WO2012042089A1 - Switched power supply intended to function in interlace mode - Google Patents

Switched power supply intended to function in interlace mode Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012042089A1
WO2012042089A1 PCT/ES2011/070681 ES2011070681W WO2012042089A1 WO 2012042089 A1 WO2012042089 A1 WO 2012042089A1 ES 2011070681 W ES2011070681 W ES 2011070681W WO 2012042089 A1 WO2012042089 A1 WO 2012042089A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
resistance
converter
intensity
image
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2011/070681
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Angel Cid Pastor
Roberto GIRAL CASTILLÓN
Javier Calvente Calvo
Luis MARTÍNEZ SALAMERO
Vadim Ivanovich Utkin
Original Assignee
Universitat Rovira I Virgili
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Application filed by Universitat Rovira I Virgili filed Critical Universitat Rovira I Virgili
Publication of WO2012042089A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012042089A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1584—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
    • H02J1/102—Parallel operation of dc sources being switching converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K4/00—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions
    • H03K4/06—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1584—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
    • H02M3/1586—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel switched with a phase shift, i.e. interleaved

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a switched power supply intended to operate in interlaced mode, or interleaving, which minimizes the need for auxiliary control circuits.
  • Switched power supplies with a plurality of DC-DC converters arranged in parallel and each provided with a controlled switch are known.
  • the temporal evolution of the intensity supplied by each converter is a succession of positive slope sections, associated with closing periods of the controlled switches, and negative slope sections, associated with opening periods of the switches controlled.
  • each converter is controlled as a function of a signal generated by the adjacent converter and The first is controlled by a signal generated by the last converter.
  • interleaving which consists in controlling the gap between the currents supplied by the different converters, so that harmonic cancellation is achieved.
  • interleaving consists in controlling the gap between the currents supplied by the different converters, so that harmonic cancellation is achieved.
  • its object has an integrator and a flip-flop to generate the ramps necessary for its operation, or a PLD.
  • WO 2005006526 Al describes a device with the characteristics of the preamble of the first claim of the present application.
  • the present invention proposes a switching power supply specially designed to operate in interlaced mode, comprising:
  • each converter being a succession of positive slope sections, associated with closing periods of the controlled switches, and negative slope sections, associated with opening periods of the controlled switches;
  • each converter In which the switching state of each converter is controlled as a function of a signal generated by the adjacent converter and in which the first it is controlled by a signal generated by the last converter, so that the converters are arranged in a ring configuration;
  • the means for establishing the maximum and minimum intensities comprise two blocks in series, the first being a voltage follower of the average of a reference intensity and the filtered intensity of the adjacent converter and the second block a voltage divider that has as input the output of the first block and as output said maximum and minimum intensities.
  • the object of the invention dispenses with the aforementioned block 100 and instead of the four cables and the four inputs 121, 122, 123, 124, it only needs a connection cable plus an earthing at both the entrance and the exit.
  • the voltage follower is an operational amplifier with one of its inputs connected to its output, its other input being constituted by three branches in parallel, a first branch connected with interposition of a first resistance to a voltage image of said intensity of said reference, a second branch connected with interposition of a second resistance to an image voltage of said filtered intensity of the adjacent converter and a third branch connected to ground with interposition of a capacity, which allows obtaining said filtered intensity.
  • the second branch further comprises between the second resistance and the image voltage of said filtered intensity a second capacity, so that a band-pass filter is configured.
  • the voltage follower is an operational amplifier with one of its inputs connected to its output, its other input being constituted by two branches in parallel, a first branch connected with interposition of a first resistance to a voltage image of said intensity of reference, a second branch consisting of a third resistor, a voltage follower and a second resistance to a voltage image of said filtered intensity of the adjacent converter and comprising a grounded bypass with interposition of a capacity, which allows obtaining said intensity filtered.
  • the divisor comprises in the following order:
  • Figure 1 is an electrical diagram of the device of the invention provided with two converters.
  • Figure 2 is an electrical diagram of a preferred embodiment of the means for generating the imin and imax signals.
  • Figure 3 is a control scheme of the device of the invention.
