WO2012070055A1 - Procédé, système et configuration pour système d'énergie océanique à dessalement intégré - Google Patents

Procédé, système et configuration pour système d'énergie océanique à dessalement intégré Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012070055A1
WO2012070055A1 PCT/IN2010/000800 IN2010000800W WO2012070055A1 WO 2012070055 A1 WO2012070055 A1 WO 2012070055A1 IN 2010000800 W IN2010000800 W IN 2010000800W WO 2012070055 A1 WO2012070055 A1 WO 2012070055A1
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Prior art keywords
ocean
water
ammonia
energy
desalination
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PCT/IN2010/000800
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English (en)
Inventor
Ebenezer Muthunayagam Abraham
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Ebenezer Muthunayagam Abraham
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Application filed by Ebenezer Muthunayagam Abraham filed Critical Ebenezer Muthunayagam Abraham
Publication of WO2012070055A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012070055A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
    • F03G7/04—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using pressure differences or thermal differences occurring in nature
    • F03G7/05—Ocean thermal energy conversion, i.e. OTEC
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/06—Flash evaporation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • PROCESS SYSTEM AND CONFIGURATION FOR INTEGRATED OCEAN ENERGY CUM DESALINATION SYSTEM
  • This invention relates to Process, System and Configuration for Integrated Ocean Energy cum Desalination system.
  • the Low Pressure Distillation (LPD) process for which an Indian patent No.196396 of 21 02 2003 titled “A process, system and configuration for desalination of sea water” was granted to the inventor is modified to integrate the Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion process to establish an integrated Ocean Energy cum Desalination system.
  • LPD Low Pressure Distillation
  • Ammonia is used as a working fluid in a closed loop system.
  • This ammonia could be substituted by other suitable alternates as well.
  • Liquid ammonia is circulated through a Fresh Water Condenser, a low pressure heat exchanger where the water vapor which is produced by flashing saline water from the upper strata of ocean in a Water Vaporizer is condensed. Then this ammonia liquid or vapor or liquid- vapor mixture is passed through Ammonia Vaporizer, another heat exchanger where it is heated by required quantity of saline water from the upper strata of the ocean and converted totally as ammonia vapor which meets the design requirements.
  • This ammonia vapor drives a low pressure ammonia turbine which is coupled to an electric generator to produce electricity.
  • the ammonia discharged from the turbine is passed through an Ammonia Condenser, a third heat exchanger where it is condensed as liquid ammonia , using the cold water from the ocean depth around 1000 meters and re-circulated.
  • Both the Water Vaporizer and the Fresh Water Condenser are maintained at the designed low pressure using a vacuum pumping system which has mechanical and or ejector systems.
  • the un-evaporated water from the Water Vaporizer and the fresh water condensate from the Fresh Water Condenser are discharged to the atmosphere through independent barometric wells with out the use of any pumping system.
  • the major sub systems are Saline Water Vaporization System, Fresh Water Condenser System, Ammonia Vaporization System, Ammonia condensation System, Power Plant System, etc. All these subsystems except the Ammonia Condensation System are housed on a floating platform and moored at a water depth of about 1000 meters.
  • the Ammonia Condensation System is mounted on a suitable structure and fixed on to the ocean bed.
  • the electric energy produced in the system is used for the operation of all equipments, machineries and accessories which are used in the operation of the entire system. External energy is required during the start up till the system is stabilized. This system will have no dependency on external power sources when in operation.
  • the thermal power station is established near a sea coast and it draws sea water for cooling operations in thermal station.
  • NIOT National Institute of Ocean Technology
  • NIOT National Institute of Ocean Technology
  • This plant is still operational and supplying desalinated water to the Island community.
  • NIOT adopts the same principle and process as patented by the inventor but NIOT had named the system as Low Temperature Desalination system (LTTD) instead of the name Low Pressure Distillation (LPD) for Desalination given by the inventor.
  • LTTD Low Temperature Desalination system
  • LPD Low Pressure Distillation
  • NIOT has demonstrated this concept with a barge mounted system with a capacity of 1.0 MLD off shore with limited experimentation. All the above systems so far demonstrated had Diesel Generators to supply the power for operations.
  • Saga University demonstrated a Laboratory model plant with a capacity of 75- KW in 1984 which operates on closed Rankine cycle. Further in 1995 Saga University (Japan) introduced Uehara closed cycle in 1995 with a capacity of 9KW. Saga University has done a lot of studies for improving the cycle efficiency. In 1998, the National Institute of Ocean Technology of Government of India initiated the development towards a I MW Gross Rankine Cycle floating plant. This project could not be commissioned due to difficulties in establishing the cooling water from the ocean depth of about 1000 meters. Deepwater Structures of US is proposing a new design for OTEC with modification in the configuration of the OTEC plants so far established. Lockheed Martin is working on a 10 MW OTEC plant with Rankine closed cycle, which adopts the concepts which they have studied in the past.
  • the desalinated water from the offshore Desalination plant shall be transported to on shore Receiving stations along the coast using appropriate transportation systems between the Desalination plant and the Receiving stations arid distributed to users.
  • the invention relates to the process, system and configuration of the integrated Ocean Energy cum Desalination System as a whole which is new and novel to be protected by a Patent.
