WO2012052551A1 - Utilisation d'un résidu de décomposition résultant de la production de dioxyde de titane en tant que substance à activité photocatalytique - Google Patents

Utilisation d'un résidu de décomposition résultant de la production de dioxyde de titane en tant que substance à activité photocatalytique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012052551A1
WO2012052551A1 PCT/EP2011/068454 EP2011068454W WO2012052551A1 WO 2012052551 A1 WO2012052551 A1 WO 2012052551A1 EP 2011068454 W EP2011068454 W EP 2011068454W WO 2012052551 A1 WO2012052551 A1 WO 2012052551A1
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Prior art keywords
digestion
residue
photocatalytically active
titanium dioxide
digestion residue
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PCT/EP2011/068454
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gerhard Auer
Frank Hipler
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Crenox Gmbh
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Publication of WO2012052551A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012052551A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
    • C04B14/30—Oxides other than silica
    • C04B14/305—Titanium oxide, e.g. titanates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
    • B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
    • B01J21/063—Titanium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
    • C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
    • C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the use of digestion residue, which is obtained in the production of titanium dioxide by the sulfate process as a production residue, as a photocatalytically active substance, for example as an additive in building materials and / or components, such. Concrete components, and a photocatalytically active substance containing digestion residue and cement.
  • a photocatalytically active substance for example as an additive in building materials and / or components, such. Concrete components, and a photocatalytically active substance containing digestion residue and cement.
  • titania in the form of anatase as a photocatalyst in cement compositions is known.
  • the corresponding compositions are used to make a variety of components and components and to provide them with photocatalytic properties, for example, to reduce pollutants in the presence of moisture, oxygen and light.
  • the photocatalytic effect of titanium dioxide for example, causes color changes of concrete components due to pollutants in the environment are reduced or avoided, or that air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides are catalytically degraded.
  • titanium dioxide either to the building material can be mixed, for example by Ti0 2 mineral fillers replaced entirely or partially or by finished components with a titanium dioxide-containing composition, the binder and / or adhesive agent contains, additionally coated.
  • the sulphate process for the production or recovery of titanium dioxide is known in the art (see, for example, Industrial Inorganic Pigments (publisher G. Buxbaum, Wiley-VCH Weinheim, 3rd edition 2005, pages 59 to 61) or Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th Edition, Volume A20, pages 276-278).
  • the titanium-containing ore for example ilmenite or titanium slag
  • the so-called solids-containing black solution in which the titanium is dissolved as titanyl sulfate obtained.
  • solids-containing black solution In order to be able to process the solids-containing black solution, optionally after reduction of the trivalent iron present in the solution, it is necessary to prepare this black solution by solid separation to form a solids-free solution or digestion solution, the so-called solids-free black solution.
  • the solid particles in the black solution which are usually residues of the titanium-containing starting material, ie not digested ore, are removed. This is necessary in order to obtain titanium dioxide of sufficient purity in the subsequent further process steps and stages.
  • the solids separation can be carried out, for example, by centrifugation, sedimentation or by filtration. As a rule, this solids removal takes place by means of vacuum filters or filter presses, for example. a vacuum rotary filter or a chamber or membrane filter press, in ⁇ provisionally the solids present in the black solution containing solids is preconcentrated before filtration in a thickener.
  • the solids-free black solution obtained after the solids separation is then fed to further process stages in which, for example, iron sulfate is separated off as filter or green salt.
  • the titanyl sulfate is precipitated as titania hydrate, separated from the remaining dilute acid by filtration, washed and calcined to obtain titania.
  • the titanium oxide hydrate or the calcined titanium dioxide thus obtained in the anatase modification is then used as the photocatalytically active material.
  • a disadvantage of the known compositions thus obtained is that pure titanium dioxide is expensive, and the resulting high costs make the end product, especially in the case of cementitious building materials, uneconomical.
  • pure titanium dioxide is photocatalytically active only in the presence of UV components in the light. The object of the invention is therefore to provide a photocatalytically active substance which has an activity and usability comparable to titanium dioxide and at the same time is available at low cost.