  • Figures 4 and 5 are two optional embodiments of the follower block. DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
  • each converter C ⁇ being a succession of positive slope sections, associated with closing periods of the controlled switches Ii, and negative slope sections, associated with opening periods of the controlled switches Ii;
  • the switching state of each converter C. is controlled as a function of a signal generated by the adjacent converter C i + 1 and in which the first C 1 is controlled by a signal generated by the last converter C n , of so that the C ⁇ converters are arranged in a ring configuration.
  • the present invention is characterized by the fact that the means for establishing the maximum intensities Imax i and minimum Imin ⁇ comprise two blocks in series, the first being a voltage follower of the average of an IREF reference intensity and the filtered intensity of the adjacent converter C i + 1 and the second block being a voltage divider whose input is the output of the first block and as output said maximum intensities Imax i and minimum Imin ..
  • the voltage follower is an operational amplifier (OA) with one of its inputs connected to its output, its other input being constituted. by three branches in parallel, a first branch connected with interposition of a first resistance to a voltage image of said IREF reference intensity, a second branch connected with interposition of a second resistance to a voltage image of said filtered intensity of the adjacent converter C i + 1 and a third branch connected to ground with interposition of a capacity, which allows obtaining said filtered intensity
  • OA operational amplifier
  • the average value V (i n + i,) / 2 is obtained at the positive input of the operational amplifier, that is, the sum is made with a scale factor of 1 ⁇ 2.
  • the capacitor provides the necessary low-pass filtering effect so that the signals of the current setpoints are undone.
  • the mentioned filter is modeled, as can be seen in Figure 3, as a filter (l / (ts + l)), and its function is to guarantee the "interleaving" between the currents of each converter.
  • this filter has been implemented as a simple circuit with a capacitor.
  • the time constant is determined by the capacitor CF (220pF in figure 2) and the RF resistors (33k « in figure 2), so that:
  • the capacitor value will be chosen based on the chosen resistors and other device parameters, such as the number of converters connected in a ring to operate in interleaving mode.
  • the claimed device may operate with correct average values.
  • the second branch further comprises between the second resistance and the image voltage of said filtered intensity a second capacity (in this case 330nF ), so that a passband filter is configured.
  • a second capacity in this case 330nF
  • the voltage follower is an operational amplifier with one of its inputs connected to its output, its other input being constituted by two parallel branches, a first branch connected with interposition of a first resistance to an image voltage of said reference intensity IREF, and a second branch consisting of a third resistance, a voltage follower (OA with an input connected to its output) and a second resistance to an image voltage of said filtered intensity of the converter adjacent C i + 1 and comprising a grounded bypass with interposition of a capacity (here again of 220 pF), which allows to obtain said filtered intensity
  • the divisor can understand in the following order
  • the third terminal being free resistance connected to a higher potential (in this case 15V), the terminal being free of the fourth resistance connected to a lower potential, the connection point of the two diodes being connected to the output of the first block, the voltage at the connection point between the third resistance and the downstream diode image of the maximum intensity Imaxi and the voltage being at the connection point between the fourth resistance and the upstream diode image of the minimum intensity Imini.
  • the second block of resistors and diodes has the function of polarizing the diodes and adding and / or subtracting an offset value from the average current value corresponding to the direct voltage drop of the diodes V D.
  • the ideal comparator shown in Figure 3 corresponds to a hysteresis comparator like that in Figure 4, where D and -D correspond respectively to VD and a - VD.
  • Another of its functions is to move the center of the hysteresis with a suitable voltage point to avoid using a bipolar supply of +/- 15 V, so that with a +15 V it is sufficient.
  • the invention could, under certain circumstances, prevent the inclusion of a capacity to produce the delay.
  • Switching delays are inherent in the implementation of the device and are added to the effect of the low pass filter. Therefore, in optimized versions, the controlled switches and other components could be selected in order to dispense with the capabilities.
  • Vg is the input voltage
  • R is the load resistance of the current reference
  • n the number of phases, said current reference being the value:
  • the invention solves the problem of phase shifting between n power converters connected in parallel, which makes it possible to reduce the complexity of the control circuit, cost and energy consumption.
  • VRM multiphase voltage regulator modules
  • VRM load side converters
  • Integrated switching sources in general, Power sources for microsystems such as sensors and actuators, photovoltaic or low-power fuel cell systems, among others.
