WO2012062024A1 - 测量超导线圈失超传播速度的装置及其测量方法 - Google Patents

测量超导线圈失超传播速度的装置及其测量方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012062024A1
WO2012062024A1 PCT/CN2011/000346 CN2011000346W WO2012062024A1 WO 2012062024 A1 WO2012062024 A1 WO 2012062024A1 CN 2011000346 W CN2011000346 W CN 2011000346W WO 2012062024 A1 WO2012062024 A1 WO 2012062024A1
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wire
superconducting
superconducting wire
measuring
lead
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PCT/CN2011/000346
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡新宁
王秋良
戴银明
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中国科学院电工研究所
李毅
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Publication of WO2012062024A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012062024A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
    • H01F6/02—Quenching; Protection arrangements during quenching

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a device for measuring the propagation velocity of a superconductor, and a method for measuring the same, and more particularly to a device for measuring the super-propagation velocity of a superconducting wire and a measuring method thereof. Background technique
  • Superconducting magnets are usually designed and manufactured in a variety of stabilization methods to improve the stability of the magnet operation.
  • the local temperature of the superconductor may rise and the normal state region appears, that is, the loss occurs.
  • Super phenomenon After the local superconductor quenches, the normal state may shrink to a superconducting state, and may continue to expand to cause quenching, which is closely related to the trigger energy, working conditions and cooling environment.
  • the superconducting magnet has a large current during operation.
  • the superconducting magnet If the superconducting magnet is quenched, it will be accompanied by a series of problems such as overvoltage and heat generation, which may cause breakdown of the magnet insulation material. Serious local temperature rise will lead to wire insulation and wire. The ⁇ joint is melted, causing the magnet to malfunction or even burn out. Therefore, the electrical and thermal properties of the superconductor normal region after quenching are an important issue that must be considered in the application of superconducting magnets.
  • the quenching propagation characteristics mainly include the quenching propagation speed and the minimum quenching energy. It is a very important parameter for judging the stability of superconductors. The accurate test of quenching propagation characteristics provides important parameters for the design of superconducting magnets and quench protection control. in accordance with.
  • the quench propagation speed of high temperature superconductors is on the order of cm/s, which is two to three orders of magnitude slower than low temperature superconductors. This is mainly due to the high heat capacity and high critical temperature of the high temperature superconducting material. To some extent, the stability of the high temperature superconductor is better than that of the low temperature superconductor. On the other hand, if the normal region propagates too slowly, the superconductor will locally form a hot spot, and its heat will only spread in a small range. If the quench protection is not handled properly, the magnet will be permanently destroyed due to the rapid release of heat.
  • the stability of high magnetic field superconducting magnet operation is an important and indispensable engineering index used by superconducting scientific instruments, and the quenching propagation speed of superconductors is one of the important factors determining the stability of superconducting magnets. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately measure the quench propagation speed and the minimum quenching energy of the superconductor by a specific test device.
  • the currently disclosed devices and methods for measuring the rate of quenching propagation are mostly for measuring a piece of superconducting wire or superconducting tape sample, and measuring only the one-dimensional quench propagation velocity in the direction of the wire. In practical applications, superconducting wires or superconducting tapes are wound into superconducting wires to form superconducting magnets.
  • quenching propagation is also along superconducting wires or superconducting tapes.
  • the material propagates in the radial or transverse direction. Therefore, it is only possible to accurately measure the quench propagation characteristics of the superconducting magnet by simulating the measurement of the quenching propagation velocity in the two-dimensional direction or even in the three-dimensional direction in the back field. Summary of the invention
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of measuring the short-term propagation of a section of superconducting wire or strip in the zero field and measuring only the one-dimensional quenching propagation velocity along the direction of the wire, and providing a quench propagation speed.
  • Measuring device with refrigeration mechanism Cold the rate of quench propagation in the two-dimensional direction of the superconducting wire under the background magnetic field can be measured.
  • the device not only can measure the quench propagation speed of various superconducting wires under the background magnetic field, but also realizes two low temperature working environments of direct conduction cooling and low temperature liquid immersion cooling, and the quenching propagation speed measurement is more accurate.
  • the device for measuring the super-propagation speed of the superconducting wire comprises the Dewar container, the refrigerator, the back field superconducting magnet, the superconducting wire to be tested, the cryogenic vessel, the heating wire, the current lead, the measuring lead, the guiding strip, the infusion tube , return air pipe and epoxy rod.
  • the back-field superconducting magnet is installed in the Dewar container of the invention, the back-field superconducting magnet is a high-temperature superconducting magnet, the back-field superconducting magnet is cooled by the first-stage cold head of the refrigerator through the cooling belt, and the back-field superconducting magnet can be used as the low temperature
  • the cold screen of the container reduces the production and installation of the cold screen of the measuring device.
