WO2012071061A1 - Exercise apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention includes an apparatus, system and method for providing the user with an unstable equilibrium condition in which to perform athletic and therapeutic exercises. The apparatus includes a substantially elastic portion and a substantially inelastic portion and an extension arresting portion each having respective adjustments and configured to be used in conjunction with a variety of ancillary equipment.

Description

EXERCISE APPARATUS

Cross-Reference to Related Applications

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent

Application No. 61/458,519, filed November 24, 2010, entitled 'Training Device with Mount" and US Provisional Patent Application No. 61/626,611 filed September 28, 2011, entitled "Exercise Apparatus" the disclosures of which are incorporated herewith in their entireties.

Background

[0002] Various forms of physical exercise are widely understood to have salutary effect. Consequently, exercise and exercise equipment are used therapeutically as well as in efforts to maintain health and to develop physical strength and endurance.

[0003] Resistance training is a popular form of exercise. Known resistance training exercise devices consist of, for example, an elastic tube or cord with a pair of handles secured to opposing ends of the tube. To use this type of device, the user holds the handles and repeatedly stretches the tube, increasing the tension force in the tube, and retracts the tube while

mamtaining tension in the tube. However, resistance training devices such as these are limited in application and structure.

[0004] Various types of apparatus have been proposed for exercise and/or training, sometimes collectively referred to herein as "exercise/training".

Additional techniques for adjusting exercise/training apparatus would be beneficial. Summary

[0005] Inventions described herein can be embodied, for example, in devices, articles of manufacture, systems, and methods in which adjustments can be made for use in exerc^e/training.

[0006] Among its various aspects and embodiments of the invention includes an extension device having an elastic portion and an inelastic portion, and having a furtlier inelastic extension extension arrestor. The extension arrestor serves to limit an overall extension of the elastic portion.

[0007] One or more such extension device serves to support user in an unstable equilibrium state during athletic training and/or therapeutic training. The extension device is used in conjunction with a variety of ancillary equipment including a grip-step, a partial sling, a full body sling, and elastic pillow, and various support couplings and structures, among other devices. Together with various methods of the invention, a user is provided with an exercise environment offering novel challenges and opportunities for improvement.

[0008] These and other advantages and features of the invention will be more readily understood in relation to the following detailed description of the invention, which is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0009] It should be noted that, while the various figures show respective aspects of the invention, no one figure is intended to show the entire invention. Rather, the figures together illustrate the invention in its various aspects and principles. As such, it should not be presumed that any particular figure is exclusively related to a discrete aspect or species of the invention. To the contrary, one of skill in the art would appreciate that the figures taken together reflect various embodiments exemplifying the invention.

Brief Description of Drawing

[0010] Fig. 1 shows, in schematic form, an exemplary exercise apparatus prepared according to principles of the invention;

[0011] Fig. 2 shows further aspects of an exemplary exercise apparatus incorporating a plurality of elastic portions according to principles of the invention;

[0012] Fig. 3A shows a detail of a coupling region and method according to one embodiment of the invention;

[0013] Fig. 3B shows a detail of a further coupling region and method according to one embodiment of the invention;

[0014] Fig. 4 shows an exemplary grip-step device according to one aspect of the invention;

[0015] Fig. 5A shows a portion of an exemplary grip-step device according to one aspect of the invention;

[0016] Fig. 5B shows a portion of a further exemplary grip-step device according to one aspect of the invention;

[0017] Fig. 5C shows a portion of a trapeze bar device prepared according to principles of the invention;

[0018] Fig. 6 shows a schematic representation of a sling prepared according to principles of the invention;

[0019] Fig. 7 shows a portion of a sling prepared according to principles of the invention;

[0020] Fig. 8 provides a schematic representation of certain apparatus and methods according to principles of the invention; [0021] Fig. 9 provides a schematic representation of various exemplary configurations of apparatus and methods according to principal of the invention;

[0022] Fig. 10A provides a schematic representation of further exemplary configurations of apparatus and methods according to principal of the invention;

[0023] Fig. 10B provides a schematic representation of additional exemplary configurations of apparatus and methods according to principal of the invention;

[0024] Fig. 11 A provides a schematic representation of further exemplary configurations of apparatus and methods according to principal of the invention;

[0025] Fig. 11B provides a schematic representation of additional exemplary configurations of apparatus and methods according to principal of the invention;

[0026] Fig. 12A shows a portion of a substantially flexible, substantially inelastic longitudinal member according to principles of the invention;

[0027] Fig. 12B shows further aspects of an exemplary exercise apparatus incorporating a plurality of elastic and inelastic portions according to principles of the invention;

[0028] Fig. 12C shows further aspects of an exemplary exercise apparatus incorporating a plurality of elastic and inelastic portions according to principles of the invention;

[0029] Fig. 13 shows additional features of an apparatus prepared according to principles of the invention;

[0030] Fig. 14 shows further aspects of an exemplary exercise apparatus incorporating a plurality of adjustable elastic and inelastic portions according to principles of the invention; [0031] Fig. 15 shows a detail of exemplary exercise apparatus prepared according to principles of the invention;

[0032] Fig. 16A shows further aspects of an exemplary exercise apparatus prepared according to principles of the invention;

[0033] Fig. 16A shows, in cross-section, further aspects of an exemplary exercise apparatus prepared according to principles of the invention;

[0034] Fig. 17A shows further aspects of an exemplary exercise apparatus prepared according to principles of the invention;

[0035] Fig. 17B shows still further aspects of an exemplary exercise apparatus prepared according to principles of the invention;

[0036] Fig. 18 shows yet additional aspects of an exemplary exercise apparatus prepared according to principles of the invention;

[0037] Fig. 19 provides a schematic representation of further exemplary configurations of apparatus and methods according to principal of the invention; and

[0038] Fig. 20 illustrates a configuration of apparatus and method according to principles of the invention.

Detailed Description

[0039] Various forms of physical activity can have beneficial effects on the physical and mental health of an individual participating in the activity. Such activity, referred to broadly as "exercise," can have therapeutic benefit where trauma or disease has had a damaging effect and can otherwise be salutary in developing and mamtaining health. The present invention relates to apparatus and methods to enable and facilitate healthful exercise.

[0040] A wide variety of methods and apparatus have been developed to facilitate exercise. These apparatus and methods include free and captive weights of various configurations and elastic resistance mechanisms, all of which oppose certain repetitive exercise activity. It is also known to practice isometric exercises in which an individual activates various muscle groups in opposition to one another so as to produce a substantially static muscle activation. In addition, certain exercises and activities involve balance against gravity in unstable equilibrium to promote the dynamic activation of muscles over short distances and time intervals. The present disclosure relates primarily to this latter class of unstable equilibrium exercises and activities.

[0041] In the subject class of unstable equilibrium exercises and activities, a user supports all or a portion of his or her body weight on, for example, a rope suspended from an overhead suspension point. Because the rope is suspended from a single point, and because the user grasps it at a point relatively distant from the suspension point, the rope tends to move laterally. Consequently, the user must apply muscular force and adjust his or her position to remain in at a balanced equilibrium point. Depending on the configuration of a particular apparatus and procedure this application of muscular force and positional adjustment can be very demanding.

[0042] Having examined and understood a range of previously available devices, the inventor of the present invention has developed a new and important understanding of the problems associated with those earlier apparatus and methods. Out of this novel understanding he has developed new and useful methods and improved devices, comprising the invention, that yield surprising and beneficial results.

[0043] The invention is described below in its various aspects with reference to several exemplary embodiments including a preferred embodiment. This description will enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the disclosed invention and sets forth the best modes presently contemplated by the inventor for carrying out his invention. Numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art, however, that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In certain instances, various structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the substance disclosed.

[0044] As noted above, certain exercises and activities involve balance in unstable equilibrium to promote the dynamic activation of muscles over short distances and time intervals. In order to achieve these conditions apparatus may be used that supports the user's weight on an unstable or mobile surface. For example, in certain exercises, a user is supported by generally inelastic ropes suspended from overhead in a push-up position. Depending on the configuration of the ropes and the activities of the user, a support region can move laterally as a rope hangs from an overhead support point. In other exercises the ropes include an elastic element such as a surgical tube material. The inclusion of an elastic element allows the support region to move both laterally and longitudinally with respect to a longitudinal axis of the rope.

[0045] The inventor has come to appreciate that providing superior adjustability in various aspects of the exercise apparatus yields improved results. Thus, in certain aspects, the invention includes a device for suspending a user that is adjustable in one or more of its relaxed length, its elastic characteristics, its extensibility, and its support configuration, among others. This adjustability allows arrangement of the exercise apparatus for optimal use by a given user at a given time. According to certain aspects of the invention it is possible to adjust the exercise apparatus in real time, without interrupting a user's exercise. [0046] Fig. 1 shows, in schematic form, certain aspects of an exemplary apparatus 100 prepared according to principles of the invention. The illustrated portion includes an extension device 102 having an elastic characteristic. The extension device 102 has a longitudinal axis 104, a top-end 106 and a bottom end 108. A coupling feature 110 is disposed at the top end and arranged to support extension device 102 from an elevated suspension point 112.

[0047] An extension arrestor 114 has a first end 116 coupled to top end 106 and a second end 118 coupled to bottom end 108. The extension arrestor 114 is configured to limit an extension of the extension device 102 to a limited length 122. In the illustrated embodiment, the extension arrestor 114 includes an adjustment device 124. The adjustment device 124 allows for adjustment of the limited length 122 according to the requirements of a particular user and/or circumstance.

[0048] In certain embodiments of the invention, the extension arrestor 114 includes a substantially flexible longitudinal member such as, for example, a textile member. In other embodiments, the extension arrestor 114 includes a substantially rigid longitudinal member.

[0049] Also, according to principles of the invention, in certain

embodiments, the adjustment device 124 includes a buckle. In further embodiments, the adjustment device 124 includes one or more of a hook and loop fastener, a plurality of clips, a snap, and a button and button hole combination, for example. It should be noted that, while the illustrated adjustment device 124 is shown at a medial location on the extension arrestor 114, this arrangement is merely exemplary of many possible arrangements including, without limitation, those in which the adjustment device is that one or the other end of the extension arrestor 114.