  • the ocean is the largest solar energy collector and the solar energy is stored in the upper strata of the ocean resulting in a temperature difference of about 20°C between the water in the upper strata and the water at the depth of about 1000 meters.
  • a thermodynamic system is possible to generate electric energy, off shore utilizing this temperature difference, through Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) devices.
  • OTEC Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
  • This, electrical energy can be used to operate the off shore Low Pressure Distillation (LPD) Desalination plant and all accessories.
  • LPD Low Pressure Distillation
  • This fresh water produced off shore can be transported to receiving stations along the coast and distributed to users. Supply of external energy to this off shore plant is required only during the start up operations. This could be from on board offshore Diesel Generators or from on shore sources of power supply. 4.PROCESS- Summary.
  • LPD Low Pressure Distillation
  • Ammonia is used as a working fluid in a closed loop system. This ammonia could be substituted by other suitable alternates as well.
  • Liquid ammonia is circulated through a heat exchanger at low pressure where it condenses water vapor which is produced by flashing saline water from the upper strata of ocean in a Vaporizer and picks up heat and becomes fully or partially as per the design. If required then this ammonia liquid or vapor or liquid- vapor mixture is passed through another heat exchanger where it is heated by required quantity of saline water from the upper strata of the ocean and converted totally as ammonia vapor at the stipulated conditions as per the design.
  • This ammonia vapor drives a low pressure ammonia turbine which is coupled to an electric generator to produce electricity.
  • the ammonia discharged from the turbine is passed through a third heat exchanger where it is condensed as liquid ammonia and re-circulated.
  • the cold water from the ocean depth around 1000 meters is used to condense the ammonia vapor in the third heat exchanger.
  • both desalination process and energy generation process are integrated with a common working fluid.
  • the warm saline water from the upper strata of the ocean is injected in to a Water Vaporizer, maintained at a pressure lower than the saturated water vapor pressure, corresponding to the temperature of the injected water.
  • Water vapors are produced without any energy addition.
  • These vapors are condensed in Fresh water condenser-HE 1, a heat exchanger, which is also maintained at required low pressure.
  • the liquid ammonia which is the working fluid of the Ocean thermal Energy conversion device is used as the coolant in the Fresh water condenser - HE 1.
  • the condensed fresh water is discharged to the atmosphere through barometric well.
  • the required level of vacuum is maintained in both the Water Vaporizer for vaporizing the warm saline water from the upper strata of the ocean and Fresh water condenser -HE 1 for condensing water vapor using vacuum pumping systems using mechanical pumps and or ejectors.
  • Ammonia is the working fluid in the Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion process which operates in a closed cycle. In this cycle the ammonia liquid is first used as the cooling fluid in the Fresh water condenser (HE— 1) where the water vapor from the Water Vaporizer of the 0
  • Desalination plant is condensed.
  • This Liquid ammonia picks up heat and becomes fully or partially as ammonia vapor depending on the system design. If required then this ammonia liquid or vapor or liquid- vapor mixture, is passed through Ammonia vaporizer which is another heat exchanger HE 2 where it is heated by required quantity of saline water from the upper strata of the ocean and converted totally as ammonia vapor at the stipulated conditions as per the design.
  • Ammonia vaporizer which is another heat exchanger HE 2 where it is heated by required quantity of saline water from the upper strata of the ocean and converted totally as ammonia vapor at the stipulated conditions as per the design.
  • produced ammonia vapor drives a low pressure turbine which is coupled to an electric generator to produce electric power.
  • ammonia vapor which is discharged from the turbine is condensed as liquid ammonia in Ammonia condenser, another heat exchanger HE3 where the cold ocean water from the depth of about 1000 meters is used as cooling fluid.
  • This liquid ammonia is recycled and operates in a closed cycle with suitable by— pass to meet design requirements.
  • the Off shore Integrated Ocean Energy cum Desalination system has the following major sub systems
  • SWVS Saline Water Vaporization System
  • This saline water vaporization system has a large volume vacuum chamber which is designated as Water Vaporizer.
  • This Water Vaporizer is maintained at the required low pressure by suitable vacuum pumping system.
  • the warm saline water from the upper strata of the ocean is injected into this Water Vaporizer through appropriate injection system to facilitate fast generation of large volumes of water vapor with minimum pressure drop.
  • This Injection systems could adopt multiple injectors including swirls to provide large surface areas for quick evaporation.
  • the un- evaporated large volume of saline water is discharged back to the ocean at suitable place through barometric wells. This will require the positioning of the Vaporizer at a minimum height of one atmosphere of saline water above the free surface in the barometric well which is open to atmosphere.
  • the system has fluid circuits, pumps, fluid control components, control & instrumentation system etc.
  • This Fresh Water Condensation system has a Fresh water condenser (HE-1) where the water vapor generated at Water Vaporizer is condensed, using the working fluid liquid ammonia as the cooling fluid.
  • the cooling fluid which is discharged from the Fresh water condenser is passed through the Ammonia Vaporization system.
  • the fresh water condensate in the Fresh water condenser HE-1 is discharged to the atmosphere through barometric well with out additional pumping system.
  • the system has fluid circuits, pumps, fluid control components, control & instrumentation system etc.