  • a refrigerator is installed at the center of the upper end surface of the Dewar vessel, and the top of the back-field superconducting magnet is connected to the upper end surface of the Dewar vessel through an epoxy tie rod, and the back-field superconducting magnet is supplied with power through the current lead of the back-field superconducting magnet.
  • the background magnetic field, the magnetic field strength can reach 1 Tesla (T) -5T.
  • the cryogenic vessel of the present invention is connected to the lower end of the secondary cold head of the refrigerator, and the superconducting wire to be tested is installed inside the cryogenic vessel. If the superconducting wire to be tested is in a vacuum environment, it can be cooled by a refrigerator to achieve the required low temperature in the cryogenic vessel. If the superconducting wire to be tested is immersed in a cryogenic liquid environment during operation, a cryogenic liquid can be supplied to the cryocontainer through the infusion tube. If the superconducting wire to be tested is a high temperature superconducting wire, liquid nitrogen is supplied to the cryogenic vessel.
  • the superconducting wire to be tested is a low temperature superconducting wire
  • the liquid is supplied to the cryogenic vessel, and the liquid vapor is discharged through the returning pipe.
  • the infusion tube and the return line are symmetrically arranged at the upper end of the cryocontainer and connected to the upper cover of the cryocontainer.
  • the upper cover of the cryogenic vessel is also connected with the measured superconducting coil current lead and the measured superconducting coil measuring lead.
  • the superconducting wire to be tested of the present invention comprises the superconducting wire of the superconducting wire to be tested and the portion of the superconducting wire to be tested, and is wound around the wire between the towed portion of the superconducting wire to be tested and the portion of the superconducting wire to be tested.
  • Heating wire is a manganese copper wire with a resistance of 10 ohms - 50 ohms.
  • the heater wire is powered by a pulsed current source.
  • the measured superconducting wire is connected to a pair of measured Superconductor ⁇ current lead, powered by DC power.
  • a pair of sparsely wound measuring leads and a pair of sparsely wound measuring leads are soldered on the wires of the superconducting wire of the superconducting wire to be tested; and a pair of closely wound portions are welded on the wires of the superconducting wire of the tested superconducting wire
  • the lead two is measured by the lead one and the pair of closely wound portions.
  • the untwisting portion of the measuring lead 1 and the unwinding portion measure the distance between the lead wires 2 in the direction of the wires as L1, and the distance between the two leads of each pair of the stripped portion measuring lead wires in the direction of the wires is L2.
  • the closely wound portion of the measuring lead and the closely wound portion measure the spacing of the lead wires 2 in the direction of the wires as S.
  • the distance between the two leads of each pair of the wire-wound portion measuring lead in the direction of the wire is d.
  • the diameter or width of the wire of the superconducting wire to be tested is d.
  • Measuring the lead propagation speed along the length of the wire by measuring the two pairs of the untwisted portion of the superconducting wire, and measuring the lead in the radial direction of the wire by measuring the two pairs of closely wound portions of the superconducting coil transmission speed.
  • the invention measures the quench propagation speed in the radial direction of the wire more accurately, and the diameter of the superconducting wire to be tested is 40-60 times larger than the diameter of the wire of the superconducting wire to be tested.
  • the superconducting wire is wrapped with a low-temperature epoxy glue to maintain the thermal insulation effect of the superconducting wire.
  • the thickness of the low-temperature epoxy glue is 5 mm-10 mm.
  • the two pairs of unwinding portion measuring leads and the two pairs of closely wound portions of the superconducting coil of the present invention are connected to the multi-channel data collecting instrument, and the voltage of each pair of measuring leads is measured at a time by a multi-channel data collecting instrument.
  • the difference between the time when a pair of unwinding portions adjacent to the heating wire is measured by the 0.5 times the maximum voltage generated by the lead wire and the time when the other pair of the unwinding portion measures the 0.5 times the maximum voltage generated by the lead wire is denoted by tl.
  • the difference between the time when the pair of closely wound portions adjacent to the heating wire measures the 0.5 times the maximum voltage generated by the lead and the time when the other pair of the closed portion measures the 0.5 times the maximum voltage generated by the lead is denoted as t2.
  • the sequence of steps of the measuring method of the present invention is:
  • the background superconducting magnet is energized to form a background magnetic field of a certain size, and the measured superconducting wire is energized under the background magnetic field, and the current magnitude is equal to 0.8-0.95 times the critical current value of the superconducting wire or the superconducting tape;
  • the heating wire is energized, and when a certain amount of heat is generated, the superconducting wire to be tested is triggered to be quenched; the voltage measurement is performed by the multi-channel data acquisition device, and the 0.5-fold maximum of the measuring lead 1 and the unwinding portion of the measuring lead 2 are recorded respectively.
  • the time of the voltage, the two time difference is tl.
