WO2012048201A2 - Lubrifiants contenant des nanofibres - Google Patents

Lubrifiants contenant des nanofibres Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012048201A2
WO2012048201A2 PCT/US2011/055228 US2011055228W WO2012048201A2 WO 2012048201 A2 WO2012048201 A2 WO 2012048201A2 US 2011055228 W US2011055228 W US 2011055228W WO 2012048201 A2 WO2012048201 A2 WO 2012048201A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composition
nanofibers
lubricant
fibers
lubricants
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2011/055228
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2012048201A3 (fr
Inventor
Brian Mayers
Joseph Mclellan
Rajeev Kumar
Matthew Stewart
Xinhua Li
Sandip Agarwal
Original Assignee
Nano Terra Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nano Terra Inc. filed Critical Nano Terra Inc.
Publication of WO2012048201A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012048201A2/fr
Publication of WO2012048201A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012048201A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/02—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
    • C10M107/06—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation containing propene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/40—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M107/44—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/024—Propene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/046—Polyamines, i.e. macromoleculars obtained by condensation of more than eleven amine monomers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/055—Particles related characteristics
    • C10N2020/063—Fibrous forms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to nanoflber compositions suitable for use as lubricants and their use.
  • a lubricant is a substance introduced between two moving surfaces to reduce the friction between them.
  • Grease is a semisolid lubricant that possesses a high viscosity that is reduced upon application of shear forces.
  • Lithium-base greases are typically made from a fatty acid, usually 12-hydroxystearic acid, and a lithium base to produce a simple soap that acts as a grease thickener.
  • Other additives such as graphite may be present to give the grease extreme pressure ("EP") properties.
  • EP grease extreme pressure
  • lithium based greases are not useful above 120°C.
  • lithium based grease may promote corrosion.
  • Other known grease additives include WS 2 , MoS 2 , and hexagonal boron nitride. Other additives may serve multiple functions such as thickening and prevention of corrosion, improving thermal conductivity, or imparting electrical conductivity.
  • the invention provides a composition comprising one or more lubricants and one or more nanofibers.
  • the invention also provides an article having a surface disposed thereon the composition of the present invention.
  • the invention also provides a method of reducing friction between two surfaces, comprising disposing the composition of the invention on at least one of the two surfaces that come into contact.
  • the added nanofibers may control rheology, thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity of the lubricant.
  • compositions comprising one or more lubricants and one or more nanofibers.
  • nanofibers fibers having a circular cross section as well as fibers having a non-circular cross section.
  • the circular fibers have an average diameter of less than 1 ⁇ and the non-circular fibers have an average of less than 1 ⁇ across the longest cross section.
  • the fibers may be solid round fibers, hollow round fibers, multi-lobal solid fibers, hollow mulit-lobal fibers, crescent shaped fibers, square shaped fibers, and any combination thereof.
  • the fibers have an average fiber diameter of about 50 nm to about 800 nm, about 100 nm to about 700 nm, or about 200 nm to about 600 nm, or about 300 nm to about 400 nm.
  • about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, or about 90% of the fibers have a diameter of about 800 nm or less.
  • the fibers have a basis weight of 1 to 300 g/M 2 , In other embodiments, the fibers have a basis weight of 5 to 100 g/M 2 , In other embodiments, the fibers have a basis weight of about 9 g/M
  • the nanofibers are meltblown polymer nanofibers.
  • Such meltblown polymer nanofibers may be prepared by extruding molten fiber-forming polymer through the orifices of a die under pressure to form filaments.
  • the extruded polymer may be contacted with air or other fluid to attenuate the filaments into fibers. Selection of appropriate polymer flow rates, die operating temperatures, die orifice sizes, and attenuating airflow rates are chosen to give the desired structure and physical properties.
  • the nanofibers are prepared by the process of electrospinning or melt electrospinning.
  • the nanofibers are individual fibers.
  • the nanofibers are in the form of a non-woven fabric.
  • the process of making the nanofibers can be varied according to the values in the following Table.
  • the polymer is a thermoplastic polymer containing polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, poly(4-methyl-l- pentene), and cyclic olefin copolymers, and combinations of such polymers.
  • polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, poly(4-methyl-l- pentene), and cyclic olefin copolymers, and combinations of such polymers.
  • polymers which may be used include polycarbonates, block copolymers such as styrene- butadiene-styrene and styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymers, poly(styrene co-maleic anhydride), polymethacrylate, polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyamides, polyimides, polylactic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoate, polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene vinyl alcohol, polyacrylates, polyurethanes, polyaniline, polysulfone, polyether sulfone, cellulose acetate, polybenzimidazole, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylchloride, polyvinylidine fluoride, polystyrene, polystyrene sulfonate, polyethylene glycol, cross-linked polyethylene glycol, copolymers thereof, and other polymers that will be familiar to those skilled in the art.
  • the polymer is selected from polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinylchloride, and combinations thereof.
  • the mean molecular weight of the polymer is about 100,000 Da to about 500,000 Da.
  • the polymers can have a narrow molecular weight distribution of about 50,000 Da or less, about 25,000 Da or less, or about 10,000 Da or less.
  • lubricants for use in the preparation of the compositions of the invention include mineral oils, vegetable oils, and synthetic lubricants, optionally containing an emulsifying agent.
  • a common emulsifying agent is a calcium, sodium or lithium salt of a fatty acid.
  • Particular lubricants include petroleum fractions, silicones, polyolefins, esters, and fluorocarbons (e.g., fiuoropolymers containing ether linkages).
  • synthetic lubricants include "polyol esters” and include compounds formed from monobasic fatty acids and polyhydric alcohols having a "neopentyl" structure.
  • Representative alcohols useful for forming synthetic ester lubricants include neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol. See U.S. Pat. 7,307,049. These alcohols are reacted to form esters with fatty acids generally having from about five to about twelve carbon atoms including: valeric, isopentanoic, hexanoic, heptanoic, octanoic, isooctanoic, 2-ethylhexanoic, pelargonic, isononanoic, decanoic and dodecanoic.
  • the alcohols listed above generally have no beta-hydrogens and differ primarily in the number of hydroxyl groups available to form esters. See U.S. Pat. 7,307,049.
  • the properties of the polyol ester formed can be "designed" to provide a particular viscosity range, pour point, flash point and volatility as required for particular applications.
  • Lower molecular weight acids, e.g., valeric, isopentanoic, etc. generally are used when flowability at low temperatures is important. Properties such as oxidative stability and resistance to hydrolysis may be enhanced by incorporation of acids having branching. See U.S. Pat. 7,307,049.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,440,657 discloses many simple esters, diesters and polyol esters suitable for use as lubricants.
  • Other polar liquids can also be used as lubricants, including water, alcohols, glycols, polyglycols, and ionic liquids.
  • Grease is a solid or semisolid lubricant.
  • a semisolid lubricant or grease according to the present invention may be prepared by addition of nanofibers to a lubricant in an amount sufficient to result in a semisolid composition.
  • Useful amounts of nanofibers are about 0.1 to 0.002 grams per gram of lubricant. In some embodiments the useful amount of nanofibers could be 0.0001 grams per gram of lubricant or less when used in combination with other additives.
  • compositions of the present invention may also comprise other conventional lubricating composition components such as antioxidants including aryl amines, thickeners, metal passivators such as phosphate esters, fluoropolymers such as Teflon®, solid lubricants such as graphite and molybdenum disulfide, copper, and thickeners such as tar, graphite and mica.
  • antioxidants including aryl amines, thickeners, metal passivators such as phosphate esters, fluoropolymers such as Teflon®, solid lubricants such as graphite and molybdenum disulfide, copper, and thickeners such as tar, graphite and mica.
  • the present invention also provides an article having a surface one which the composition of the present invention is disposed.
  • the surface may be flat, round, cylindrical or other geometrical shape.
  • the surface has a constant roughness.
  • the surface has a varying roughness.
  • the surface is the surface of a ball bearing.
  • the present invention also provides a method of reducing friction between two surfaces, comprising disposing the composition of the present invention on at least one of the two surfaces that may come into contact.
  • compositions of the invention are useful as lubricants and greases.
  • the compositions are useful as sealants, protectants, thermal insulators and electrical insulators.
  • sealants protectants
  • thermal insulators thermal insulators
