WO2012049216A2 - Machine-outil, procédé d'usinage de pièces - Google Patents

Machine-outil, procédé d'usinage de pièces Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2012049216A2
WO2012049216A2 PCT/EP2011/067827 EP2011067827W WO2012049216A2 WO 2012049216 A2 WO2012049216 A2 WO 2012049216A2 EP 2011067827 W EP2011067827 W EP 2011067827W WO 2012049216 A2 WO2012049216 A2 WO 2012049216A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vibration
workpiece
tool
machine tool
axes
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2011/067827
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2012049216A3 (fr
Inventor
Axel HESSENKÄMPER
Hans-Jörg PUCHER
Original Assignee
Sauer Ultrasonic Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sauer Ultrasonic Gmbh filed Critical Sauer Ultrasonic Gmbh
Priority to CN2011800491328A priority Critical patent/CN103313821A/zh
Priority to EP11769867.0A priority patent/EP2627474A2/fr
Publication of WO2012049216A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012049216A2/fr
Publication of WO2012049216A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012049216A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
    • B23Q5/02—Driving main working members
    • B23Q5/027—Driving main working members reciprocating members
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B29/00—Holders for non-rotary cutting tools; Boring bars or boring heads; Accessories for tool holders
    • B23B29/04—Tool holders for a single cutting tool
    • B23B29/12—Special arrangements on tool holders
    • B23B29/125—Vibratory toolholders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B37/00—Boring by making use of ultrasonic energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P25/00—Auxiliary treatment of workpieces, before or during machining operations, to facilitate the action of the tool or the attainment of a desired final condition of the work, e.g. relief of internal stress
    • B23P25/003—Auxiliary treatment of workpieces, before or during machining operations, to facilitate the action of the tool or the attainment of a desired final condition of the work, e.g. relief of internal stress immediately preceding a cutting tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
    • B24B1/04—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes subjecting the grinding or polishing tools, the abrading or polishing medium or work to vibration, e.g. grinding with ultrasonic frequency
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/08—Means for treating work or cutting member to facilitate cutting
    • B26D7/086—Means for treating work or cutting member to facilitate cutting by vibrating, e.g. ultrasonically
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2260/00—Details of constructional elements
    • B23B2260/108—Piezoelectric elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2270/00—Details of turning, boring or drilling machines, processes or tools not otherwise provided for
    • B23B2270/10—Use of ultrasound
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q2230/00—Special operations in a machine tool
    • B23Q2230/004—Using a cutting tool reciprocating at high speeds, e.g. "fast tool"

