WO2012071591A1 - Fluid turbine having optimized blade pitch profiles - Google Patents

Fluid turbine having optimized blade pitch profiles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012071591A1
WO2012071591A1 PCT/US2011/062271 US2011062271W WO2012071591A1 WO 2012071591 A1 WO2012071591 A1 WO 2012071591A1 US 2011062271 W US2011062271 W US 2011062271W WO 2012071591 A1 WO2012071591 A1 WO 2012071591A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotor blade
axis
pitch angle
rotor
rotation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2011/062271
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Robert Clifton Vance
Jason Daniel Cormey
Original Assignee
Broadstar Wind Systems Group
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Broadstar Wind Systems Group filed Critical Broadstar Wind Systems Group
Publication of WO2012071591A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012071591A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D3/066—Rotors characterised by their construction elements the wind engaging parts being movable relative to the rotor
    • F03D3/067—Cyclic movements
    • F03D3/068—Cyclic movements mechanically controlled by the rotor structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D7/00—Rotors with blades adjustable in operation; Control thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/50—Kinematic linkage, i.e. transmission of position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
    • F05B2260/72—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades by turning around an axis parallel to the rotor centre line
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
    • F05B2260/79—Bearing, support or actuation arrangements therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/50—Kinematic linkage, i.e. transmission of position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
    • F05D2260/72—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades by turning around an axis parallel to the rotor centre line
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
    • F05D2260/79—Bearing, support or actuation arrangements therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Abstract

A fluid turbine comprising a rotor, having an axis of rotation, comprising at least two rotor blades disposed at a radius from the axis of rotation, each rotor blade having a pitch axis and a variable pitch angle. The fluid turbine comprises a mechanism operable to control the pitch angle of at least one rotor blade about its pitch axis and to vary the pitch angle of the rotor blade between various pitch angles as the blade moves radially about the axis of rotation of the rotor.

