WO2012064916A1 - Refroidissement par absorption pour la compression et le transport des gaz - Google Patents

Refroidissement par absorption pour la compression et le transport des gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012064916A1
WO2012064916A1 PCT/US2011/060090 US2011060090W WO2012064916A1 WO 2012064916 A1 WO2012064916 A1 WO 2012064916A1 US 2011060090 W US2011060090 W US 2011060090W WO 2012064916 A1 WO2012064916 A1 WO 2012064916A1
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Prior art keywords
gas
feed
transport system
refrigerant
pressure
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PCT/US2011/060090
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English (en)
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WO2012064916A4 (fr
Inventor
Bhupender S. Minhas
Ian A. Cody
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Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company
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Publication of WO2012064916A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012064916A1/fr
Publication of WO2012064916A4 publication Critical patent/WO2012064916A4/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/013—Carbone dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/035—High pressure, i.e. between 10 and 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157—Compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0339—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using the same fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F17C2227/039—Localisation of heat exchange separate on the pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0142—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed underground
    • F17C2270/0144—Type of cavity
    • F17C2270/0155—Type of cavity by using natural cavities
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods and systems of employing an adsorption process to cool a gas in the process of being compressed or transported. These methods and systems are particularly applicable to greenhouse gas sequestration efforts, such as for use in carbon dioxide sequestration.
  • Gas is transported in a variety of ways for a. variety of needs. For example, natural gas often must be transported a great distance from a source to substations and/or consumers. Furthermore, it is often necessary or beneficial to compress a gas for transportation or subsequent treatment. For example, during carbon capture and sequestration efforts, gases must be compressed and transported by pipeline or conduit to a remote location. This is particularly relevant in refineries and the like since carbon sequestration could play a significant role in helping to reduce C0 2 emission from the use of fossil fuels. To achieve this high pressure, it often may be necessary to use a multi-stage compression technique, as compressors have a limited compression ratio.
  • a gas transport system includes a conduit (e.g., a pipeline) containing a feed of a gas at a. first temperature and first pressure, a source of a. refrigerant from an adsorption system in thermal communication with the conduit to cool the feed of gas to a reduced temperature, and at least one compressor to receive the cooled feed of gas and increase the cooled feed of gas to a second pressure, in which the second pressure is greater than the first pressure.
  • a conduit e.g., a pipeline
  • a source of a. refrigerant from an adsorption system in thermal communication with the conduit to cool the feed of gas to a reduced temperature
  • at least one compressor to receive the cooled feed of gas and increase the cooled feed of gas to a second pressure, in which the second pressure is greater than the first pressure.
  • a method of transporting a gas includes providing a conduit containing a feed of a gas at a first temperature and first pressure, directing a source of a refrigerant from an adsorption system to the conduit to thermally communicate with the conduit and cool the feed of gas to a reduced temperature, and introducing the cooled feed of gas to at least one compressor to increase the cooled feed of gas to a second pressure, in which the second pressure is greater than the first pressure,
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a multi-stage compression system for carbon dioxide sequestration, along with possible points in which inter-stage adsorption chilling can be applied to cool the compressed gas and improve compressor performance downstream.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the multi-stage compression system of Figure i, in which an adsorption system refrigerant is used to cool the transported gas via a heat exchanger.
  • the term "fluid” refers to a liquid or gas that can reversibly bind to the adsorbent, in a chemical or physical sense. Because the fluid is generally directed to an expansion valve, or other apparatus to provide a cooled fluid stream, the term “refrigerant” can generally be used interchangeably with the term “fluid.”
  • the term "vessel” refers to an enclosed container suitable for containing an absorbent and a fluid under suitable conditions to permit adsorption and desorption.
  • exhaust gas includes any gas that is emitted from a process (e.g. an industrial process) or combustion operation.
  • flue gas refers to a gas that is emitted from combustion operation and which is directly or indirectly emitted to the atmosphere (e.g., via a flue, stack, pipe or other conduit).