  • This ammonia vaporization system has an Ammonia Vaporizer which is another heat exchanger HE2,where the working fluid ammonia is totally converted as ammonia vapor as per the design requirement using the warm saline water from the upper strata of the ocean.
  • the discharge saline water from the Ammonia Vaporizer is discharged back to the ocean suitably.
  • the ammonia vapor produced is used to drive a low pressure ammonia turbine which is coupled to an electric generator to produce electric power.
  • the system has fluid circuits ⁇ pumps, fluid control components, control & instrumentation system etc.
  • This ammonia condensation system has Ammonia Condenser which is another heat exchanger HE3, where the ammonia which is discharged from ammonia turbine is condensed as liquid ammonia using the cold ocean water from the ocean depth of about 1000 meters as cooling water.
  • the cooling fluid outlet from the Ammonia condenser is discharged into the ocean suitably.
  • the condensed ammonia liquid is recycled in the closed loop system with suitable by - pass circuits.
  • the system has fluid circuits, pumps, fluid control components, control & instrumentation system etc.
  • the low pressure ammonia turbine and the electric generator system with all accessories is another major system which is designed to the specific requirements of the total system.
  • the system should be integrated with the total system with proper interface so that the power generation will automatically cut off the external power supply when it reaches the operating conditions satisfactorily.
  • the linkages with the instrumentation & control systems and operator's panel should be as per user requirements.
  • the systems for transient storage of fresh water produced, the servicing and transportation system for the desalinated water from the desalination plant to the receiving stations on shore and further distribution systems are site specific and user specific.
  • the first one Upper Platform
  • the second one Bottom platform fixed to the sea bed.
  • Different sub systems and components shall be suitably integrated with linkages and necessary rigidity.
  • the Upper platform shall be housed in a suitably designed Spar which will float in the upper strata of the ocean with proper mooring system.
  • the Bottom platform shall be housed over a deep sea structure with sufficient height to ensure safe subsea operations without damage from sea bed disturbances. This structure shall be fixed on to the sea bed suitably to prevent any movements over the sea bed.
  • the Upper platform shall house Saline Water Vaporization System (SWVS), Fresh Water Condensation System (FWCS), Ammonia Vaporization System (AVS), Power Plant System & Accessories (PPS&A), Miscellaneous Systems (MS) etc.
  • the Lower platform shall house Ammonia Condensation system (ACS), accessories etc.
  • This invention makes use of the temperature- depth profile existing in the ocean from surface to ocean bed. It is recognized that the ocean is the largest solar energy collector which maintains the warmer temperature at the upper strata of the ocean.
  • This invention has proposed an integrated system, where the temperature difference existing between the upper strata and deep ocean is used firstly, to generate the Ocean energy in situ and use the same for meeting the total power requirements for the operation of the entire system including the Desalination process and secondly to produce desalinated water.
  • Such integrated ocean energy cum Desalination plants can be established off shore along the coast of India and the water requirements along the coastal could be met for the benefit of the society without supplying any energy from external sources.
  • Such an integrated system for power generation and desalination is expected to be economical, reliable and environment friendly.
  • the integrated Ocean Energy cum Desalination system deals with two different processes; the first one relating to ocean energy generation and the second one relating to desalination. Evolving a closed loop system with a single working fluid to meet the requirements of both the above processes is novel.
  • the out put from the system is water which is essential for all living organisms in the globe. Establishing a system to produce water without any dependency on external energy source by generating the required energy from within the system is also novel.
  • the subsystems of the integrated system are clubbed in to two groups; the first group is floated at the upper strata of the ocean in a Spar with proper mooring system.. These sub systems make use of the warm saline water from the upper strata of the ocean for desalination and power generation.
  • the second group is fixed on the ocean bed with appropriate deep ocean structure. This sub system will condense the vapor of the working fluid as liquid to establish a closed loop system for the working fluid.
  • Such a configuration is novel and non obvious.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Oceanography (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé, sur un système et sur une configuration pour un système d'énergie océanique à dessalement intégré. Une distillation basse pression est modifiée afin d'intégrer le processus de conversion d'énergie thermique océanique de façon à établir le système d'énergie océanique à dessalement intégré. Dans ce processus, de l'ammoniac est utilisé comme fluide de travail dans un système en boucle fermée. De l'ammoniac liquide circule à travers un échangeur de chaleur basse pression, où la vapeur d'eau qui est produite par l'afflux soudain d'eau salée provenant des strates supérieures de l'océan dans un vaporisateur d'eau est condensée. La vapeur d'ammoniac entraîne une turbine à ammoniac basse pression qui est couplée à un générateur électrique pour produire de l'électricité. L'ammoniac déchargé de la turbine traverse un autre échangeur de chaleur, où il est condensé sous la forme d'ammoniac liquide, à l'aide de l'eau froide provenant des profondeurs de l'océan aux alentours de 1000 mètres, et il est amené à recirculer. L'énergie électrique produite dans le système est utilisée pour le fonctionnement de tous les équipements, machines et accessoires qui sont utilisés dans le fonctionnement de l'ensemble du système.
PCT/IN2010/000800 2010-11-24 2010-12-10 Procédé, système et configuration pour système d'énergie océanique à dessalement intégré WO2012070055A1 (fr)