  • the time between the two pairs of closely wound portions measuring the 0.5 times of the maximum voltage generated by the leads is recorded, and the two time differences are recorded as t2;
  • the measurement of the lead wire 1 and the wire-wound portion of the wire-wound portion is measured by the wire-wound portion.
  • the measured propagation velocity of the super-wire ⁇ in the direction of the wire is (L1+L2) / tl, and the lead wire and the wire winding are measured by the tight-wound portion.
  • Part of the measurement lead 2 measures the quench propagation velocity of the measured superconducting wire 5(5) in the radial direction of the wire as (2d+S) / t2.
  • the measuring device is equipped with a refrigerator to achieve a certain background magnetic field, and can also measure a high temperature superconducting wire or a low temperature superconducting wire in a vacuum low temperature environment and a low temperature liquid immersion environment. It can not only measure the quench propagation speed in the direction of the wire, but also measure the quench propagation speed in the radial direction of the wire. The measurement is more accurate.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 1 is a Dewar container
  • 2 is a refrigerator
  • 3 is an epoxy tie rod
  • 4 is a back field superconducting magnet
  • 5 is a superconducting wire tested
  • 6 is a cold conduction belt
  • 7 is a back field superconducting magnet.
  • Current lead, 8 is a low temperature container
  • 9 is a low temperature epoxy glue
  • 10 is a heating wire
  • 11 is an infusion tube
  • 12 is a return air tube
  • 13 is a superconducting wire lead current lead
  • 14 is a superconducting wire measuring lead.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a superconducting wire to be tested according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 15 is the part of the superconducting wire to be tested, 16 is the winding part of the superconducting wire to be tested, 17 is the measuring part of the winding part, 18 is the measuring part of the winding part, and 19 is the measuring part of the tight winding part.
  • Leads one, 20 are the tight-wound part of the measuring lead 2
  • 21 is the measured super-conducting ⁇ power supply
  • 22 is a multi-channel data acquisition instrument.
  • the top cover of the Dewar container 1 is equipped with a refrigerator 2, the back field superconducting magnet 4 is connected to the upper cover through the epoxy tie rod 3, and the back field superconducting magnet 4 passes through the cold guide belt 6 and the refrigerator. 2 level cold head connection.
  • the low temperature container 8 is connected to the lower end of the refrigerant 2, and the superconducting wire ⁇ 5 to be tested is installed in the low temperature container 8, and the outer surface of the superconducting wire ⁇ 5 to be tested is coated with a low temperature epoxy glue 9, and the thickness is 5 mm - 10 mm. If the superconducting wire ⁇ 5 is operated in a vacuum environment, it can be cooled by the refrigerator 2 to achieve the required low temperature in the cryogenic vessel 8.
  • a cryogenic liquid can be supplied to the cryocontainer through the infusion tube 11. If the superconducting wire ⁇ 5 is a high temperature superconducting wire, input liquid nitrogen to the cryogenic vessel. If the superconducting wire ⁇ 5 is a low temperature superconducting wire, the liquid sputum is input into the cryogenic vessel, and the liquid vapor is discharged through the return pipe 12 .
  • the infusion tube 11 and the return air tube 12 are symmetrically arranged at the upper end of the cryocontainer 8, and are connected to the upper cover of the low temperature container 8.
  • the superconducting coil current lead 13 and the measured superconducting wire measuring lead 14 are connected to the upper cover of the cryocontainer. After the Dewar container 1 is evacuated, the refrigerator 2 is turned on, and when the desired operating temperature environment is reached, the back field superconducting magnet 4 is energized by the back field superconducting magnet current lead 7 to provide the required background magnetic field, and then passed through
  • the superconducting wire ⁇ current lead 13 is energized to the superconducting wire ⁇ 5 to be tested, and the pulse current is supplied to the heating wire 10 through the pulse current source, and a certain amount of heat is generated to trigger the superconducting wire ⁇ 5 to be quenched, and the back field superconducting wire is used for measurement.
  • the data transmitted back by the lead 14 can measure the quench propagation speed of the measured superconducting wire ⁇ 5 under the background magnetic field of 1T-5T size.
  • the superconducting wire ⁇ 5 to be tested includes the superconducting superconducting wire 15 and the superconducting wire 15 to be tested, and the superconducting wire 15 and the superconducting wire to be tested are densely covered.
  • the heating wire 10 is wound around the wire between the portions 16. Heating wire 10 is Manganese copper wire, resistance is 10 ohms - 50 ohms.
  • the heater wire 10 is powered by a pulsed current source.
  • the superconducting wire ⁇ 5 to be tested is connected to the superconducting coil current lead 13 to be tested, and is supplied by the superconducting wire ⁇ power source 21 to be tested.
  • the distance along the wire direction of the wire of the superconducting wire 15 of the superconducting wire to be tested is L1.
  • Two pairs of wire-wound portions are measured to measure the lead wires, respectively, the lead-out portion measuring lead 17 and the dredging portion measuring lead two 18, each pair
  • the distance of the lead wire in the direction of the wire is measured as L2.
