WO2012052867A1 - Mécanisme dépourvu de bielle - Google Patents

Mécanisme dépourvu de bielle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012052867A1
WO2012052867A1 PCT/IB2011/054393 IB2011054393W WO2012052867A1 WO 2012052867 A1 WO2012052867 A1 WO 2012052867A1 IB 2011054393 W IB2011054393 W IB 2011054393W WO 2012052867 A1 WO2012052867 A1 WO 2012052867A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
conrod
piston
free mechanism
journal
free
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2011/054393
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English (en)
Inventor
Igor Olegovych Kyrylyuk
Original Assignee
Igor Olegovych Kyrylyuk
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Igor Olegovych Kyrylyuk filed Critical Igor Olegovych Kyrylyuk
Publication of WO2012052867A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012052867A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B9/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups
    • F01B9/02—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups with crankshaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B61/00—Adaptations of engines for driving vehicles or for driving propellers; Combinations of engines with gearing
    • F02B61/06—Combinations of engines with mechanical gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H21/00—Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides
    • F16H21/10—Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides all movement being in, or parallel to, a single plane
    • F16H21/16—Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides all movement being in, or parallel to, a single plane for interconverting rotary motion and reciprocating motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H21/00—Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides
    • F16H21/10—Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides all movement being in, or parallel to, a single plane
    • F16H21/16—Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides all movement being in, or parallel to, a single plane for interconverting rotary motion and reciprocating motion
    • F16H21/18—Crank gearings; Eccentric gearings
    • F16H21/36—Crank gearings; Eccentric gearings without swinging connecting-rod, e.g. with epicyclic parallel motion, slot-and-crank motion
    • F16H21/365—Crank gearings; Eccentric gearings without swinging connecting-rod, e.g. with epicyclic parallel motion, slot-and-crank motion with planetary gearing having a ratio of 2:1 between sun gear and planet gear

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering and may be used in the constructions of any machines where the translational motion of a piston is converted into the rotational motion of an output shaft, in particular, in both internal combustion engines, pumps and compressors.
  • crank gear is the most common mechanism to convert translational motion of a piston into rotational motion of an output shaft. It is known that nearly one-fourth of the net power is lost in crank gears of internal combustion engines due to friction. Inability of balancing of second-order inertia forces and higher-order inertia forces without special mechanisms is another substantial disadvantage of such gears.
  • the known kinematic diagram of a slider-crank mechanism where an implemented mechanism without any connecting rod for converting the reciprocating movement of the pistons into a rotating movement of the output shaft is known as the Artobolevsky’s mechanism.
  • Said mechanism includes a body with two cylinders, whose axes are mutually perpendicular; a plurality of pistons with piston rods; sliding members, formed on the piston rods; a plurality of guides for the sliding members; a crankshaft and an intermediate member which is included in turning pairs with the piston rods and crankshaft.
  • the intermediate member pivotally coupled to the piston rods and crankshaft and carried out plane-parallel motion in the plane of movement of the sliding members that ensures a relationship between the motion of the pistons and the rotation of the crankshaft with the conversion of the reciprocating motion of the pistons into the rotational motion of the crankshaft without employing connecting rods.
  • USSR inventor’s certificate No. 118471 describes an engine with the above-disclosed kinematic diagram.
  • the engine comprises a body with cylinders; pistons with piston rods; sliding members, formed on the piston rods; guides for the sliding members, each of the guides being connected to the body and capable of displacing the corresponding sliding member along the axis of the corresponding cylinder; two coaxial cranked shafts mounted in the body; and a crankshaft mounted between the cranked shafts and having its main journals connected to said cranked shafts while the piston journals are connected to the corresponding piston rods.
  • the crankshaft connected pivotally to the piston rods and to the cranked shafts, carries out a compound planetary motion rotating about its axis and about the axis of the cranked shafts and ensures the relationship between the reciprocating motion of the pistons and the rotation of the cranked shafts with the conversion of the reciprocating motion of the pistons into a synchronous rotational motion of the cranked shafts without using of connecting rods.
  • the main journals of the crankshaft move in a circle, having a circle radius corresponding to the piston travel, while the pistons and piston rods, connected to the piston journals, carry out only the linear reciprocating motion along the piston path applying no lateral pressure to the cylinder walls.
  • Such mechanism is recommended not only for internal combustion engines, but also for drive compressors, pumps, gas piston generators, and other piston machines.
