动中滑动成分所占的比例, 用 δ表示。 其计算公式为 δ= (v-wr) /vxl 00%, 其中 v—车子在地面上行驶的速度(m/s) , r—车轮滚动半径(m) , w— 车轮角速度(rad/s)。 滑移率作为一个重要参数, 被广泛用于汽车控制系统中, 例如为了 保证最佳的制动效果, 滑移率需要保持在 15%-20%的范围内。 由于滑移率在艮多情况下 有所使用, 因此准确测量滑移率也非常重要。 目前, 常用的电动汽车的滑移率检测方法有两类。 一类是通过检测汽车的驱动轮和 从动轮的速度得到汽车运行时的滑移率, 其原理是用驱动轮速度代替车轮线速度, 用从 动轮速度代替车速。 该方法筒单易于实现, 目前大多数滑移率检测都采用这种方法。 但 是, 该方法需要在所述主动轮和从动轮上安装高精度的速度传感器或加速度传感器, 但 是安装所述传感器不仅会降低系统的性能, 而且传感器通常使用编码器通过计量脉冲信 号得到, 不仅有延迟, 而且精度受到编码器的分辨率的影响和制约。 此外, 该方法只适 合于两轮驱动的汽车, 对于四轮驱动的汽车由于没有从动轮而不能使用, 具有局限性。 为此,中国专利文献 CN100480664C中公开了一种全轮驱动的电驱动车辆运动参数的测试 方法, 首先利用各车轮轮速信号和各驱动电机扭矩信号, 计算总的地面纵向力和整车加 速度, 利用非转向车轮的转速和滑转率、 滑移率表示整车车速, 然后将以上结果代入非 转向车轮的滑移率的微分方程, 最后通过积分计算非转向车轮的滑移率, 并反推出整车 车速, 再计算转向车轮的滑移率。 但是本方法利用外部驱动转矩与轮速, 在实际使用时 需要安装转矩传感器, 同样存在传感器导致的延退和精度的问题, 并且该技术方案只针
对全轮驱动的电驱动车辆, 无法适用于两轮驱动的汽车, 使用时也具有局限性。 另一类方法是不需要安装车速传感器的滑移率计算方法, 如 Kimihisa 和 Yoichi Hori 发表的题目为 "路面信息的高级估算技术和估计实验" (Advanced Estimation Techniques of Road Surface Condition and Their Experimental Evaluation using Test Electric Vehicle "UOT March I and II") 的论文中, 给出了一种利用路面变化导致 其他物理量的变化的特性来估算滑移率的一种方法, 但是该方法采用傅立叶变换分析从 轮速到驱动力的系统传递特性, 进而分析路面条件的变化情况, 由于频借分析计算复杂, 消耗的时间较长, 因此该方法的实时性较差, 实现起来比较困难。 在专利 US2009/0210128A1中公开了一种通过解析滑移率状态方程来得到滑移率的方法, 即通过 车轮驱动转矩、 转速来估计滑移率, 但是该方法中需要额外安装转矩传感器, 成本较高, 且精度和可靠性同样会受到影响。 综上所述, 现有技术中的滑移率的计算方法都存在实时性差的问题。 发明内容 为此, 本发明所要解决的技术问题在于现有技术中的滑移率的检测方法需要安装传 感器而导致计算延迟、 计算方法复杂、 实时性较差的问题, 从而提出一种无延返、 可实 时准确测量滑移率且同时适用于两轮和四轮驱动的电动汽车的测试方法。 为解决上述技术问题, 本发明提供了一种直流电机驱动的电动汽车的滑移率的检测 方法, 包括以下步骤:
( 1 )测量驱动电机的电压、 电流、 转速, 得到所述驱动电机的电枢电压 ua, 电枢电 流 ia , 电机转速 <ym;
( 2 )获得所述驱动电机的电机系数, 包括电机电感 La, 电枢电阻 Ra, 电机转矩系 数 km, 电机反电势系数 ke;
(3)获得整车常数, 包括整车质量 M, 车轮半径 r, 车轮转动惯量 J, 传动比 a;
(4)根据如下所示的滑移率计算式, 得到滑移率: (2) wmdt-La +