  • a flue gas includes gases emitted from furnaces, boilers, ovens and combustion operations associated with petrochemical refining or chemical processing operations. Flue gas is also intended to include turbine exhausts.
  • unutilized heat refers to the residual or remaining heat source (e.g., steam) remaining following the processing operation after the heat source has been used for its primary purpose in the refining or petrochemical processing operation. Unutilized heat is also referred to as waste heat.
  • the unutilized heat or unutilized heat source refers to a heat source that is no longer any use in the refining and/or petrochemical processing operation and would traditionally be discarded.
  • the unutilized heat can be provided as a unutilized heat stream.
  • unutilized heat can include steam that was employed in a heat exchanger used in petroleum and petrochemical processing, and is of no value to current processes and is being discarded. Flue gases are an effective waste heat source.
  • pump refers to a device to assist in transporting fluids from one place to another.
  • a gas transport system includes a. conduit containing a feed of a gas at a first temperature and first pressure, a source of a refrigerant from an adsorption system in thermal communication with the conduit to cool the feed of gas to a reduced temperature, and at least one compressor to receive the cooled feed of gas and increase the cooled feed of gas to a second pressure, in which the second pressure is greater than the first pressure.
  • the conduit contains a feed of a greenhouse gas, such as carbon dioxide.
  • a greenhouse gas such as carbon dioxide
  • the system can further include a subterranean outlet to receive and sequester the greenhouse gas.
  • the subterranean outlet can further include a hydrocarbon deposit.
  • introducing the greenhouse gas to the subterranean outlet can also aid in the extraction of the hydrocarbon deposit.
  • the gas particularly for example, a greenhouse gas such as carbon dioxide
  • a greenhouse gas such as carbon dioxide
  • an exhaust gas e.g., a flue gas
  • a prc-transport adsorption system is provided that selectively adsorbs the carbon dioxide from the exhaust gas to selectively adsorb carbon dioxide from the exhaust gas to obtain the feed to the gas transport, system. Further details of this method are described in co pending LIS Patent Application No 3 ⁇ 4 13— /292,393, which claims priority to US Provisional Patent Application No, 61/413, 11 1 filed on November 12, 2010, entitled “Recovery of Greenhouse Gas and Pressurization for Transport", which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • the adsorption system includes an adsorbent capable of adsorbing the refrigerant and in fluid communication with the refrigerant, a heating source to heat the adsorbent and desorb the refrigerant therefrom, and an expansion valve to receive a supply of the refrigerant that has been desorbed from the adsorbent.
  • the adsorption system further includes a cooling source to cool the adsorbent and adsorb the refrigerant.
  • the adsorbents used in the adsorption system can be selected from, for example, zeolites, zeolitic imidazoiate frameworks (ZIFs), Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), and any combination thereof.
  • the adsorption system makes use of the existing gas pipeline infrastructure to achieve additional efficiencies.
  • the gas to be transported is carbon dioxide
  • the refrigerant can also be carbon dioxide.
  • the heat source includes a supply of heating fluid in thermal communication with the feed of gas exiting the compressor to heat the heating fluid. The heating fluid is heated since the feed of gas exiting the compressor is at higher temperature, thereby also lowering the temperature of the gas in the conduit.
  • a series of at least two compressors are provided to obtain the pressurized source of greenhouse gas.
  • the refrigerant can be introduced to the gas downstream of a first compressor and upstream of a second compressor so as to exchange heat with the gas exiting the first compressor and cool the gas prior to entering the second compressor.
  • Another aspect of the present application provides a method of transporting a gas.
  • the method includes providing at least one pipeline containing a supply of a gas, obtaining a source of a refrigerant from an adsorption system, introducing the refrigerant to the supply of gas, and introducing at least a portion of the supply of the gas to at least one compressor to obtain a pressurized source of gas.
  • an adsorption chilling system that include adsorbents (e.g., MOF/ZIFs/Zeolites) that adsorb a refrigerant (e.g., C0 2 ) at lower temperature (T2) and lower pressure (P2).
