WO2012058875A1 - 一种串行通信的方法和系统 - Google Patents

一种串行通信的方法和系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012058875A1
WO2012058875A1 PCT/CN2011/070603 CN2011070603W WO2012058875A1 WO 2012058875 A1 WO2012058875 A1 WO 2012058875A1 CN 2011070603 W CN2011070603 W CN 2011070603W WO 2012058875 A1 WO2012058875 A1 WO 2012058875A1
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Prior art keywords
host
notification message
message
useful information
sends
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PCT/CN2011/070603
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王坤
陈燕军
谭冠军
霍建雷
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2012058875A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012058875A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
    • G06F13/38—Information transfer, e.g. on bus
    • G06F13/42—Bus transfer protocol, e.g. handshake; Synchronisation
    • G06F13/4265—Bus transfer protocol, e.g. handshake; Synchronisation on a point to point bus

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technology of serial communication, and in particular to a method and system for serial communication. Background technique
  • Serial communication uses a data line to transmit data one bit at a time. Each bit of data occupies a fixed length of time. Only a few data lines can exchange information between systems, especially for computers and computers. , long-distance communication between computers and peripherals.
  • the data line consists of a sync character, a data character, and a check character CRC.
  • the sync character is at the beginning of the frame and is used to confirm the beginning of the data character.
  • the number of data characters after the sync character is not limited, depending on the length of the data block to be transmitted. There are 1 to 2 check characters, which are used to verify the correctness of the received character sequence at the receiving end.
  • the disadvantage of synchronous communication is that the transmit clock and the receive clock are required to be strictly synchronized.
  • the universal asynchronous receiving/transmitting device UART has a maximum speed of 115.20kbp/s, which can meet the transmission of a small amount of information such as a phone book and a short message.
  • the enhanced data rate GSM evolution technology EDGE can not meet the requirements through UART dial-up.
  • USB1.1 is required, but under the demand of 3G, the download rate of the general customer is about 7Mbp/s, which requires USB2.0 technology.
  • LTE technology With the development of long-term evolution LTE technology, to meet the rate of more than lGbp/S, USB2.0 technology and future USB3.0 technology obviously cannot meet the requirements.
  • the operating system software running on the host computer supports two different functions.
  • the device initializes and monitors the running process of the device.
  • the USB initialization software is not only active during the startup of the PC host, but also should be active during all running periods. Because of this, USB devices can be added and removed at any time.
  • the USB host controller below the PC host is the USB host controller, which generates processing actions for the peripherals downwards and hands the processing actions to the root hub, which provides the external USB interface of the PC. If you need to increase the number of USB ports, you need to use a hub.
  • the hub is between the root hub and the peripheral and is used to receive and forward communication data.
  • the communication between the host and the device currently in use, the notification device must pass the configuration device, and use a dedicated notification mechanism to inform which messages which devices store the multicast messages by means of a message for notification.
  • all data is in the form of broadcast.
  • the tag sent by the host is sent to all devices, and then the device-related memory determines whether the packet is sent to the host by the host according to the address field in the packet. . This wastes bandwidth resources and reduces the rate of communication.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a system for serial communication for better solving the problem of limited bandwidth resources and increased serial communication rate.
  • a method of serial communication comprising the steps of:
  • the host generates device address information including the serial port identifier by detecting the device connected to the serial port;
  • the host sends a notification message including the device address to the device.
  • the device After receiving the notification message, the device sends a response message including the device address to the host via the serial port;
  • the device sends useful information to the host after sending the response message, or the host sends useful information to the device after receiving the response message.
  • a system for serial communication comprising: a host, configured to detect a device connected to a serial port thereof, generate device address information including a serial port identifier, and send a notification including a device address to the device Message, and after receiving the response message Sending useful information;
  • the device is configured to send a response message of the device address via the serial port after receiving the notification message, and send the useful information to the host after sending the response message.