  • the measuring lead is welded on the two winding wires adjacent to each other in the closely wound portion 16 of the tested superconducting wire, and the measuring lead is measured in two portions of the closely wound portion, respectively, measuring the lead wire 19 and the tight winding portion of the closely wound portion.
  • Leads 20, two pairs of closely wound portions measure the distance of the leads in the direction of the wires as S.
  • the diameter or width of the wire of the superconducting wire ⁇ 5 to be tested is d. Measuring the lead propagation speed along the length of the wire by measuring the two pairs of the untwisted portion of the superconducting wire ⁇ 5, and measuring the lead in the radial direction of the wire by measuring the two pairs of closely wound portions of the superconducting coil 5 to be tested Speed of propagation.
  • the diameter of the measured superconducting wire ⁇ 5 is larger than that of the quenched propagation velocity in the radial direction of the wire. Measure the wire diameter of the superconducting wire ⁇ 5 by 40-60 times.
  • the unwinding portion measuring lead 17 and the unwinding portion measuring lead 2 18, the closely wound portion measuring lead 19 and the closely wound portion measuring lead 20 are connected to the multi-channel data collecting device 22 as a specific embodiment of the present invention
  • the multi-channel data acquisition instrument 22 can be a keithley 2182 voltmeter or a NI data acquisition card, and the multi-channel data acquisition instrument 22 measures the voltage at each moment of each pair of measurement leads.
  • the difference between the time when a pair of unwound portions adjacent to the heating wire 10 measures the 0.5 times the maximum voltage generated by the lead 2 18 and the time when the other pair of the unwound portion measures the 0.5 times the maximum voltage generated by the lead 17 is denoted as t1.
  • the difference between the time when the pair of closely wound portions adjacent to the heating wire 10 measures the 0.5 times the maximum voltage generated by the lead 19 and the time when the other pair of the closely wound portion measures the 0.5 times the maximum voltage generated by the lead 20 is denoted as t2. Then along the wire
  • the quenching propagation velocity of the measured superconducting wire ⁇ 5 in the direction is (L1+L2) / t1