[0050] A device prepared according to principles of the invention also may include a user engaging portion 126. For brevity, the user engaging portion is referred to herein as a grip-step. However, the term grip-step is not intended to be liiruting in any way, but is intended to indicate any user-engaging portion within the scope and principles of the invention. Thus a grip-step may engage any appropriate part of a user's body, up to and including the entirety of the user's body in a sling-device.

[0051] In various configurations and embodiments, the grip-step has one or more of a handgrip portion, a sling portion, a foot peg portion or stirrup, and/or any other appropriate feature for engaging a user's body, that is necessary or desirable for a particular application. In particular

embodiments, a single structural element may serve as one or more of the afore-mentioned handgrip portion, sling portion, foot peg portion, etc. The grip-step is adapted to be coupled to the lower end 108 of the extension device 102 so that the user is supported by the elevated suspension point 112 through the user support element 126 and the extension device 102.

[0052] Where the extension arrestor 114 includes a textile member, that textile member may include one or more of a length of webbing, a length of rope, and a length of cable, among other possibilities. The textile member may include any of a wide variety of materials. For example, the textile member may include one or more of a natural polymer material, a synthetic polymer material, a metallic material, a ceramic material, an inorganic fiber such as glass fiber or carbon fiber for example, and combinations thereof. [0053] Where the extension arrestor 114 includes a substantially rigid longitudinal member, that substantially rigid longitudinal member may include one or more of a solid rod, a single tube, a rail, a plurality of coaxially telescoping tubes, a chain link, a spirally retracting coil, a helically retracting coil, and a hinge member, among other possibilities. The substantially rigid longitudinal member may include any of a wide variety of materials. For example, the substantially rigid longitudinal member may include one or more of a natural polymer material, a synthetic polymer material, a metallic material, and a ceramic material, and combinations thereof.

[0054] During use, the longitudinal axis 104 of the extension device 102 is oriented generally downward from the coupling feature 110. The elastic characteristic of the extension device 102 is adjusted according to the requirements of a particular user, accounting for the user's weight, desired extension, and desired mobility, for example. In addition, the limited length 122 is configured by adjustment of the adjustment device 124 to establish a maximum extension of the extension device 102.

[0055] Fig. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of an extension device 200 prepared according to principles of the invention. The extension device 200 includes a first portion 202 having an elastic characteristic. The device is generally elongate with a top end 206 and a bottom end 208. A coupling feature 210 is disposed at the top end and arranged to support the extension device 200 from an elevated suspension point 212. In the embodiment shown, the coupling feature 210 includes a loop of a textile webbing material, and the suspension point 212 is provided by a longitudinal member 213, shown here as a length of tubing or pipe. [0056] In an alternative embodiment, coupling feature 210 includes a ring, rather than the illustrated strap portion. The ring may be substantially rigid, or maybe moderately to highly flexible. Thus, in one embodiment, the ring includes a substantially rigid tubing of PVC and/or any other appropriate natural or synthetic polymer, metallic material, a wood or other substantially rigid cellulosic or other natural fiber material, In another embodiment, the ring includes a moderately flexible materials such as synthetic rubber (silicone rubber, nitrile rubber, etc.), natural rubber, silicone rubber, leather, or any other appropriate polymer or the ring may be circular or have any other geometric configuration appropriate to a particular application. In addition, the ring may be formed of a generally open portion with a further mobile action portion to provide a carabiner action for ready connection to

longitudinal member to 13.

[0057] The elastic characteristic of the extension device 200 is provided, in the illustrated embodiment, by a plurality of bungee cords 212, 214. A bungee cord is an elongate rubber rope which, in some cases, includes a textile covering disposed circumferentially around a peripheral surface of the rope. It will be understood, however, that other elastic devices will be used in other embodiments within the scope of the invention. As shown, a bungee cord of the present embodiment has a first end 216, 217 and a second end 218, 219 each coupled to a respective ring, 220, 221, 222, 223.

[0058] Each bungee cord is folded in a region generally medial 224 between its first and second ends about a further ring 226. This folded arrangement is maintained, and the location of the bungee cord is fixed in place with respect to the further ring 226, by a length of heat-shrink tubing, e.g., 228. This folded arrangement increases the packing efficiency of the bungee cords, allowing a single ring 226 to support more cords than would be the case if each cord were independently attached to the ring. It also reduces the number of coupling devices required, and may correspondingly reduce the overall cost of the apparatus.

[0059] The length of heat-shrink tubing 228 is disposed about the folded bungee cord such that a portion of the cord on either side of the further ring 226 is disposed within a region defined by an interior surface of the heat- shrink tubing 228. The further ring 226 thus serves to support the bungee cord 212 while its two ends 216, 218, and their respective rings 220, 222, are disposed relatively distal to the further ring 226. As further discussed below, in relation to Fig. 3B the folded bungee cord is further secured by a hog-ring in some embodiments.

[0060] In certain embodiments, further ring 226 is configured as a "D-ring" with a first substantially linear region disposed across the end of a second substantially curved region. In the illustrated embodiment, further ring 226 is coupled to a lower end 230 of the webbing material 232. The length of webbing material 232 includes, at its upper end 234, the previously noted loop of webbing material forming coupling feature 210.

[0061] In the illustrated embodiment, the further ring 226 is coupled to the lower end 230 of webbing material 232 by a loop 236 of further webbing material 238 and a buckle device 240. The buckle device 240 allows adjustment of an effective length 246 of webbing material 232.

[0062] The practitioner ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that, while buckle 240 is illustrated as a simple two-loop buckle, a wide variety of other buckles and coupling devices are advantageously applied in the practice of the invention. For example, a locking buckle such as a buckle with a spring- activated cam provides certain advantages. In other examples, a reversed- helix locking buckle will be advantageously employed.

[0063] Loop 236 is disposed at an upper end 248 of further webbing material 238. At its lower end 250, the further webbing material 238 is coupled to an additional ring 252. In the illustrated embodiment, the further webbing material 238 includes a material that is substantially inelastic as compared with the bungee cords 212, 214. The practitioner of ordinary skill in the art will observe that additional ring 252 can be coupled to one or more of rings 220, 221, 222 and 223 with, for example, a carabiner 254 or other coupling device. When thus configured, the further webbing material 238 serves as an extension arrestor for the extension device 200.

[0064] In the illustrated embodiment, the further webbing material 238 is looped through additional ring 252 and coupled at one end to an additional buckle 256. Additional buckle 256 is slidingly supported part-way along the length of further webbing material 238. Consequently, additional buckle 256 allows for adjustment of a configured length 258 of the extension arrestor.

[0065] It will be apparent on inspection that the length 258 can be configured to be somewhat longer than a relaxed length 260 of the bungees 212, 214. Consequently, when rings e.g., 220 and 252 are coupled together, and sufficient weight is applied downwardly 262 on the coupling device 254 the corresponding bungee 212 is substantially elastically stretched from a first length 260 to a second length 258, at which point the extension arrestor assumes support of the applied weight and substantially prevents additional stretching of the bungee device. [0066] Consideration of the illustrated apparatus will also show that an overall configured length of the apparatus is approximately equal to the sum of lengths 246 and 258, and can be adjusted by using one or more of buckle device 240 and additional buckle 256. In addition, lateral position of the suspension point 212 and the device can be adjusted 264 by sliding loop 210 along the longitudinal member 213.

[0067] Optionally, and as illustrated, a slack region 268 of webbing portion 232 is coupled 270 back to webbing 232 to form a loop. This avoids a dangling end at 272 which would otherwise result. A similar advantage is evident in the arrangement of the extension arrestor formed by webbing portion 238. It should also be noted that, while extension arrestor webbing 238 is coupled to webbing portion 232 through the previously discussed arrangement of buckles and loops, webbing portion 238 may also be directly coupled to (and/or integrally formed with) webbing portion 232 where this arrangement provides a particular structural strength of the overall device, or otherwise is advantageous.

[0068] Fig's 3A and 3B show, respectively, the arrangement of heat-shrink tubing in the middle 300 and at the ends 302 of the bungee cord of Fig. 2 in additional detail. Fig. 3A shows an exemplary D-ring 304 interlinked with a loop of textile webbing material 306. A portion of a bungee cord 308 is folded through an aperture 310 of the D-ring 304 to define two generally elongate portions 312, 314. Adjacent to the fold 316, a portion of the bungee cord 308 is disposed within a protective tube, or sheath 318. In the illustrated

embodiment, the protective tube is formed of a heat-shrinkable synthetic polymer material such as, for example, nylon or polyolefin material. Other material that may be employed include fluoropolymer such as FTP, F FE, PVC and neoprene, as well as silicone elastomers. [0069] In certain embodiments, the protective tube 318 preserves the bungee from abrasion that might result from contact with the surface of the D-ring and other mechanical contact, and from environmental factors including, for example, oxygen and ultraviolet light. In a further aspect of the invention, the protective tube 318 limits stretching of the bungee material adjacent to the D- ring and adds tensile strength to the localized portion of the bungee adjacent to the tube.

[0070] In the illustrated embodiment, a further length of heat-shrinkable protective tubing 320 is disposed around regions of both of the two generally elongate portions 312 and 314, as well as around a portion of protective tube 318. This further length of heat-shrinkable protective tubing 320 serves to maintain the fold 316 and the positional relationship of the bungee cord 308 to the D-ring 304.

[0071] As illustrated by an additional folded bungee 322 a single D-ring can support one or more folded bungees, the number being chosen according to the requirements of a particular user or application. Bungee 322 also shows that, in certain embodiments, the protective tube 324 can be sized to cover the generally elongate portions, e.g. 326 so as to extend beyond a distal edge 326 of the further length of heat-shrinkable protective tubing 328. By employing the illustrated folded bungees, additional bungees may be made available for exercise purposes, as compared with a single-coupling-per-bungee

arrangement.