( 1 )测量驱动电机的电压、 电流、 转速, 得到电机转速 以及 dq坐标系下所述 驱动电机的电压^, dq坐标系下所述驱动电机的电 4区电流 i ;
( 2 )获得所述驱动电机的电机系数, 包括驱动电机的定子电感在 dq坐标下的^ 量 Ld、 Lq , 驱动电机的定子电阻 Rs , 驱动电机的永磁体产生的磁链^, 驱动电机的极 对数 np;
( 3 )获得整车常数, 包括质量 M, 车轮半径 r, 车轮转动惯量 J, 传动比 a;
( 4 )根据如下所示的滑移率计算式, 计算滑移率: dt - Lq - [iq (,2 ) - iq )])4 其
第二测量时刻, 为滑移率。 一种电动汽车的滑移率的检测系统, 包括与驱动电机相连的电机转速检测单元、 电机 电压检测单元和电机电 ^检测单元, 所述电机转速检测单元、 电机电压检测单元和电机电 流检测单元分别通过电机转速信号处理单元、 电压信号处理单元和电流信号处理单元与滑 移率计算单元相连接, 所述滑移率计算单元内设置有滑移率计算式, 所述滑移率计算式根 据所述驱动电机的类型来确定。 所述滑移率计算单元还存储有所述驱动电机的电机系数和整车常数。 所述整车常量包括整车质量 Μ、 车轮半径!"、 车轮转动惯量 J、 传动比 a。 所述驱动电机为直流电机, 所述电机系数包括电机电感 La、 电机转矩系数 km、 电机 反电势系数 ke、 电枢电阻 Ra。 所述电机电压检测单元检测的电压值为电机母线电压, 所述电压信号处理单元为信号 调理单元; 所述电机电流检测单元检测的电流值为电机电流, 所述电流信号处理单元为信 号调理单元。
所述驱动电机为永磁同步电机, 所述电机系数包括驱动电机的定子电感在 dq 坐标下 的分量 Ld和 Lq、驱动电机的定子电阻 Rs, 驱动电机的永磁体产生的磁链^ , 驱动电机的 极对数 np。 所述电机电压检测单元检测的电压值为电机线电压, 所述电压信号处理单元包括信号 调理单元、 电压变换单元; 所述电机电流检测单元检测的电流值为电机相电流, 所述电流 信号处理单元包括信号调理单元、 电流变换单元。 本发明的上述技术方案相比现有技术具有以下优点,
( 1 )本发明所述的电动汽车的滑移率的检测方法, 充分利用电动汽车驱动电机控制 系统本身需要检测的转速、 电压和电流信息, 不需要测量车速信息, 因此不需要安装昂贵 的车速传感器,从而避免了滑移率计算精度依赖于传感器的精度的问题, 同时不受两轮驱 动的限制, 适用范围广; 该检测方法简单, 测量的参数可以通过检测实时检测到, 提高了 计算结果的可靠性,不仅具有易于实时检测的效果,还具有易于数字化实现的优点;此外, 本发明所述的电动汽车的滑移率的检测系统,该检测方法在计算过程中,利用电压方程保 证了系统的收敛性, 因此计算不需要收敛性的问题; 并且该检测方法不需要对滑移率等难 以积分的变量进行单独积分运算, 计算简单, 速度快, 易实现; 并且, 本发明所述的电动 汽车的滑移率的检测方法用电机内部物理量来检测滑移率,有利于将滑移率相关的检测与 控制集成到电机控制器中, 从而实现更精确、 更快速的控制。
( 2 )本发明所述的电动汽车的滑移率的检测方法, 无论驱动电机为直流电机还是永 磁同步电机, 只需要测量电机的转速、 电压和电流信息即可实现滑移率的检测, 其余计算 过程中的参数均为驱动电机和车辆本身的固有常数,虽然针对不同类型的驱动电机其余参 数会有不同,但是所需实时测量的信息均为电机的转速、电压和电流信息,不仅测量简单, 而且准确、 及时。
( 3 )本发明所述的电动汽车的滑移率的检测系统, 包括与驱动电机相连的电机转速 检测单元、 电机电压检测单元和电机电流检测单元, 它们又分别通过分别通过电机转速信 号处理单元、 电压信号处理单元和电流信号处理单元与滑移率计算单元相连接, 所述滑移 率计算单元内设置有滑移率计算式,该检测系统结构简单, 由于使用电机内部的物理量来 检测滑移率, 与现有技术相比省去了转矩传感器, 不仅避免了传感器的精度影响滑移率检