  • the quenching propagation velocity of the superconducting superconducting wire ⁇ 5 in the radial direction of the wire is (2d+S) / t2.
  • the measuring method of the invention firstly supplies the measured superconducting wire ⁇ 5 under the background magnetic field, and the current magnitude is equal to 0.8 to 0.95 times the critical current value of the superconducting wire (belt).
  • the heating wire 10 is connected to the pulse current, and when a certain amount of heat is generated, the measured superconducting wire ⁇ 5 is quenched, and the voltage measurement is performed by the multi-channel data collecting instrument 22, and the measuring lead wire 17 and the unwinding portion measuring lead wire 2 are recorded. 18 times the time of 0.5 times the maximum voltage generated, respectively, the two time differences are t1.
  • the time of measuring the lead wire 19 of the close-wound portion and the 0.5 times of the maximum voltage generated by the lead-wound portion 20 are recorded, and the two time differences are recorded as t2.
  • the measured propagation velocity of the measured superconducting wire in the direction of the wire is (L1+L2) / tl
  • the quenching propagation velocity of the measured superconducting wire along the radial direction of the wire is (2d+S). ) /t2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Measuring Magnetic Variables (AREA)
  • Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)

Description

测量超导线圈失超传播速度的装置及其测量方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于测量超导体失超传播速度的装置及其测 量方法， 特别涉及一种用于测量超导线圏失超传播速度的装置及 其测量方法。 背景技术
超导材料和低温技术的不断发展使得超导磁体在电力、 医 学、 工业处理、 科学探索及军事领域的应用越来越广泛， 高磁场 超导磁体科学技术的发展和应用正不断满足我国各项现代化建设 的需求， 大大提高了各种装备的性能和精度。
超导磁体在设计和制造的过程中，通常采取多种稳定化方法来 提高磁体运行的稳定性。 但是，由于有磁通跳跃、 线圏振动、 导线 运动、 环氧浸渍崩裂、 热干扰、 电源输出电压纹波等因素的影 响， 可能导致超导体的局部温度升高而出现正常态区域， 即发生 失超现象。 超导体局部失超后， 正常态区域可能收缩逐渐恢复到 超导态，也可能继续扩大造成失超传播， 这与触发能量、 工作条 件以及冷却环境密切相关。 超导磁体运行时的电流很大， 若超导 磁体失超将伴随发生过电压和发热等一系列问题，可能会造成磁体 绝缘材料的击穿， 严重的局部温升则会导致线材绝缘和线圏接头 被熔化， 从而造成磁体不正常运行甚至烧毁。 因此， 失超后超导 体正常态区域传播的电性能及热性能是超导磁体应用中必须考虑 的一个重要问题。 失超传播特性主要包括失超传播速度及最小失 超能等， 是判断超导体稳定性的非常重要的参数， 失超传播特性 的准确测试为超导磁体的设计以及失超保护控制提供重要的参数 依据。 一般来说， 高温超导体的失超传播速度为 cm/s 量级, 比低 温超导体慢二到三个量级。 这主要是由于高温超导材料具有高的 热容量及较高的临界温度， 在某种程度上高温超导体的稳定性要 好于低温超导体的。 但另一方面， 如果正常区域传播太慢， 则超 导体局部会形成热点， 其热量只在很小的范围内扩散， 若失超保 护处理不当， 磁体因热量没有快速释放而烧毁导致永久性毁坏。 因此， 无论应用哪种超导材料时， 有必要测量超导材料的失超传 播速度， 即局部正常区域的焦耳热沿线材或者带材的传播速度。 只有对所用超导材料的失超行为有足够的了解， 掌握超导体的失 超传播特性， 才能为超导磁体稳定性设计和失超检测及保护奠定 坚实的保障， 提高超导磁体运行的稳定性和安全性。
