WO2012066038A2

WO2012066038A2 - Method for producing composite elements for use as a radiant ceiling panel

Info

Publication number: WO2012066038A2
Application number: PCT/EP2011/070259
Authority: WO
Inventors: Nils Mohmeyer; Gunnar Kampf; Christof Grieser-Schmitz; Carsten Ellersiek
Original assignee: Basf Se
Priority date: 2010-11-18
Filing date: 2011-11-16
Publication date: 2012-05-24
Also published as: EP2641026A2; WO2012066038A3

Abstract

The invention relates to a radiant body, comprising at least one radiant panel having at least one structure suitable for receiving at least one pipe, at least one pipe located in said structure for transporting a heating or cooling medium, at least two lateral parts and at least one layer insulating the radiant body. The ratio of the mean cross-sectional area of the at least one radiant panel to the cross-sectional area of the at least two lateral parts amounts to at least 3 and/or the at least two lateral parts are each thermally decoupled from the at least one radiant panel. The invention also relates to a method for producing the radiant panel according to the invention and to the use of such a radiant panel for heating or cooling.

Description

Method for producing composite elements for use as a radiant ceiling panel

description

The present invention relates to a radiation body, comprising at least one radiant panel with at least one suitable for receiving at least one tube structuring, at least one located in this structuring tube for transporting a heat or cooling medium, at least two side panels and at least one radiation-insulating layer, wherein the Ratio of the average cross-sectional area of the at least one radiant panel to the cross-sectional area of the at least two side parts is at least 3 and / or the at least two side parts are each thermally decoupled from the at least one radiant panel. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for producing the radiant panel according to the invention and the use of such a radiant panel for heating or cooling, for example in halls, such as sports halls, exhibition halls, production halls, production halls, warehouses, maintenance halls, multi-purpose halls, agricultural halls, shipyards, industrially used Building or high-bay warehouse.

Corresponding radiant panels are already known from the prior art.

DE 7911399 IM discloses a radiant ceiling panel with tubes through which a heating medium flows. These tubes are connected by a common radiant plate. A particularly good heat transfer between the tubes and the radiant plate is ensured by the fact that the contact surface between the plate and tubes is maximized by the fact that the pipes are flowed through oval or square. DE 298 13 171 IM discloses a radiation body comprising a large-scale recessed sheet steel, tube-like elements which lie in these recesses and a heat-insulating plate which insulates the tubes on the side opposite the radiation plate, wherein between the tube-like elements distribution plates are arranged for better distribution of the heat from the tube-like elements to the radiant panel.

DE 2035936 discloses a radiant ceiling panel consisting of a tube register and beam plates fixed thereto. According to this document, the radiant panel is formed such that a tube leading the thermal medium of two semi- circular shaped sheets is included. Thus, a particularly good thermal contact between the tubes and the jet plates is generated.

DE 10 2009 004 785 A1 discloses a jet surface structure for controlling the temperature of a room with one or more of a heat transfer medium, such as water, flowed through pipe (s) of a tube register, a radiant panel and side wall elements, between which the tube register and the radiant panels are arranged. The invention according to this document is that laterally inclined aprons are mounted, which are to reflect the radiated by the side panels by convection heat energy in the direction of the room to be tempered.

The radiant panels known from the prior art, in particular radiant ceiling panels, have the disadvantage that part of the radiant energy made available is emitted via the side parts of the radiant ceiling panels. This radiant energy is not available for the desired heating of the objects located on the ground or near the ground of the room to be tempered. Only the radiant energy that is emitted downwards is directly converted into heat energy when it encounters solids or liquids. Therefore, only the radiant energy that is emitted directly downwards is perceived as "warming up" near the ground. It is known from the prior art that the lateral radiation, in particular in the case of heat convection, can be avoided if, for example, side plates are used However, the radiant ceiling panels, which are known from the prior art, are still to be improved in terms of the beam power in the direction of the room to be tempered.

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a radiation body, in particular a radiant ceiling panel, which can be used for heating or cooling, in which a particularly large proportion of the radiant energy provided, ie. H. Heat or cooling energy is emitted in the direction of the room to be tempered, and a particularly small proportion of this radiant energy is emitted ineffective to the side or upwards. Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a radiation body, which is characterized by a particularly simple structure, so that methods and apparatus for production can also be carried out as simply as possible.

The stated objects are achieved by a radiation body comprising at least one radiant panel with at least one structuring suitable for receiving at least one tube, at least one structure located in this structuring Pipe for transporting a heat or cooling medium, at least two side parts and at least one radiation-insulating layer, wherein the ratio of the average cross-sectional area of the at least one radiant panel to the cross-sectional area of the at least two side parts is at least 3 and / or the at least two side parts of the at least a radiant plate are each thermally decoupled.

The radiation body according to the invention is characterized in that the lateral radiation of energy is minimized. This is done according to the invention in that the ratio of the average cross-sectional area of the at least one radiant panel, which preferably forms the bottom of the radiant body according to the invention, to the cross-sectional area of the at least two side parts is set to a certain minimum value. In a further embodiment, which likewise results in the effect that the lateral radiation of energy is minimized, the at least two side parts present according to the invention are each thermally decoupled from the at least one radiant plate, which preferably forms the bottom of the radiant body according to the invention. It is also possible according to the invention that both precautions are taken in order to minimize the emission of energy from the side in a particularly efficient manner. The general structure of the radiation body according to the invention, as well as the preferred embodiments are described in detail below.

The radiation body according to the invention can be used for heating or for cooling. For both applications, the general structure is essentially the same. Depending on whether you want to heat or cool, a heat transfer medium with different temperature is used.

The radiation body according to the invention can be installed, for example, in rooms of buildings in order to temper these rooms accordingly. It is possible that the radiation body according to the invention can be installed on the ceiling and / or on the walls.