  • the present invention realizes one-to-one communication between the host and the device memory by detecting the device address information generated by the device connected to the serial port by the host, thereby saving bandwidth and improving data. Transmission rate. DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for serial communication provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for serial communication provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a notification message sent by a host according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a response message sent by a device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a response message sent by a device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method for serial communication with a repeater according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a bidirectional transmission message between a host and a device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Step S101 a host detects a device connected to a serial port thereof, obtains a serial port identifier, and generates device address information including a serial port identifier, if the host If a repeater is required to forward a message with the device, the device address information also includes the port number of the repeater.
  • Step S102 If the host needs to send information to the device, send a notification message including the device address to the device according to the generated device address information.
  • Notification messages include device address information, notification message types, variable addresses, and usage of host resources.
  • the host has two types of notification messages to the device. One is that the host requires the device to send data to the host, and the other is that the host sends data to the device.
  • Step S103 After receiving the notification message, the device sends a response message including the device address to the host via the serial port.
  • the device may send the following three types of response messages: 1. The notification message is received without error; 2. The notification message is received without error, but the device is obstructing its reception. The status of the host should be resent; 3. The device error is stopped. If the response message sent by the device is received by the notification message, the device may send the useful message while sending the response message. If the response message sent by the device is that the device is in a state that hinders its reception or the device is stopped, the device stops. The device only sends the reply message and does not send useful information.
  • the device may send the following three types of response messages: 1. The notification message is received without error; 2. The notification message is received without error, but the device is in a state that hinders its reception. , the host should be resent; 3. The device error is stopped. If the response message received by the host is received by the notification message, the host continues to send the next data packet. If the response message received by the host is that the device is in a state obstructing its reception or the device is stopped, the host should stop. Send the next packet.
  • Step S104 The device sends useful information to the host after sending the response message, or the host sends the useful information to the device after receiving the response message.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a serial communication system provided by the present invention.
  • the system includes a host, a device, and a repeater, wherein the host and the device are connected, the host and the repeater are connected, and the repeater and the The devices are connected.
  • the host and the repeater can be integrated, and the device can also be integrated with the repeater.
  • the host is configured to detect a device connected to the serial port, generate device address information including the serial port identifier, and send a notification including the device address to the device according to the device address information. And after receiving the response message, it is determined according to the response message whether to send useful information to the device. If the response message received by the host is received by the notification message without error, the host continues to send the next data packet. If the response message received by the host is that the device is in a state that hinders its reception or the device is stopped, the host should stop sending. A packet of data.
  • the device is configured to send a response message of the device address via the serial port after receiving the notification message, and send the useful information to the host after sending the response message.
  • the device may send the useful message at the same time. If the device sends a response message indicating that the device is in a state that hinders its reception or the device is stopped, the device only sends the message. The reply message does not send useful information.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a notification message sent by a host according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, the host first sends a notification message PAGING1 or PAGING2 before communicating with the device, and the notification message sent by the host to the device includes at least an ID. ADDR and CON three domains.
  • the ID is the address of the device receiving the notification message and other useful information for finding the device and the type of the notification message.
  • ADDR is a variable address field. When a device is added, the range of ADDR is increased. When the device is reduced, the range of ADDR is reduced.
  • the host ADDR dynamically adjusts the address range and the byte of the domain according to the insertion and removal of the device.
  • the number of devices that can be connected is not limited.
  • CON is the current use of host resources. When communicating between the host and the device, it is necessary for the host and the device to know each other about the bandwidth and the cache resources of the other party. How long does the device send the data packet to the host? The host and the settings interact with other valid information that is reasonably submitted for resource utilization. As shown in Figure 4, the device's response message to the host ANSWER contains ID, CON and EMP.
  • ID is the address of the device receiving the notification message and other types of useful information and response messages for finding the device.
  • CON is the current resource usage of the device. Based on the resource usage of the device, the host determines how to send feedback to the device and how the host sends, and when to send useful information to the device.