测结果的问题,可还以将滑移率相关的检测与控制集成到电机控制器中, 由于电机的机电 时间常数一般只有几毫秒, 因此可以实现了更精确、 更快速的控制。
( 4 )本发明所述的电动汽车的滑移率的检测系统, 所述滑移率计算单元还存储有所 述驱动电机的电机系数和整车常数, 由于不同类型的电机和不同的车辆其内部参数不同, 因此可以针对所需的内部参数进行设置, 使得所述检测系统具有广泛的适用性。
( 5 )本发明所述的电动汽车的滑移率的检测系统, 根据电动汽车的驱动电机的种类 不同, 电机电压检测单元、 电机电流检测单元检测的值不同, 电流信号处理单元、 电压信 号处理单元内的信号处理的方式不同, 只需要根据电动汽车的驱动电机的类型来设置即 可, 使用简单方便。 附图说明 为了使本发明的内容更容易被清楚的理解, 下面根据本发明的具体实施例并结合附 图, 对本发明作进一步详细的说明, 其中
图 1是本发明所述的电动汽车的滑移率检测系统的模块框图;
图 2为所述滑移率计算式的模块框图;
图 3在任意积分区间(t l, t2)上积分后的滑移率计算框图;
图 4是离散化后的滑移率计算框图;
图 5为直流电机驱动的电动汽车滑移率的检测系统的框图;
图 6驱动电机为永磁同步电机的电动汽车的滑移率检测系统;
图 7是电流信号处理单元的示意图;
图 8是电压信号处理单元的示意图。
图中附图标记表示为: 1-滑移率计算模块, 2-电机转速检测单元, 3-电机转速信号 处理单元, 4-电机电压检测单元, 5-电机电压信号处理单元, 6-电机电流检测单元, 7- 电机电流信号处理单元, 10-电机控制器, 11-直流电机, 13-永磁同步电机, 14-电流积分 单元, 15-比例系数, 16-加法器,17-计算单元, 18-常数, 91-直流斩波器, 92-三相逆变 器, 51-信号调理单元, 52-电压变换单元, 71-信号调理单元, 72-电流变换单元。 具体实施方式 实施例 1 : 在本实施例中, 电动汽车的驱动电机为直流电机,以下对滑移率的检测原理进行说明。
一种直流电机驱动的电动汽车的滑移率的检测方法, 该方法包括以下步骤:
( 1 )测量驱动电机的电压、 电流、 转速, 得到所述驱动电机的电枢电压 ua, 电枢电 流 ia, 电机转速 fijm;
( 2 )获得所述驱动电机的电机系数, 包括电机电感 La , 电枢电阻 Ra , 电机转矩系 数 , 电机反电势系数 ke ;
( 3)获得整车常数, 包括整车盾量 M, 车轮半径 r, 车轮转动惯量 J, 传动比 a;
(4) ^艮据如下所示的滑移率计算式, 得到滑移率: a2 -k
Α(2) = (1 + 1- - ¾J Ua dt― ke t2)- i。 (i, )]}-»
MRa m{t f ωη ώ-L。 - [,。 (
2) 其中, 为第一测量时刻、 t2为第二测量时刻, 为滑移率《 在上述步骤(4) 中, 滑移率计算式的推导过程如下: 在此以它励直流电机模型为例 < 电机转矩:
电压方程
-^ + RJ +E =Ui
dt aa a ' 反电势可表示为;
Ea = he i 若减速比为 a,
1
a
T = a'T 忽略汽车阻力, 车辆运动方程:
dV
=M ve"lcle
d dt
T-Fd.r = J^ = J-1^
d dt a dt
(1 - 6) 式中,
la——电 4区电 ¾,
Ra——电枢电阻,
km一一转矩系数,
κ。 反电势系数
Ua——电; 电压,
Ea——反电势,
T一一牵引力矩,
Τ, ---电机力矩
a 传动比,
ωπ 车轮转速,
ωΜ 电机转速,
La 电机电感,
Fd——驱动力,
Vvehicle 车速,
r __车轮半径,
J一一车轮转动惯量,
M一一整车质量.