Radiant ceiling panels, ie radiation bodies, which are preferably installed on the ceiling, are already known from the prior art, in particular the documents cited above. Radiant ceiling panels are generally used to to heat or cool the premises with a high clear height. For this purpose, one makes use of the fact that radiant energy from the radiant ceiling panels, resulting in heat energy, is radiated. This radiant energy is only converted into heat energy when hitting a body, for example human and animal, ground, machines, furnishings, thus all liquid and solid objects, ie a warming or cooling sensation is felt. Since in this type of heating or cooling the illuminated objects heat up or cool down a subjective well-being is perceived. An advantage of the heating or cooling of rooms with a particularly high clear height is that the heat is generated where it is used, ie near the ground. Only a small proportion of the heat energy is generated at high altitudes where there is no need. When using known fan heaters, a disadvantage is that the air is heated and then has to be moved. This air movement creates an adverse wind in the room to be heated. In addition, the warm air rises, and is therefore no longer available for heating the room.

The radiation body according to the invention generally comprises at least one radiant panel with at least one structuring suitable for receiving at least one tube, at least one tube in this structuring for transporting a heating or cooling medium, at least two side parts and at least one layer which insulates the radiation body.

In general, the radiant panel may be located at any suitable location on the radiant body of the present invention, for example, at the top or the bottom, the radiant panel in a preferred embodiment covering the floor, i. H. the lower boundary and / or cover of the radiation body according to the invention, or forms the upper boundary and / or cover of the radiation body according to the invention. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the radiant panel according to the invention forms the base of the radiation body according to the invention.

The present invention therefore preferably relates to the radiation body according to the invention, wherein the at least one jet plate forms the bottom. In this particularly preferred embodiment, the radiant panel forms the lower boundary of the radiant body according to the invention, ie all other components such as pipes, structuring, insulation, optionally means for thermal decoupling etc. are located under normal use of the radiation body as radiant ceiling panel inside and / or above the radiant panel, and in the inventive use of the radiation body according to the invention as wall-mounted radiant panel inside and / or behind the radiant panel.

The radiant panel may generally be constructed of any material known to those skilled in the art which is capable of emitting radiant energy.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the at least one radiant panel forming the bottom is made of a unitary material. In a further possible embodiment of the present invention, the at least one radiant panel forming the base is constructed from a plurality of different materials, for example in the form of a layered composite material comprising, for example, known plastics and / or minerals, or ceramics, for example enamelled high-temperature-stable thermosets or thermoplastics.

In a preferred embodiment, the at least one radiant plate forming the bottom is made of a metal. Preferably, at least one radiant panel forming the bottom comprises a material selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, iron, in particular steel, zinc, tin, lead and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, as further layer between the tubes and the radiant plate, which preferably forms the bottom, there may be further plates, preferably graphite plates.

The present invention therefore relates in particular to a radiation body according to the invention, wherein the at least one radiant panel forming the base comprises a material selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, iron, in particular steel, more preferably galvanized steel, zinc, tin, lead and mixtures thereof.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the at least one jet plate forming the base consists of one of the materials mentioned, in particular of copper and / or iron, in particular steel, more preferably galvanized steel. In a preferred embodiment, the radiant panel is coated on at least one side, preferably on the side facing the room to be tempered, for example by a lacquer known to those skilled in the art, containing, for example, groups such as urethanes, acrylates, epoxies and / or esters, or powder coatings via stoving ,

The radiation body according to the invention comprises in a preferred embodiment exactly one jet plate, which further preferably forms the bottom. In one possible embodiment, this can be exactly one jet plate in the longitudinal direction in individual Segments be divided. This embodiment is also understood in the context of the present invention as a radiant panel.

According to the present invention, the at least one radiant panel is preferably made of sheets of the above-mentioned metals. The thickness of the radiant panel is generally adapted so that the largest possible radiant energy is possible, and at the same time the weight of the radiation body according to the invention is not too high. Furthermore, the thickness of the radiant panel should be chosen such that the feature according to the invention that the ratio of the average cross-sectional area of the at least one radiant panel to the cross-sectional area of the at least two side panels is at least 3 is ensured.

In a preferred embodiment, the at least one radiant panel has a thickness of 0.1 to 5.0 mm, preferably 0.2 to 2.0 mm, particularly preferably 0.3 to 1, 0 mm, for example 0.8 mm. In the case of the invention, polyurethane foams are used as insulating material, which are glued to the other components such as pipes and radiating sheet (s), the sheets may be thinner than when using mineral wool, since the polyurethane can make a constructive contribution.

The width of the at least one jet plate with at least one suitable for receiving at least one tube structuring is not limited in principle, as long as the above-mentioned inventive specification of the first embodiment is met.

According to the invention, the average cross-sectional area of the at least one radiant panel is estimated for the ratio of the average cross-sectional area of the at least one radiant panel to the cross-sectional area of the at least two side members which is essential to the invention in the first embodiment. The mean cross-sectional area is calculated according to the invention from the average width of the present invention radiant plate and its thickness.

According to the invention, the quotient of the total width of the at least one radiant panel, ie the projection width, is divided by the mean width according to the invention, divided by the number of sections between the existing tubes, ie the number of tubes plus 1, for transporting a heating or cooling medium Understood. Therefore, the average width according to the invention describes the distance between two tubes, or the distance between a side part and the outer tube. The mean cross-sectional area of the at least one radiant panel is then calculated as the product of the mean width of the radiant panel and the thickness of this radiant panel. According to the invention, the average width can be freely selected as it is suitable for the respective embodiment, as long as the above-mentioned inventive feature of the first embodiment is met.

For example, the average width of the at least one jet plate is 80 to 200 mm, preferably 85 to 180 mm, particularly preferably 95 to 160 mm.

From this and from the above-mentioned thickness of the at least one radiant panel forming the bottom, an average cross-sectional area according to the invention of generally 8 to 1000 mm ² , preferably 17 to 360 mm ² , particularly preferably 28.5 to 160 mm ² results.

According to the invention, the width of the radiant panel according to the invention is understood to mean the expansion perpendicular to the direction of the present tubes for transporting a heat medium and is understood as the projection width. The width of the radiant panel is for example 150 to 1300 mm, preferably 300 to 900 mm.

According to the invention, the length of the radiant panel according to the invention is understood to mean the expansion in the direction of the existing tubes for the transport of a heating or cooling medium.