[0072] Fig. 3B shows, in additional detail, a distal end of one of the generally elongate portions (e.g., 312) of a bungee cord. In the illustrated embodiment, a region of the bungee cord adjacent to its distal end is disposed within a protective tube 330 of heat-shrinkable material to form a covered region. The bungee within the covered region is folded at a fold 332 and interlinked with a further D-ring 334. An additional sleeve of heat-shrinkable material 336 is disposed adjacent to the folded region and arranged to maintain the fold.

[0073] Fig. 3B also illustrates the use of a hog-ring 338 to further strengthen and secure the illustrated folded coupling arrangement. An exemplary hog- ring includes a ductile member where the ductile member is crimped, or otherwise formed, e.g. by the application of mechanical force, so as to substantially encircle the bungees. In a typical application, the hog-ring includes a heavy steel wire. The hog-ring is pressed into a circular configuration with sufficient force so as to substantially compress the underlying bungee material and prevent its release from the ring. Although not expressly shown, a hog-ring may be advantageously used in any of the bungee couplings of the present invention; those of Fig. 3A for example. Depending on the particular mechanism used for compressing the hog ring, the process may be motivated by compressed shop air at a pressure of about 120 pounds per square inch.

[0074] The apparatus of the present invention is designed to increase the possible activities and exercises, functions and safety over the options available in the current market place. There is a need for a suspension exercise device which allows for more stable, safe, systematic, and

functionally flexible operation.

[0075] Referring again to Fig.l, the grip-step 126 is represented as including a single primary loop 128 defining a corresponding single aperture 130. Fig. 4 illustrates further features and characteristics of a grip-step according to certain embodiments of the invention. As shown by Fig. 4, it is fully consistent with the invention for a grip-step to include a plurality of loops. Thus, grip-step 400 includes first 402 and second 404 straps including first 406, second 408 and third 410 loops, each defining a respective aperture 412, 414, 416.

[0076] In the illustrated example, strap 402 includes a webbing material having a generally rectangular profile that is comparatively larger in a first transverse dimension 420, and comparatively smaller in a second transverse dimension 422. It should be noted that this generally rectangular profile is only one example of many possible profiles including, for example, circular, elliptical, square, triangular and stellate, for example.

[0077] In an alternative embodiment, loop 406 is defined by a ring, rather than the illustrated strap 402. The ring may be substantially rigid, or maybe moderately to highly flexible. Thus, in one embodiment, the ring includes a substantially rigid tubing of PVC and/or any other appropriate natural or synthetic polymer, metallic material, a wood or other substantially rigid cellulosic or other natural fiber material, In another embodiment, the ring includes a moderately flexible materials such as synthetic rubber (silicone rubber, nitrile rubber, etc.), natural rubber, silicone rubber, leather, or any other appropriate polymer. The ring may be circular or have any other geometric configuration appropriate to a particular application.

[0078] A portion of the strap 402 is disposed within a longitudinal cavity 424. The longitudinal cavity 424 is defined by an internal surface region 426 of a longitudinal member 428. The illustrated longitudinal member 428 exhibits a generally circular cross-section such that internal surface region 426 is substantially cylindrical. This is merely exemplary, however, of many possible cross-sections that may be implemented in respective particular items and embodiments of the invention. Indeed, in certain embodiments (not shown), cavity 444 is partially or completely filled with a filling material during assembly so as to substantially eliminate cavity 424. In another embodiment, the longitudinal member 428 is substantially solid without a longitudinal cavity, and with loops e.g. 408, 410 effectively coupled between ends thereof.

[0079] As suggested above, in the illustrated embodiment second and third loops 408 and 412 are formed of a single contiguous longitudinal strap 404 that passes through longitudinal cavity 424 twice. Consequently, loops 408 and 410 can be mutually adjusted such that reducing the peripheral length of one loop, e.g. 410, increases the peripheral length of the other loop, e.g. 408, by a corresponding amount. This adjustability allows these two loops to be adjusted to concurrently support the forearm and the upper arm respectively of a user, for example. The skilled practitioner will appreciate that an alternative adjustment will support the knee of a user equally well.

[0080] Once adjusted, frictional forces between an external surface region of the strap 404 and internal surface 426 will tend to maintain the loops in a particular configuration. The weight of a user on the strap tends to increase these frictional forces and thereby further maintain the desired configuration. Once the weight of user is removed from the straps, however, the virtual forces are relieved and additional or alternative adjustments of the illustrated device are readily made. In certain embodiments, the desirable frictional forces can be enhanced by providing an internal surface 426 and a surface of the strap 404 with appropriate frictional characteristics. Thus the respective materials of the straps 402, 404, and of longitudinal member 428 may be selected with an eye towards achieving these desirable characteristics. In addition, appropriate inserts and/or coatings may be applied to the respective surfaces to promote the desired level of frictional interaction.

[0081] In similar fashion, strap 402 can be advanced through longitudinal cavity 424 to adjust a position of longitudinal member 428 and a resulting angle with respect to vertical of a longitudinal axis of that member. It is worth noting that in certain embodiments, loop 406 includes a D-ring 430 that is useful to facilitate coupling of the suspension device 400 to the lower end of an extension device prepared according to the invention. In certain embodiments of the invention, this coupling is achieved by snapping the D- ring into a spring clip of the of the extension device. In other embodiments, the D-ring is supplemented by, or replaced by, a spring clip or other fastening device.

[0082] One of skill in the art will appreciate that the D-ring 430 may be attached to strap 406 in any appropriate manner, including but not limited to, being sewn into a loop in the strap 432 as illustrated. The D-ring may be include any appropriate material, including a polymer material or a metallic material such as chrome-plated steel.

[0083] Another notable feature of the illustrated grip-step suspension device 400 is an ancillary loop 434 formed along loop 412 and defining a further aperture 436. Aperture 436 is well adapted for use as a toe-loop, finger loop, etc. to engage a toe or finger, hand or foot, respectively, according to the needs and wishes of a particular user.

[0084] In the illustrated instance, loop 434 is formed by connecting a further length of strap 438 at its respective ends 440, 442 to loop 410. In the illustrated embodiment , this connection is a sewn connection, but any other appropriate coupling means is intended to fall within the scope of the invention. In one successful embodiment, the length between connection points 440 and 442 is approximately 4.5 inches.

[0085] Grip-step 400 is shown to include the further optional feature of a pad, or padded region, 444. The pad 444 provides an increased surface area, as compared to a corresponding surface region of strap 404 so as to more comfortably support a user (at a user's shin, upper arm or forearm, for example). In addition, the pad 444 may be formed of a generally elastic material such as, for example, a polymer foam in order to further increase user comfort. In one successful implementation, the pad 444 can be advanced along the strap 404, as indicated by arrow 446, to provide additional adjustment of its location with respect to loop 410.

[0086] The pad 444 includes, in certain embodiments, two layers of woven nylon sewn along parallel lengthwise edges so that the strap 404 can slide 446 in its lengthwise direction between them. A layer of felt or other padding material is sewn to one of the layers of woven nylon in one embodiment.

[0087] The longitudinal member 428 can be implemented with a hollow polyvinylchloride (PVC) tube. A soft foam exterior layer can advantageously be provided about an exterior surface of the tube. A longitudinal member prepared in this way can be comfortably held in a user's hand, or use as a foot-peg or other support, and is appropriate for use in some types of exercise and training.

[0088] Fig. 5A shows a cross-section 500 similar to one taken along line 5-5 of Fig. 4. In the illustrated embodiment, a rigid substantially cylindrical member 502 includes a PVC tube 504. An external surface 506 of the PVC tube supports a layer 508 of a generally resilient material. In exemplary applications, the resilient material includes one or more of a neoprene foam, a polyurethane foam, a polyurethane elastomer, a natural cork material, a natural or synthetic leather material, or any other material appropriate to the application.

[0089] An interior surface region 510 of the PVC tube 504 defines an interior axial cavity 512. Disposed within the interior axial cavity are portions of a first strap of webbing material 514 and a second strap of webbing material 516. In light of the previous discussion of Fig. 4, it will be clear to one of skill in the art that the first strap of webbing material 514 continues in a first loop adapted to support the PVC tube 504. In like fashion, it will be clear that the second strap of webbing material 516 passes through the cavity 512 twice (518, 520) to form two loops depending below the PVC tube 504.

[0090] Fig. 5B shows, in cross-section, a further device 530 similar in application to that of Fig. 5A. In the illustrated embodiment, a rigid substantially cylindrical member 532 includes a first PVC tube 534. An external surface 536 of the PVC tube supports a layer 538 of a generally resilient material. An interior surface region 540 of the PVC tube 534 defines an interior axial cavity 542.

[0091] Disposed within the interior axial cavity 542 are portions of a first strap of webbing material 544 and a second strap of webbing material 546. In light of the previous discussion of Fig. 4, it will be clear to one of skill in the art that the first strap of webbing material 544 continues in a first loop adapted to support the PVC tube 534. Unlike the corresponding strap of webbing material of Fig. 5 strap 544 is disposed within a further PVC tube 548. As with device 502, the second strap of webbing material 546 passes through cavity 542 twice (550, 552) to form two loops depending below the PVC tube 534. The second PVC tube 548 within cavity 542 serves to isolate strap 544 from strap 546 and substantially prevent entanglement of the two straps with one another.

[0092] Fig. 5C shows a trapeze bar 560, another user-engaging grip-step component. Trapeze bar 560 can be used in a configuration in which one or more of its ends 562, 564 are supported, mutually or independently, by a device like apparatus 100 of Fig. 1. In other applications, one or more of ends 562, 564 are supported by a substantially inelastic tensile member.

[0093] As illustrated, trapeze bar 560 includes a substantially rigid member of generally circular cross-section. Other cross-sections, including those particularly adapted for hand or foot gripping, are contemplated however. Accordingly, the trapeze bar 560 is weil adapted to be held by user's hand or to support a foot or other portion of the user's body.