为第一测量时刻、 t2为第二测量时刻, 对电压方程积分, 整理可得
ί,' A dt = j-{ ''υ adt - ke j^' ωΜώ - La -[ia(t2) - ia(t,)] } (1_7) 根据加速状况时滑移率的定义 1 = ^^^x100%, 以及车辆纵向动力学方程
°Mr
(1-6), 对滑移率求导, 得到
'Μ Μ ω,, r Μω,, 整理上式, 可得
{λωΜ)' = {\ + ^—)ωΜ-^-·ΐα (1-9)
r'M r'M 对上式( 9 )在( tl, t2 ) 区间进行积分, 并代入电流积分式( 7 ), 可得滑移率计算式 为
(1-10) 离散化后得到
+
(1-11) 其中, ^¾« = ^ [¾^) + ¾(^: + 1)] 2— t1 =: Γ 显然, 在 t=0时初始条件为
ίΛ(ί)ωΜ( "= coM(t) 0 Q_12) 由上可见, 根据初始条件, 通过离散化的方式可以得到各个时刻电动汽车的滑移率的 值。
实施例 2: 一种永磁同步电机驱动的电动汽车的滑移率的计算方法, 该方法包括以下步骤:
( 1 )测量驱动电机的电压、 电流、 转速, 得到电机转速《m以及 dq坐标系下所述 驱动电机的电压 uq, dq坐标系下所述驱动电机的电枢电流 iq;
( 2 )获得所述驱动电机的电机系数, 包括驱动电机的定子电感在 dq坐标下的分
量 Ld、 Lq, 驱动电机的定子电阻 Rs, 驱动电机的永磁体产生的磁链 ^ , 驱动电机的极 对数 np;
( 3)获得整车常数, 包括质量 M, 车轮半径 r, 车轮转动惯量 J, 传动比 a;
(4)根据如下所示的滑移率计算式, 计算滑移率: a2-k
() = (1+^ r M)1 ¾(2)」 r2MRsmm{t2) ^ 卜^ f J, ,- +^ 其中, =np[^ + (Ld- LJ], 为第一测量时刻、 t2为第二测量时刻, 为滑移率。 在所述步骤(4) 中, 所述驱动电机为永磁同步电机的电动汽车的滑移率的计算式 的推导过程如下: 采用 z =0的矢量控制方式时, dq坐标系下的电压方程为: + , (2-i) 转矩方程:
Te = " q +( W d'q] = " /+(Ld -Lq)id]iq = kml -iq (2_2) 在上式中,
ud、 uq—— dq坐标系下的电机电压;
、 —— dq坐标系下的电机电流;
ωΜ——驱动电机的电机转速;
Γε——驱动电机的电机转矩;
Rs一一定子电阻; /f——永磁体产生的磁链;
np——驱动电机的极对数;
Ld、 Lq——驱动电机的定子电感在 dq坐标下的分量; kml一一等价变量; 可以看出在 dq 坐标系下永磁同步电机的转矩方程(2-2)和电压方程(2-1) 与直 流电机形式相同, 因此, 计算式中只需用 ^代替 ί4, 代替 , ^代替 。
但是, 两者的电压和电流的处理方式不同, 永磁同步电机测量到的是电机的三相电 流和电压, 需要通过电流变换和电压变换转换成 dq 坐标下的电流和电压, 转换公式如 下:
类似于直流电机处理方法, 对^方程两边进行积分, 整理可得 2 , {t)dt = { 2 ηηώ - Ψ/ ^ ωΜ {t)dt - Lq [iq{t2 ) - iq(t ) ( 从而 入滑移率计算式(1-10 ) 中, 可得到永磁同步电机的 为
( 2-6 ) 实施例 3: 图 1给出了一种使用上述滑移率检测方法来检测电动汽车的滑移率的检测系统, 包括 与驱动电机 1相连的电机转速检测单元 2、 电机电压检测单元 4和电机电流检测单元 6, 所述电机转速检测单元 2、 电机电压检测单元 4和电机电流检测单元 6分别通过电机转速 信号处理单元 3、电压信号处理单元 5和电流信号处理单元 7与滑移率计算单元 8相连接, 所述滑移率计算单元 8内设置有滑移率计算式, 在本实施例中, 所述电动汽车的驱动电机 为直流电机, 所述滑移率计算式为上述式( 1-10 )。 并且, 在本实施例中, 所述滑移率计 算单元还存储有所述驱动电机的电机系数和整车常数, 所述整车常量包括整车质量 M、 车 轮半径 r、 车轮转动惯量 J、 传动比 a; 所述电机系数包括电机电感 La、 电机转矩系数 km、 电机反电势系数 ke、 电枢电阻 Ra。 此外, 本实施例中, 所述电机电压检测单元 4 检测的 电压值为电机母线电压, 所述电压信号处理单元 5为信号调理单元; 所述电机电流检测单 元 6检测的电流值为电机电流, 所述电流信号处理单元 7为信号调理单元。