Description

IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
FLUID TURBINE HAVING OPTIMIZED BLADE PITCH PROFILES
FLUID TURBINE HAVING OPTIMIZED BLADE PITCH PROFILES
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[001] According to a first embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a fluid turbine comprising a rotor, having an axis of rotation, comprising at least two rotor blades disposed at a radius from the axis of rotation, moving along a circumferential tangent path line (TPL) , each rotor blade having a pitch axis and a variable pitch angle. The fluid turbine further comprises a mechanism operable to control the pitch angle of at least one rotor blade about its pitch axis and to vary the pitch angle of the rotor blade from a first pitch angle at a first circumferential location about the axis of rotation to a second pitch angle at a second circumferential location about the axis of rotation.
[002] According to a second embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a fluid turbine comprising a rotor, having an axis of rotation, comprising at least two rotor blades disposed at a radius from the axis of rotation, moving along a circumferential tangent path line (TPL) , each rotor blade having a pitch axis and a variable pitch angle. The fluid turbine further comprises a mechanism operable to control the pitch angle of at least one rotor blade about its pitch axis and to vary the pitch angle of the rotor blade from a first pitch angle at a first circumferential location about the axis of rotation to a second pitch angle at a second circumferential location about the axis of rotation to a third pitch angle at a third circumferential location about the axis of rotation.
[003] According to a third embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a fluid turbine comprising a rotor, having an axis of rotation, comprising at least two rotor blades disposed at a radius from the axis of rotation, moving along a circumferential tangent path line (TPL) , each rotor blade having a pitch axis and a variable pitch angle. The fluid turbine further comprises a mechanism operable to control the pitch angle of at least one rotor blade about its pitch axis and to vary the pitch angle of the rotor blade from a first pitch angle at a first circumferential location about the axis of rotation to a second pitch angle at a second circumferential location about the axis of rotation to a third pitch angle at a third circumferential location about the axis of rotation to a fourth pitch angle at a fourth circumferential location about the axis of rotation.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[004] Figure 1 is an isometric view of a fluid turbine according to certain embodiments of the present disclosure;
[005] Figure 2 is an end view of a fluid turbine according to certain embodiments of the present disclosure;
[006] Figure 3 is a graph of five profiles of rotor blade pitch (Θ) vs. rotor blade position (Ψ) about the central axis of rotation of the turbine; and
[007] Figure 4 is a table showing, for each of the five profiles in Figure 3, the rotor blade pitch (Θ) at ten distinct blade positions about the central axis of rotation of the turbine .
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[008] A system and method of the present patent application will now be described with reference to various examples of how the embodiments can best be made and used. Like reference numerals are used throughout the description and several views of the drawings to indicate like or corresponding parts, wherein the various elements are not necessarily drawn to scale.
[009] Figure 1 is an isometric view of a fluid turbine 100 according to certain embodiments of the present disclosure. Structurally, turbine 100 consists of a rotor assembly comprising a torque tube 104 riding on bearings 106 mounted on a frame 102. Torque tube 104 is designed to prevent each rotor hub 108 from rotating independently of the other rotor hubs 108. Torque tube 104 is oriented along a central axis which is intended to be disposed generally perpendicular to the direction of fluid flow. The turbine 100 comprises arrays of radially- disposed struts 110 mounted to rotor hubs 108 at their proximal ends and to a set of rotor blades 112 at their distal ends. The rotor blades 112 shown in Figure 1 are high aspect ratio airfoils/hydrofoils having a clearly defined leading and trailing edge. Turbine 100 shown in Figure 1 comprises 10 blades, but alternate embodiments may have more or fewer blades, depending on the application. The rotor blades 112 are attached to the struts 110 in such a manner as to allow the rotor blades 112 to be individually pivoted with respect to the circumferential tangent path line of turbine 100, thus altering the pitch angle of each rotor blade 112 as turbine 100 rotates. The angle of the rotor blades may be controlled via mechanical linkages, hydraulics, pneumatics, linear or rotary electromechanical actuators, or any combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the rotor pitch angle profile may be controlled by a cam-and-follower mechanism operating in concert with one or more of the above systems of actuation. According to one such mechanism, a set of cam followers ride along a surface of a centrally-located cam. The profile of at least one surface of the cam defines the pitch profile or pitch schedule for the rotor blades.
[0010] Figure 2 is an end view of a fluid turbine 100 according to certain embodiments of the present disclosure. The fluid turbine 100 shown in Figure 2 incorporates ten rotor blades 112. The pitch angle of the ten rotor blades 112 are designated angles A-J with the blade pitch angle of the rotor blade at angular position 0 being designated angle "A". The blade pitch angles of the other rotor blades 112 are designated angles "B" through "J", at multiples of 36 degrees from angle "A", counter-clockwise. Thus, angle "B" is the pitch angle of a rotor blade 112 disposed at an angular position 36 degrees counter-clockwise from 0, angle "C" is the pitch angle of a rotor blade 112 disposed at an angular position 72 degrees from 0, and so forth.
[0011] Because of the fact that the angle between a rotor blade 112 and the fluid flow will vary as the rotor blade 112 moves around the axis of rotation of the turbine 100, the optimal pitch angle for torque generation will vary accordingly as that rotor blade 112 moves around the axis of rotation. In order to optimize the angle between the blade pitch and the fluid flow, turbine 100 disclosed herein incorporates at least one mechanism to vary the blade pitch according to angular position as a rotor blade 112 moves around the rotational axis of the turbine 100. The pattern or profile of blade pitch vs. angular position may vary depending on a number of factors, including but not limited to rotor velocity and free stream fluid velocity. Thus, it may be desirable to modify the blade pitch profile as conditions change.
[0012] As described above, those of skill in the art will recognize that a blade pitch value of zero in Figure 4 represents the condition wherein chord line is aligned with the circumferential tangent path line of the blade, while a positive value represents the condition wherein the nose of the blade is disposed in toward the axis of rotation of the turbine and a negative value represents the condition wherein the nose of the blade is disposed out away from the axis of rotation of the turbine .