  • the main advantage of the invention is the simplicity of the control circuit, which requires neither hardware nor external signals to synchronize the source signals with the mismatches between the n converters required to operate in interleaving mode.
  • microelectronic implementation of the invention will require a minimum integration surface, and therefore its cost, compared to existing products.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a switched power supply (1) intended to function in interlace mode, that includes CC-CC converters (Ci) in parallel, each one provided with a controlled switch (Ii), in which the switched state of each converter (Ci) is controlled as a function of a signal generated by the adjacent converter (Ci+1) and in which the first (C1) is controlled by a signal generated by the last converter (Cn), such that the converters (Ci) are arranged in a ring configuration, characterized in that it includes a means for establishing the maximum intensities (Imaxi) and minimum intensities (Imini) that determine the change from closed to open and from open to closed for the controlled switches (Ii) of each converter (Ci) as a function of the signal generated by the adjacent converter (Ci+1), such that the device can operate in interlace mode.

Description

FUENTE DE ALIMENTACIÓN CONMUTADA CONCEBIDA PARA FUNCIONAR SWITCHED POWER SUPPLY CONCEPTED TO OPERATE
EN MODO ENTRELAZADO IN INTERRUPTED MODE
La presente invención se refiere a una fuente de alimentación conmutada destinada a funcionar en modo entrelazado, o interleaving, que reduce al mínimo la necesidad de circuitos auxiliares de control. The present invention relates to a switched power supply intended to operate in interlaced mode, or interleaving, which minimizes the need for auxiliary control circuits.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Son conocidas las fuentes de alimentación conmutadas provistas de una pluralidad de convertidores CC-CC dispuestos en paralelo y provistos cada uno de un interruptor controlado. Switched power supplies with a plurality of DC-DC converters arranged in parallel and each provided with a controlled switch are known.
En un tipo de fuente conocida, la evolución temporal de la intensidad suministrada por cada convertidor es una sucesión de tramos de pendiente positiva, asociados a periodos de cierre de los interruptores controlados, y tramos de pendiente negativa, asociados a periodos de abertura de los interruptores controlados .  In a known type of source, the temporal evolution of the intensity supplied by each converter is a succession of positive slope sections, associated with closing periods of the controlled switches, and negative slope sections, associated with opening periods of the switches controlled.
Según una disposición particular de estas fuentes, conocida como configuración de anillo y descrita por ejemplo en la solicitud de Van Der Wal y otros US2009/0067199, el estado de conmutación de cada convertidor está controlado en función de una señal generada por el convertidor adyacente y el primero está controlado por una señal generada por el último convertidor .  According to a particular arrangement of these sources, known as a ring configuration and described for example in the application of Van Der Wal et al. US2009 / 0067199, the switching state of each converter is controlled as a function of a signal generated by the adjacent converter and The first is controlled by a signal generated by the last converter.
Las fuentes con estas características están especialmente concebidas para operar en modo entrelazado, conocido más generalmente como "interleaving", el cual consiste en controlar el desfase entre las corrientes suministradas por los diferentes convertidores, de modo que se logra la cancelación de harmónicos. Como puede comprobarse en la curva 231 de la figura 11 de la mencionada solicitud, su objeto dispone de un integrador y un biestable para generar las rampas necesarias para su funcionamiento, o bien un PLD. The sources with these characteristics are specially designed to operate in interlaced mode, more generally known as "interleaving", which consists in controlling the gap between the currents supplied by the different converters, so that harmonic cancellation is achieved. As can be seen in curve 231 of Figure 11 of the aforementioned application, its object has an integrator and a flip-flop to generate the ramps necessary for its operation, or a PLD.
Además, precisa de cuatro conexiones, que implican cuatro cables de tierra y cuatro tomas de tierra.  In addition, it requires four connections, which involve four ground wires and four grounding points.
Todos estos elementos, agrupados en el bloque 100 de la mencionada solicitud, implican una circuiteria adicional, con la complejidad, posibilidad de fallo y aumento del consumo que ello supone.  All these elements, grouped in block 100 of the aforementioned application, imply an additional circuitry, with the complexity, possibility of failure and increased consumption that this implies.