The length of the at least one jet plate is not limited according to the invention, for example, is 4,000 mm to 8,000 mm. As a result of the production method according to the invention explained below, it is possible in principle to produce radiation bodies of infinite length. In practice, however, the length of the radiation body according to the invention is limited by the necessary transport from the place of manufacture to the installation site, and is for example a maximum of 12,000 mm. In one embodiment of the radiation body according to the invention, the radiant panel, which preferably forms the bottom, is curved to direct the heat radiation in the direction of the space to be tempered. The curvature is preferably concave in the direction of the space to be tempered. In the radiant panel according to the invention there is at least one structuring suitable for accommodating at least one tube. This structuring is not limited according to the invention in terms of its shape. It is possible and preferred according to the invention that this structuring is a depression, ie the jet plate is deformed in the direction of the space to be tempered in order to accommodate at least one tube. It is also possible according to the invention that it in the structuring around a bulge, ie the jet plate is deformed counter to the direction of the room to be tempered to accommodate at least one tube is. Advantageously, this at least one structuring is semicircular, triangular or rectangular in shape. Corresponding structuring can be introduced into the at least one jet plate by pressing, cold or hot working.

According to the invention, it is preferred that the structures for receiving the tubes are formed such that the tubes are present on the side of the radiant plate which faces away from the space to be tempered. At the same time, this side is also preferably the side on which the insulation according to the invention is applied. The structuring preferably runs along the longitudinal extent of the jet plate, particularly preferably parallel to one another and parallel to the longitudinal extent of the jet plate, if more than one structuring is present. In a further preferred embodiment, a tube for transporting a heat or cooling medium is located in each structuring present, so that the arrangement of the tubes preferably corresponds to the arrangement of the structurings. The tubes according to the invention for transporting a heating or cooling medium are known per se to those skilled in the art and can be made, for example, from materials, in particular metals, selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, iron, in particular steel, zinc, tin, lead and mixtures thereof become. In general, the length of the at least one tube present corresponds to the length of the radiant panel according to the invention. In a preferred embodiment, the length of the at least one tube present is 10 to 200 mm, preferably 15 to 150 mm, particularly preferably 20 to 100 mm longer than the length of the radiant panel. Thus, it is possible to connect the tubes at the ends of the radiation body according to the invention with other tubes, for example, supply and discharge of the heat or cooling medium, or other radiation bodies. In an advantageous embodiment, the tubes are only slightly longer than the radiant panel according to the invention, preferably only 15 to 150 mm, particularly preferably 20 to 100 mm. As a result, it is achieved according to the invention that only a small heat loss takes place via this thermal bridge. This advantage is further enhanced in the case of the particularly long radiation bodies according to the invention, since fewer transition pieces are necessary due to the large length.

Tube diameters suitable according to the invention are, for example, 1/4 "to 5", preferably 1/2 "to 2". The thickness of the pipe wall is, for example, 0.5 to 5 mm. In a preferred embodiment, the at least one tube for the transport of a heat medium in contact, preferably in intimate contact, with the present in the radiant panel at least one structuring. Thus, a particularly effective exchange of energy between pipe with heat or cooling medium and radiant panel is made possible. According to the present invention, the present tube can be connected to the radiant panel by any method known to those skilled in the art, such as welding, brazing, stapling or folding.

According to the invention, the at least one radiant plate forming the bottom has at least one structuring suitable for receiving tubes. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 structurings are preferably present in the radiant panel. These structures are in a particularly preferred embodiment in parallel arrangement. In a further preferred embodiment, at least one tube for transporting a heat medium is located in each of the present structuring.

The radiation body according to the invention further comprises at least two side parts in one embodiment. In a preferred embodiment of the radiation body according to the invention is located on each longitudinal side of the radiant panel according to the invention in each case a side part.

The side parts according to the invention can generally be made up of any material known to a person skilled in the art.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the at least two side parts are made of a uniform material. In a further possible embodiment of the present invention, the at least two side parts are made up of a plurality of different materials, for example in the form of a layered composite material comprising, for example, known plastics, foamed or in a compact form, for example polyolefins or rubbers, cardboard and / or minerals , or ceramics, for example, enamelled high-temperature-stable thermosets or thermoplastics.

In a preferred embodiment, the at least two side parts are made of a metal. The at least two side parts preferably comprise a material selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, iron, in particular steel, more preferably galvanized steel, zinc, tin, lead and mixtures thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the at least two side parts consist of the same material as the at least one jet plate forming the bottom. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the preferably present two side parts and the radiant panel, ie preferably the bottom of the radiation body according to the invention, a component, wherein the side parts are formed in that the edges of the component are folded up in the longitudinal direction.

The radiation body according to the invention generally comprises at least two side parts, preferably the radiation body according to the invention comprises exactly two side parts, wherein in each case one side part is present at each longitudinal edge of the jet plate. The opening angle upward between the radiant panel and the side part is for example 30 to 175 °, preferably 45 to 135 °, particularly preferably 85 to 95 °.

According to the present invention, the at least two side parts are preferably made of sheets of the above-mentioned metals. The thickness of the side parts is generally to be adjusted so that the weight of the radiation body according to the invention does not become too high. Furthermore, the thickness of the radiant panel should be chosen so that the feature of the first embodiment according to the invention that the ratio of the mean cross-sectional area of the at least one radiant panel to the cross-sectional area of the at least two side panels is at least 3 is ensured.

In a preferred embodiment, the at least two side parts each have a thickness of 0, 1 to 5.0 mm, preferably 0.2 to 2.0 mm, particularly preferably 0.3 to 1, 0 mm, for example 0.8 mm , Since, in a preferred embodiment, the side parts and the radiant plate, preferably the bottom of the radiant body, are formed from one component, the side parts and the radiant plate preferably have the same thickness. For the case in which the side parts and the radiant plate are each thermally decoupled, the side parts can also have a greater thickness than the radiant plate.

It is according to the invention also possible that the side parts are formed by a part of the radiant panel is folded over or flattened by 180 °. The height of such a side part then corresponds in principle to twice the thickness of the sheet.

Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to the radiation body according to the invention, wherein the at least two side parts each have a thickness of 0.5 to 1, 0 mm, preferably 0.6 to 0.9 mm, for example 0.8 mm. The height of the at least two side parts is not limited in principle, as long as the above-mentioned inventive specification of the first embodiment is met. For the present invention possible case that the side parts are formed so that a part of the radiant panel is folded or flattened by 180 °, the height of such a side part then corresponds in principle to twice the thickness of the sheet.