  • electrical insulators For example the application of a thin layer of these compositions in slip connections, such as ground glass joints, can ensure that a proper seal is obtained.
  • the compositions may be formulated such that when they are applied to certain surface they will provide a protecting layer. In some embodiments this protective layer protects the surface from contamination (e.g. water, dirt, grit, dust, oil, or air/gas), such contamination may lead to corrosion, increased wear, infection, deterioration, or oxidation of the surface to be protected.
  • the compositions described herein can provide an electrically or thermal insulating barrier on a surface.
  • Example 1 0.5 grams non-woven fabric comprised of meltblown polypropylene nanofibers with basis weight of 8.64 grams per square meter, was combined with an excess of dodecane and allowed to absorb the liquid. After about 5 minutes the excess liquid dodecane was poured away and the mass of the wet fabric was found to be 20.3 grams, showing an absorbance capacity of >40x (wet to dry weight ratio).
  • Example 2 1.0 gram of meltblown polypropylene nanofibers, as described in
  • Example 1 were combined with an 85 grams of Castrol oil (Castrol SP 100).
  • the fibers rapidly absorbed all of the oil and formed a stiff continuous gel. The gel could be removed from its container without any liquid draining.
  • Example 3 1.0 gram of meltblown nanofibers as described in Example 1 were mixed 100 grams of Castrol SP 100 and allowed to absorb the oil. The mixture formed a continuous gel within 5 min. The gel in this mixture was not as stiff as in Example 2, demonstrating that the nanofibers could be used to modify the viscosity of the oil. If the gel was removed from its container liquid oil would slowly drip from the gel.
  • Polyaniline nanofibers will be fabricated by interfacial polymerization according to literature methods (see for example: Huang, J.; Kaner, R. B. J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 2004, 126, 851-855).
  • the polyaniline nanofibers will be purified by filtration and rinsing and then added to the added to the oil in various quantities to control the rheology and impart electrical and thermal conductivity.
  • Nanofibers or nanofiber fabrics will be incorporated in bearing seals to impart increased lubricity, lubricant retention, and texture at nano or micro scales in the region of the interface between the seal and shaft.
  • the nanofibers or nanofiber fabric will, in some embodiments be embedded in the seal material; in other embodiments the nanofibers or nanofiber fabric will be applied to the surface of the seal.
  • Hypothetical Example 3 Bulk nanofibers or nanofiber fabrics will be incorporated in bearing seal configuration to impart increased lubricity, lubricant retention/extended lubricant release, and protection of the system from contamination. In some embodiments the bulk nanofiber materials are inserted between the bearing and seal and saturated with an appropriate lubricant.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une composition comprenant un ou plusieurs lubrifiants et une ou plusieurs nanofibres. L'invention concerne aussi un article ayant une surface sur laquelle la composition de l'invention est disposée. L'invention concerne aussi un procédé de réduction des frictions entre deux surfaces, comprenant la disposition de la composition de l'invention sur au moins une des deux surfaces qui viennent en contact.
PCT/US2011/055228 2010-10-08 2011-10-07 Lubrifiants contenant des nanofibres WO2012048201A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US39138610P 2010-10-08 2010-10-08
US61/391,386 2010-10-08
US39458110P 2010-10-19 2010-10-19
US61/394,581 2010-10-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012048201A2 true WO2012048201A2 (fr) 2012-04-12
WO2012048201A3 WO2012048201A3 (fr) 2012-06-28

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2011/055228 WO2012048201A2 (fr) 2010-10-08 2011-10-07 Lubrifiants contenant des nanofibres

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2012048201A2 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050108926A1 (en) * 2000-03-17 2005-05-26 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Fuels and lubricants containing carbon nanotubes
US20060137318A1 (en) * 2004-12-28 2006-06-29 Lim Hyun S Filtration media for filtering particulate material from gas streams
US20090298725A1 (en) * 2002-05-30 2009-12-03 Zhiqiang Zhang Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with graphite nanoparticles and carbon nanotube

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050108926A1 (en) * 2000-03-17 2005-05-26 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Fuels and lubricants containing carbon nanotubes
US20090298725A1 (en) * 2002-05-30 2009-12-03 Zhiqiang Zhang Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with graphite nanoparticles and carbon nanotube
US20060137318A1 (en) * 2004-12-28 2006-06-29 Lim Hyun S Filtration media for filtering particulate material from gas streams

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2012048201A3 (fr) 2012-06-28

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