WO 2005006526 Al describe un dispositivo con las características del preámbulo de la primera reivindicación de la presente solicitud.  WO 2005006526 Al describes a device with the characteristics of the preamble of the first claim of the present application.
Por ello, los inventores del objeto de la presente solicitud consideran necesario disponer de una fuente conmutada que dé solución a los inconvenientes de la técnica mencionados.  Therefore, the inventors of the object of the present application consider it necessary to have a switched source that provides a solution to the aforementioned problems of the art.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Para ello, la presente invención propone una fuente de alimentación conmutada especialmente concebida para funcionar en modo entrelazado, que comprende: For this, the present invention proposes a switching power supply specially designed to operate in interlaced mode, comprising:
- Una pluralidad de convertidores CC-CC dispuestos en paralelo provistos cada uno de un interruptor controlado ;  - A plurality of DC-DC converters arranged in parallel each provided with a controlled switch;
- siendo la evolución temporal de la intensidad suministrada por cada convertidor una sucesión de tramos de pendiente positiva, asociados a periodos de cierre de los interruptores controlados, y tramos de pendiente negativa, asociados a periodos de abertura de los interruptores controlados;  - the temporal evolution of the intensity supplied by each converter being a succession of positive slope sections, associated with closing periods of the controlled switches, and negative slope sections, associated with opening periods of the controlled switches;
En el que el estado de conmutación de cada convertidor está controlado en función de una señal generada por el convertidor adyacente y en el que el primero está controlado por una señal generada por el último convertidor, de modo que los convertidores están dispuestos en una configuración de anillo; In which the switching state of each converter is controlled as a function of a signal generated by the adjacent converter and in which the first it is controlled by a signal generated by the last converter, so that the converters are arranged in a ring configuration;
que comprende medios para establecer las intensidades máximas y mínimas que determinan el paso del estado de cierre a abertura y de abertura a cierre respectivamente de los interruptores controlados de cada convertidor en función de la señal generada por el convertidor adyacente, de modo que puede funcionar en modo entrelazado, caracterizada por el hecho de que los medios para establecer las intensidades máximas y mínimas comprenden dos bloques en serie, siendo el primero de ellos un seguidor de tensión del promedio de una intensidad de referencia y la intensidad filtrada del convertidor adyacente y siendo el segundo bloque un divisor de tensión que tiene como entrada la salida del primer bloque y como salida dichas intensidades máximas y mínimas .  comprising means for establishing the maximum and minimum intensities that determine the passage from the state of closing to opening and opening to closing respectively of the controlled switches of each converter depending on the signal generated by the adjacent converter, so that it can operate in interlaced mode, characterized by the fact that the means for establishing the maximum and minimum intensities comprise two blocks in series, the first being a voltage follower of the average of a reference intensity and the filtered intensity of the adjacent converter and the second block a voltage divider that has as input the output of the first block and as output said maximum and minimum intensities.
Esta realimentación entre convertidores sucesivos permiten superar los inconvenientes antes mencionados porque no necesita ninguna unidad de control adicional, sino tan solo los circuitos mencionados que permiten establecer las intensidades máximas y mínimas mencionadas.  This feedback between successive converters allows to overcome the aforementioned inconveniences because it does not need any additional control unit, but only the mentioned circuits that allow to establish the maximum and minimum intensities mentioned.
Concretamente el objeto de la invención prescinde del bloque 100 mencionado y en lugar de los cuatro cables y las cuatro entradas 121, 122, 123 ,124, solamente necesita un cable de conexión más una toma de tierra tanto en la entrada como en la salida.  Specifically, the object of the invention dispenses with the aforementioned block 100 and instead of the four cables and the four inputs 121, 122, 123, 124, it only needs a connection cable plus an earthing at both the entrance and the exit.
Venta osamente, el seguidor de tensión es un amplificador operacional con una de sus entradas conectada a su salida, estando constituida su otra entrada por tres ramas en paralelo, una primera rama conectada con interposición de una primera resistencia a una tensión imagen de dicha intensidad de referencia, una segunda rama conectada con interposición de una segunda resistencia a una tensión imagen de dicha intensidad filtrada del convertidor adyacente y una tercera rama conectada a tierra con interposición de una capacidad, que permite obtener dicha intensidad filtrada. Advantageously, the voltage follower is an operational amplifier with one of its inputs connected to its output, its other input being constituted by three branches in parallel, a first branch connected with interposition of a first resistance to a voltage image of said intensity of said reference, a second branch connected with interposition of a second resistance to an image voltage of said filtered intensity of the adjacent converter and a third branch connected to ground with interposition of a capacity, which allows obtaining said filtered intensity.