高磁场超导磁体运行的稳定性是超导科学仪器使用的一个重 要的、 不可缺少的工程指标， 而超导体的失超传播速度是决定超 导磁体稳定性的重要因素之一。 因此， 需要通过特定测试装置精 确测量获得超导体的失超传播速度和最小失超能大小。 目前公开 的测量失超传播速度的装置和方法大多为测量一段超导线或者超 导带材样品， 并且只是测量沿导线方向上的一维失超传播速度。 而实际应用中超导线或者超导带材均要绕制成超导线圏形成超导 磁体， 失超传播除了沿超导线或者超导带材的导线方向传播外， 还沿着超导线或者超导带材的径向或横向方向传播。 因此只有模 拟实际超导线圏在背场下进行二维方向上甚至三维方向上的失超 传播速度的测量， 才能更精确分析超导磁体的失超传播特性。 发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有测量装置多为测量零场下一段超导 线或带材的短样、 只能测量沿导线方向上的一维失超传播速度的 缺点， 提供一种失超传播速度的测量装置， 该装置带有制冷机制 冷， 可测量在背景磁场下的超导线圏在二维方向上的失超传播速 度。 该装置不仅能够满足测量各种超导线圏在背景磁场下的失超 传播速度大小， 而且可实现直接传导冷却和低温液体浸泡冷却两 种低温工作环境， 失超传播速度测量更加准确。
本发明测量超导线圏失超传播速度的装置包括杜瓦容器、 制 冷机、 背场超导磁体、 被测超导线圏、 低温容器、 加热丝、 电流 引线、 测量引线、 导冷带、 输液管、 回气管和环氧拉杆。
本发明杜瓦容器内安装背场超导磁体， 背场超导磁体为高温 超导磁体， 背场超导磁体通过导冷带由制冷机一级冷头制冷， 背 场超导磁体可作为低温容器的冷屏， 减少了测量装置的冷屏的制 作和安装。 杜瓦容器的上端面中心位置安装制冷机， 背场超导磁 体顶部通过环氧拉杆与杜瓦容器的上端面连接， 通过背场超导磁 体的电流引线给背场超导磁体供电产生所需的背景磁场， 磁场强 度可达 1特斯拉（T ) -5T。
本发明低温容器连接在制冷机二级冷头的下端， 被测超导线 圏安装在低温容器内部。 若被测超导线圏工作时在真空环境中， 可通过制冷机制冷使低温容器内达到所需要的低温。 若被测超导 线圏工作时浸泡在低温液体环境中， 可通过输液管向低温容器输 入低温液体。 如果被测超导线圏为高温超导线圏则向低温容器输 入液氮， 如果被测超导线圏为低温超导线圏则向低温容器输入液 氦， 液体蒸汽通过回气管排出。 输液管和回气管在低温容器上端 对称布置， 与低温容器上盖板连接。 低温容器的上盖板上还接有 被测超导线圈电流引线和被测超导线圈测量引线。
本发明被测超导线圏包括被测超导线圏疏绕部分和被测超导 线圏密绕部分， 在被测超导线圏疏绕部分和被测超导线圏密绕部 分之间的导线上缠绕加热丝。 加热丝为锰铜丝， 电阻为 10 欧姆- 50欧姆。 加热丝由脉沖电流源供电。 被测超导线囷连接一对被测 超导线圏电流引线， 由直流电源供电。 在被测超导线圏疏绕部分 的导线上焊接有一对疏绕部分测量引线一和一对疏绕部分测量引 线二； 在被测超导线圏密绕部分的导线上焊接有一对密绕部分测 量引线一和一对密绕部分测量引线二。 疏绕部分测量引线一和疏 绕部分测量引线二沿导线方向的间距为 L1 , 每对疏绕部分测量引 线的两个引线沿导线方向上的距离均为 L2。 密绕部分测量引线一 和密绕部分测量引线二沿导线方向上的间距为 S。 每对疏绕部分 测量引线的两个引线沿导线方向上的距离均为 d。 被测超导线圏 的导线直径或宽度为 d。 通过被测超导线圏的两对疏绕部分测量 引线测量沿导线长度方向上的失超传播速度， 通过被测超导线圈 的两对密绕部分测量引线测量沿导线径向方向上的失超传播速 度。
本发明为更准确测量沿导线径向方向上的失超传播速度， 被 测超导线圏直径大于被测超导线圏的导线直径的 40-60倍。 被测 超导线圏外围包裹低温环氧胶以保持超导线圏的绝热效果， 低温 环氧胶的厚度为 5 mm-10mm。
本发明被测超导线圈的两对疏绕部分测量引线和两对密绕部 分测量引线连接多通道数据采集仪， 通过多通道数据采集仪测量 每对测量引线每时刻的电压大小。 与加热丝相邻的一对疏绕部分 测量引线产生的 0.5倍最大电压的时间与另一对疏绕部分测量引 线产生的 0.5倍最大电压的时间的差值记为 tl。 与加热丝相邻的 一对密绕部分测量引线产生的 0.5倍最大电压的时间与另一对密 绕部分测量引线产生的 0.5倍最大电压的时间的差值记为 t2。
本发明测量方法步骤顺序是：
首先给背景超导磁体通电形成一定大小的背景磁场， 在背景 磁场下给被测超导线圏通电， 电流大小等于 0.8-0.95倍超导线或 者超导带材的临界电流值； 给加热丝通电， 当产生一定热量后触发被测超导线圏失超； 通过多通道数据采集仪进行电压测量， 记录下疏绕部分测量 引线一和疏绕部分测量引线二分别产生的 0.5 倍最大电压的时 间， 将两个时间差记 tl。 另外记录下两对密绕部分测量引线分别 产生的 0.5倍最大电压的时间， 将两个时间差记为 t2;
通过疏绕部分测量引线一和疏绕部分测量引线二测量得到沿 导线方向上的被测超导线圏的失超传播速度为 （L1+L2 ) /tl， 通 过密绕部分测量引线一和密绕部分测量引线二测量得到沿导线径 向方向上的被测超导线圏 （5 ) 的失超传播速度为 （2d+S ) /t2。