  • EMP is the content that the device sends to the host.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method for serial communication without a repeater according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the host has two kinds of notifications to the device, and one is that the host requests the device to send data to the host, and the other is The host sends data to the device.
  • the two notifications are PAGING1 and PAGING2 in the figure, but both contain ID, ADDR and CON.
  • the device After the device receives PAGING1, the device responds to the host's response ANSWER or sends useful information INF01. When the host sends PAGING2 to the device, the device sends the useful information INF02 to the host.
  • the device can also be based on its current situation.
  • the buffer pool is full now, and the data sent by the host cannot be received. If no data is received, if the data is received. , you can also use the ANSWER mentioned above to answer, if the device is ready to receive data, the host sends useful information INF02 to the device.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method for serial communication with a repeater according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a packet sent by a host to a device and a device to a host is processed by a repeater, but is relayed.
  • the PAGING1 processed by the processor and the PAGING2 processed by the repeater include a notification message sent by the host to the device, and the ANSWER processed by the repeater and the ANSWERH processed by the repeater include a response message sent by the device to the host.
  • FIG. 7 shows a flow of sending a message bidirectionally by a host and a device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the host when the host is ready to receive data, it sends a notification message PAGING1, the device returns a data packet, or if the device cannot return The data packet returns the ANSWER1 that the device does not transmit data to the host or receives data from the host or the ANSWER2 that the device cannot transmit or receive data as a response.