  • adsorbents e.g., MOF/ZIFs/Zeolites
  • the adsorbent bed is heated to release adsorbed working fluid (i.e., the refrigerant) in a contained vessel.
  • the heat used can be, for example, heat from compressed C0 2 , exhaust of turbines being used for compressors or some other waste heat.
  • a dedicated steam source can be employed to provide heat to drive the desorption stroke. Desorption increases the pressure of the released working fluid to PI (> P2).
  • the pressurized working fluid is introduced to an expansion valve for adiabatic expansion to pressure P2 and to reduce temperature to T3.
  • Chilled working fluid i.e., refrigerant
  • FIG. 1 For purposes of illustration, and not limitation, an exemplary multi-stage compression system (100) for carbon dioxide sequestration is shown in Figure 1.
  • a feed of carbon dioxide (10) is provided. This feed can be obtained, for example, from an industrial flue gas based on the techniques disclosed in co pending US Patent Application No. 13/292,393, which claims priority to US Provisional Patent Application No. 61/413,111, which is, hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • This feed is directed, via a conduit (e.g., pipeline (15)) to a series of compressors (20, 30, 40) which yield successively higher-pressure carbon dioxide (e.g., to a few thousand psi) for eventual sequestration, for example, in a subterranean deposit.
  • a conduit e.g., pipeline (15)
  • a series of compressors (20, 30, 40) which yield successively higher-pressure carbon dioxide (e.g., to a few thousand psi) for eventual sequestration, for example, in a
  • interstage adsorption chilling can be provided via, for example, heat exchangers (not shown), such as air fin heat exchangers, at locations 25 and 35.
  • an adsorption bed (110) is provided, that contains tubes packed with adsorbents (e.g., MPFs/MOFs/ZlFs/Zeolites/Carbon).
  • the adsorption bed is adapted to receive either a feed of heat (e.g., steam) (120) or cold water (130).
  • a feed of heat e.g., steam
  • cold water e.g., water
  • the adsorption bed is provided with a feed of cold water and the adsorbents adsorb refrigerant (e.g., CO ? .).
  • the cold water supply is valved off, and a feed of heat is then fed to the adsorption bed to heat the adsorbent bed to release adsorbed refrigerant.
  • the present invention is not intended to be limited to the use of packed tubes; rather, other beds and arrangements are well within the scope of the present invention provided such arrangements are capable of receiving either a feed of heat or cold water.
  • the temperature of the desorbed refrigerant is increased.
  • the pressurized refrigerant is introduced to a heat exchanger (140) to reduce the temperature of the refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant ( 145) is introduced to an expansion valve (150) to provide a cold refrigerant stream that can be applied, via a heat exchanger (160), for interstage cooling of a multi-stage compression carbon dioxide system in which carbon dioxide is transported at high pressure for eventual sequestration and/or to enhance downhole crude oil recovery (see Figure 1 ).
  • the adsorption system shown in Figure 2 is equipped with a second adsorption bed (170), also adapted to receive a feed of either heat (180) or cold water (190). Having two adsorption beds in parallel allows one adsorption bed to be regenerated (adsorption stroke) while the other adsorption bed is in the desorption stroke.
  • adsorption chilling which has no moving parts can be used for inter-stage cooling of compressed CO ? .
  • Figure 2 shows only one intermediate stage for cooling, however, adsorption chilling could be used after each intermediate stage for cooling the compressed C0 2 .
  • the adsorption chilling process can be employed without use of a pump.
  • the systems and methods of the presently disclosed subject matter can be used to cool any gas that is being transported (e.g., in a pipeline).
  • gases being transported in a pipeline are often compressed via one or more compressors.
  • compressors have a limited compression ratio
  • a typical gas pipeline employs multiple compressors.
  • the multi-stage compression compresses the gas to, for example, several thousand psi.