Más preferentemente, la segunda rama comprende además entre la segunda resistencia y la tensión imagen de dicha intensidad filtrada una segunda capacidad, de modo que se configura un filtro pasa-banda.  More preferably, the second branch further comprises between the second resistance and the image voltage of said filtered intensity a second capacity, so that a band-pass filter is configured.
Más venta osamente, el seguidor de tensión es un amplificador operacional con una de sus entradas conectada a su salida, estando constituida su otra entrada por dos ramas en paralelo, una primera rama conectada con interposición de una primera resistencia a una tensión imagen de dicha intensidad de referencia, una segunda rama constituida por una tercera resistencia, un seguidor de tensión y una segunda resistencia a una tensión imagen de dicha intensidad filtrada del convertidor adyacente y que comprende una derivación conectada a tierra con interposición de una capacidad, que permite obtener dicha intensidad filtrada.  More advantageously, the voltage follower is an operational amplifier with one of its inputs connected to its output, its other input being constituted by two branches in parallel, a first branch connected with interposition of a first resistance to a voltage image of said intensity of reference, a second branch consisting of a third resistor, a voltage follower and a second resistance to a voltage image of said filtered intensity of the adjacent converter and comprising a grounded bypass with interposition of a capacity, which allows obtaining said intensity filtered.
Finalmente, el divisor comprende en el siguiente orden :  Finally, the divisor comprises in the following order:
Una tercera resistencia;  A third resistance;
Dos diodos;  Two diodes;
- Una cuarta resistencia;  - A fourth resistance;
Estando el terminal libre de la tercera resistencia conectado a un potencial superior, estando el terminal libre de la cuarta resistencia conectado a un potencial inferior, estando el punto de conexión de los dos diodos conectado a la salida del primer bloque, siendo la tensión en el punto de conexión entre la tercera resistencia y el diodo aguas abajo imagen de la intensidad máxima y siendo la tensión en el punto de conexión entre la cuarta resistencia y el diodo aguas arriba imagen de la intensidad mínimas. BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOS The free terminal of the third resistor being connected to a higher potential, the free terminal of the fourth resistor being connected to a lower potential, the connection point of the two diodes being connected to the output of the first block, the voltage at the connection point between the third resistance and the downstream diode image of the maximum intensity and the voltage being at the connection point between the fourth resistance and the upstream diode image of the minimum intensity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Para mejor comprensión de cuanto se ha expuesto se acompañan unos dibujos en los que, esquemáticamente y tan sólo a titulo de ejemplo no limitativo, se representa un caso práctico de realización. To better understand how much has been exposed, some drawings are attached in which, schematically and only by way of non-limiting example, a practical case of realization is represented.
La figura 1 es un esquema eléctrico del dispositivo de la invención provisto de dos convertidores.  Figure 1 is an electrical diagram of the device of the invention provided with two converters.
La figura 2 es un esquema eléctrico de una realización preferida de los medios de generación de las señales imin e imax .  Figure 2 is an electrical diagram of a preferred embodiment of the means for generating the imin and imax signals.
La figura 3 es un esquema de control del dispositivo de la invención.  Figure 3 is a control scheme of the device of the invention.