  • the host does not wait for the device to confirm the previous input information of the host, and can continue. Sending a notification message to the device, but simultaneously transmitting and receiving data between the host and the device.
  • the present invention has the following technical effects:
  • the present invention proposes a new data knot. It is proposed that the communication between the host and the device memory is specific, that is, the data communication between the host and the device is one-to-one, which saves bandwidth and increases the data transmission rate, and the change of the address domain is not limited. Increase and decrease peripheral devices save resources.

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Description

一种串行通信的方法和系统 技术领域
本发明涉及串行通信的技术， 特别涉及一种串行通信的方法和系统。 背景技术
串行通信是使用一条数据线将数据一位一位地依次传输， 每一位数据 占据一个固定的时间长度， 只需少数几条数据线就可在系统间交换信息， 特别适用于计算机与计算机、 计算机与外设之间的远距离通信。
数据线由同步字符、 数据字符和校验字符 CRC组成。 同步字符位于帧 开头， 用于确认数据字符的开始。 数据字符在同步字符之后， 个数没有限 制， 由所需传输的数据块长度来决定。 校验字符有 1到 2个， 用于在接收 端对接收到的字符序列进行正确性校验。 同步通信的缺点是要求发送时钟 和接收时钟保持严格的同步。
串行传输速度通用异步接收 /发送装置 UART 的最大速度为 115.20kbp/s, 可以满足电话本， 短信等少量信息的传输， 在增强型数据速率 GSM演进技术 EDGE下通过 UART拨号上网已经不能满足要求，这时需要 USB1.1 , 但在 3G的需求下， 一般的客户要求的下载速率在 7Mbp/s左右， 需要 USB2.0技术。 随着长期演进 LTE技术的发展， 要满足大于 lGbp/S的 速率， USB2.0技术和未来的 USB3.0技术显然是不能满足要求的。
主机运行 USB的操作系统软件支持两种不同的功能， 设备初始化和监 控设备运行过程， USB初始化软件不仅在 PC主机启动期间是活动的， 而 且在所有运行期间都应该是活动的， 正因为这样， USB设备在任何时候都 可以增加和删除， 一旦有一个设备接入到一台 PC主机， 设备就被 USB初 始化软件识别并且分配一个在运行时期使用的唯一的标识符。 PC主机的下面是 USB主机控制器， 向下产生对外设的处理动作， 并 将处理动作交给根集线器， 根集线器提供 PC对外的 USB接口。 如果需要 增加 USB接口的个数， 则需要使用集线器。 集线器介于根集线器与外设之 间， 主要用来接收和转发通信数据。 目前使用的主机和设备之间的通讯， 通知设备必须通过配置设备， 为了进行通知， 使用专用的通知机制， 通过 消息告知哪些消息哪些设备的存储器传输组播消息。
从目前的串行通信方式看， 所有的数据是广播的形式， 例如， 主机发 出的标记会发给所有的设备， 然后设备相关存储器根据包中的地址域判断 是不是主机发给自己的数据包。 这样浪费了带宽资源也降低了通信的速率。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种串行通信的方法， 用于更好地解决带宽资 源受限和提高串行通信速率的问题。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种串行通信的系统， 用于更好地解决带 宽资源受限和提高串行通信速率的问题。
根据本发明的一个方面， 提供了一种串行通信的方法， 包括以下步骤：
A、 主机通过检测连接到其串口上的设备， 生成包含串口标识的设备地 址信息；
B、 主机向设备发送包含设备地址的通知消息；
C、设备收到通知消息后， 经由串口向主机发送包含设备地址的应答消 息；
D、设备在发送应答消息后向主机发送有用信息， 或者主机在收到应答 消息后向设备发送有用信息。
根据本发明的另一方面， 提供了一种串行通信的系统， 包括： 主机， 用于检测连接到其串口上的设备， 生成包含串口标识的设备地 址信息， 向设备发送包含设备地址的通知消息， 并在收到应答消息后向设 备发送有用信息；
设备， 用于在收到通知消息后经由串口发送所述设备地址的应答消息， 并在发送应答消息后向主机发送有用信息。