  • Compressors increase the pressure of the gas (e.g., CO? ), but in this process, it also increases the temperature of the gas. If the temperature of the gas at an intermediate stage can be reduced, it can significantly increase the amount of moles of gas being compressed by the next stage compressor,
  • one embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter employs an adsorption process to provide inter-stage cooling of a gas that is in the process of being transported.
  • the cooling from an adsorption process is applied downstream from one compressor, but upstream from a second compressor to, among other things, increase the amount of gas that can be processed by the second compressor.
  • the systems and methods of the presently disclosed subject matter are particularly useful to cool greenhouse gases that are in the process of being transported for purposes of sequestration.
  • the greenhouse gases that are being transported can be deposited in subterranean natural resource reserves to aid in the extraction of oil, for example, or natural gas.
  • a person of ordinary skill in the art can determine procedures for the sequestration of greenhouse gases (e.g., carbon dioxide), once the greenhouse gas is transported to a proper location. Furthermore, sequestration details can be found, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 7,726,402, and 7,282, 189, each of which hereby incorporated by reference. Further details regarding techniques for depositing gases downhole to aid in the recovery of crude oil and/or natural gas can be found, for example, in U.S. Published Application No. 2007/0215350, hereby also incorporated by reference.
  • greenhouse gases e.g., carbon dioxide
  • an adsorption process can be used to cool, for example, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxides, ozone, chlorofluorocarbons, and other greenhouse gases for which sequestration is desirable.
  • the gas that is being transported is carbon dioxide.
  • Adsorbents that can be used in embodiments of the present invention include, but are not limited to, metal-organic framework-based (MOF-based) sorbents, zeolitic imidazole framework (ZIF) sorbent materials, zeolites and carbon.
  • MOF-based metal-organic framework-based
  • ZIF zeolitic imidazole framework
  • MOF-based adsorbents include, but are not limited to, MOF-based adsorbents with a plurality of metal, metal oxide, metal cluster or metal oxide cluster building units.
  • the metal can be selected from the transition metals in the periodic table, and beryllium.
  • Exemplary metals include zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), mercury (ITg), and beryllium (Be).
  • the metal building units can be linked by organic compounds to form a porous structure, where the organic compounds for linking the adjacent metal building units can include 1 ,3,5- benzenetribenzoate (BTB); 1,4- benzenedicarboxylaie (BDC); cyclobutyl 1,4- benzenedicarboxylate (CB BDC); 2 -amino 1 ,4 benzenedicarboxylate (H2N BDC); tetrahydropyrene 2,7-dicarboxylate (HPDC); terphenyl dicarboxylate (TPDC); 2,6 naphthalene dicarboxylate (2,6-NDC); pyrene 2,7- dicarboxylate (PDC); biphenyi dicarboxylate (BDC); or any dicarboxylate having phenyl compounds.
  • BTB 1,4- benzenedicarboxylaie
  • CB BDC cyclobutyl 1,4- benzenedicarboxylate
  • MOF-based adsorbent materials include: MOF-I77, a material having a general formula of Zn 4 0(l, 3, S-benzenetribenzoate): ? ; MOF-5, also known as IRMOF-I, a material having a general formula of Zn 4 Q(l ,4-benzenedicarboxylate)3 ; IRMOF-6, a material having a general formula of Z ⁇ Oieyclobutyl 1,4- benzencdiearboxylatc); IRMOF-3, a material having a general formula of Zn 4 0(2 -amino 1,4 benzenedicarboxylate) 3 ; and IRMOF-l l, a material having a general formula of Zn 4 0(terphenyl dicarboxylate)?
  • Exemplary zeolitic imidazole framework (ZIF) sorbent materials include, but are not limited to, ZIF-68, ZIF-60, ZIF-70, ZIF-95, ZIF- 100 developed at the University of California at Los Angeles and generally discussed in Mature 453, 207-21 1 (8 May 2008), hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety,
  • Zeolite adsorbent materials include, but are not limited to, aluminosilicates that are represented by the formula M 2/n O ' Al 2 0 3 ' ySi0 2 ' wH 2 0, where y is 2 or greater, M is the charge balancing cation, such as sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium, N is the cation valence, and w represents the moles of water contained in the zeolitic voids.