According to the invention, the cross-sectional area of the at least two side parts, which is multiplied as a product of the respective thickness of the at least two side parts and their height, is considered for the ratio of the average cross-sectional area of the at least two side parts to the cross-sectional area of the at least two side parts with the number of side parts present, d. H. preferably times 2, yields. For example, the height of the at least two side parts is in each case 0.2 to 50 mm, preferably 0.8 to 30 mm, particularly preferably 1 to 28 mm.

In the event that the at least two side parts only have a thickness of 0, 1 to 0.4 mm, they may have a height of 50 to 100 mm, since in this case the inventive feature of the first embodiment is met.

From this and from the above-mentioned thickness of the at least two side parts, a cross-sectional area according to the invention of a side part of generally 0.11 to 50 mm ² , preferably 0.12 to 45 mm ² , particularly preferably 0.16 to 40 mm ² results. This value for a side part must be multiplied by the number of side parts to determine the ratio according to the invention.

The length of the present invention at least two side parts preferably corresponds to the length of the radiant panel.

In one embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the at least two side members and the thickness of the at least one radiant panel forming the bottom are the same.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the at least one side part is formed by the edges of the radiant panel, ie there is no additional side part, but the at least one side part corresponds to the edge of the radiant panel, viewed from the side. In this embodiment, the height of the at least one side part corresponds to the thickness of the radiant panel. According to the invention, the thickness of the at least one side part is defined in this embodiment with respect to the numerical value equal to the thickness of the radiant panel. In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the at least two side parts is in each case smaller than the thickness of the at least one radiant panel. The essential feature of the first embodiment according to the invention is that the ratio of the average cross-sectional area of the at least one radiant panel to the cross-sectional area of the at least two side panels is at least 3. In a preferred embodiment, this ratio is at least 4, more preferably this ratio is at least 5.

By way of example, this invention essential for the first embodiment is to be calculated below. For the exemplary case that there is a radiant plate of 450 mm width, which has two recesses for receiving at least one tube, and a tube is present in each recess, the average distance between the tubes is for example 150 mm. With a thickness of the radiant plate of, for example, 0.8 mm, the average cross-sectional area of the radiant plate is thus 120 mm ² .

For example, there are two side parts of height 25 mm and the thickness of 0.8 mm. This results in a cross-sectional area of the at least two side-mounted side parts of 2 x 20 mm ² , corresponding to 40 mm ² .

The ratio of the mean cross-sectional area of the at least one radiant panel forming the bottom to the cross-sectional area of the at least two laterally attached side parts is thus 3.

The radiation body according to the invention further comprises at least one layer which insulates the radiation body. This insulating layer is located in a preferred embodiment on the side facing away from the room to be tempered side of the radiation body according to the invention. Therefore, the insulating layer is in a preferred embodiment above the radiant panel, if the radiation body according to the invention is used as ceiling radiant panel, and insulates the radiation body according to the invention upwards. In a further possible embodiment, the insulating layer is behind the radiant panel, if the radiation body according to the invention is used as a wall-radiant panel, and insulates the radiation body according to the invention to the rear. According to the invention, it is possible to use any material known to those skilled in the art as a damping layer, which is characterized by easy processability and a high insulating effect. Suitable insulating materials are for example selected from the group consisting of mineral wool such as rock wool, glass wool or fine glass fibers, optionally glued together perlites, foamed polyolefins, for example foamed polyethylene, foamed rubber or foamed polystyrene, for example EPS or XPS, natural insulating materials, such as wood fibers, hemp fibers etc., cellulose fibers, vacuum insulation panels, aerogels and xerogels based on silica or else organic polyaddition or polycondensation products, for example polyurethanes or polyureas, optionally in foamed form, and mixtures thereof. In a particularly preferred embodiment according to the invention, at least one polyurethane is used as the insulating material in the radiation body according to the invention.

Polyurethanes, in particular in foamed form, are known per se to a person skilled in the art, and are described, for example, in DE 10 124 333.

According to the invention, rigid polyurethane foams are particularly preferably used as insulating material. These can be produced on continuous double belt systems. Here, the polyol and isocyanate component are metered with a high pressure machine and mixed in a mixing head. The polyol mixture can be previously metered with separate pumps catalysts and / or propellant. The reaction mixture is applied continuously to the lower cover layer. The lower cover layer with the reaction mixture and the upper cover layer enter the double belt. Here, the reaction mixture foams and hardens. After leaving the double belt, the endless strand is cut to the desired dimensions. In this way, sandwich elements with metallic cover layers or insulation elements with flexible cover layers can be produced.

According to the invention, it is preferred, for example, for the endless strand to be applied to the at least one radiant panel, see also the inventive method for producing the radiator bodies according to the invention. In a batch process, the starting components are usually mixed at a temperature of 15 to 35 ° C, preferably from 20 to 30 ° C. The reaction mixture can be poured into closed support tools with high or low pressure metering machines. According to this technology z. B. discontinuous ierlich sandwich elements manufactured.

Polyurethane foams, especially rigid polyurethane foams, have long been known and widely described in the literature. Their preparation is usually carried out by reacting organic polyisocyanates a) with compounds having at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms b1), usually polyols.

Suitable organic polyisocyanates a) are preferably aromatic polyfunctional isocyanates.

Specific examples include 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and the corresponding isomer mixtures, 4,4'-, 2,4'- and 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and the corresponding isomer mixtures, mixtures of 4,4'- and 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanates, polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanates, mixtures of 4,4'-, 2,4'- and 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanates and polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanates (crude MDI) and mixtures of crude MDI and tolylene diisocyanates. The organic di- and polyisocyanates can be used individually or in the form of mixtures. Often, so-called modified polyvalent isocyanates, i. Products obtained by chemical reaction of organic di- and / or polyisocyanates used. Examples include isocyanurate and / or urethane-containing di- and / or polyisocyanates. The modified polyisocyanates may optionally be reacted with each other or with unmodified organic polyisocyanates, e.g. 2,4'-, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, crude MDI, 2,4- and / or 2,6-toluene diisocyanate are mixed.