[0094] In some embodiments, a substantially planar region 566 is formed at a portion of an external surface 568 of the trapeze bar. In various

embodiments, the substantially planar region 566 is integrally formed during, for example, extrusion or injection molding of the substantially rigid member. In other embodiments, the substantially planar region 566 is formed after the substantially rigid member by, for example, a subsequent machining process.

[0095] In certain embodiments, a level indicator 570 is incorporated into the trapeze bar 560. The level indicator 570 may include a spirit level,

accelerometer, or any other device adapted to provide an indication of an orientation of the trapeze bar with respect to Earth normal. In particular embodiments, the level indicator 570, or a display portion thereof, is disposed within the substantially planar region 566.

[0096] A user or a user's trainer can use level indicator 570 to assist in leveling a user's body before and throughout an exerdse/training session. This feature can help to train the user to evenly distribute body weight toward each of the user's limbs and toward the right and left sides of the user's body. When a user is suspended elastically or solidly within an exercise/training system, bar 530 enables the user and/or the user's trainer to visually check and then enhance or correct the user's balancing and stabilizing autonomic functions.

[0097] Various other grip-step user-engaging components and variations can be used in an exerdse/training system with features as described above. For example, a sliding, tubular grip can be wrapped around a line supporting a user to position a movable handle and guide for the user: As the user changes bodily positions in movements such as squats, the user can hold onto the grip and slide it along the line that is under loaded tension; or the user can use the grip as a bearing to change orientation of a line, using strength and weight as leverage. Such a grip can lessen the possibility of hand-gripping fatigue or of "rope burn". As in other situations, ehminating avoidable fatigue and discomfort allows a more pain-free exercise modality; since pain can inhibit function and movement, it can reduce the benefits of any exercise.

[0098] Fig. 6 shows a further user-engaging component referred to as a hammock or sling 600 and adapted to support substantially all of a user's body. The sling 600 includes a generally flexible longitudinal member 602 having an upper surface 604 large enough to support the greater part of a user's body 606. In certain embodiments, the upper surface 604 is large enough to support the entirety of a user's body. In the illustrated

embodiment, the longitudinal member 602 is supported between first 608 and the second 610 support apparatuses similar, for example, to apparatus 100 of Fig. 1.

[0099] The generally flexible longitudinal member 602 includes, in certain embodiments, a textile material adapted to support, while generally conforming to, the user's body. The textile material may include one or more of a woven fabric, a felted fabric, a knitted fabric, a knotted netting and an extruded polymer material, among others. In some embodiments, the textile material includes one or more of a natural polymer, a synthetic polymer, a metallic material (including without limitation, various metallic alloys), an inorganic material (including without limitation, ceramic materials, glass fibers and/or carbon fibers), composite materials and combinations thereof.

[0100] In certain embodiments the sling has a longitudinal dimension of approximately 8 feet and a lateral dimension of approximately 3 feet and is well adapted to support the entire length of the user's body. In certain configurations, the sling tends to envelop the body of a user, with the side edges being disposed above a central region of the sling, so as to prevent the user from falling out. The resulting environment may be advantageously soothing and supportive to a user, including a user whose movement is impaired by, for example, injury or disease.

[0101] Fig.7 shows a portion of one embodiment of a sling 700 prepared according to principles of the invention. In the illustrated embodiment, the sling 700 includes a generally flexible longitudinal member 702 having a longitudinal axis 704 disposed between a first end 706 and a second end (not shown) of the sling. At the first end 706, the sling includes a coupling device 708. In the illustrated embodiment the coupling device 708 includes a loop 710. The loop 710 is fastened to the longitudinal member 702 by a collar 712 swaged, crimped, or otherwise fastened about a terminal portion of the longitudinal member.

[0102] In the illustrated case, the loop includes a generally flexible longitudinal member such as a length of aircraft cable, rope, bungee, or other elongate device 714. In certain embodiments, the elongate device extends beyond the collar 712 and provides structural support to the flexible longitudinal member 702. Thus, an extended portion of the elongate device 714 is embedded, adhered to, or otherwise coupled to a region 716, 718 of the flexible longitudinal member 702.

[0103] As illustrated, loop 710 is adapted to be coupled to, for example, one or more bungees 720, 722 for support. In the illustrated embodiment, this coupling is made with a spring clip or carabiner 724.

[0104] Apparatus prepared according to the principles and examples described above can be used individually, and can be incorporated into systems having further inventive aspects and additional benefits. One of skill in the art will appreciate that appropriate combinations of subsystems can be used together to provide symbiotic benefit with any suitable structures, and supporting other components in any suitable combination of orientations. Furthermore, each support component need not be fixed and rigid, but one or more support components could be movable and flexible.

[0105] Fig. 8 shows schematically several components of system 800, an exercise and training system that shows exemplary support components 802 and 804. The support components support various other components, several examples of which are shown. Support components 802 through 804 are shown as horizontally-extending pipe-like components supporting other components from above, but these are merely illustrative features:

[0106] Support component 802 is shown supporting a number of components including extension devices 860 and 808, supported respectively by mounting components 810 and 812. Extension devices 806 and 808 are adjustable in several ways; for example, as suggested by bidirectional arrows 814, lateral distance between extension devices 806 and 808 can be adjusted by moving one or both of mounting components 810 and 812 in a lateral direction toward or away from the other. Similarly, support component 804 is shown supporting a number of components including extension device 816 illustratively supported by mounting components 820 through 822 and minimal component 818 illustratively supported by mounting component 824. Component 816 thus illustrates that a component can be supported on one or more mounting components. Mounting components 810, 812, 820 through 822, and 824 could be implemented in many ways, whether separate from or part of the respective components they support. Exemplary implementations of mounting components are described below.

[0107] Components 806, 808, 816, and 818 are only a few examples of components that could be included in system 800. Each component, or subset of components is supported by one or more mounting components, each of which, in turn, supports one or more user-engaging or grip-step component. Thus extension device 806 illustratively support user-engaging component 826, labeled "Ul". Extension device 808 illustratively support user-engaging components 828, 830, and 832, respectively labeled "U2", "U3", and "U4", as well as possible additional user-engaging components between them, as suggested by ellipses. [0108] Extension device 816 illustratively supports user-engaging component 834, labeled "U5" and rninimal component 818 illustratively supporting user-engaging component 836, labeled "U6". Similar to mounting components described above, user-engaging components 826, 828, 830, 832, 834, and 836 could be implemented in many ways, whether separate from or part of the respective components that support them. Exemplary

implementations of user-engaging components are described below.

[0109] Components 806, 808, and 816 are described as "elastic", a term that is used herein to describe a part, component, or article that is capable of being stretched along at least one stretching dimension by a force that a normal human can apply during exercise and/or training and also is elastic in the sense that it both resists a stretching force and also tends to return toward its former shape when a stretching force is released or reduced. An elastic part, component, or article therefore has "elastic resistance" opposing a stretching force, and equilibrium occurs when the stretching force and the elastic resistance are equal in magnitude. Note, however, that a part, component, or article would be "elastic" as used herein even if it does not return exactly to its former shape when a stretching force is released. Furthermore, its elastic resistance is ordinarily not constant, but varies with the extent to which it is stretched and could also vary as a function of time rate of stretching, frequency spectrum of a time-varying stretching force, or other parameters. If implemented as an active elastic part, component, or article, its elastic resistance could even be determined by a processor or other circuitry based, e.g., on stored, sensed, or randomly generated values.

[0110] Also, components 806 and 808 are shown as including a number of parts, with the parts of each component connected into an arrangement that extends between the component's respective mounting component or components and the component's respective user-engaging component or components. As described below, each component can include parts connected "in series" or "serially" as well as parts connected "in parallel": As a first approximation, two or more parts are connected "in series" or

"serially" if a stretching force applied across them is effectively applied to each of them. In contrast, two or more parts are connected "in parallel" if a stretching force applied across them would, under appropriate conditions, be divided between them, with each of the parts experiencing part of the stretching force. Two or more parallel parts are also described herein as connected "in parallel" even if one or more of the parts is sufficiently different in length from the others that a stretching force cannot actually be divided between all of the parts. Also, in some exemplary implementations, parts that branch at the end of a component are also described herein as connected "in parallel".

[0111] For extension device 806, for example, parts 840 through 842, labeled "Bl" through "BN", are connected in parallel, while series connections exist between mounting component 810; part 844, labeled "A"; the segment that includes both of part 840 and 842; and user-engaging component 826.

Similarly, for extension device 808, parts 846 through 848, labeled "Dl" through "DP", are connected in parallel as they branch from a common connection that leads to part 850, labeled "C", and user-engaging components 830 through 832 are connected in parallel as they branch from part 848, as well as being in parallel with component 828 as a result of the parallel connection of parts 846 and 848. Also for extension device 808, series connections exist between mounting component 812; part 850; and the segment that includes all of parts 846, 848, 828, 830, and 832. [0112] Parts 846 through 848 in component 808 are elastic, as suggested by the spring-like marking in parts 846 and 848. Even if part 850 is not elastic, component 808 stretches in response to stretching force applied to one or more of user-engaging components 828, 830, and 832. Further, elastic resistance of component 808 is adjustable because the branching parallel connections between parts 846 and 848 allow use of a subset of user-engaging components 828, 830, and 832: If a user engages all three of components 828, 830, and 832, for example, elastic resistance of component 808 will be different than if the user were to engage only component 828 or, on the other hand, only one or both of components 830 and 832.

[0113] In component 806, part 840 has adjustable length, as indicated by bidirectional arrow 852, while part 842 is elastic, as suggested by a spring-like marking, with adjustable stretch resistance, as indicated by arrow 854 extending across it. Exemplary implementations of adjustable stretch resistance are described below. If part 840 were also elastic, component 806 would stretch in response to stretching force applied to user-engaging component 826 even if part 844 were not elastic, for reasons similar to component 808 as described above.