本测量装置带有制冷机制冷， 可实现一定大小的背景磁场， 也可实现真空低温环境和低温液体浸泡环境下测量高温超导线圏 或低温超导线圏。 不仅能测量导线方向上的失超传播速度， 也可 测量导线径向方向的失超传播速度， 测量较为精确。
以下结合附图和具体实施方式进一步说明本发明。 附图说明
图 1为本发明实施例的测量装置示意图；
图 1中： 1为杜瓦容器， 2为制冷机， 3为环氧拉杆， 4为背 场超导磁体， 5为被测超导线圏， 6为导冷带， 7为背场超导磁体 电流引线， 8为低温容器， 9为低温环氧胶， 10为加热丝， 11为 输液管， 12 为回气管， 13 为被测超导线圏电流引线， 14 为被测 超导线圏测量引线，
图 2 为本发明实施例的被测超导线圏示意图；
图 2 中： 15 为被测超导线圏疏绕部分， 16 为被测超导线圏 密绕部分， 17 为疏绕部分测量引线一， 18 为疏绕部分测量引线 二， 19 为密绕部分测量引线一， 20 为密绕部分测量引线二， 21 为被测超导线圏电源， 22为多通道数据采集仪。 具体实施方式
下面参照附图对本发明进行更全面的描述， 其中说明本发明 的示例性实施例。
如图 1所示， 杜瓦容器 1的上盖板安装制冷机 2， 背场超导 磁体 4通过环氧拉杆 3与上盖板连接， 背场超导磁体 4通过导冷 带 6与制冷机 2的一级冷头连接。 低温容器 8与制冷剂 2下端连 接， 被测超导线圏 5安装在低温容器 8内， 被测超导线圏 5的外 表涂有低温环氧胶 9， 厚度为 5mm -10mm。 若被测超导线圏 5工 作时在真空环境中， 可通过制冷机 2制冷使低温容器 8内达到所 需要的低温。 若被测超导线圏 5工作时浸泡在低温液体环境中， 可通过输液管 11向低温容器输入低温液体。 如果被测超导线圏 5 为高温超导线圏则向低温容器输入液氮， 如果被测超导线圏 5 为 低温超导线圏则向低温容器输入液氦， 液体蒸汽通过回气管 12 排出。 输液管 11和回气管 12在低温容器 8上端对称布置， 与低 温容器 8上盖板连接。 低温容器的上盖板上接有被测超导线圈电 流引线 13和被测超导线圏测量引线 14。 杜瓦容器 1抽真空后， 开启制冷机 2， 当达到所需工作温度环境时， 通过背场超导磁体 电流引线 7给背场超导磁体 4通电提供所需的背景磁场， 然后再 通过被测超导线圏电流引线 13给被测超导线圏 5通电， 通过脉 冲电流源给加热丝 10 通脉冲电流， 产生一定的热量触发被测超 导线圏 5 失超后， 利用背场超导线圏测量引线 14传输回的数据 即可量在 1T-5T大小的背景磁场下的被测超导线圏 5的失超传播 速度
如图 2所示， 被测超导线圏 5包括被测超导线圏疏绕部分 15和 被测超导线圏密绕部分 16， 在被测超导线圏疏绕部分 15和被测 超导线圏密绕部分 16之间的导线上缠绕加热丝 10。 加热丝 10为 锰铜丝， 电阻为 10 欧姆- 50 欧姆。 加热丝 10 由脉冲电流源供 电。 被测超导线圏 5连接被测超导线圈电流引线 13， 由被测超导 线圏电源 21供电。 在被测超导线圏疏绕部分 15的导线上沿导线 方向的间距为 L1 焊接两对疏绕部分测量引线， 分别为疏绕部分 测量引线一 17和疏绕部分测量引线二 18， 每对疏绕部分测量引 线沿导线方向上的距离为 L2。 在被测超导线圏密绕部分 16沿相 邻紧贴的两匝导线上焊接密绕部分测量引线， 密绕部分测量引线 共两对， 分别为密绕部分测量引线一 19 和密绕部分测量引线二 20, 两对密绕部分测量引线沿导线方向上的距离为 S。 被测超导 线圏 5的导线直径或宽度为 d。 通过被测超导线圏 5的两对疏绕 部分测量引线测量沿导线长度方向上的失超传播速度， 通过被测 超导线圈 5 的两对密绕部分测量引线测量沿导线径向方向上的失 超传播速度。
由于沿导线方向上的失超传播速度远大于沿导线径向方向上的 失超传播速度， 因此为更准确测量沿导线径向方向上的失超传播 速度， 被测超导线圏 5 直径大于被测超导线圏 5 的导线直径的 40-60倍。
疏绕部分测量引线一 17和疏绕部分测量引线二 18, 密绕部 分测量引线一 19和密绕部分测量引线二 20均与多通道数据采集 仪 22 连接， 作为本发明的一个具体实施例， 多通道数据采集仪 22可以为 keithley2182电压表或者 NI公司的数据采集卡， 通过 多通道数据采集仪 22 测量每对测量引线每时刻的电压大小。 与 加热丝 10相邻的一对疏绕部分测量引线二 18产生的 0.5倍最大 电压的时间与另一对疏绕部分测量引线一 17产生的 0.5倍最大电 压的时间的差值记为 tl。 与加热丝 10相邻的一对密绕部分测量 引线一 19产生的 0.5倍最大电压的时间与另一对密绕部分测量引 线二 20产生的 0.5倍最大电压的时间的差值记为 t2。 那么沿导线 方向上的被测超导线圏 5的失超传播速度为 （L1+L2 ) /tl，沿导线 径向方向上的被测超导线圏 5的失超传播速度为 （2d+S ) /t2。
本发明测量方法是首先在背景磁场下给被测超导线圏 5 通 电， 电流大小等于 0.8 ~ 0.95倍超导线 （带）材的临界电流值。 给加热丝 10通脉冲电流， 当产生一定热量后触发被测超导线圏 5 失超， 通过多通道数据采集仪 22 进行电压测量， 记录下疏绕部 分测量引线一 17和疏绕部分测量引线二 18分别产生的 0.5倍最 大电压的时间， 将两个时间差记 tl。 另外记录下密绕部分测量引 线一 19和密绕部分测量引线二 20分别产生的 0.5倍最大电压的 时间， 将两个时间差记为 t2。 那么测量得到的沿导线方向上的被 测超导线圏的失超传播速度为 （L1+L2 ) /tl，沿导线径向方向上的 被测超导线圏的失超传播速度为 （ 2d+S ) /t2。