In addition, reaction products of polyfunctional isocyanates with polyhydric polyols, as well as their mixtures with other di- and polyisocyanates can be used.

Has proven particularly useful as organic polyisocyanate crude MDI having an NCO content of 29 to 33 wt .-% and a viscosity at 25 ° C in the range of 150 to 1000 mPa.s. Suitable compounds having at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms b1) which can be used together with the polyether alcohols b1.1) used according to the invention are, in particular, polyether alcohols and / or polyester alcohols having OH numbers in the range from 100 to 1200 mgKOH / g.

The polyester alcohols used together with the polyether alcohols b1.1) used according to the invention are usually obtained by condensation of polyfunctional alcohols, preferably diols, having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms, with polyfunctional carboxylic acids having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, for example succinic acid, Glutaric acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, decanedicarboxylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and preferably phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid and the isomeric naphthalenedicarboxylic acids.

The polyester alcohols used together with the polyether alcohols b1.1) used according to the invention usually have a functionality between 2 and 8, in particular 3 to 8. In particular, polyether polyols b1.1), which by known methods, for example by anionic polymerization of alkylene oxides in the presence of catalysts , preferably alkali metal hydroxides, amines or so-called DMC catalysts, are used. As alkylene oxides are usually ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, preferably pure 1, 2-propylene oxide used.

In particular, compounds having at least 3, preferably 4 to 8 hydroxyl groups or having at least two primary amino groups in the molecule are used as starting molecules.

As starting molecules having at least 3, preferably 4 to 8 hydroxyl groups in the molecule are preferably trimethylopropane, glycerol, pentaerythritol, sugar compounds such as glucose, sorbitol, mannitol and sucrose, polyhydric phenols, resoles such. oligomeric condensation products of phenol and formaldehyde and Mannich condensates of phenols, formaldehyde and dialkanolamines and melamine used.

As starting molecules having at least two primary amino groups in the molecule, preference is given to aromatic di- and / or polyamines, for example phenylenediamines, 2,3-, 2,4-, 3,4- and 2,6-toluenediamine and 4,4'-, 2,4'- and 2,2'-diaminodiphenylmethane and aliphatic di- and polyamines, such as ethylenediamine used.

The polyether polyols have a functionality of preferably 3 to 8 and hydroxyl numbers of preferably 100 mg KOH / g to 1200 mg KOH / g and in particular 240 mg KOH / g to 570 mg KOH / g.

The compounds having at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms b1) also include those optionally used with chain extenders and crosslinkers. To modify the mechanical properties, the addition of difunctional chain extenders, trifunctional and higher functional crosslinking agents or optionally also mixtures thereof may prove to be advantageous. As chain extenders and / or crosslinking agents are preferably used alkanolamines and in particular diols and / or triols having molecular weights less than 400, preferably 60 to 300.

Chain extenders, crosslinking agents or mixtures thereof are suitably used in an amount of 1 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 2 to 5 wt .-%, based on the polyol component b1).

Further information on the polyether alcohols and polyester alcohols used and their preparation can be found for example in the Plastics Handbook, Volume 7 "Polyurethane", edited by Günter Oertel, Carl Hanser Verlag Munich, 3rd edition, 1993, pages 57 to 74.

In a further preferred embodiment, the polyurethanes preferably used according to the invention contain further additives, for example those selected from the group consisting of flame retardants, surface-active substances, foam stabilizers, cell regulators, fillers, pigments, dyes, anti-hydrolysis agents, fungistatic and bacteriostatic agents and mixtures thereof ,

As flame retardants, organic phosphoric acid and / or phosphonic acid esters can be used. Preference is given to using compounds which are not reactive toward isocyanate groups. Chlorine-containing phosphoric acid esters are also among the preferred compounds. Typical representatives of this group of flame retardants are triethyl phosphate, diphenyl cresyl phosphate, tris (chloropropyl) phosphate and diethyl ethane phosphonate. In addition, bromine-containing flame retardants can also be used. As bromine-containing flame retardants, it is preferable to use compounds having groups which are reactive toward the isocyanate group. Such compounds are esters of tetrabromophthalic acid with aliphatic diols and alkoxylation products of dibombutene diol. Compounds derived from the brominated, OH group-containing neopentyl compounds may also be used.

The production of the polyurethanes preferably used according to the invention as insulating material are usually blowing agents, catalysts and cell stabilizers and, if necessary, further, auxiliaries and / or additives used.

As propellant water can be used which reacts with isocyanate groups with elimination of carbon dioxide. In combination with or in place of water, so-called physical blowing agents can also be used. These are compounds which are inert to the starting components and which are usually liquid at room temperature and evaporate under the conditions of the urethane reaction. Preferably, the boiling point of these compounds is below 50 ° C. Physical blowing agents also include compounds which are gaseous at room temperature and are introduced or dissolved in the feed components under pressure, for example carbon dioxide, low-boiling alkanes and fluoroalkanes.

The compounds are usually selected from the group comprising alkanes and / or cycloalkanes having at least 4 carbon atoms, dialkyl ethers, esters, ketones, acetals, fluoroalkanes having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and tetraalkylsilanes having 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, in particular tetramethylsilane ,

Examples which may be mentioned are propane, n-butane, iso- and cyclobutane, n-, iso- and cyclopentane, cyclohexane, dimethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, methyl butyl ether, methyl formate, acetone, and fluoroalkanes, which can be degraded in the troposphere and therefore for the ozone layer is harmless, such as trifluoromethane, difluoromethane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, difluoroethane and heptafluoropropane. The said physical blowing agents can be used alone or in any combination with each other.

The catalysts used are in particular compounds which greatly accelerate the reaction of the isocyanate groups with the groups reactive with isocyanate groups. Such catalysts are, for example, strongly basic amines, such as. As secondary aliphatic amines, imidazoles, amidines, and alkanolamines. If isocyanurate groups are to be incorporated into the rigid foam, special catalysts are required. The isocyanurate catalysts used are usually metal carboxylates, in particular potassium acetate and its solutions.