图 2为所述滑移率计算式的模块框图, 对应公式 1-9。 该模块的输入为电机转速、 电 机电压、 电机电流三个参数, 输出为滑移率 A(t)。 电流积分单元 14才艮据检测的转速、 电压 和电流计算出当前电流积分值, 比例系数 15是 ^, 常数 18为 1 + , 加法器 16计 r MR r M
算并输出当前滑移率 λ (t)。
图 3在任意积分区间(t l, t 2)上积分后的滑移率计算框图, 对应公式 1-10。 计算单元
17代表运算项 ω , 单元 14根据检测的 t l与 t2时刻的转速、 电压和电流计算出项 I f2 Uadt - k ί2 ωΜώ - La . [/。 (t2 ) - ia (t, )]} r2 A/fp m
lJ. 。 e J' M a L a 2 " 1 J) , 比例系数 15是 ^ ^。 图 3 (a)表示在 t l和 t2时 刻的各参数值, 图 3 (b)是在积分区间的计算框图。 图 4是离散化后的滑移率计算框图, 对应公式 1-11。 图 4 (a)表示在连续采样的两点 对应的采样值和计算值, 两点采样间隔时间为 T, 图 4 (b)是在基于离散化后的实时滑移率 计算实现框图。 本实施例所述的滑移率检测系统, 可以通过软件模块或单独的硬件电路模块集成到电 机控制器中, 在此选择硬件电路的模式。 图 5为直流电机驱动的电动汽车滑移率的检测系 统的框图。 电机控制器 10 根据当前转矩需求和电压、 电流和转速反馈值输出脉冲信号, 通过驱动电路驱动直流斩波器 91 , 用来调整控制直流电压的大小。 滑移率检测系统根据测 得的电枢电压、 电流和转速计算当前滑移率 λ (t)。 在本实施例中, 由于驱动电机为直流 电机, 电机电压信号处理单元 5为信号调理单元, 所述信号调理单元根据将检测到的电压 信号进行滤波和幅值调理以满足下一步处理的需要;电流信号处理单元 7为信号调理单元, 将测得的各电流信号进行滤波和幅值调理以满足所需信号要求。 在此, 驱动直流电机的电 压、 电流、 转速等变量信息, 通过电机电压检测单元 4、 电机电流检测单元 6、 电机转速 检测单元 2的检测后, 分别经电机电压信号处理单元 5、 电机电流信号处理单元 7、 电机 转速信号处理单元 3的信号处理后, 传送给滑移率计算单元 8中进行计算, 由于滑移率计 算单元 8 中存储了实施例 1所述方法中的常量信息和滑移率计算方程式(1-10 ), 在此所 述滑移率计算方程式的具体实现形式为图 4 ( b )计算框图所示。 实施例 4: 在本实施例中, 给出了一种驱动电机为永磁同步电机的电动汽车的滑移率检测系统, 如图 6所示。 包括与驱动电机相连的电机转速检测单元 2、 电机电压检测单元 4和电机电 流检测单元 6 , 所述电机转速检测单元 2、 电机电压检测单元 4和电机电流检测单元 6分
别通过电机转速信号处理单元 3、 电压信号处理单元 5和电流信号处理单元 7与滑移率计 算单元 8相连接, 所述滑移率计算单元内设置有滑移率计算式, 在本实施例中, 所述滑移 率计算式为实施例 2中的式(2-6 ),所述滑移率计算单元还存储有所述驱动电机的电机系 数和整车常数, 所述整车常量包括整车质量 M、 车轮半径!"、 车轮转动惯量 J、 传动比 a; 所述电机系数包括驱动电机的定子电感在 dq坐标下的分量 Ld和 Lq、驱动电机的定子电阻 Rs, 驱动电机的永磁体产生的磁链 ^ , 驱动电机的极对数 np。 在本实施例中, 所述电机 电压检测单元 4检测的电压值为电机线电压, 所述电压信号处理单元 5包括信号调理单元 51、电压变换单元 52 ,如图 8所示; 所述电机电流检测单元 6检测的电流值为电机相电流, 所述电流信号处理单元 7包括信号调理单元 71、 电流变换单元 72 , 如图 7所示。 如图 6所示, 电机控制器 10根据当前转矩需求和电压、 电流和转速反馈值输出脉冲 信号, 通过驱动电路驱动三相逆变器 92。 滑移率计算模块 1根据变换的电压分量、 电流分 量和转速计算当前滑移率 λ (t)。 