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a machine tool and a workpiece machining method according to the preambles of the independent claims.
  • the vibrating ⁇ vibrate tools comparatively high frequency, for example, frequencies above 5 kHz or above 10 kHz or above 20 kHz. Because of the high vibration frequencies ⁇ which can lie ⁇ gen beyond human hearing, are often referred to as the processing ultrasonic machining and the machine as an ultrasound machine.
  • the vibration of the tool may be a translational or a rotational vibration. The tool can move parallel to the surface of the workpiece and then quasi filing materialpierlend but it can also act on the workpiece impact.
  • a disadvantage of the known machining methods, in particular with tools without a defined cutting edge, is that it is often difficult to put a tool into suitable vibration movements and that desired vibration patterns are often not adjustable.
  • a disadvantage of the known machining methods, in particular with tools with a defined cutting edge, is that in certain machining situations, in particular for certain workpiece materials, the removal rate is relatively low or the tool wear is relatively high or the surface quality of the machined workpiece is relatively poor. It was found that the breaking of chips during machining leaves comparatively rough and torn surfaces with conventional tools with a defined cutting edge, which are not mechanically optimally resistant and susceptible 'environmental influences (corrosion, rust).
  • the object of the invention is to specify a machine tool and a workpiece machining method, in particular for tools without a defined cutting edge, in which desired machining patterns and desired vibration patterns can be set efficiently.
  • a further object of the invention is to specify a machine tool and a workpiece machining method, in particular for tools with a defined cutting edge, which in certain machining situations provide improved removal performance and / or less tool wear and / or improved surface qualities, in particular smoother and more compacted surfaces on the workpiece result.
  • a first vibration unit is provided to vibrate the workpiece.
  • the workpiece table that is the area on which the workpiece rests or on which it is attached, vibrated.
  • the workpiece is vibrated for machining.
  • Tool vibration and workpiece vibration can be controllable at the same time, resulting in a total superimposed relative vibration between the workpiece and the tool.
  • Both tool and workpiece may be vibratable along or about multiple axes of vibration.
  • the vibrations can be controlled by a common control, they can be coordinated or made independently.
  • the vibrations can be caused for example with piezo elements, which are controlled by suitable signals.
  • the tool can be a tool with a defined sheath (eg drill, milling cutter, lathe, planer ...) or a tool without a defined cutting edge (eg.
  • the tool holder is designed accordingly.
  • Figure 1 shows schematically the side view of a machine tool 10.
  • 5 is a machine frame.
  • a workpiece table 3 is fixed or fastened.
  • a tool 2 can be fastened or fastened via a second vibration unit 12.
  • First and second vibration units can be interchangeable.
  • the tool 2 vibrating second Vibrati ⁇ onsaku 12 may be provided as structurally non-detachable unit with the tool 2 and may be releasably connected to the machine tool 10 via a serving as a coupling tool holder 4.
  • the vibration generated via the first vibration unit 11 may be a linear vibration or a torsional vibration.
  • a linear vibration of the first vibration unit 11 may have directional components parallel and / or perpendicular to the local workpiece plane.
  • a rotational vibration of the first vibrating unit 11 may be a pre-existing in the machine axis of rotation around it ⁇ follow. In particular, it can be around the same axis around like a possible rotational vibration of the tool.
  • a vibration unit can one or more vibrators, z. B. piezo elements having. You can receive the same or different signals. The difference can be a phase offset or an inversion.
  • Workpiece (table) 1, 3 and / or tool (holder) 2, 4 can translationally and / or rotationally along or be adjustable about respective axes in order to adjust the relative position of the workpiece and tool can.
  • These axes serve as positioning means, they are indicated in Fig. 1 by reference numerals 13 and 14 only qualitatively. They can be located between the tool holder 4 and Ma ⁇ schin frame 5 and between the first Vibrationsein ⁇ ness 11 and machine frame. 5 These can each be multiple axes.
  • the blocks 13 and 14 may represent multi-component components. During the actual workpiece machining by the tool, the axes 13, 14 can be held or moved.
  • ⁇ 15 symbolizes a controller, by means of which the individual components can be controlled or regulated. In particular, it controls the existing Vib ⁇ rationsakuen 11, 12 and the positioning devices 13, 14th
  • the controller indicates signals the respective actuators and receives signals from sensors (not shown).
  • the target specifications can come from digital workpiece definitions or from a processed machining program.
  • the sensors can include sensors on the vibration units 11, 12, position sensors on the individual axes of the positioning devices 13, 14, or depth sensors for the measurement of the work progress on the workpiece and üm technicallyssensorik.
  • Each of the vibration units 11, 12 can vibrati ⁇ on along one or about an axis or along several or cause several axes and accordingly suitably mounted vibrators.
  • suitable constructions are to be provided, which can be electrically controlled accordingly.
  • the vibration units may include piezo actuators that receive appropriate signals from the controller 15. But it can also be provided electromagnetic actuators / vibrators.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows driving schemes possible in a machine as shown in FIG. Shown are four different areas A, B, C and D. Shown is the operation of the respective vibration ⁇ units 11 and 12.
  • the period A none of the vibration units is active.
  • period B only the first vibration unit 11 (the one on the tool table 3) is active.
  • period C only the second vibration unit 12 (the one on the tool 4) is active.
  • period D the first and second vibration units are active. So it can be operated individually each of the vibration units. However, it is tuned ge ⁇ successive jointly both or operated independently of one ⁇ other.
  • both vibration units are actuated together, results between tool 2 and workpiece 1 resulting from superposition of the individual movements total relative movement, which is composed of the two vibration components of the workpiece on the one hand and the tool on the other.
  • the individual vibration units number of translational and rotational axes, alignment of the axes
  • the most varied combinations are mög ⁇ Lich, not all of which must be possible useful or technically.
  • the individual vibration axes (translational, rotational) of the vibration units 11, 12 can be operated with adjustable frequencies, adjustable amplitudes einrtellbaren waveforms and relatively mutually adjustable phase angles.