  • the sum of the clearances between the components of the conrod-free mechanism must always be less than the difference of a radial clearance between the cylinder walls, the pistons and a tolerance for the axis misalignment of the cylinders with the guides but must be more than the sum of tolerances for manufacturing deviations from rated dimensions, for the axis misalignment and nonconcentricity of components of the conrod-free mechanism (S.S. Balandin, Conrod-free Internal Combustion Engines, Moscow, Mashinostroyeniye, 1972, p. 11). Furthermore, the deformation of mechanism components under operating load should be taken into account.
  • the accuracy of the manufacture of parts of a conrod-free mechanism should be improved significantly to reduce the size as compared with conventional crank gears.
  • the hardness of the conrod-free mechanism should be increased to reduce the size.
  • the wear rate of friction pairs of the conrod-free mechanism allowable for the normal operation appears to be significantly less than the allowable wear rate of friction pairs of a crank gear.
  • the machines which are based on said conrod-free mechanism turn out to be more complicated and more expensive than the machines which are based on a conventional crank gears and their turnaround time proves to be much shorter. As a whole, this results in a lower efficiency of the prior art machines with conrod-free mechanisms in comparison with the machines comprising crank gears.
  • the closest analogue of the claimed invention is the solution, described in Russian Federation utility model patent No. 25536, which relates to a conrod-free mechanism, that comprises at least one crank; at least one cranked shaft, including a crank journal and a piston journal; at least one piston, that is configured to carry out a reciprocating motion, that is fixedly coupled to a piston rod and located within a cylinder, herewith the crank journal of the cranked shaft is connected pivotally to the piston rod, and the reciprocating motion of the piston is converted into the rotational motion of the cranked shaft or under reverse condition; at least one external gear that is fixedly attached to the main journal of the cranked shaft and configured engagable with the internal gear.
  • the cranked shaft is configured as a crankshaft, in particular, with three cranks, thus the center crank is provided with an additional support in the form of an eccentric sleeve.
  • the disadvantages of the above construction include a rather low reliability of the described mechanism , a high wear rate of its structural components as well as a relative complexity of the construction.
  • an object of the invention is to provide a conrod-free mechanism which does not form excessive kinematical connections during operation due to the used structural components as well as simplicity and reliability of the construction as a whole that makes it possible to improve the reliability of the conrod-free mechanism, to reduce the wear of the structural components, to increase efficiency, to reduce production costs of manufacture of the structural components, as well as to widen the sphere of application of the conrod-free mechanism in accordance with the present invention.
  • a conrod-free mechanism that comprises: at least one crank; at least one cranked shaft, including a crank journal and a piston journal; at least one piston that is configured to carry out a reciprocating motion that is fixedly coupled to a piston rod and located within a cylinder, herewith the crank journal of the cranked shaft is connected pivotally to the piston rod and the reciprocating motion of the piston is converted into the rotational motion of the cranked shaft or under reverse condition; at least one external gear (a cranked shaft gear) secured to the main journal of the cranked shaft and configured engagable with an internal gear (a body gear), herewith the piston rod is kinematically coupled with the piston journal of the cranked shaft so that the possibility is ensured of carrying out an oscillating motion of the piston journal limited in amplitude relative to the axis of the cylinder in which the piston is arranged in the conversion of the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotational motion of the cranked shaft or under reverse condition.
  • Such embodiment of the claimed invention makes it possible, due to the possibility of carrying out an oscillating motion of the piston journal about the axis of the cylinder in which the piston is located, to weaken requirements for the accuracy of the manufacture of the used structural components in the conrod-free mechanism as well as for the stiffness of the structural components.
  • the piston journal may go beyond the tolerances limited by the difference of the radial clearance between the cylinder walls, the pistons and the tolerance for cylinder axis misalignment with the guiding clearances within the cylinder, on the one part, and by the sum of tolerances for manufacturing deviations from rated dimensions, for the axis misalignment and nonconcentricity of components of the conrod-free mechanism as well as by the deformation of mechanism components under operating load, on the other hand.
  • the reference diameter of the internal gear of the conrod-free mechanism of the invention is substantially the double reference diameter of the external gear. This provides the movement of the piston journal along the axis of the cylinder and makes it possible to use no connecting rod in the construction of the claimed conrod-free mechanism.
  • the coupling of the piston rod to the piston journal of the cranked shaft is provided by means of a transmission member composed of at least two elements one of which is at a direct kinematic connection with the piston journal of the cranked shaft, and the other is at a direct kinematic connection with the piston rod which are mounted to carry out oscillating motions limited in amplitude relative to each other.