由于本实施例中的驱动电机为永磁同步电机, 电流信号 处理单元 7包括信号调理单元 71、 电流变换单元 72, 电流信号调理单元 71根据将各电流 信号进行滤波和幅值调理以满足处理器所需信号要求, 电流变换单元 72将 abc坐标系下 的电流进行矢量变换,转化成 dq坐标系下的电流分量,其转换算式如实施例 2中的式( 2-4 ) 所示; 在此, 电压信号处理单元 5 包括信号调理单元 51、 电压变换单元 52 , 所述信号调 理单元 51 将检测到的电压信号进行滤波和幅值调理以满足下一步处理的需要, 电压变换 单元 52将 abc坐标系下的线电压变换成相电压, 而进行矢量变换, 转化成 dq坐标系下的 电压分量, 如实施例 2 中的式(2-3 )所示。 这样, 通过信号处理单元如 3、 5、 7将检测 单元如 2、 4、 6中检测到的物理量转换成滑移率计算单元 8中所需形式的物理量, 从而实 现滑移率的计算。 本发明所述的电动汽车的滑移率的检测方法及检测系统, 计算方法简单, 检测系统容 易实现, 且计算速度快, 准确率高, 是一种简单实用的电动汽车的滑移率的检测方法和检 测系统。 显然, 上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例, 而并非对实施方式的限定。 对 于所属领域的普通技术人员来说, 在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化 或变动。 这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。 而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变 化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。
Claims
1. 一种直流电机驱动的电动汽车的滑移率的检测方法, 其特征在于该方法包括以 下步骤:
( 1 )测量驱动电机的电压、 电流、 转速, 得到所述驱动电机的电枢电压 ua, 电枢电 流 ia, 电机转速 <»m;
(2)获得所述驱动电机的电机系数, 包括电机电感 La, 电枢电阻 Ra, 电机转矩系 数 km, 电机反电势系数 ke;
(3)获得整车常数, 包括整车质量 M, 车轮半径 r, 车轮转动惯量 J, 传动比 a;
2. 一种永磁同步电机驱动的电动汽车的滑移率的计算方法,其特征在于该方法包 括以下步骤:
( 1 )测量驱动电机的电压、 电流、 转速, 得到电机转速 以及 dq坐标系下所述 驱动电机的电压 , dq坐标系下所述驱动电机的电枢电流 i ;
( 2 )获得所述驱动电机的电机系数, 包括驱动电机的定子电感在 dq坐标下的 量 Ld、 L , 驱动电机的定子电阻 Rs, 驱动电机的永磁体产生的磁 驱动电机的极
(3)获得整车常数, 包括质量 M, 车轮半径 r, 车轮转动惯量 J, 传动比 a;
3. 一种使用权利要求 1或 2所述的滑移率检测方法来检测电动汽车的滑移率的检 测系统, 其特征在于: 包括与驱动电机相连的电机转速检测单元、 电机电压检测单元和电 机电流检测单元 , 所述电机转速检测单元、 电机电压检测单元和电机电流检测单元分别通 过电机转速信号处理单元、 电压信号处理单元和电流信号处理单元与滑移率计算单元相连 接, 所述滑移率计算单元内设置有滑移率计算式, 所述滑移率计算式根据所述驱动电机的 类型来确定。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的电动汽车的滑移率检测系统, 其特征在于: 所述滑移率 计算单元还存储有所述驱动电机的电机系数和整车常数。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的电动汽车的滑移率检测系统, 其特征在于: 所述整车常 量包括整车质量 M、 车轮半径 r、 车轮转动惯量 J、 传动比 a。
6. 根据权利要求 4或 5所述的电动汽车的滑移率检测系统, 其特征在于: 所述驱 动电机为直流电机,所述电机系数包括电机电感 La、电机转矩系数 km、电机反电势系数 ke、 电枢电阻 Ra。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的电动汽车的滑移率检测系统, 其特征在于: 所述电机电 压检测单元检测的电压值为电机母线电压, 所述电压信号处理单元为信号调理单元; 所述 电机电流检测单元检测的电流值为电机电流, 所述电流信号处理单元为信号调理单元。