[0114] Further, even if part 840 were not elastic but were adjusted to a longer length than part 842 when unstretched, component 806 would initially stretch in response to the stretching force until part 842 were stretched to the maximum length allowed by part 840. In this case, part 840 would act as a stretch arrestor or safety tether, limiting the stretching of part 842 to a range with an upper bound determined by the length of part 840. A stretch arrestor can help prevent overstretching, loss of control, and personal injury to a user or to bystanders. [0115] Component 816 is elastic because part 856, labeled "E", is elastic, as suggested by a spring-like marking. Component 818, on the other hand, might not be elastic unless user-engaging component 836 is elastic. In this case, component 818 could be modeled as if it included a elastic part connected in series with a non-elastic user-engaging component, similarly to component 816. The modeled elastic part could then be treated as having elastic resistance F, as suggested by the label "(F)" in component 818.

Similarly, if any of the connections between parts are elastic, each of the elastic connections can be modeled a elastic part with a respective elastic resistance. For simplicity, however, the following discussion assumes that all connections between parts shown in Fig. 8 are not elastic.

[0116] Without intending to be bound to a particular theory of operation, the inventor offers the following observations. In general, when parts with stretch resistances x and y are connected in series, magnitude of their combined stretch resistance z can be approximated by z = xy/(x + y). If x is finite but y is infinite, as would be the case for a elastic part connected in series to a non-elastic part, y/(x + y) « 1 and z « x. Similarly, if the same parts are connected in parallel under conditions in which the stretching force is divided equally between them, magnitude of their combined stretch resistance z can be approximated by z = (x + y). In this case, if y is infinite, then z is also infinite regardless of x, and the segment that includes both parts is non-elastic. In the case of a non-elastic arrestor of fixed length LA with infinite stretch resistance y connected in parallel with a elastic part of stretch resistance x and variable length L( ), where /is the stretching force, there are two regimes: If L( ) < LA, then the combined stretch resistance is x. If L( ) > LA, then the combined stretch resistance is y, i.e. infinite. [0117] Applying these approximations, it can be seen that stretch resistances of components 806 and 808 will depend on the stretch resistances of their parts, with that of component 806 being a function of A and Bl through BN and that of component 808 being a function of C and a subset of Dl through DP, the subset depending on which of components 828, 830, and 832 a user engages. Overall stretch resistance of a component can be adjusted in a wide variety of ways by connecting the component's parts using both series and parallel connections, as illustrated by exemplary implementations described below.

[0118] Fig. 9 shows system 900, an exemplary implementation prepared according to principles of the invention. System 900 includes a plurality of support components installed, such as in a room or other space, and with the support components supporting various extension devices in various positions and orientations. Each extension device has at least one user- engaging component connected to it. Several users are illustratively using system 900, with each user engaging a different combination of the user- engaging components.

[0119] User 902, for example, stands on the floor with each hand engaging a respective user-engaging component connected to a respective extension device. The extension devices are connected to respective mounting components positioned at an appropriate lateral spacing along an overhead horizontal support structure such as a pipe or pipe-like structure. User 902 can therefore apply downward stretching force to the extension devices, and the extension devices can support at least part of the user's body weight.

[0120] User 904 is similarly standing on the floor with each hand engaging a respective user-engaging component connected to a respective extension device. But in this case the extension devices are connected to respective mounting components positioned at appropriate positions along respective vertical support structures such as pipes or pipe-like structures. User 902 can therefore apply lateral, lateral and downward, or lateral and upward stretching force to the extension devices. In the case of lateral and downward stretching force, the extension devices can support at least part of the user's upper body weight, as suggested by the position of user 904.

[0121] User 906 is also standing, but with both hands engaging a bar-like user-engaging component connected at its ends to two extension devices. In this case each of the extension devices is connected to a respective mounting components that is in turn connected to the floor or held in position on the floor: In the illustrated example, the user is standing on a board-like support structure and the mounting components could include holes in the support structure or hooks or other fasteners attached to the support structure, with several available positions at different lateral spacings. The support structure also has two vertical end-boards, on which are several additional available positions for the mounting components, which might be appropriate, for example, for a very tall user.

[0122] User 906 can use the bar-like component to apply upward stretching force to the extension devices. In contrast to users 902, 904, and 906, user 908 is lying on the floor or on a pad or mat on the floor, with each foot engaging a respective user-engaging component connected to a respective extension device. The extension devices are connected to respective mounting components positioned at an appropriate lateral spacing along a pipe or pipelike horizontal support structure mounted in a doorway. User 908 can therefore apply downward stretching force to the extension devices, and the extension devices can support at least part of the user's lower body weight. [0123] User 910 has each hand and each foot engaging a respective user- engaging component connected to a respective extension device. The extension devices for the left hand and foot are connected to respective mounting components positioned at an appropriate lateral spacing along one overhead horizontal support structure such as a pipe or pipe-like structure, and the extension devices for the right hand and foot are connected to respective mounting component positioned at an appropriate lateral spacing along another. User 910 therefore applies downward stretching force to the extension devices, and the extension devices support all of the body weight of user 910.

[0124] Finally, like user 902, user 912 has each hand engaging a respective user-engaging component connected to a respective extension device, and the extension devices are connected to respective mounting components positioned at an appropriate lateral spacing along an overhead horizontal support structure such as a pipe or pipe-like structure. But unlike user 902, the body of user 912 also engages a sling-like user-engaging component that is connected to and extends between the two extension devices.

[0125] In this arrangement, the body of user 902 is supported. The level of support can vary, up to and including full support of the body. This situation is referred to as off-waiting and offers significant advantages over alternative equivalent and methods.

[0126] According to one embodiment, the body of an off -weighted user is fully supported within a sling. The sling is coupled to, and supported by, an appropriate plurality of extension devices (e.g. bungees). The bungees are configured to fully support the sling and user without being fully extended. Thus there is substantial remaining elastic range in the bungees. This provides the user with a training environment that is reassuringly supportive but nevertheless fluid and flexible enough to provide a unique challenge the user's body. When appropriately configured, a user may feel as if he or she can trust the apparatus with his or her life.

[0127] While supported by the sling, configured as above, a user may grasp a further substantially inelastic portion of the apparatus to adjust a position and/or orientation of their body in space. Thus, in one embodiment of the invention, a user lies prone in the sling while grasping with his or her left and right-hand respective grip-step devices. The sling is supported overhead by substantially elastic bungee apparatus, while the grip-step devices are supported by substantially inelastic devices, including e.g., rope and/or webbing.

[0128] The user, thus supported, is able to press with his or her hand against the supporting members of the grip-step or other apparatus so as to elevate and/or reorient the body slightly. Generally this is a downward pressure, which is assisted by the elastic tension provided by the through the sling by the bungees.

[0129] Without intending to be bound to a particular theory of operation, the above-described method of using the apparatus is believed to allow a user to work out a "perfect posture" on the device. The user's movements including stretching and apparent buoyancy within the device cause the balance mechanisms within the user's peripheral nervous system and central nervous system to activate, so as to continually adjust an orientation of the user's body. These adjustments result in a desirable muscle engagement. With repetition this is believed to allow the user to achieve a desired postural form more easily as muscle strength develops and ultimately as the nerves become trained.

[0130] Advantageously, a user may undergo pre- and post-testing to identify opportunities for improvement and advancement in the visual, vestibular and proprioceptive balance mechanisms. According to the invention, iterations of testing is employed where appropriate to the particular results desired.

[0131] Figs. 10A and 10B show examples of how user 912 in Fig. 9 could engage and use a sling-like user-engaging component. In both figures, extension device 1020 connects to a first grip-step user-engaging component 1022 that is engaged with one hand, while another extension device (not shown) on the other side of user 912 connects to a similar grip-step user- engaging component engaged with the other hand. One end of sling-like component 1024 is connected to a parallel set of elastic parts 1026 which, like the elastic part connected to component 1022, connect to a non-elastic part of component 1020 through connecting part 1028. The other end of sling-like component 1024 is similarly connected to the other extension device (not shown).

[0132] In Fig. 10A, user 912 is sitting in sling-like component 1024, which therefore supports at least part of the body weight of user 912. In this position, user 912 can perform exercise/training by pulling downward on component 1022, thus stretching the connected elastic part. In Fig. 10B, user 912 is leaning face-down on sling-like component 1024, which similarly supports at least part of the body weight of user 912. In this position, user can similarly perform exercise/training, but by pushing downward on component 122, thus stretching the connected elastic part. In either of these positions, sling-like component 1024 offloads body weight, cradling the body of user 912 with comfort while supporting the spine. This allows exercises to be done with greater ease, less strain, and less risk of injury, allowing an increase in safe range of motion.

[0133] Fig's 11A and 11B show an example of how user 902 in Fig. 9 or one of the other users described above, possibly user 912 in Fig's 9-10B, could use two extension devices, each including a non-elastic part connected in parallel ; with a set of elastic parts, with the parallel non-elastic part in each case operating as a stretch arrestor or safety tether as described above. In both positions shown in Fig's 11A and 11B, extension device 1100 is connected to mounting component 1102, which in turn connects to a support component. Similarly to component 806 (Fig. 8), extension device 1100 illustratively includes non-elastic part 1104 connected to mounting component 1102 and, connected in parallel, elastic part 1106 and adjustable length non-elastic part 1108. Connecting part 1110 connects one end of part 1104 to ends of parts 1106 and 1108, and the other ends of parts 1106 and 1108 are both connected to user-engaging component 1112, which can be a loop, handle, or other component that a user's hand can hold.

[0134] In the position shown in Fig. 11 A, the left hand of user 102 holds component 1110 and the right hand holds a counterpart user-engaging component of a substantially identical extension device (not shown). User 102 is not, however, applying stretching force to the two extension devices, and part 1108 is therefore hanging slack, because its length is greater than the unstretched length of part 1106, which can, for example, be a set or bundle of elastic cords. As user 102 applies stretching force, a transition indicated by arrow 1120 occurs to the position shown in Fig. 11B, with the length of part 1106 increasing until it reaches the length of part 1108, at which point no further stretching can occur because part 1108 is non-elastic. In this position, part 1108 bears part of the force applied by user 902, including any body weight applied through component 1112, and therefore forms a closed kinetic chain.