  • elements of the transmission member means both separate parts and the shape of the parts of the conrod-free mechanism. If the working surface of the piston is configured spherical, the piston itself is pivotally coupled to the piston journal.
  • a sliding member is utilized as the transmission member.
  • an arm is used as the transmission member.
  • the sliding member makes it unnecessary to form the working surface of the piston spherical or with larger clearances; allows any misalignment of the piston within the cylinder to be excluded; and, accordingly, permits large deviations of the piston journal from the cylinder axis without disturbing the operating capacity of the cylinder-piston group (CPG).
  • CPG cylinder-piston group
  • Such a construction is, however, slightly more complicated and heavier than a single hinge.
  • the employment of the arm is provided as an option of coupling another piston just as articulated connecting rods are coupled to master connecting rods in V-engines and star engines. The existence of such arm provides the compensation for any axis misalignment of opposite cylinders.
  • the conrod-free mechanism in accordance with the present invention is a pump or compressor. And, on the contrary, when converting the reciprocating motion into the rotational motion of the shaft, the conrod-free mechanism is the power unit of an internal combustion engine.
  • Such an embodiment of the claimed invention enables the sphere of application of the conrod-free mechanism to be widened significantly.
  • the conrod-free may be configured with two pistons arranged within opposite cylinders.
  • the conrod-free mechanism may be configured with two pistons arranged within cylinders which are positioned at an angle to each other.
  • the conrod-free mechanism may be configured with two or three pairs of pistons arranged within respective pairs of cylinders which are positioned at an angle to each other.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a conrod-free mechanism with one cylinder
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a conrod-free mechanism comprising two cylinders
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a conrod-free mechanism comprising an additional pair of gears
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a conrod-free mechanism with fixedly secured cranks and a rotatable body
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a conrod-free mechanism with two cranks and two pairs of cylinders which are positioned at an angle to each other.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a conrod-free mechanism with one cylinder, the conrod-free mechanism comprising: a body 1 which is fixedly secured; a crank 2; a cranked shaft 3; a piston 4 with a piston rod 5 arranged within a cylinder 6; a movable external gear 7 mounted to the cranked shaft 3; and a fixed internal gear 8 secured to the body 1.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a conrod-free mechanism comprising two cylinders. Like reference numerals in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 indicate like elements.
  • the conrod-free mechanism further comprises an additional crank 9.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a conrod-free mechanism comprising an additional pair of gears. Like reference numerals in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3 indicate like elements.
  • the conrod-free mechanism further comprises an additional pair of gears 10 and 11.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a conrod-free mechanism with fixedly secured cranks. Like reference numerals in Figs. 1 to Fig. 4 indicate like elements.
  • the cranks 2 and 9 are fixedly secured and the body 1 is rotatable.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a conrod-free mechanism with two cranks. Like reference numerals in Figs. 1 to Fig. 5 indicate like elements.
  • the cranked shaft 3 is configured with two cranks 2 and 9 to which two pairs of the pistons 4 are coupled.
  • the conrod-free mechanism in accordance with the present invention implements as follows:
  • the body 1 is fixedly secured; the internal gear 8 is secured to the body 1; the external gear 7 is mounted to the cranked shaft 3 and engages the internal gear 8.
  • the gear 7 rolls over the internal gear 8 with the cranked shaft 3, carrying out a double rotation about the axis of the crank 2 at a speed ⁇ and about its axis at a speed 2 ⁇ . Accordingly, the crank 2 rotates also about its axis at a speed ⁇ .
  • the piston journal 3 carries out plane-parallel motion along the axis of the cylinder 6 and rotates about its axis. A torque is taken off/applied to the shaft installed along the axis of the rotatable crank 2.
  • the conrod-free mechanism may comprise the additional rotatable crank 9 to reduce bending moments which act on the cranked shaft 3 (Fig. 2).
  • the conrod-free mechanism may comprise an additional pair of gears 10 and 11 to reduce torsional forces which act on the cranked shaft 3 (Fig.3).
  • cranks 2 and 9 are fixedly secured and a torque is taken off/applied to the rotatable body. This ensures a symmetrical loading of the cranked shaft 3 with bending moments and torsional moments to achieve the greatest strength and hardness of the cranked shaft 3 (Fig. 4).