The catalysts can, depending on requirements, be used alone or in any mixtures with one another.

Further additives which are known per se for this purpose are, for example, surface-active substances, foam stabilizers, cell regulators, fillers, pigments, dyes, flameproofing agents, hydrolysis protection agents, antistatic agents, fungistatic and bacteriostatic agents.

Further details about a process for the preparation of the polyurethanes preferably used according to the invention, as well as the starting materials, blowing agents, catalysts and auxiliaries and / or additives are found, for example, in Kunststoffhandbuch, volume 7, "Polyurethanes" Carl-Hanser-Verlag, Munich, 1. Edition, 1966, 2nd edition, 1983 and 3rd edition, 1993, pages 104 to 192. To produce the rigid polyurethane foams, the polyisocyanates a), and the polyol component b) are reacted in amounts such that the isocyanate index at 125 to 220, preferably 145 to 195, is located.

The rigid polyurethane foams can be prepared batchwise or continuously by means of known mixing devices.

The rigid polyurethane foams according to the invention are usually prepared by the two-component process. In this process, the compounds are mixed with at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms b1), with the flame retardants, the blowing agents, the catalysts and other auxiliaries and / or additives to the polyol component b) and these with the polyisocyanates or mixtures of the polyisocyanates and optionally propellants, also referred to as isocyanate component, reacted. The starting components are usually mixed at a temperature of 15 to 35 ° C, preferably from 20 to 30 ° C. The reaction mixture can be poured into closed support tools with high or low pressure metering machines. According to this technology z. B. manufactured discontinuous sandwich panels. In addition, the reaction mixture can also be poured or sprayed freely on surfaces or in open cavities. Both methods are suitable for applying the insulating layer on the radiation body according to the invention. The continuous mixing of the isocyanate component with the polyol component for the production of sandwich or insulating elements on double belt systems is a preferred embodiment. With this technology, it is customary to meter the catalysts and the blowing agents into the polyol component via further metering pumps. The original components can be divided into up to 8 individual components. Derived from the two-component process, the foaming formulations can be easily converted to the processing of multicomponent systems.

The density of the rigid polyurethane foams preferably used according to the invention is preferably from 10 to 400 kg / m ³ , more preferably from 20 to 200 kg / m ³ , very particularly preferably from 30 to 100 kg / m ³ .

Sandwich elements preferably used according to the invention have a thickness of, for example, 5 to 150 mm. Sandwich elements preferably used according to the invention have a density of, for example, 30 to 60 kg / m ³ .

In general, the amount of the present insulating material is sized so that sufficient insulation is possible. In a preferred embodiment, insulating material is present over the entire length of the radiant panel, it being possible that at the beginning and at the end of the radiant panel, a region of, for example, 5 to 50 mm remains recessed from the insulating material in order to provide a connection to a To allow more radiation body. The insulating material is sufficient in a further preferred embodiment to the side parts zoom. It is according to the invention also possible that between the edge of the insulating material and the respective side part a free space of for example 5 to 50 mm is present, in which there is no insulation.

The thickness of the insulating material according to the invention is, for example, 10 mm to 200 mm, preferably 15 mm to 180 mm, particularly preferably 20 mm to 150 mm, for example 50 mm.

According to the invention, the ratio of the area of the radiant panel which is covered by insulating material to the total area of the radiant panel is for example 0.6 to 0.99, preferably 0.7 to 0.98, particularly preferably 0.8 to 0.95. In the second embodiment according to the invention that the at least two side parts are each thermally decoupled from the at least one radiant plate, this thermal decoupling is carried out, for example, by attaching an insulating material between the radiant plate and the side part.

The present invention therefore preferably relates to the radiation body according to the invention wherein the thermal decoupling of the at least two side parts from the at least one radiant panel is effected by attaching at least one insulating material between each of the at least two side panels and the at least one radiant panel.

As thermal decoupling all insulating materials are suitable, which have been mentioned with respect to the insulating layer, more preferably the described polyurethanes or foamed polyolefins or foamed rubbers.

In this embodiment of the radiation body according to the invention, the same insulating material as for the insulating layer is preferably used for thermal decoupling, particularly preferred when this radiation body according to the invention is produced by means of the process according to the invention, preferably continuous.

The insulation material introduced for thermal decoupling preferably extends over the entire length of the radiation body according to the invention. The thickness, d. H. the height of the insulation material introduced for thermal decoupling is for example 1 to 100 mm, preferably 5 to 80 mm, particularly preferably 8 to 50 mm.

The width of the insulation material introduced for thermal decoupling is, for example, 10 to 200 mm, preferably 15 to 150 mm, particularly preferably 20 to 100 mm.

The radiation body according to the invention can in one embodiment on the top, ie on the side facing away from the room to be tempered by a suitably shaped workpiece, such as a sheet, grid or a perforated plate, preferably consisting of the materials mentioned for the radiation plate or the Be covered by specialist known plastics. This cover can also be curved, for example, to avoid that balls remain lying, for example when using the radiation body in sports halls. An open-cell flexible foam based on polyurethane may also be present as an additional layer on top of the insulating material according to the invention, in particular a rigid polyurethane foam. This embodiment has the advantage that a sound reduction is realized. This is desirable, for example, against the noise in the hall and also against noise from outside the hall, such as rain falling on the roof.

Furthermore, the radiation body according to the invention for attachment to wall or ceiling may have suitable devices, such as brackets, threaded rods, suspension chains and hooks, sheets, cables, fittings and similar fastening systems known in the art.

The radiation body according to the invention may optionally be provided on one, several or all sides with a coating, for example a coating, in order, for example, to fit the plates into the hall optics.

The radiation body according to the invention may have at least one reflector on at least one of the at least two side parts present, which deflects unwanted heat or cold energy emitted to the side in the direction of the space to be tempered. In a preferred embodiment, such reflectors extend along the entire length of the radiation body according to the invention. The height of such a reflector is for example 20 to 200 mm, preferably 30 to 150 mm, particularly preferably 40 mm to 120 mm. Such a reflector may consist of the same material as the remaining components of the radiation body according to the invention.