  • the insoluble digestion residue obtained in the recovery of titanium dioxide by the sulphate process during digestion of the titanium-containing starting material with sulfuric acid is used as the photocatalytically active substance.
  • Particularly advantageous in digestion residue is its chemical inertness with simultaneous photocatalytic activity. If the separation of black solution and solids is carried out by filtration, the digestion residue may be the optionally dried filter cake.
  • the present invention therefore relates to the use of the insoluble digestion residue obtained as a photocatalytically active substance in the recovery of titanium dioxide by the sulphate process in the digestion of the titanium-containing starting material with sulfuric acid.
  • the digestion residue is used as a photocatalytically active additive or filler for building materials, for example cementitious building materials such as concrete or mortar.
  • building materials for example cementitious building materials such as concrete or mortar.
  • 1 to 40 wt .-%, preferably 1 to 20 wt .-%, particularly preferably 2 to 15 wt .-%, digestion residue based on the building material, in particular the cementitious building material can be used.
  • the pulping residue prior to use as filler or aggregate is washed with dilute sulfuric acid and / or water, for example by means of a filter press to displace the adhering titanyl sulfate-containing solution.
  • the digestion residue can be completely or partially neutralized before use, for example, until a pH of 5 to 12 is set.
  • the neutralization of a filter cake can be carried out by redispersing the filter cake with water, adding a base as a neutralizing agent and then filtering again and optionally washing again. It is also possible that the neutralization of the filter cake without renewed mashing takes place directly in or on the filtration unit by washing the filter cake with an aqueous solution of the neutralizing agent.
  • Suitable neutralizing agents are all common alkaline compounds, eg. As solid or dissolved alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxides.
  • the filter cake can be washed with water until it reacts neutral or approximately neutral, so that the addition of a neutralizing agent can be omitted in whole or in part.
  • it may be advantageous to dry the digestion residue for example by dry blowing with air or heated air.
  • drying can also be carried out using any method and apparatus known to the person skilled in the art, for example in a drying cabinet, with a belt dryer, a spray dryer or a spin flash dryer.
  • the dried pulping residue may be ground or deagglomerated to a fine powder to improve further processability, e.g. Example by means of a pin mill, a roll mill, a Bauerfflemühle or other units known in the art.
  • the digestion residue in the form of a filter cake since in the manufacture of building material preparations. especially concrete, the fillers are mixed using water with the binder. As a result, a costly drying of the digestion residue can be avoided.
  • the digestion residue in the form of a filter cake or a suspension having a solids content of ⁇ 90 wt .-%, preferably ⁇ 80 wt .-% can be used.
  • the digestion residue which contains essentially undigested ore, has a high content of titanium dioxide of 10 to 90% by weight, preferably 25 to 70% by weight, more preferably 40 to 60% by weight, based on the solids content.
  • the indication of the Ti0 2 content results from elemental analysis and detects both crystalline titanium oxide and non-crystalline, amorphous fractions.
  • the TiO 2 * is preferably partially in the rutile modification.
  • the phases can be qualitatively and quantitatively determined by X-ray diffractometry (see, for example, H. Krischner and B. Koppelhuber-Bitschnau, X-ray structure analysis and Rietveld method, 5th edition, Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn Verlagsgesel 1 mbH, Braunschweig / Wiesbaden, 1994).
  • the pulping residue preferably contains both agnes titanate (eg in the form of MgTi 2 O 5 and / or Mgo , 75 Ti 2. 2 50 5 ) and iron titanate (ilmenite FeTiO 3 ) and calcium titanate (eg CaTiO 3 ).
  • agnes titanate eg in the form of MgTi 2 O 5 and / or Mgo , 75 Ti 2. 2 50 5
  • iron titanate iron titanate
  • calcium titanate eg CaTiO 3
  • the exclusion residue preferably contains iron oxides, preferably in an amount of 0.5 to 30% by weight, more preferably 2 to 20% by weight, calculated as
  • the exclusion residue preferably has an aluminum alloy (as Al 2 O 3) of from 0.5 to 20% by weight, preferably from 2 to 10% by weight.