  • the cranked shaft 3 is configured with two cranks to which two pairs of the pistons 4 are coupled (Fig. 5). Generally, up to three cranks arranged at an angle of 120 degree of cranked shaft rotation may be installed in the conrod-free.
  • the claimed invention relates to a conrod-free mechanism which, owing to the possibility of compensation for manufacture inaccuracies and operating deformations, ensures both simplicity and reliability of the construction as a whole; makes it possible to avoid excessive kinematical connections in the conrod-free mechanism; that makes it possible to improve the reliability of the conrod-free mechanism in accordance with the present invention, to reduce the wear of the structural components, to increase efficiency, to reduce production costs to manufacture the structural components, as well as to widen the sphere of application of the conrod-free.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte au domaine de l'ingénierie mécanique et peut être utilisée dans les constructions de toute machine où le mouvement de translation d'un piston est converti en mouvement rotatif d'un arbre de sortie, en particulier, dans les moteurs à combustion interne ainsi que les pompes et compresseurs. La présente invention se rapporte à un mécanisme dépourvu de bielle qui, en raison de la possibilité d'une compensation des imprécisions de fabrication et des déformations de fonctionnement, garantit à la fois la simplicité et la fiabilité de la construction dans son ensemble ; permet d'améliorer la fiabilité du mécanisme, de réduire l'usure des composants structuraux, d'augmenter l'efficacité, de réduire les coûts de production des composants structuraux.
PCT/IB2011/054393 2010-10-20 2011-10-05 Mécanisme dépourvu de bielle WO2012052867A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
UAA201012373 2010-10-20
UA2010012373 2010-10-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012052867A1 true WO2012052867A1 (fr) 2012-04-26

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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1241833A (fr) * 1959-08-12 1960-09-23 Mécanisme pour transformer un mouvement alternatif rectiligne en un mouvement circulaire continu et vice-versa, et ses applications
US3791227A (en) * 1972-04-21 1974-02-12 M Cherry Vibration free piston engine
FR2389806A1 (fr) * 1977-05-05 1978-12-01 Huf Franz Joseph
DE3207344A1 (de) * 1982-03-02 1983-09-08 Walter 7000 Stuttgart Schulz Sternmotorkompressor mit x und dreieckhubkolbenstangenfuehrungen am gekoppelten planetentriebwerk
FR2657932A1 (fr) * 1990-02-06 1991-08-09 Mery Dezso Entrainement a vilebrequin, en particulier pour des moteurs a piston et des machines-outils.
US6006619A (en) * 1998-04-09 1999-12-28 Gindentuller; Ilya Internal combustion engine with improved orbital crankshaft motion converter
RU25536U1 (ru) 2002-01-31 2002-10-10 Открытое акционерное общество "КАМАЗ" Синхронный бесшатунный механизм (два варианта)
WO2007138637A2 (fr) * 2006-05-31 2007-12-06 La.Me S.R.L. Matériaux pour dispositif de conversion d'un mouvement alternatif rectiligne en un mouvement de rotation

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1241833A (fr) * 1959-08-12 1960-09-23 Mécanisme pour transformer un mouvement alternatif rectiligne en un mouvement circulaire continu et vice-versa, et ses applications
US3791227A (en) * 1972-04-21 1974-02-12 M Cherry Vibration free piston engine
FR2389806A1 (fr) * 1977-05-05 1978-12-01 Huf Franz Joseph
DE3207344A1 (de) * 1982-03-02 1983-09-08 Walter 7000 Stuttgart Schulz Sternmotorkompressor mit x und dreieckhubkolbenstangenfuehrungen am gekoppelten planetentriebwerk
FR2657932A1 (fr) * 1990-02-06 1991-08-09 Mery Dezso Entrainement a vilebrequin, en particulier pour des moteurs a piston et des machines-outils.
US6006619A (en) * 1998-04-09 1999-12-28 Gindentuller; Ilya Internal combustion engine with improved orbital crankshaft motion converter
RU25536U1 (ru) 2002-01-31 2002-10-10 Открытое акционерное общество "КАМАЗ" Синхронный бесшатунный механизм (два варианта)
WO2007138637A2 (fr) * 2006-05-31 2007-12-06 La.Me S.R.L. Matériaux pour dispositif de conversion d'un mouvement alternatif rectiligne en un mouvement de rotation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
S.S. BALANDIN: "Conrod-free Internal Combustion Engines", MASHINOSTROYENIYE, 1972, pages 11

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