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IN3547CH2010 2010-11-24
IN3547/CHE/2010 2010-11-24

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017185885A1 (fr) * 2016-04-29 2017-11-02 浙江大学 Système dynamique de profil océanique entraîné par énergie à différence de température
CN110905865A (zh) * 2019-11-01 2020-03-24 浙江大学 基于海洋温差能驱动的剖面运动平台及其发电控制方法
CN110905864A (zh) * 2019-11-01 2020-03-24 浙江大学 一种基于海洋温差能驱动且能定深控制的海洋剖面运动平台

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1241174A (en) * 1967-11-03 1971-07-28 British Oxygen Co Ltd Desalination of water
CN1049643A (zh) * 1990-07-11 1991-03-06 张沈杰 利用自然能进行海水淡化的方法及装置
WO1996041079A1 (fr) * 1995-06-07 1996-12-19 Otec Developments Systeme de conversion de l'energie thermique des oceans
WO2004074187A1 (fr) * 2003-02-21 2004-09-02 Abraham Ebenezer Muthunayagam Procede, systeme et configuration pour le dessalement de l’eau de mer

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1241174A (en) * 1967-11-03 1971-07-28 British Oxygen Co Ltd Desalination of water
CN1049643A (zh) * 1990-07-11 1991-03-06 张沈杰 利用自然能进行海水淡化的方法及装置
WO1996041079A1 (fr) * 1995-06-07 1996-12-19 Otec Developments Systeme de conversion de l'energie thermique des oceans
WO2004074187A1 (fr) * 2003-02-21 2004-09-02 Abraham Ebenezer Muthunayagam Procede, systeme et configuration pour le dessalement de l’eau de mer

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017185885A1 (fr) * 2016-04-29 2017-11-02 浙江大学 Système dynamique de profil océanique entraîné par énergie à différence de température
CN110905865A (zh) * 2019-11-01 2020-03-24 浙江大学 基于海洋温差能驱动的剖面运动平台及其发电控制方法
CN110905864A (zh) * 2019-11-01 2020-03-24 浙江大学 一种基于海洋温差能驱动且能定深控制的海洋剖面运动平台

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