8. 根据权利要求 4或 5所述的电动汽车的滑移率检测系统, 其特征在于: 所述驱 动电机为永磁同步电机, 所述电机系数包括驱动电机的定子电感在 dq坐标下的分量 Ld和 Lq、 驱动电机的定子电阻 Rs , 驱动电机的永磁体产生的磁链 ^ , 驱动电机的极对数 np。
9. 根据权利要求 8所述的电动汽车的滑移率检测系统, 其特征在于: 所述电机电 压检测单元检测的电压值为电机线电压, 所述电压信号处理单元包括信号调理单元、 电压 变换单元; 所述电机电流检测单元检测的电流值为电机相电流, 所述电流信号处理单元包 括信号调理单元、 电流变换单元。
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| US20090210128A1 (en) * | 2006-09-07 | 2009-08-20 | Yokohama National University | Slip ratio estimating device and slip ratio control device |
| JP2009142108A (ja) * | 2007-12-07 | 2009-06-25 | Yokohama National Univ | スリップ率推定装置及びスリップ率制御装置 |
| CN102114782A (zh) * | 2010-11-29 | 2011-07-06 | 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 | 一种电动汽车的滑移率检测方法及检测系统 |
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| CN103661001A (zh) * | 2013-12-10 | 2014-03-26 | 武汉新能车桥技术发展有限公司 | 双轮驱动系统差速控制方法及系统 |
| CN103661001B (zh) * | 2013-12-10 | 2015-11-18 | 武汉新能车桥技术发展有限公司 | 双轮驱动系统差速控制方法及系统 |
| CN106404419A (zh) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-02-15 | 山西省交通科学研究院 | 一种机动车检测线仿真系统及方法 |
| CN106404419B (zh) * | 2016-08-25 | 2018-10-30 | 山西省交通科学研究院 | 一种机动车检测线仿真系统及方法 |
| US20240051505A1 (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2024-02-15 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Method for Monitoring Traction for a Motor Vehicle |
| US12515621B2 (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2026-01-06 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Method for monitoring traction for a motor vehicle |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102114782A (zh) | 2011-07-06 |
| CN102114782B (zh) | 2012-11-21 |
| US8909411B2 (en) | 2014-12-09 |
| US20130253755A1 (en) | 2013-09-26 |
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