  • the AusQueryschreibstand preferably has a silicon content (as Si0 2 ) of 5 to 40 wt.%, Preferably from 10 to 20 wt.%, On.
  • the digestion residue used in accordance with the invention has a BET surface area of from 1 to 150 m.sup.-1 g. more preferably 3 to 50 m 2 / g, and particularly preferably 5 to 30 m 2 / g.
  • the BET surface area is determined according to DIN ISO 9277 by means of N 2 at 77 K on a degassed at 140 ° C for 1 hour and dried sample. The evaluation is carried out by multi-point determination (10-point determination).
  • An acid digestion residue is e.g. the material described in DE 197 25 018 B4 in Example 3.
  • the content of this document is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • a neutral and low-salt (especially low-sodium) digestion residue is e.g. the material described in D 197 25 018 B4 in Example 4.
  • the content of this document is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the digestion residue may replace all or part of the mineral additives and / or fillers commonly used in building materials.
  • the ultrafine fillers commonly used in building materials especially cement-containing building materials such as concrete (with passage through a 63 ⁇ sieve) such as quartz powder up to 100 wt .-%, preferably 50 to 100 wt .-% can be replaced by the pulping residue.
  • the titanium-containing starting material from which remains after digestion of the digestion residue as a solid fraction is usually ilmenite or titanium slag or a mixture thereof.
  • a higher sulfate content or lower pH can cause a significant increase in the photocatalytic activity.
  • the sulphate content of the digestion residue is therefore> 3, in particular> 4% by weight, based on the solids content of the digestion residue.
  • a sulphate content of from 3 to 15% by weight, in particular from 4 to 12% by weight may be advantageous.
  • the pH of the digestion residue is ⁇ 5, in particular ⁇ 3.
  • the pH of the digestion residue used is preferably 1 to 4, more preferably 1.5 to 3.
  • the digestion residue can be used together with pure titanium dioxide.
  • the titanium dioxide can be produced synthetically, for example by means of the sulfate process.
  • the mass ratio of digestion residue to synthetic titanium dioxide is> 5: 1, preferably> 10: 1.
  • This titanium dioxide which may be used in admixture with the digestion residue, is preferably a titanium oxide hydrate.
  • the additional titanium dioxide preferably the titanium oxide hydrate described above, preferably has a ratio of titania in the anatase form to x-ray diffractometry to rutile titanium dioxide of greater than 90:10, more preferably greater than 99: 1. The determination of the ratio is carried out as described above.
  • Particles of this titanium oxide hydrate can be obtained, for example, by hydrolysis of a sulfuric acid-containing titanyl sulfate solution.
  • a sulfuric acid suspension of titanium oxide hydrate is obtained during the hydrolysis, which may still contain undesired impurities, in particular heavy metals.
  • one or more purification steps are carried out to rid the titanium oxide hydrate of unwanted impurities.
  • Titanium oxide hydrate particles are preferably used which are formed by hydrolysis of titanyl sulfate, which is obtained in the titanium dioxide production process by the sulphate process. This process is described, for example, in Industrial Inorganic Pigments, 3rd Ed., Ed. Gunter Buxbaum, Wiley-VCH, 2005.
  • the sulfate content of the titanium oxide hydrate is preferably up to 2.5% by weight, based on TiO 2.
  • the sulfate content may be 0.5 to 2.5, preferably 1.5 to 2.5 wt.%, Based on T1O2, but also less than 0.5 wt.% Be.
  • the titanium oxide hydrate preferably has a BET surface area of 40 to 300 m 2 / g, more preferably 60 to 150 m 2 / g.
  • the BET surface area is determined according to DIN ISO 9277 by means of N 2 at 77 K at a degassed at 140 ° C for 1 hour and dried sample of the Titanoxidhydratpumblen. The evaluation is carried out by multi-point determination (10-point determination).