The radiation body according to the invention further comprises, in a preferred embodiment, corresponding devices for the inflow or outflow of the medium for heating or cooling, as well as possibly suitable devices for monitoring and / or controlling the radiation body, such as sensors, thermostats, etc.

The present invention also relates to a method for producing the radiation body according to the invention, comprising at least the following steps:

(A) forming the at least one radiant panel,

(B) introducing the at least one structuring suitable for receiving at least one tube into the radiant panel, (C) introducing the at least one tube for transporting a heat or cooling medium into the at least one structuring,

(D) creating the at least two side parts,

(E) introducing the at least one insulating layer, wherein the steps in the order (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) or in the order (A), (B), (D) , (C), and (E) or in the order of (A), (D), (B), (C) and (E), and / or optional thermal decoupling between the at least two side-mounted side members and the at least one radiant plate forming the bottom is attached before each step (D).

The individual steps and / or the entire process according to the invention can be carried out continuously or batchwise. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, all individual steps and the entire process are carried out continuously.

With respect to the spatial arrangement of the general and preferred embodiments of the individual elements of the radiation body according to the invention, the above applies.

The individual steps of the method according to the invention are described in detail below:

Step (A):

Step (A) of the method according to the invention comprises forming the at least one jet plate.

Methods for forming a corresponding jet plate are known per se to those skilled in the art. According to the invention, the molding according to step (A) is preferably carried out continuously, for example by forming a sheet of the corresponding material, which is preferably provided as a roll product, by means of appropriate rolls. Step (A) of the process according to the invention is preferably carried out at a temperature at which the material can advantageously be deformed, for example at room temperature. Step (A) is preferably carried out in such a way that the radiant panel according to the invention is obtained as an endless product.

Step (B): Step (B) of the method according to the invention comprises introducing the at least one structuring suitable for receiving at least one tube into the radiant panel.

Step (B) of the process according to the invention is carried out in a preferred embodiment, in that the jet plate formed in step (A), preferably as endless product, is fed continuously to step (B). The at least one structuring suitable for receiving at least one tube is preferably introduced by tools known to the person skilled in the art, for example correspondingly structured roller systems, preferably continuously into the radiant plate, so that the largest possible contact surface with the tubes preferably exists in the finished state. The person skilled in the art is aware of how the structures are introduced into the radiant panel, depending on whether they point in the direction of the room to be tempered or in the opposite direction.

Step (C):

Step (C) of the method according to the invention comprises introducing the at least one tube for transporting a heat or cooling medium into the at least one structuring.

Step (C) of the process according to the invention is carried out in a preferred embodiment in that the jet plate formed in step (B), which is provided with at least one corresponding structuring, is preferably fed continuously as continuous product, step (C). The tubes suitable for transporting a heat or cooling medium are then preferably introduced continuously into the structurings by suitable transport devices. If, according to the invention, several tubes are present, they can be introduced simultaneously or one after the other.

It is also possible according to the invention to fasten the inserted tubes in the corresponding recesses, for example by welding, soldering and / or stapling. Step (D):

Step (D) of the method according to the invention comprises creating the at least two side parts. In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, "creating" in step (D) means that the side parts are produced independently of the radiant panel and connected to the radiant panel in step D. In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, "build" in step (D) means D) that the side parts of the radiant panel, in particular from the longitudinal edge regions of the radiant panel, are produced, so that an additional connecting the side parts with the radiant panel in this embodiment is not necessary.

In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, step (D) is carried out after step (A). In this embodiment, the at least two present side parts are created directly after molding of the radiant panel. According to the invention, this attachment can be effected by bending the edges of the jet plate by suitable tools, so that a part of the material is formed into the side parts on both edges of the jet plate formed in step (A).

In a further possible embodiment, step (D) is carried out by producing the side parts in an upstream step, and by the method known in the art, for example welding, soldering, stapling, screwing, gluing and / or riveting are attached to the radiant panel. This procedure is particularly preferred if a thermal decoupling of the radiant panel and side parts takes place by introducing an insulating material.

In a second embodiment of the method according to the invention, step (D) is carried out after step (B). In this embodiment, the at least two present side parts are mounted in the radiant panel after introduction of the recesses. According to the invention, this attachment can be carried out by bending the edges of the radiant panel by suitable tools, so that a part of the material is converted to the side panels at both edges of the radiant panel obtained in step (B). In a further possible embodiment, step (D) is carried out by producing the side parts in an upstream step, and by the method known in the art, for example welding, soldering, stapling, screwing, gluing and / or riveting are attached to the radiant panel. This procedure is particularly preferred if a thermal decoupling of the radiant panel and side parts takes place by introducing an insulating material.

In a third embodiment of the method according to the invention, step (D) is carried out after step (C). In this embodiment, the at least two present side parts are mounted after introducing the tubes into the at least one patterning produced in the radiant panel. According to the invention, this attachment can take place in that the edges of the radiant panel are converted by suitable tools. Be so that on both edges of the radiant panel obtained in step (C), a part of the material is transformed into the side parts. In a further possible embodiment, step (D) is carried out by producing the side parts in an upstream step and by applying methods known to the person skilled in the art, for example welding, soldering, stitching, screwing, gluing and / or riveting, to the radiant panel. This procedure is particularly preferred if a thermal decoupling of the radiant panel and side parts takes place by introducing an insulating material. According to the invention, if a radiation body is produced in which there is thermal decoupling between the at least two laterally attached side parts and the at least one radiant panel forming the bottom, the thermal decoupling is applied before step (D). In a preferred embodiment, a suitably designed insulating material is used as thermal decoupling. In a preferred embodiment, this insulating material is applied continuously to the radiant panel before the at least two side panels according to step (D) are applied.

The introduction of a thermal decoupling between the radiant panel and the side part is also preferred in the case of a discontinuous process.

Steps):

Step (E) of the method according to the invention comprises the introduction of the at least one insulating layer.

Depending on which material is used as the insulating layer, the insulating material in finished form can be made into the correct size in an upstream step, for example by methods known for the respective insulating materials. This embodiment is preferably suitable for the use of mineral wool, bonded perlites and aerogels, foamed polyolefins, natural insulating materials, polystyrenes and polyurethanes. In this preferred embodiment, a suitably cut insulating material web is continuously placed on the ready-prepared radiant panel and optionally glued and fixed to the ground and the other components that do not form the bottom.