  • Examples of zeolites that can be included in the methods and systems of the present application include natural and synthetic zeolites.
  • Natural zeolites include, but are not limited to, chabazite (CAS Registry No. 12251 -32-0; typical formula Ca 2 [(A10 2 ) 4 (Si0 2 ) 8 ] 3H 2 0), mordenite (CAS Registry No. 12173-98-7; typical formula Na 8 [(AlO 2 ) 8 (SiO 2 ) 40 ] ' 24H 2 O), erionite (CAS Registry No. 12150-42-8; typical formula (Ca, Mg, Na 2 , K ; h . ⁇ A ) > k ⁇ i Si() ⁇
  • Synthetic zeolites include, but are not limited to, zeolite A (typical formula: Xa , - ! ( ⁇ :0 > : . ⁇ Si(> > ) : 1 27H >C ).
  • zeolite X CAS Registry No.68989-23-1 ; typical formula: Na86[AlO 2 )86(SiO 2 ) i06] ' 264H 2 O
  • zeolite Y typically formula: zeolite L (typical formula:
  • Zeolites that can be used in the embodiments of the present application also include the zeolites disclosed in the Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology by Kirk- Othmer, Volume 16, Fourth Edition, under the heading "Molecular Sieves,” which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • Synthetic zeolite adsorbent materials are commercially available, such as under the Sylosiv* ' brand from W.R. Grace and Co. (Columbia, Md.) and from Chengdu Beyond Chemical (Sichuan, P.R. China).
  • Sylosiv 1® A10 is one commercially available zeolite 13 X product.
  • Non-limiting examples of fluids that can be used in accordance with the present application include, but are not limited to, carbon dioxide, methane, ethane, propane, butane, ammonia and freon.
  • certain embodiments make use of the gas that is being transported.
  • carbon dioxide when carbon dioxide is being transported for sequestration, carbon dioxide can also be used as the fluid (i.e. refrigerant) in the adsorption process to provide, for example, inter-stage cooling.
  • a "pressure index" can be determined at various desorbing temperatures and can be used to select the sorbent material and refrigerant (i.e., the adsorption system working fluid).
  • the pressure index is determined by the following method.
  • One hundred (100) grams of sorbent material are placed in a 1 liter vessel designed to be isolated from associated equipment with existing valves on both ends of the vessel.
  • the vessel also has indicators to measure inside pressure and temperature.
  • the vessel is flushed and filled with pure fluid (e.g., C0 2 ) at one atmospheric pressure.
  • the sorbent material adsorbs fluid and the sorbent may heat up.
  • the vessel is heated to a pre-selected desorbing temperature (e.g. 348 K).
  • a pre-selected desorbing temperature e.g. 348 K.
  • the internal vessel pressure is measured to determine Pp.
  • the pressure index is defined as the ratio of P F to Pi.
  • adsorbents and refrigerants can be selected with minimum pressure indexes, as defined above.
  • the adsorbent and refrigerant are selected such that the pressure index is at least 1.2, or at least 1.5, or at least 3, or at least 4, or at least 6.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de transport de gaz comprenant une conduite (telle qu'un pipeline) contenant une alimentation en gaz à une première température et une première pression, une source de réfrigérant d'un système d'adsorption en communication thermique avec la conduite afin de refroidir l'alimentation en gaz jusqu'à une température réduite, et au moins un compresseur recevant l'alimentation en gaz refroidie et augmentant la pression de la quantité d'alimentation en gaz refroidie jusqu'à une deuxième pression, la deuxième pression étant supérieure à la première pression.
PCT/US2011/060090 2010-11-12 2011-11-10 Refroidissement par absorption pour la compression et le transport des gaz WO2012064916A1 (fr)

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CN112334720A (zh) * 2018-12-03 2021-02-05 开利公司 增强的制冷净化系统

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