[0013] Figure 3 is a graph of five profiles of rotor blade pitch (theta) vs. rotor blade position (psi) about the central axis of rotation of the rotor. The profiles are designated "Profile 1," "Profile 2," "Profile 3," "Profile 4" and "Profile 5." Profiles 1 through 5 are non-sinusoidal profiles, although each incorporates certain sinusoidal attributes. Angular positions A-J about the axis of rotation of the rotor are designated by the appropriate letters and correspond to the positions shown in Figure 2. Those of skill in the art will recognize that a blade pitch value of zero represents the condition wherein the blade chord is aligned tangent to the circumferential path line along which the blade moves. This alignment may also be described as one lying normal to a vector from the axis of rotation of the rotor to the pitch axis of the rotor blade. As above, a positive value represents the condition wherein the nose of the blade is disposed in toward the axis of rotation of the turbine, while a negative value represents the condition wherein the nose of the blade is disposed out away from the axis of rotation of the turbine.
[0014] Figure 4 is a table showing, for each of the five profiles shown in Figure 3, the rotor blade pitch (theta) at the ten distinct blade positions A-J about the central axis of rotation of the turbine. Angular positions A-J set forth in Figure 4 correspond to the angular positions shown in Figure 2 about the axis of rotation of the rotor. Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the angles depicted in Figure 4 are certain specific angles which have been shown to be useful within the context of the present disclosure. Those of skill in the art will also appreciate that similar profiles to those shown and described will be useful within the context of the present disclosure. [0015] It is believed that the operation and construction of the embodiments of the present patent application will be apparent from the Detailed Description set forth above. While the exemplary embodiments shown and described may have been characterized as being preferred, it should be readily understood that various changes and modifications could be made therein without departing from the scope of the present invention as set forth herein.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:
1. A fluid turbine comprising:
a rotor, having an axis of rotation, comprising at least two rotor blades disposed at a radius from the axis of rotation, traveling along a circumferential tangent path line, each rotor blade having a pitch axis and a variable pitch angle; and
a mechanism operable to control the pitch angle of at least one rotor blade about its pitch axis and to vary the pitch angle of the rotor blade from a first pitch angle at a first circumferential location about the axis of rotation to a second pitch angle at a second circumferential location about the axis of rotation, according to a non-sinusoidal pitch profile.
2. The fluid turbine of claim 1, wherein the first rotor blade pitch angle is between 7 degrees and 15 degrees to a line tangent to the circumferential path of the rotor blade.
3. The fluid turbine of claim 1, wherein the second rotor blade pitch angle is parallel to a line tangent to the circumferential path of the rotor blade.
4. The fluid turbine of claim 1, wherein the second rotor blade pitch angle is between 20 degrees and 30 degrees to a plane orthogonal to a line tangent to the circumferential path of the rotor blade.
5. The fluid turbine of claim 1, wherein the second rotor pitch angle is between 25 degrees and 35 degrees to a line tangent to the circumferential path of the rotor blade.
6. The fluid turbine of claim 1, wherein the minimum rotor blade pitch angle for a rotor blade is imposed at a rotor position wherein that rotor blade is upstream of the axis of rotation of the rotor blade.
7. The fluid turbine of claim 1, wherein the maximum rotor blade pitch angle for a rotor blade is imposed at a rotor position wherein that rotor blade is downstream of the axis of rotation of the rotor blade.
8. A fluid turbine comprising:
a rotor, having an axis of rotation, comprising at least two rotor blades disposed at a radius from the axis of rotation, traveling along a circumferential tangent path line, each rotor blade having a pitch axis and a variable pitch angle; and
a mechanism operable to control the pitch angle of at least one rotor blade about its pitch axis and to vary the pitch angle of the rotor blade from a first pitch angle at a first circumferential location about the axis of rotation to a second pitch angle at a second circumferential location about the axis of rotation to a third pitch angle at a third circumferential location about the axis of rotation, according to a non- sinusoidal pitch profile.
9. The fluid turbine of claim 8, wherein the first rotor blade pitch angle is between 7 degrees and 15 degrees to a line tangent to the circumferential path of the rotor blade.
10. The fluid turbine of claim 8, wherein the second rotor blade pitch angle is parallel to a line tangent to the circumferential path of the rotor blade.
11. The fluid turbine of claim 8, wherein the second rotor blade pitch angle is between 20 degrees and 30 degrees to a line tangent to the circumferential path of the rotor blade.
12. The fluid turbine of claim 8, wherein the second rotor pitch angle is between 25 degrees and 35 degrees to a line tangent to the circumferential path of the rotor blade.
13. The fluid turbine of claim 8, wherein the minimum rotor blade pitch angle for a rotor blade is imposed at a rotor position wherein that rotor blade is upstream of the axis of rotation of the rotor blade.
14. The fluid turbine of claim 8, wherein the maximum rotor blade pitch angle for a rotor blade is imposed at a rotor position wherein that rotor blade is downstream of the axis of rotation of the rotor blade.
15. A fluid turbine comprising:
a rotor, having an axis of rotation, comprising at least two rotor blades disposed at a radius from the axis of rotation, traveling along a circumferential tangent path line, each rotor blade having a pitch axis and a variable pitch angle; and
a mechanism operable to control the pitch angle of at least one rotor blade about its pitch axis and to vary the pitch angle of the rotor blade from a first pitch angle at a first circumferential location about the axis of rotation to a second pitch angle at a second circumferential location about the axis of rotation to a third pitch angle at a third circumferential location about the axis of rotation to a fourth pitch angle at a fourth circumferential location about the axis of rotation, according to a non-sinusoidal pitch profile.
16. The fluid turbine of claim 15, wherein the second rotor blade pitch angle is parallel to a line tangent to the circumferential path of the rotor blade.
17. The fluid turbine of claim 15, wherein the first rotor blade pitch angle is between 7 degrees and 15 degrees to a line tangent to the circumferential path of the rotor blade.
18. The fluid turbine of claim 15, wherein the second rotor pitch angle is between 25 degrees and 35 degrees to a line tangent to the circumferential path of the rotor blade.
19. The fluid turbine of claim 15, wherein the minimum rotor blade pitch angle for a rotor blade is imposed at a rotor position wherein that rotor blade is upstream of the axis of rotation of the rotor blade.
20. The fluid turbine of claim 15, wherein the maximum rotor blade pitch angle for a rotor blade is imposed at a rotor position wherein that rotor blade is downstream of the axis of rotation of the rotor blade.
PCT/US2011/062271 2010-11-28 2011-11-28 Fluid turbine having optimized blade pitch profiles WO2012071591A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/954,886 2010-11-28
US12/954,886 US20120134820A1 (en) 2010-11-28 2010-11-28 Fluid Turbine Having Optimized Blade Pitch Profiles

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WO2012071591A1 true WO2012071591A1 (en) 2012-05-31

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WO (1) WO2012071591A1 (en)

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GB201717871D0 (en) 2017-10-30 2017-12-13 Romax Tech Limited Motor

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