  • the invention relates to a photocatalytically active composition which contains in the recovery of titanium dioxide by the sulfate process in the digestion of the titanium-containing starting material with sulfuric acid resulting insoluble digestion residue.
  • the composition may further optionally contain cement as another ingredient.
  • the photocatalytically active composition may be characterized in that this composition has a BET surface area between 2 and 150 m 2 / g, preferably between 5 and 100 m of Ig, particularly preferably between 5 and 50 m of Ig.
  • the photocatalytically active composition may comprise a Ti0 2 -containing material in anatase modification, preferably a titanium oxide hydrate.
  • the proportion of the Ti0 2 -containing material in anatase modification based on the other constituents can be from 0.1 to 300% by weight, preferably from 1 to 50% by weight, particularly preferably from 2 to 10% by weight, be.
  • the photocatalytically active composition is further characterized in that the residual moisture in the composition (1 h at 105 ° C) more than 3 wt .-%, preferably more than 5 wt .-%, more preferably more than 10 wt. -%, is.
  • the photocatalytically active composition may further comprise a chromate reducer, preferably a filter oil-containing chromate reducer.
  • the filter salt may be filter salt from the sulfate process for the production of titanium dioxide. Filter salt is separated during the treatment or Aufkonzentri tion of dilute acid (dilute sulfuric acid), which is obtained in the production of titanium dioxide by the sulfate process. Filter salt is a metal sulfate mixture and consists i.w. from Fe (II) sulphate monohydrate and, if appropriate, further metal sulphates, such as Magnesium and titanium sulfate and significant amounts of free sulfuric acid (about 12 to 30 wt .-%). The moisture is about 20 to 40 wt .-%.
  • the invention relates to a building material or a component containing the photocatalytically active substance of the invention, ie either digestion residue or a mixture of digestion residue and cement.
  • the mineral additives or fillers commonly used to 1 to 60 wt .-%, preferably 5 to 50% by weight may be replaced by pulping residue.
  • the ultrafine fillers commonly used (with passage through a 63 ⁇ sieve) to 1 to 100 wt .-%, preferably 50 to 100 wt .-% be replaced by pulping residue.
  • the pulping residue contains 10 to 90% by weight, preferably 25 to 70% by weight, more preferably 40 to 60% by weight of titanium dioxide.
  • the building material or the component contains 1 to 9 wt .-%, preferably 2.5 to 7 wt .-%, titanium dioxide.
  • the building materials obtained by the use of digestion residue as a photocatalytically active filler are characterized by good photocatalytic properties, in particular in the visible region of the spectrum and not only in the UV range (as in pure titanium dioxide). Furthermore, they have good ones Surface properties, in terms of adhesion of adhesives and self-cleaning ability. Finally, these building materials, especially concrete, due to the very high fineness of the digestion residue, increased strength, in particular pressure resistance possess.
  • pulping residue together with pure titanium dioxide may be advantageous to use pulping residue together with pure titanium dioxide as the photocatalyst. Due to the significantly different costs, the different light absorption behavior, the different chemical composition, the different color and the different fineness of the two materials, a desired property profile can be adjusted in a targeted manner by suitable proportions of the two components.
  • fluctuations in the titanium content of the pulping residue and resulting fluctuations in the photocatalytic properties can be compensated for by adding pure titanium dioxide.
  • variations in the photocatalytic properties of the digestion residue can be caused by the composition of the titanium-containing raw materials, by the mixing ratio of different raw materials or by different degrees of digestion.
  • the photocatalytic properties of the digestion residue can be adjusted in a targeted manner by a suitable choice of type and quality, quantity and processing of the additional TiO 2 . In this way it is possible to produce a product with a specified composition and effect from an industrial by-product with significant variations in its composition and properties.
  • the nature of the additive to influence the rutile / anatase ratio in a targeted manner.
  • activating substances include, but are not limited to zeolites.
  • the zeolite may be, for example, zeolite 4A, but other zeolites may be used.