与现有技术相比较， 本发明的有益效果在于： 本发明通过主机检测连 接到串口上的设备生成设备地址信息实现主机和设备存储器之间的一对一 通信， 不仅节省带宽， 而且能够提高数据的传输速率。 附图说明
图 1是本发明提供的串行通信的方法流程示意图；
图 2是本发明提供的串行通信的系统结构示意图；
图 3是本发明实施例提供的主机发出的通知消息的结构示意图； 图 4是本发明实施例提供的设备发出的应答消息的结构示意图； 图 5是本发明实施例提供的没有中继器的串行通信的方法流程图； 图 6是本发明实施例提供的有中继器的串行通信的方法流程图； 图 7是本发明实施例提供的主机和设备双向发送消息的流程图。 具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行详细说明， 应当理解， 以下 所说明的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明， 并不用于限定本发明。
图 1显示了本发明提供的串行通信的方法流程示意， 如图 1所示： 步骤 S101 , 主机检测连接到其串口上的设备， 得到串口标识， 生成包 含串口标识的设备地址信息， 若主机与设备间需要中继器转发消息， 则设 备地址信息中还包括中继器的端口号。
步骤 S102, 若主机需要向设备发送信息， 则根据生成的设备地址信息 向设备发送包含设备地址的通知消息。 通知消息包括设备地址信息、 通知 消息类型、 可变地址和主机资源的使用情况。 主机对设备有两类通知消息， 一类是主机要求设备向主机发送数据， 另一类是主机对设备发送数据。
步骤 S103 , 设备收到通知消息后， 经由串口向主机发送包含设备地址 的应答消息。
若主机发送的通知消息为主机要求设备向主机发送数据， 则设备有可 能发送以下三类应答消息： 1、 表示通知消息无误接收到； 2、 表示通知消 息无误接收到， 但设备处于妨碍其接收的状态， 主机应重新发送； 3、 设备 出错被停止。 其中， 若设备发送的应答消息为通知消息无误接收到， 则设 备在发送此应答消息的同时可以发送有用信息， 若设备发送的应答消息为 设备处于妨碍其接收的状态或设备出错被停止， 则设备仅发送该应答消息， 不发送有用信息。
若主机发送的通知消息为主机对设备发送数据， 则设备有可能发送以 下三类应答消息： 1、 表示通知消息无误接收到； 2、 表示通知消息无误接 收到， 但设备处于妨碍其接收的状态， 主机应重新发送； 3、 设备出错被停 止。 其中， 若主机接收到的应答消息为通知消息无误接收到， 则主机继续 发送下一个数据包， 若主机接收到的应答消息为设备处于妨碍其接收的状 态或设备出错被停止， 则主机应停止发送下一数据包。
步骤 S104, 设备在发送应答消息后向主机发送有用信息， 或者主机在 收到应答消息后向设备发送有用信息。
图 2显示了本发明提供的串行通信的系统结构示意， 如图 2所示， 该 系统包括主机、 设备和中继器， 其中主机和设备相连， 主机和中继器相连， 中继器和设备相连。 其中， 主机和中继器可以集成在一起， 设备也可以与 中继器集成在一起。
其中， 主机用于检测连接到其串口上的设备， 生成包含串口标识的设 备地址信息， 根据设备地址信息一对一向设备发送包含设备地址的通知消 息， 并在收到应答消息后根据该应答消息判断是否向设备发送有用信息。 若主机接收到的应答消息为通知消息无误接收到， 则主机继续发送下 一个数据包， 若主机接收到的应答消息为设备处于妨碍其接收的状态或设 备出错被停止， 则主机应停止发送下一数据包。
设备用于在收到通知消息后经由串口发送所述设备地址的应答消息， 并在发送应答消息后向主机发送有用信息。
若设备发送的应答消息为通知消息无误接收到， 则设备在发送此应答 消息可以同时发送有用信息， 若设备发送的应答消息为设备处于妨碍其接 收的状态或设备出错被停止， 则设备仅发送该应答消息， 不发送有用信息。
图 3显示了本发明实施例提供的主机发出的通知消息的结构示意， 如 图 3所示，主机与设备通信之前首先要发通知消息 PAGING1或 PAGING2, 主机发送到设备的通知消息至少包含 ID , ADDR和 CON三个域。
其中， ID是接收通知消息的设备地址及其它找到设备的有用信息和通 知消息的类型。
ADDR是可变地址域， 当有设备增加时 ADDR的取值范围增加， 当设 备减少时 , ADDR的取值范围减少， 主机对 ADDR根据设备的插入和拔出 动态调节地址范围和域的字节数， 可连接的设备数量不受限制。
CON是目前主机资源的使用情况， 在主机和设备之间通信时， 主机和 设备之间有必要互相了解带宽和对方的緩存资源， 包含多长时间设备可以 向主机发送多大的数据包， 也包含主机和设置之间交互其他的有理由提交 资源利用的其他有效信息。 图 4所示， 设备对主机的应答消息 ANSWER包含 ID, CON和 EMP。
其中， ID是接收通知消息的设备地址及其它找到设备的有用信息和应 答消息的类型。 CON是目前设备的资源使用情况， 主机根据设备的资源使用情况， 决 定对设备反馈和主机如何发送， 何时给设备发送有用信息。
EMP是设备向主机发送消息的内容。