[0135] If user 902 very gradually increases the applied stretching force, a gradual lengthening of part 1106 can occur until part of the applied force, including body weight, is transferred from part 1106 to part 1108, and the applied force is then divided between parts 1106 and 1108.

[0136] During the lengthening operation, the elastic resistance of part 1106 in effect acts to absorb shock and provide buoyancy to body weight, serving the goal of a safer, low-impact suspension exercise system. Use of extension devices in this way therefore allows safe body warm up and gradual work toward higher impact exercises that exert higher stress on joints. When extension devices support some or all of a user's body weight during exercise, controlled instability arises in the user's body, which can engage the body's muscle recruitment, strength, and autonomic balance mechanisms, one of the purposes of the extension devices.

[0137] After reaching the position shown in the Fig. 11B, user 902 can hold temporarily and then reduce the stretching force until the elastic resistance of part 1106 shortens its length, causing part 1108 to begin to go slack. If user 902 completely releases the stretching force, a transition indicated by arrow 1122 can occur, returning to the position shown in Fig. 11A.

[0138] The examples in Fig's 9-11B are merely illustrative, and system 900 could include various other extension devices connected to various other types of support components in various other positions and orientations. For example, diagonal support components might be used. Also, users could engage and apply stretching forces in various other ways.

[0139] Fig. 12A shows (with further reference to Fig. 2) a substantially inelastic part 1200. Part 1200 provides an alternative that can be used in place of webbing 232 in an alternative implementation of extension device 200.

[0140] Part 1200 is shown in a slack position, with its upper portion in profile at left in Fig. 12 while the face of its lower portion is shown extending to the right from where the two portions connect. In the illustrated position, part 1200 is thus shown with a slight twist where its upper and lower portions meet. The lower portion could, for example, be approximately four feet in length, with sewn stripes will at six inch spacings to assist in vertical adjustment, such as by positioning one of stripes 1202 at buckle 240 (Fig. 2).

[0141] The upper portion of part 1200 includes sewn points 1204, 1206, and 1208 which in effect create four openings in part 1200 each of which can be used in any appropriate way, such as to mount part 1200 on a support structure, to hold a user-engaging component such as a sling or one end of a pullup or trapeze bar, or other purposes. Loop 1210 extends to the side of part 1200 when hanging, while openings 1212 and 1214 can be within the central vertical line of part 1200 or can be used in mounting. A user could, for example, put upper loop 1216 through one of openings 1212 and 1214 to obtain a clamping effect. Upper loop 1218 has rubber pad 1218 attached to its inner surface to facilitate clamping, such as to pipe 213 (Fig. 2).

[0142] In one successful implementation, part 1200 was made from a single length of woven nylon webbing, with a rubber piece attached for use in clamping to a support structure and with sewing as described above. The length of part 1200 when fully extended between its ends could, for example, be roughly five feet or any other suitable length. Part 1200 could, however, be implemented in various other ways, could also be used in other

implementations of a elastic article, and might also be appropriate for use in a non-elastic article in some cases.

[0143] Fig. 12B shows a portion of a further embodiment including an extension device 1250. The extension device includes a substantially inelastic longitudinal member 1252. In the illustrated embodiment, the longitudinal member 1252 includes a webbing material that is formed of a textile and is substantially wider than it is deep. The longitudinal member 1252 includes a plurality of loops 1254, 1256, 1258, 1260 for purposes to be described herewith. In the illustrated embodiment, the loops are formed by folding the longitudinal member back on itself (e.g. at 1262, 1264) and providing a plurality of sewn seams 1266, 1268, 1270, 1272. The practitioner of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, however, that other alternative joining methods will prove advantageous in various applications and situations.

[0144] One of the loops 1260 is advantageously employed for coupling the extension device 1252 to a supporting member 1290. To achieve this coupling, the longitudinal member is folded back on itself at 1292 and passed through loop 1260 so as to encircle support member 1290 in the illustrated fashion.

[0145] Loop 1262 provides a handhold and, in certain embodiments, includes a cushion portion 1294. Loops 1256 and 1258 are adapted to support a trapeze bar when two or more of the extension devices 1250 are arranged in parallel to one another. In use, the user may grasp the trapeze bar while standing on a grip-step device (not shown) that is coupled to one or more of rings 1294 and 1296. Loops 1256 and 1258 may also be used as supplementary handgrip loops.

[0146] A plurality of calibration markings are disposed at regular intervals along a further portion of the longitudinal member. These calibration markings, 1274, 1276, 1278, 1280, 1282, 1284, are useful for locating an extendable portion 1286 of the extension device including an extension arrestor like that shown 202 in Fig. 2. For this purpose, the extendable portion 1286 is releasably coupled to the longitudinal member 1252 with, for sample, a spring release grip coupling 1288 or other appropriate local device.

Accordingly, the extendable portion 1286 can be moved to various locations along the longitudinal member 1252.

[0147] Selection of an appropriate location is aided by the presence of the calibration markings, e.g. 1274. In the illustrated embodiment, these calibration markings are formed by sewing additional thread into and through the body of the longitudinal member. Preferably, the thread has a color that contrasts with a color of the longitudinal member.

[0148] In an alternative embodiment, the calibrations markings are formed on the longitudinal member 1252 by scorching a corresponding surface region of the longitudinal member. To achieve this effect, a heated device (i.e., a specialized iron) having appropriate temperature is briefly placed in contact with the respective surface region. A heat cutter may be advantageously applied to this purpose. The resulting scorch mark is advantageously visible and substantially permanent, without diminishing in any significant way a tensile strength of the longitudinal member. Webbing having a tensile strength of 1000 pounds is advantageously employed in some embodiments. Notwithstanding these advantages, alternative marking methods may be employed, including the use of paint, or ink.

[0149] The interval between markings may be chosen at any desirable length. As a typical example, a 4 inch interval is used. Generally speaking the marks are placed transversely across the longitudinal member. In certain embodiments, the transverse marks traverse the entire width of the longitudinal member.

[0150] In certain advantageous embodiments, the scorch marks are formed having a depth sufficient to produce a sound when the grip coupling 1288 is advanced across the mark. In some circumstances, this sound allows for adjustment of the grip coupling position without the necessity of visual confirmation.

[0151] Fig. 12C shows a further extension device 1230 repaired according to principals of the invention. Device 1230 includes certain features which may be advantageously employed as shown in this or in any of the other embodiments presented herewith. In particular, device 1230 includes a substantially flexible longitudinal member 1232 having a carabiner style coupling 1234 at the upper end thereof. The coupling 1234 is readily adapted to be coupled to a support member such as a pipe 1236.

[0152] The longitudinal member 1232 includes a trapeze bar loop 1238 as previously described. In addition, it includes a handle loop 1240 as previously described. The handle loop 1240 is releasably slidingly coupled to the longitudinal member 1232 with a spring release grip coupling 1244. A further spring release grip coupling 1246 releasably slidingly couples an extendable portion 1248 (including extension arrestor) to the longitudinal member 1232. The location of the spring release grip couplings 1244 and 1246 is facilitated by the presence of calibration markings 1249 on the longitudinal member. It should be understood as release grip coupling may include any appropriate coupling including any buckle or toggle coupling.

[0153] Fig. 13 partially shows elastic article 1300, other non-shown parts of which can be implemented like article 200 in Fig. 2. In article 1300, ring 1304, which can be implemented as a D-shaped steel ring, replaces buckle device 240 (Fig. 2) and is similarly connected to the end of webbing 1308 by being sewn into a loop together with ring 1310.

[0154] An upper non-elastic part of article 1300 includes cord 1302, a substantially inelastic cord that is illustratively similar in diameter to each bungee device e.g., 212 (Fig. 2). Cord 1302 can be implemented with a woven nylon cord of suitable length, such as thirteen to fifteen feet. A support structure can hold the upper end of cord 1302 in any appropriate way that allows lateral and lengthwise adjustments, including, for example, ways described below in relation to Fig. 9. Cord 1302 can be connected to ring 1304 similarly to the way in which bungee 212 is connected to ring 220 in figure 2. The end of cord 1302 can be bent back and enclosed in sleeve arrangement 1306 to form a loop around one side of ring 1304.

[0155] Fig. 14 shows elastic article 1400, an implementation with a single substantially inelastic cord including both an upper segment included in an upper non-elastic part of article 1400 and also a lower segment included in a lower non-elastic part that can serve as an extension arrestor.

[0156] Like articles 180 (Fig. 7) and 1300 (Fig. 8), article 1400 could be used as an extension device of an exer rise/training system such as systems 10 and 100 described above and includes upper and lower non-elastic parts connected in series, with the lower non-elastic part also being connected in parallel with a set of elastic parts. In the position shown, article 1400 is supported on an overhead pipe 1402 by spool-like part 1404, another example of a mounting component. Specifically, cord 1406 extends over part 1404 and can be secured in any suitable way, such as in one of the ways described below in relation to implementations of mounting components similar to part 1404.