If the process according to the invention is carried out continuously, mineral wool or polyurethane is preferably used as the insulating material. In a further preferred embodiment, the insulating material used is generated in situ on the radiant panel, preferably by polymerization of suitable precursor compounds. This procedure is particularly preferred when polymers, in particular polyurethane, are used as insulating material.

The in situ polymerization for the production of polyurethane has already been explained in detail above.

Preferably, the polyurethane is prepared in step (E) of the process according to the invention on continuously operating double belt systems. Here, the polyol and isocyanate component are metered with a high pressure machine and mixed in a mixing head. The polyol mixture can be previously metered with separate pumps catalysts and / or propellant. The reaction mixture is continuously applied to the bottom plate (lower cover layer), i. H. the prepared radiant panel, applied. The lower cover layer, preferably including the tubes present in the at least one structuring, with the reaction mixture and the upper cover layer enter into the double belt. Here, the reaction mixture foams and hardens. Through the radiant panel, the polyurethane is preferably present in the correct dimension, optionally laminating bands, for example foamed polyolefins, rubbers can be used on the sides.

As a cover layer, for example, a metallic layer is applied.

The embodiment of the invention, in which the insulating material is polymerized and foamed in situ on the radiant panel, has the advantage that in this way the insulating material has a constructive share of the radiation body according to the invention, so that in this embodiment thinner sheets than radiant panel and / or side panels can be used. As a result, the radiation body according to the invention overall has a lower weight with the same or improved stability. The lower weight is particularly advantageous when mounted on a hall ceiling, since the burden of the hall construction is reduced by the weight of the radiation body.

The present invention also relates to the use of a radiation body according to the invention for heating or cooling.

In the event that the radiation body according to the invention is to be used for heating, the heat medium, which is conveyed by the tubes running in the radiation body, must have a temperature which is above the temperature of the room to be tempered. For example, the temperature must be mini- at least 10 ° C, preferably at least 20 ° C, more preferably at least 40 ° C above the temperature of the room to be tempered, the flow temperature is to increase accordingly with increasing height of the room to be tempered.

If the radiation body according to the invention is used for cooling, then the temperature of the cooling medium to be conveyed through the pipes must be below the temperature of the space to be tempered. For example, the temperature must be at least 5 ° C, preferably at least 10 ° C, more preferably at least 20 ° C below the temperature of the room to be tempered.

As heat and / or cooling media all known in the art heat and / or cooling media can be used. Particularly suitable as heat and / or cooling media are, for example, selected from the group consisting of water, glycol, alcohols, oils, alkanes, partial halogenated liquids and mixtures thereof.

Particularly preferably, rooms can be heated or cooled by the radiation body according to the invention, which have a particularly high clearance, such as halls, such as sports halls, exhibition halls, production halls, production halls, warehouses, maintenance halls, multi-purpose halls, agricultural halls, shipyards, industrial buildings or high-bay warehouse.

The present invention therefore preferably relates to the use according to the invention in halls, such as sports halls, exhibition halls, production halls, production halls, warehouses, maintenance halls, multi-purpose halls, agricultural halls, shipyards, industrial buildings or high-bay warehouses.

characters

The invention is described in more detail by the inventive figures 1, 2 and 3, without these figures limit the present invention.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross section through a radiation body according to the invention, wherein only one outer edge of the radiation body according to the invention is shown.

Figure 2 shows a particular embodiment of the radiation body according to the invention, in which the radiant plate forming the bottom is curved to direct the heat radiation in the direction of the room to be tempered. FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross section through a radiation body according to the invention, in which the radiant panel and side part are thermally decoupled. The numerals have the following meanings:

1 side panel

2 radiant plate forming the bottom

3 pipe for transporting the heating or cooling medium

4 insulation

5 the bottom forming radiant panel in a curved design, for controlling the heat radiation in the direction of the room to be tempered

6 Insulating material for thermal decoupling

a Thickness of the side part

b Height of the side panel

c Thickness of the radiant plate forming the bottom

d mean distance between two tubes, or between the outer tube and the side part

Claims

claims

Radiation body, comprising at least one radiant panel with at least one suitable for receiving at least one tube structuring, at least one located in this structuring tube for transporting a heating or cooling medium, at least two side parts and at least one radiation-insulating layer, characterized in that the ratio mean cross-sectional area of the at least one radiant panel to the cross-sectional area of the at least two side parts is at least 3 and / or the at least two side parts of the at least one radiant panel are each thermally decoupled.

Radiation body according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one radiant plate forms the bottom.

Radiation body according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one radiant panel has a thickness of 0.5 to 1, 0 mm.

Radiation body according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the at least two side parts each have a thickness of 0.5 to 1, 0 mm.

Radiation body according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is a radiant ceiling panel.

Radiation body according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the thickness of the at least two side parts is smaller than the thickness of the at least one radiant panel.

Radiation body according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the at least one radiant panel comprises a material selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, iron, zinc, tin, lead and mixtures thereof.

Radiation body according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the thermal decoupling of the at least two side parts of the mini- at least one jet plate is effected in that at least one insulating material between each one of the at least two side parts and the at least one jet plate is attached.

Method for producing a radiation body according to one of Claims 1 to 8, comprising at least the following steps:

Forming the at least one radiant panel,

Introducing the at least one structure suitable for receiving at least one tube into the radiant panel,

Introducing the at least one tube for transporting a heat or cooling medium into the at least one structuring,

Creating the at least two side parts,

Introducing the at least one insulating layer, wherein the steps in the order (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) or in the order (A), (B), (D), (C ), and (E) or in the order (A), (D), (B), (C) and (E), and / or an optional thermal decoupling between the at least two laterally mounted side parts and the at least a radiant plate forming the bottom is respectively attached before step (D).

10. Use of a radiation body according to one of claims 1 to 8 for heating or cooling.

Use according to claim 10 in halls, such as sports halls, exhibition halls, production halls, production halls, warehouses, maintenance halls, multi-purpose halls, agricultural halls, shipyards, industrial buildings or high-bay warehouses.