图 5显示了本发明实施例提供的没有中继器的串行通信的方法流程， 如图 5 所示， 主机对设备有两种通知， 一种是主机要求设备向主机发送数 据， 一种是主机对设备发送数据， 这两种通知分别是图中的 PAGING1 和 PAGING2, 但是都包含 ID、 ADDR和 CON, 在设备收到 PAGING1后， 设 备响应主机的应答 ANSWER, 或者发送有用信息 INF01。 主机向设备发送 PAGING2时， 设备向主机发送有用信息 INF02, 设备也可根据目前自己的 情况， 比如， 现在緩冲池是满的， 不能接收主机的发送来的数据， 不应答， 如果收到数据， 也可以使用上文中提到的 ANSWER进行应答， 如果设备准 备好接收数据， 主机给设备发送有用信息 INF02。
图 6显示了本发明实施例提供的有中继器的串行通信的方法流程， 如 图 6所示， 主机发往设备和设备发往主机的数据包经过中继器处理， 但是 经过中继器处理后的 PAGING1和经过中继器处理后的 PAGING2包含主机 向设备发送的通知消息，经过中继器处理后的 ANSWER和经过中继器处理 后的 ANSWERH包含设备向主机发送的应答消息。
图 7显示了本发明实施例提供的主机和设备双向发送消息的流程， 如 图 7所示， 当主机准备好接收数据的时候， 它发出通知消息 PAGING1 , 设 备返回数据包， 或者如果设备不能返回数据包， 则返回设备没有传输数据 到主机或者不会从主机接收数据的 ANSWER1或者设备不能传输或者接收 数据的 ANSWER2作为应答， 这时的主机不等到设备对主机前一个输入信 息的确认， 可以继续向设备发送通知消息， 而是在主机和设备之间同时进 行数据的发送和接收。
综上所述， 本发明具有以下技术效果： 本发明提出了一种新的数据结 构， 提出了主机和设备存储器之间的通信是特定的， 即主机和设备之间的 数据通信是一对一的， 既节省带宽， 也提高了数据传输速率， 同时， 地址 域的变化不限于外围设备的增加和减少， 节省资源。
尽管上文对本发明进行了详细说明， 但是本发明不限于此， 本领域技 术人员可以根据本发明的原理进行各种修改。 因此， 凡按照本发明原理所 作的修改， 都应当理解为落入本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种串行通信的方法， 其特征在于， 包括以下步骤：
A、 主机通过检测连接到其串口上的设备， 生成含有所述串口标识的设 备地址信息；
B、 主机向设备发送包含所述设备地址的通知消息；
C、 所述设备收到通知消息后， 经由串口向主机发送包含所述设备地址 的应答消息； 以及
D、设备在发送所述应答消息后向主机发送有用信息， 或者主机在收到 所述应答消息后向设备发送有用信息。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述通知消息至少包括 两类通知消息， 一类是通知设备应答并发送有用信息的通知消息， 另一类 是通知设备应答的通知消息。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的方法， 其特征在于， 当通知消息的类型为通 知设备应答并发送有用信息的通知消息时， 则设备在发送所述应答消息后 向主机发送有用信息。
4、 根据权利要求 2所述的方法， 其特征在于， 当通知消息的类型为通 知设备应答的通知消息时， 则主机在收到应答消息后向设备发送有用信息。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述应答消息为通知消 息无误接收的消息。
6、 根据权利要求 3或 4所述的方法， 其特征在于， 若主机经由串口通 过中继器向设备转发通知消息， 则所述设备地址信息还包含中继器的端口 号。
7、 一种串行通信的系统， 其特征在于， 该系统包括：
主机， 用于检测连接到其串口上的设备， 生成包含所述串口标识的设 备地址信息， 向设备发送包含所述设备地址的通知消息， 并在收到应答消 息后向设备发送有用信息； 以及
设备， 用于在收到所述通知消息后经由串口发送包含所述设备地址的 应答消息， 并在发送应答消息后向主机发送有用信息。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的系统， 其特征在于， 所述通知消息至少包括 两类通知消息， 一类是通知设备应答的通知消息， 另一类是通知设备应答 并发送有用信息的通知消息。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的系统， 其特征在于， 当主机发出的通知消息 的类型为通知设备应答并发送有用信息的通知消息时， 则设备在发送所述 应答消息后向主机发送有用信息。
10、 根据权利要求 8所述的系统， 其特征在于， 当主机发出的通知消 息的类型为通知设备应答的通知消息时， 则主机在收到应答消息后向设备 发送有用信息。
11、 根据权利要求 9或 10所述的系统， 其特征在于， 若主机经由串口 通过中继器向设备转发通知消息， 则所述设备地址信息还包含中继器的端 口号。
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