[0157] Cord 1406 extends through rope wedge connector 1410, within which it engages a rope cleat or wedge that can lock cord 1406 in position relative to connector 1410, as shown in Fig. 10, a cross-sectional view through connector 1410 taken along line 10-10 in Fig. 9. Connector 1410 can be hard plastic material with holes 1412 extending through it, so that a pair of elastic cords 1414 can be connected to each hole in substantially the same way as pairs of cords are connected to ring 1310 (Fig. 13), with all cords extending substantially the same distance below connector 1410. As in article 200 (Fig. 2), the free end of each of cords 1414 is connected to a respective ring 1416, and the free end of cord 1406 is similarly connected to ring 1418. Article 1400 can also include a retention ring (not shown), e.g. a circular steel ring, extending around cord 1406 and at least some of cords 1414 and limiting the extent to which cord 1406 can move away from cords 1414. Cord 1406 can be a non-elastic nylon rope or cord of suitable length, cords 1414 can be bungee cords as described above, and rings 1416 and 1418 can all be circular steel rings. As in article 200 (Fig. 2), a spring clip can be connected to any appropriate subset of rings 1416 and 1418 and also to a suitable user-engaging component of any appropriate type. [0158] To adjust a lateral position of article 1400 along pipe 1402, as suggested by bidirectional arrows 1403, it is only necessary to move part 1404 relative to pipe 1402, such as in ways described below. To adjust a lateral distance between two such articles, an appropriate combination of lateral adjustment of the two of them can be made, such as to fit a user's body width so that each hand can engage a user-engaging component attached to one of the articles. Similarly, to adjust vertical position, a user can reposition cord 1406 on part 1404, moving it upward or downward as suggested by bidirectional arrows 1422. Also, to modify the length of the lower portion of cord 1406 that operates as an arrestor, a user can disengage cord 1406 from connector 1410, move cord 1406 upward or downward as suggested by bidirectional arrows 1424, and then reengage cord 1406 with connector 1410 as shown in Fig. 15.

[0159] The reader will note that many, though not all, of the embodiments discussed include a device with an assembly of solid support lines (rope or webbing), a plurality of elastic cords and connection hardware, along with specific and various methods of mounting, adjustment, and user interface. Such a device can be used alone or together with other such devices for greater versatility. Two or more duplicate devices can support some or all of a user's body weight and can be configured in various relative positions, with various dimensions, levels of resistance, and functions.

[0160] A user's body weight can then be leveraged and balanced against the constant force of gravity using the devices. The user can use the devices to perform exercises, such as open kinetic chain exercises for individual muscles, muscle groups, muscle kinetic chains, or offloading the whole body. Exercise movements with the elastic resistance of such devices can create a condition of controlled instability in a user's body, engaging the user's autonomic balancing and corrective neuromuscular mechanisms. It is believed that neuroplasticity of the brain allows for such movements and consequent bodily balance mechanisms to reconfigure muscle firing patterns in weak muscles of a kinetic chain. As a result, the body engages dormant or inhibited muscles and tension in overused or injured muscles is lowered, allowing a healthier, more balanced musculo-skeletal system.

[0161] Figs. 16A and 16B show mounting article 1600, an example of how mounting components such as part 1404 (Fig. 14) can be implemented. Fig. 16B is a cross-sectional view of article 1600 taken along line 16B-16B in Fig. 16A. Article 1600 has a circular central opening through which pipe 1602 illustratively extends in an axial direction, and article 1600 illustratively has features that secure it in position on pipe 1602 regardless of whether pipe 1602 extends horizontally, vertically, obliquely, and so forth. Rather than having a circular central opening for a pipe, article 1600 could be

implemented with any appropriately sized and shaped openings for any suitable support component.

[0162] Spring-loaded plunger assembly 1604 is held firmly in a hole oriented radially to the axis of the central opening of article 1600, with an outer sleeve, a pin, and a biasing spring (not shown) urging the pin toward a position in which it extends into the central opening, as shown in Fig. 16B. In an exemplary implementation, ring 1606 (Fig. 16A) is attached through a hole in the outer end of the pin and can be used to pull the pin radially outward and also to rotate it relative to the outer sleeve. The outer sleeve has lengthwise slots to accommodate ring 1606 in one orientation, but in other orientations catches ring 1606 on its end such that the pin is held in a retracted position in which it does not extend into the central opening, as shown in Fig. 16A. Bidirectional arrows 1608 (Fig. 16B) indicate the directions in which the pin can move.

[0163] Pipe 1602 can have a series of depressions or holes 1620 bored in a row, such as along its downward-facing side if pipe 1602 is horizontal or at an angle so that hole 1628 (Fig. 16B) is at the top side of article 1600. Each of holes 1620 can be just large enough to hold the pin of assembly 1604 as shown in Fig. 16B, thus securing article 1600 in position relative to pipe 1602. Pipe 1602 can also have line 1622, e.g. a lightly scored line, running through holes 1620, while article 1600 can have a position indicator (not shown) such as a screw or marking on the outer side of its ends 1624 and 1626 to show the position of assembly 1604. A user inserting pipe 1602 can then more easily find a position in which assembly 1604 is aligned with one of holes 1620 by aligning line 1622 with the position indicator while sliding article 1600 in a desired direction along pipe 1602.

[0164] Article 1600 also has various features for engaging one or more ropes or cords. Each of its ends 1624 and 1626 can have at least one hole through which a rope or cord can extend, such as hole 1628 (Fig. 16B). Pulleys 1630 and 1634 are mounted adjacent hole 1628 by screws loose enough to allow the pulleys to turn, and pulley 1632 and another pulley opposite pulley 1634 are similarly mounted adjacent a hole opposite hole 1628 in end 1624. Rope wedges 1640 and 1642 are mounted tightly, such as with screws, and in positions such that they can be used to secure a rope or cord extending around pulleys 1630 and 1632, respectively.

[0165] Article 1600 as in Figs. 16A and 16B has been successfully

implemented by machining a laminated wood workpiece to have a shape and holes as shown and by then attaching spring-loaded plunger assembly 1604; rope wedges 1640 and 1642; pulleys 1630, 1632, and 1634 (and a counterpart pulley of pulley 1634, positioned symmetrically on the opposite side); and a plastic cover (not shown) that extends over the pulleys and the nearby part of rope wedges 1640 and 1642.

[0166] One of skill in the art will readily appreciate that other techniques and methods of manufacturing are equally well applicable to the present invention. Thus article 1600, and/or components thereof, could also be manufactured by any other appropriate method including, without limitation, injection molding or any other molding process, extrusion, drop forging, powder metallurgy, including sintering and rapid prototyping/three- dimensional printing.

[0167] Figs. 17A-18 show some of the various ways that a pair of articles implemented similarly to article 1600 can be configured to support stretching articles such as a pair of articles like article 1300 (Fig. 13) or a pair of articles like article 1400 (Fig. 14). In the illustrated implementations, holes like hole 1628 (Fig. 16B) are positioned upward, as suggested in relation to Fig. 17A. Also, for simplicity, the articles are abstract, showing in each case only the rope-engaging parts relevant to the illustrated configuration.

[0168] In the configuration of Figs. 17A and 17B, mounting articles 1710 and 1712 are mounted on pipe 1714, and can be secured as described above in relation to Figs. 16A and 16B. Article 1710 is similar to article 1600 (Fig. 16A), with at least rope wedges 1720 and 1722, pulley 1724, and a hole positioned like hole 1628 (Fig. 16A). Article 1712 is also similar, with pulley 1726 and a hole positioned at the opposite end from the position of hole 1628 (Fig. 16A). [0169] The side view in Fig. 17 A shows rope 1730 hanging down from article 1710 and rope 1732 hanging down from article 1712. As also shown in the top view in Fig. 17B, rope 1730 extends over article 1710 and is held in place by wedge 1720, with its loose end extending to the left. Rope 1732, on the other hand, extends around pulley 1726 on article 1712, then through facing holes in articles 1712 and 1710 and around pulley 1724 to where it is similarly held in place by wedge 1722, with its loose end also extending to the left.

[0170] The configuration shown in Figs. 17A and 17B could also be implemented in mirror image, i.e., with a mirror image of article 1710 on the right and with a mirror image of article 1712 on the left. In such a mirror image implementation, the loose ends of ropes 1730 and 1732 would extend off to the right rather than to the left as in Figs. 17A and 17B.

[0171] In the configuration of Fig. 18, mounting articles 1810 and 1812 are similarly mounted and secured on pipe 1714. Articles 1810 and 1812 are each similar to article 1600 (Fig. 16A): Article 1810 has at least rope wedges 1820 and 1822, pulley 1824, and a hole positioned like hole 1628 (Fig. 16A). Article 1812 has at least rope wedges 1830 and 1832, as well as pulley 434 and a hole positioned at the opposite end from the position of hole 1628 (Fig. 16A).

[0172] As shown in the top view in Fig. 18, rope 1840 extends over article 1810, is held in place by wedge 1820, and hangs down on both sides of article 1810, such that one or both ends could be connected to a user-engaging component. Similarly, rope 1842 extends over article 1812, is held in place by wedge 1832, and hangs down on both sides of article 1812, such that one or both ends could be connected to a user-engaging component. Rope 1844, on the other hand, extends around pulley 1824, through the two holes, and around 1834, hanging down on one side of both of articles 1810 and 1812 but not secured by a rope wedge, so that it would be appropriate for connection to a two-ended user-engaging component such as a trapeze bar.

[0173] Various other mounting articles similar to those in Figs. 16A-18 could be implemented and applied in a wide variety of ways, some of which are suggested in Fig. 9. The ease of adjusting lateral spacing between two mounting articles is of particular importance in applications in which one user-engaging component is on each side of a user. A lateral adjustment along a pipe can be made quickly and easily using techniques described above in relation to Figs. 16A and 16B.

[0174] The cross section in Fig. 17 is taken along line 17-17 in Fig. 16. It shows grip part 462 with PVC tube 480 and foam layer 482. Inside PVC tube 480 are webbing 484, part of the upper loop shown in Fig. 16, and webbings 486 and 488, parts of the lower loops shown in Fig. 16. Although webbings 484, 486, and 488 are shown spaced apart, increasing the width of the webbings can result in interference between the different loops.

[0175] The cross section in Fig. 18, taken along a line like that in Fig. 17, shows grip part 490, an alternative implementation in which parts that are the same as in Fig. 17 have the same reference numerals. The main difference is the addition of PVC tube 492, a smaller tube through which webbing 484 extends while webbings 486 and 488 extend through tube 480 in the area outside tube 492. This configuration improves on that of Fig 17, with webbing 484 and tube 492 able to move freely within tube 480 and with the exterior surface of tube 492 helping to guide the lower loops when one of them is pulled, allowing smoother adjustment of the lower loops. [0176] A grip-step as in Figs. 5A-5C can provide full body support, with padded comfort at any of several positions along a user's body and with the user able to leverage body weight as an exercise workout. The continuous, double loop of webbing allows users of various sizes and shapes to maximize exertion by comfortably executing bodily movements while avoiding muscle- inhibiting pain that might be caused by other, ill-fitting slings and handles. A user who lacks pain can execute movements properly, whereas pain would create a reflex of muscle inhibition as a self-protective mechanism.