本发明的描述是为了示例和描述起 而给出的， 而并不是无 遗漏的或者将本发明限于所公开的形式。 很多修改和变化对于本 领域的普通技术人员而言是显然的。 选择和描述实施例是为了更 好说明本发明的原理和实际应用， 并且使本领域的普通技术人员 能够理解本发明从而设计适于特定用途的带有各种修改的各种实 施例。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种测量超导线圏失超传播速度的装置， 其特征在于， 所述的装置包括杜瓦容器 （1)、 制冷机（2)、 环氧拉杆（3)、 背 场超导磁体（4)、 被测超导线圏 （5)、 导冷带 （6)、 低温容器
(8)、 输液管 （11)和回气管 （12); 在杜瓦容器（1) 内安装有 背场超导磁体（4)， 背场超导磁体（4)通过导冷带 （6) 由制冷 机（2) 的一级冷头传导制冷， 杜瓦容器（1) 的上端面中心位置 安装制冷机（2)， 背场超导磁体（4)顶部通过环氧拉杆（3) 与 杜瓦容器 （ 1 ) 的上端面连接； 低温容器 （8) 连接在制冷机
(2) 二级冷头的下端； 被测超导线圏 （5) 安装在低温容器
(8) 内部； 输液管 （11)和回气管 （12)在低温容器 （8)上端 对称布置， 与低温容器（8)上盖板连接。 低温容器（8) 的上盖 板上接有被测超导线圏电流引哉 （13)和被测超导线圏测量引线
(14)。
2、 按照权利要求 1 所述的测量超导线圏失超传播速度的装 置， 其特征在于， 所述的被测超导线圏 （5) 包括被测超导线圏 疏绕部分（15)和被测超导线圈密绕部分 (16), 在被测超导线 圏疏绕部分（15)和被测超导线圏密绕部分（16)之间的导线上 缠绕加热丝 （10)。
3、 按照权利要求 2 所述的测量超导线圏失超传播速度的装 置， 其特征在于， 所述的加热丝 （10) 为锰铜丝， 加热丝 （10) 的电阻为 10欧姆 -50欧姆。
4、 按照权利要求 1 所述的测量超导线圏失超传播速度的装 置， 其特征在于， 所述被测超导线圏 （5) 的外表涂有厚度为 5mm-10mm低温环氧胶（ 9 )。
5、 按照权利要求 1 所述的测量超导线圏失超传播速 > 的装 置， 其特征在于， 所述的被测超导线圏 （5) 的直径大于被测超 导线圏 （5) 的导线直径的 40倍 -60倍。
6、 按照权利要求 1 所述的测量超导线圏失超传播速度的装 置， 其特征在于， 当被测超导线圏 （5) 工作时处在真空环境 中， 通过制冷机（2)二级冷头直接制冷， 使低温容器 （8) 内达 到所需要的低温； 当被测超导线圏 （5) 工作时浸泡在低温液体 环境中， 通过输液管 （11) 向低温容器 （8) 内输入低温液体； 若被测超导线圏 （5) 为高温超导线圏则向低温容器（8) 内输入 液氮， 如果被测超导线圏 （5) 为低温超导线圏则向低温容器
(8) 内输入液氦， 液体蒸汽通过回气管 （12)排出。
7、 按照权利要求 1 所述的测量超导线圏失超传播速度的装 置， 其特征在于， 在被测超导线圏疏绕部分（15) 的导线上焊接 有一对疏绕部分测量引线一 （17) 和一对疏绕部分测量引线二
(18); 在被测超导线圏密绕部分（16) 的导线上焊接有一对密 绕部分测量引线一 （19) 和一对密绕部分测量引线二 （20); 疏 绕部分测量引线一（17)和疏绕部分测量引线二（18) 沿导线方 向的间距为 L1, 每对疏绕部分测量引线的两个引线沿导线方向上 的距离均为 L2; 密绕部分测量引线一（19 )和密绕部分测量引线 二（20) 沿导线方向上的间距为 S; 每对疏绕部分测量引线的两 个引线沿导线方向上的距离均为 d; 被测超导线圏的导线直径或 宽度为 d。
8、 一种测量超导线圏失超传播速度的方法， 其特征在于， 包括：
首先在背景磁场下给被测超导线圏 （5)通电， 电流大小等 于 0.8 ~ 0.95倍超导线材或带材的临界电流值；
给加热丝 （10)通脉冲电流， 当产生一定热量后触发被测超 导线圏 （5)失超； 通过多通道数据采集仪（22)进行电压测量， 记录下疏绕部 分测量引线一 （17) 和疏绕部分测量引线二 （18)分别产生的 0.5倍最大电压的时间， 将两个时间差记 tl; 另外记录下密绕部 分测量引线一 （19) 和密绕部分测量引线二 （20) 分别产生的 0.5倍最大电压的时间， 将两个时间差记为 t2;
通过疏绕部分测量引线一 （ 17) 和疏绕部分测量引线二 (18) 测量得到沿导线方向上的被测超导线圏 （5) 的失超传播 速度为 （L1+L2 ) /tl, 通过密绕部分测量引线一 （19)和密绕部 分测量引线二（20) 测量得到沿导线径向方向上的被测超导线圏 ( 5 ) 的失超传播速度为 （ 2d+S ) /t2。
PCT/CN2011/000346 2010-11-10 2011-03-03 测量超导线圈失超传播速度的装置及其测量方法 WO2012062024A1 (zh)

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CN102645597A (zh) * 2012-04-24 2012-08-22 中国科学院电工研究所 一种高温超导带材失超传播速度测量装置
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