  • zeolites have large physical surfaces. A possible effect of the zeolites is the adsorption of pollutants (for example NO), or the improved desorption of the reaction products.
  • the invention relates to a process for improving or activating photocatalytic properties of components which contain titanium dioxide, in particular in the form of pulping residue, characterized in that the surface of the components is treated mechanically in the form of grinding, polishing, sand blasting or similar processes.
  • this mechanical treatment can be carried out in such a way that titanium dioxide particles are exposed on the surface. These are then available for photocatalytic reactions on the surface of the component. This treatment may be repeated as necessary at certain intervals, especially when the photocatalytic activity of the surface has decreased.
  • the invention relates to a process for the preparation of a photocatalytically active substance, characterized in that the process comprises:
  • washing steps which can be carried out with water or dilute sulfuric acid
  • drying steps one or more neutralization steps, which may optionally include addition of a neutralizing agent s
  • grinding steps one or more grinding steps. Suitable process steps are described above in connection with the recovery of the digestion residue by way of example.
  • the solids-containing digestion solution obtained by digesting a titanium-containing slag with sulfuric acid is converted into a thickener. From the underflow of the thickener, the digestion residue is separated in a filter press, neutralized with sodium hydroxide solution, filtered again and then spray-dried.
  • the product obtained has the following composition:
  • a neutralized digestion residue with the composition below was kneaded and mixed with a Ti0 2 -Anatas of -300 m 2 / g and homogenized. The addition amounts are listed in Table 1. If necessary, silica gel was also added as an additional desiccant.
  • the mixtures were dried and examined for their photocatalytic activity in the reduction of NOx in the gas phase.
  • the samples were pre-irradiated for 7 days with 1 mW / cm 2 UV (A) light.
  • the photocatalytic NO oxidation was measured in an apparatus in the air (relative humidity 50%) containing 1 ppm of NO and a Flow rate of 3 L / min over a sample of size (50 x 100) mm 2 is passed.
  • the measurements were recorded using an O / 0 2 analyzer with a fluorescence detector with a detection limit of 1 ppb NO. Irradiation was carried out with UV (A) lamps, the light intensity at the sample surface being 1 mW / cm 2 .
  • FIG. 2 shows the concentration of NO and NO 2 during the measurement of sample 2.2.
  • Table 1 Anatomical anatase for samples 2.1 to 2.4
  • Example 2 The digestion residue from Example 2 was kneaded with 20% anatase and 20% zeolite 4 ⁇ , based on the mass of digestion residue, and homogenized. The catalytic activity was tested in the same manner as described in Example 2. The results are listed in Table 2.
  • FIG. 3 shows the concentration of NO and NO 2 during the measurement of sample 3.1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne l'utilisation d'un résidu de décomposition résultant de la production de dioxyde de titane selon un procédé au sulfate en tant que substance à activité photocatalytique, par exemple dans des matériaux de construction et/ou des éléments de construction comme, par ex., des éléments en béton, ainsi qu'une substance à activité photocatalytique qui contient un résidu de décomposition et du ciment, des éléments de construction et des matériaux de construction qui contiennent cette substance photocatalytique, et un procédé de production de ladite substance à activité photocatalytique.
PCT/EP2011/068454 2010-10-22 2011-10-21 Utilisation d'un résidu de décomposition résultant de la production de dioxyde de titane en tant que substance à activité photocatalytique WO2012052551A1 (fr)

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DE102010060127.6 2010-10-22
DE102010060127A DE102010060127A1 (de) 2010-10-22 2010-10-22 Verwendung von Aufschlussrückstand aus der Titandioxidherstellung als photokatalytisch aktive Substanz

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WO2012052551A1 true WO2012052551A1 (fr) 2012-04-26

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PL237058B1 (pl) * 2019-02-06 2021-03-08 Univ West Pomeranian Szczecin Tech Sposób otrzymywania fotoaktywnych cementów

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112521142A (zh) * 2020-12-08 2021-03-19 西南科技大学 一种光催化陶瓷及其制备方法以及降解有机染料RhB的方法

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