[0177] Configurations in which such a sling article can be used include (1) with two loops of equal size, one padded, for a hand grip; (2) with two loops of equal size for foot arch placement; (3) with two loops of similar size, a padded one under the Achilles tendon area and the other under the arch for a cradling effect; (4) with two loops, one short and between the ball and toes of the foot and the other padded and under the Achilles area of the ankle; (5) with two loops, one short and under the Achilles and the other longer and under the toes, providing a more proximal fulcrum point than (4); (6) with two loops, one completely shortened, one completely lengthened in order to provide a wide open, padded sling for placement of the arm, leg, or back of the head/neck area; (7) with two loops of similar length for cradling the knee or the elbow; (8) with a toe loop on the non-padded loop for harnessing the toes in order to avoid loop slippage off of the original foot placement; and (9) with the PVC foam grip rolled under an arched plantar area of the foot, providing a plantar flexion exercise capability. In short, the sling article is a multi-function accessory of an exercise/training system; in a setting in which both professional fitness training and corrective therapies are performed, a sling article can provide many functions with only a brief moment between individual exercises or movement, creating potential for more cost effective services. [0178] Fig. 19 shows a further embodiment of the invention including a method 1900 of employing two extension devices 1902, 1904, and a generally flexible pillow 1906. As illustrated, a user 1908 grasps respective grip-step devices 1910, 1912, while standing on the pillow 1906. The orientation of the user 1908 may be substantially vertical 1914, or at an oblique angle to vertical 1916, according to a desired outcome. The indicated combination of extension devices 1902, 1904 and generally flexible pillow 1906 provides an instability advantageously employed towards the purposes of the invention.

[0179] Fig. 20 shows a further embodiment of the invention including a method 2000 of employing an extension device 2002 according to principles of the invention. As illustrated, a bungee 2004 is folded back on itself 2006. A ring 2008 of the bungee is coupled to support the bungee in this folded configuration with, for example, a carabiner 2010. A further carabiner 2012 is deployed to couple a grip-step 2014 to the folded bungee 2004.

[0180] In this arrangement, the bungee may be used to support the grip- step and, thereby, a user. In the illustrated configuration, the strength (i.e., the spring constant) of the bungee is effectively approximately doubled. One of skill in the art will appreciate that this advantage is achieved at the expense of effectively halving the overall extension of the bungee. Nonetheless, in some circumstances this method of using the illustrated apparatus will be beneficial.

[0181] A wide variety of other methods and processes for using the above- described equipment fall within the scope of the present invention. It is an advantage of the equipment, and of these methods, that the dynamic instability achieved by a user coupled to the inventive apparatus is similar in many respects to corresponding states of instability found in a wide variety of athletic activities and sports. In addition, the correspondence of these states of dynamic instability to those found in many everyday activities, such as walking, running, dancing, standing, carrying objects and maintaining healthful posture, renders the practice of the invention therapeutic in restoring many of these functions where they have been impaired or lost.

[0182] The following activities are performed as methods of the invention. In the course of performing these activities activity, a user is coupled to a single grip-step with one hand and a user is coupled to two grip-steps with two hands. Each activity is performed at various angles of user orientation from vertical to substantially oblique. Optionally, the activity is performed while the user is standing on a flexible pillow. Having established these parameters, the user is instructed to bounce using ankles and calves; bounce using ankles and calves, knees and thighs; perform lateral ankle tilts in unloaded condition; perform lateral ankle tilts in loaded condition; perform lateral ankle tilts with piano toes in unloaded condition; perform lateral ankle tilts with piano toes in loaded condition; perform medial ankle tilts in unloaded condition; perform medial ankle tilts in loaded condition; perform medial ankle tilts with piano toes in unloaded condition; and perform medial ankle tilts with piano toes in loaded condition.

[0183] Further activities within the scope of the invention employing the parameters identified above include instructing the user to place toes lateral in an unloaded condition; place toes lateral in a loaded condition; place toes medial in an unloaded condition; place toes medial in a loaded condition; place toes middle in an unloaded condition; place toes middle in a loaded condition; place toes in high half toe while in an unloaded condition; place toes in a high half toe while in a loaded condition; perform ankle circles in an unloaded condition; perform ankle circles in a loaded condition; perform unilateral ankle circles; and perform bilateral ankle circles.

[0184] Additional activities within the scope of the invention employing the parameters identified above include instructing the user to perform knee circles in an unloaded condition; perform knee circles in a loaded condition; perform knee pendulums from side to side; perform knee pendulums front to back; perform hip circles unloaded; perform hip circles loaded; perform hip circles semi-unloaded; and elevate and lower hips.

[0185] Further activities within the scope of the invention employing the parameters identified above include irtstructing the user to perform a pelvic tuck; execute a flat; perform a thoracic stretch; protract the lumbar region; and retract the lumbar region.

[0186] Additional activities within the scope of the invention employing the parameters identified above include instmcting the user to perform chin nods; perform lateral cervical tilt; perform cervical rotation; perform cervical circles; perform shoulder cam shafts with arm in front; perform shoulder cam shafts with arm at 45°; perform shoulder cam shafts with arm abducted;

perform unilateral shoulder cam shafts; and perform bilateral shoulder cam shafts.

[0187] As previously noted, apparatus and systems prepared according to principles of the invention may include a wide variety of materials selected according to the requirements of a particular application and/or embodiment. These materials may include, for example, natural polymers, synthetic polymers, metallic materials (including without limitation, various metallic alloys), inorganic materials (including without limitation, ceramic materials), composite materials and other combinations thereof.

[0188] Suitable polymers for use in preparing the apparatus of the invention may include, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, polystyrene, polyester, acrylic polymers, polyvinylchloride, polyamide, or polyetherimide like ULTEM.RTM.; a polymeric alloy such as Xenoy.RTM. resin, which is a composite of polycarbonate and polybutyleneterephthalate or Lexan.RTM. plastic, which is a copolymer of polycarbonate and

isophthalate terephthalate resorcinol resin (all available from GE Plastics), liquid crystal polymers, such as an aromatic polyester or an aromatic polyester amide containing, as a constituent, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid (such as hydroxybenzoate (rigid monomer), hydroxynaphthoate (flexible monomer), an aromatic hydroxyarnine and an aromatic diamine, (exemplified in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,242,063, 6,274,242, 6,643,552 and 6,797,198, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference), polyesterimide anhydrides with terminal anhydride group or lateral anhydrides (exemplified in U.S. Pat. No. 6,730,377, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference) or combinations thereof.

[0189] In addition, any polymeric composite such as engineering prepregs or composites, which are polymers filled with pigments, carbon particles, silica, glass fibers, conductive particles such as metal particles or conductive polymers, or mixtures thereof may also be used. For example, a blend of polycarbonate and ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) may be used

[0190] Suitable metallic materials may include, for example, stainless steel; aluminum; an alloy such as Ni/Ti alloy; any amorphous metals including those available from Liquid Metal, Inc. or similar ones, such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,682,611, and U.S. Patent Application No.

2004/0121283, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0191] While the exemplary embodiments described above have been chosen primarily from the field of optical communication, one of skill in the art will appreciate that the principles of the invention are equally well applied, and that the benefits of the present invention are equally well realized in a wide variety of other communications systems including, for example, electronic command and control systems. Further, while the invention has been described in detail in connection with the presently preferred embodiments, it should be readily understood that the invention is not limited to such disclosed embodiments. Rather, the invention can be modified to incorporate any number of variations, alterations, substitutions, or equivalent arrangements not heretofore described, but which are commensurate with the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the invention is not to be seen as limited by the foregoing description, but is only limited by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. An exercise apparatus comprising:

an extension device having a first user accessible adjustment feature providing an adjustable tensile elastic characteristic, said extension device having a top end and a bottom end, said extension device including a coupling feature at said top end, said coupling feature being adapted to receive elevated support so as to orient a longitudinal axis of said extension device downwardly of said coupling feature when in use, whereby said extension device is adapted to bear at least a portion of a user's weight; and an extension arrestor, said extension arrestor having a second user accessible adjustment feature, said second adjustment feature being adapted to adjust a configured length of said extension arrestor, said configured length defining a maximum configured extension of said extension device.

2. An exercise apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said extension arrestor is coupled between said top end and said bottom end of said extension device.

3. An exercise apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said extension device comprises a spring.

4. An exercise apparatus as defined in claim 3 wherein said spring is disposed in tension when in use.

5. An exercise apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said extension device comprises a plurality of substantially elastic members.

6. An exercise apparatus as defined in claim 5, wherein said substantially elastic members comprise an elastic rope

7. An exercise apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said first adjustment feature comprises a connector arranged to allow for removable coupling of one or more of said plurality of substantially elastic members between said top end and said bottom end.

8. An exercise apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said extension device includes at least one circumferential external surface disposed between said top end and said bottom end, and said extension arrestor disposed outward of said circumferential external surface.

9. An exercise apparatus comprising:

an extension device having a first user accessible adjustment feature providing an adjustable tensile elastic characteristic, said extension device having a top end and a bottom end, said extension device including a coupling feature at said top end, said coupling feature being adapted to receive elevated support so as to orient a longitudinal axis of said extension device downwardly of said coupling feature when in use, whereby said extension device is adapted to bear at least a portion of a user's weight;

an extension arrester, said extension arrestor having a second user accessible adjustment feature, said second adjustment feature being adapted to adjust a configured length of said extension arrestor, said configured length defining a maximum configured extension of said extension device; and

a grip device, said grip device being adapted to be coupled to said bottom end, said grip device including a body portion with a bore

therethrough, said grip device including a first loop portion and a second loop portion.