  • the frequencies set on different axes may be the same or different from each other. If they are different, they can assume certain frequency ⁇ relationships, about 2: 1, 3: 1, 3: 2 'or ähnli ⁇ ches.
  • the phase position ' can also be adjustable here.
  • the waveform of the drive signals may be sine, rectangle, triangle or the like.
  • the relative movement between tool 2 and workpiece 1 caused by superimposition can, during operation along a plurality of vibration axes within a vibration unit or the two vibration units depending on the frequency relationships and phase angles yield Lissajous patterns which can represent the movement of an ideal tool center over the workpiece surface. This is shown schematically in FIG.
  • Fig. 3a shows single vibrations along an x-axis (arrow 32) and along a y-axis (arrow 31). If both vibrations with the same frequency to take place, the arrows 33 and 34, the superimposed Real ⁇ tivfest for phase position 0 ° or 180 °, while the circuit 35 for phase position shows the relative movement of 90 ° and 270 °. The circle is then looped clockwise or counterclockwise. If, for example, two translatory axes perpendicular to one another are actuated at the same frequency, depending on the phase positions of the signals, relative translational movements (phase position 0 ° or 180 °) or a rotational relative movement (phase position 90 ° or 270 °) result.
  • FIG. 36 indicates the total effective area of the tool on the workpiece.
  • Figure 37 shows an overall tool center point moving along the paths shown. For more complex frequency ratios (2: 1, 3: 1, 3: 2, 7), correspondingly more complex patterns occur, as shown in FIG. 3b for some frequency ratios and phase angles.
  • the first and / or the second vibration unit may each have a first vibration axis for vibration along or about this first vibration axis and a second vibration axis for vibration along or about this second vibration axis, whereby the vibrations along / around two vibration axes of a vibration unit 11 , 12 may be independently adjustable, in particular in respective amplitude and frequency and in their relative phase position.
  • the relative total vibration may have directional components parallel to the current workpiece surface and / or directional components perpendicular to the current workpiece surface.
  • the different components parallel, vertical
  • it can also be an actuator arranged and designed so that it generates vibration components parallel and perpendicular to the current workpiece surface.
  • the direction of one or more or all of the translatory or rotary vibrations can be locally at the point of engagement of the tool on the workpiece parallel to the current
  • the direction of one or more or all of the translational or rotational vibrations may be locally at the point of engagement of the tool on the workpiece but also perpendicular to the current workpiece surface, so that there is a relative movement component chiseling the instantaneous surface.
  • the direction of the vibrations can also be such that locally at the point of engagement of the tool on the workpiece at least one vibrating movement is parallel to the instantaneous workpiece surface, while at least one further relative movement is perpendicular to the instantaneous workpiece surface.
  • instantaneous workpiece surface an area to be understood that lies in or at the current real point of engagement of the tool on the workpiece, or a surface parallel to the central Reg ⁇ tung the vicinity of the point of engagement but (in this case in particular, without taking into account current gradations in the real surface because of the current processing).
  • a graphical user interface can be provided which would be regarded as part of the control / regulation 15. It can either be used to specifically set a workpiece machining, or a machining program can be written.
  • the graphical user interface may present selectable 37 on the workpiece surface possibly also taking into account the impact surface 36 ⁇ simultaneously or in succession a plurality of desired relative movement pattern of an ideal tool center.
  • the illustration may include the display of webs (Lisso's figures) as shown in FIG.
  • the representation of the relative movement can also be specific with respect to the respective workpiece or
  • Workpiece part done It is also possible to set individual parameters of the respective relative movement and then to influence the representation, for example, the orientation of a superimposed translational movement on the workpiece surface, or in the parameters such as the phase position of two vibrations of the same frequency.
  • the first vibration unit can be designed to be capable of vibration along all spatial axes (x, y, z).
  • the second vibration unit 12 may also be designed. It may also be translatable along a spatial axis (vertical axis from the tool to the workpiece to, z-axis) capable of vibration and designed to be rotatable about the same axis corresponding to a drill or to perform a rotational vibration.
  • the vibration operation along the individual axes within a vibration unit or the two vibration units may be synchronous or asynchronous with each other as needed.
  • the actuation of the vibration units 11, 12 can also take place in accordance with the control of the translatory or rotary axes 13, 14 or in accordance with sensor signals thereof. If, for example, a tool moves along a workpiece surface (which can be effected by actuation of a translatory axis), the activation of the vibration units can also change in accordance with the respective progress. The change may relate to frequencies, phase angles, amplitudes or vibration patterns. These dependencies can also be entered or set via a graphical user interface, so that they are stored as part of a machining program or directly for Workpiece machining can be adjusted. Also, the setting of control parameters of the vibration units directly in accordance with machining ⁇ tung can progress to the workpiece to be controllable, or they may be controllable, such as time-dependent.
  • the described features allow the variable setting of machining patterns of a tool on a workpiece surface.
  • the workpiece can be vibrated.
  • the tool can then be held without vibration or only be moved slowly by the displacement axes.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Turning (AREA)
  • Automatic Control Of Machine Tools (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une machine-outil (10) destinée à l'usinage d'une pièce (1) et pourvue d'un outil (2), comprenant un bâti (5), un porte-outil (4) raccordé au bâti, une table porte-pièce (3) raccordée au bâti et une première unité de vibrations (11) pour faire vibrer la table porte-pièce, de préférence, à une fréquence supérieure à 5 kHz ou à 10 kHz.
PCT/EP2011/067827 2010-10-15 2011-10-12 Machine-outil, procédé d'usinage de pièces WO2012049216A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2011800491328A CN103313821A (zh) 2010-10-15 2011-10-12 带有工件台振动单元的机床及工件加工方法
EP11769867.0A EP2627474A2 (fr) 2010-10-15 2011-10-12 Machine-outil de vibration de la pièce et procédé d'usinage de pièces avec unité

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010048636.1A DE102010048636B4 (de) 2010-10-15 2010-10-15 Werkzeugmaschine und Verfahren zur Bearbeitung eines Werkstücks mit einem Werkzeug
DE102010048636.1 2010-10-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012049216A2 true WO2012049216A2 (fr) 2012-04-19
WO2012049216A3 WO2012049216A3 (fr) 2013-05-10

Family

ID=44800037

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2011/067827 WO2012049216A2 (fr) 2010-10-15 2011-10-12 Machine-outil, procédé d'usinage de pièces

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2627474A2 (fr)
CN (1) CN103313821A (fr)
DE (1) DE102010048636B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012049216A2 (fr)

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CN103286446A (zh) * 2013-05-23 2013-09-11 昆山丞麟激光科技有限公司 一种激光加工同步碎屑清除装置及方法

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DE102012219254B4 (de) 2012-10-22 2015-01-29 Sauer Ultrasonic Gmbh Versorgungsschaltung, Versorgungssystem, Werkzeugaktor, Werkzeug
DE102012220353B4 (de) * 2012-11-08 2015-11-26 Sauer Ultrasonic Gmbh Werkzeug, Werkzeugmaschine und Bearbeitungsverfahren
DE102013015404A1 (de) * 2013-09-17 2015-03-19 Konrad Eberl Vibrationsschleifverfahren an Sägeblättern und blechförmigen Werkstücken
CN105014118B (zh) * 2014-04-18 2018-05-04 上海交通大学 用于超声振动辅助加工的振动台装置
DE102015101167A1 (de) 2015-01-27 2016-07-28 Technische Universität Wien Spindelanordnung
CN105499626B (zh) * 2016-01-04 2019-01-15 河南科技学院 一种复合振动钻削装置
DE102016214699A1 (de) * 2016-08-08 2018-02-08 Sauer Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bearbeitung eines Werkstücks an einer numerisch gesteuerten Werkzeugmaschine
DE102016217251A1 (de) 2016-09-09 2018-03-15 Sauer Gmbh Verfahren zum Bearbeiten eines Werkstücks aus Hartmetall für die Herstellung eines Werkzeuggrundkörpers an einer numerisch gesteuerten Werkzeugmaschine mit werkzeugtragender Arbeitsspindel
WO2018191931A1 (fr) * 2017-04-21 2018-10-25 General Electric Company Système et procédé de brunissage de rouleau à ultrasons et procédé d'usinage de composant
CN109108317B (zh) * 2017-06-23 2022-01-18 河南理工大学 适用于cfrp/钛（铝）合金叠层材料的复合振动钻削方法
CN107486582B (zh) * 2017-08-25 2018-11-30 北京航空航天大学 一种适于加工闭式复杂曲面的非圆刀具铣削加工装置
CN109047853B (zh) * 2018-09-28 2019-07-12 盐城工学院 一种深孔机床轴-扭复合激振实验装置
CN109571111B (zh) * 2018-10-23 2020-04-24 北京航空航天大学 超声振动工作台及加工工艺
CN109308047A (zh) * 2018-12-12 2019-02-05 蓝思科技（长沙）有限公司 利用数控机床调控超声波辅助加工的系统及方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102010048636A1 (de) 2012-04-19
DE102010048636B4 (de) 2017-11-16
WO2012049216A3 (fr) 2013-05-10
CN103313821A (zh) 2013-09-18
EP2627474A2 (fr) 2013-08-21

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