Las figuras 4 y 5 son dos realizaciones opcionales del bloque seguidor. DESCRIPCIÓN DE UNA REALIZACIÓN PREFERIDA  Figures 4 and 5 are two optional embodiments of the follower block. DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Tal como se ilustra en la figura 1, donde se representa un ejemplo con únicamente dos convertidores, es decir en el que i=l por lo que i+l=2, la invención se refiere a una fuente de alimentación conmutada 1, que comprende : As illustrated in Figure 1, where an example with only two converters is represented, that is to say in which i = l whereby i + l = 2, the invention relates to a switching power supply 1, comprising :
Una pluralidad de convertidores CC-CC C± dispuestos en paralelo provistos cada uno de un interruptor controlado Ii; A plurality of DC-C converters C ± arranged in parallel each provided with a controlled switch Ii;
- siendo la evolución temporal de la intensidad suministrada por cada convertidor C± una sucesión de tramos de pendiente positiva, asociados a periodos de cierre de los interruptores controlados Ii, y tramos de pendiente negativa, asociados a periodos de abertura de los interruptores controlados Ii; En el que el estado de conmutación de cada convertidor C. está controlado en función de una señal generada por el convertidor adyacente Ci+1 y en el que el primero C1 está controlado por una señal generada por el último convertidor Cn, de modo que los convertidores C± están dispuestos en una configuración de anillo. - the temporal evolution of the intensity supplied by each converter C ± being a succession of positive slope sections, associated with closing periods of the controlled switches Ii, and negative slope sections, associated with opening periods of the controlled switches Ii; In which the switching state of each converter C. is controlled as a function of a signal generated by the adjacent converter C i + 1 and in which the first C 1 is controlled by a signal generated by the last converter C n , of so that the C ± converters are arranged in a ring configuration.
que comprende medios para establecer las intensidades máximas Imaxi y mínimas Imini que determinan el paso del estado de cierre a abertura y de abertura a cierre respectivamente de los interruptores controlados Ii de cada convertidor C± en función de la señal generada por el convertidor adyacente Ci+1. comprising means for establishing the maximum intensities Imax i and minimum Imin i that determine the passage of the state of closing to opening and opening to closing respectively of the controlled switches Ii of each converter C ± depending on the signal generated by the adjacent converter C i + 1 .
En la figura, limitada a dos convertidores, estas corrientes aparecen como Imaxl e Iminl para el primer convertidor e Imax2 e Imin2 para el segundo. Las características mencionadas son conocidas por ejemplo del documento US2009/0067199.  In the figure, limited to two converters, these currents appear as Imaxl and Iminl for the first converter and Imax2 and Imin2 for the second. The mentioned characteristics are known for example from document US2009 / 0067199.
Sin embargo, la presente invención se caracteriza por el hecho de que los medios para establecer las intensidades máximas Imaxi y mínimas Imin± comprenden dos bloques en serie, siendo el primero de ellos un seguidor de tensión del promedio de una intensidad de referencia IREF y la intensidad filtrada del convertidor adyacente Ci+1 y siendo el segundo bloque un divisor de tensión que tiene como entrada la salida del primer bloque y como salida dichas intensidades máximas Imaxi y mínimas Imin.. However, the present invention is characterized by the fact that the means for establishing the maximum intensities Imax i and minimum Imin ± comprise two blocks in series, the first being a voltage follower of the average of an IREF reference intensity and the filtered intensity of the adjacent converter C i + 1 and the second block being a voltage divider whose input is the output of the first block and as output said maximum intensities Imax i and minimum Imin ..
Según una primera realización preferida de la invención, de la cual se ilustran dichos bloques primero y segundo en la figura 2, el seguidor de tensión es un amplificador operacional (O. A.) con una de sus entradas conectada a su salida, estando constituida su otra entrada por tres ramas en paralelo, una primera rama conectada con interposición de una primera resistencia a una tensión imagen de dicha intensidad de referencia IREF, una segunda rama conectada con interposición de una segunda resistencia a una tensión imagen de dicha intensidad filtrada del convertidor adyacente Ci+1 y una tercera rama conectada a tierra con interposición de una capacidad, que permite obtener dicha intensidad filtrada According to a first preferred embodiment of the invention, of which said first and second blocks are illustrated in Figure 2, the voltage follower is an operational amplifier (OA) with one of its inputs connected to its output, its other input being constituted. by three branches in parallel, a first branch connected with interposition of a first resistance to a voltage image of said IREF reference intensity, a second branch connected with interposition of a second resistance to a voltage image of said filtered intensity of the adjacent converter C i + 1 and a third branch connected to ground with interposition of a capacity, which allows obtaining said filtered intensity
Por lo tanto, con esta disposición, en la entrada positiva del amplificador operacional se obtiene el valor medio V =(in +i,)/2, es decir que se realiza la suma con un factor de escala de ½. Therefore, with this arrangement, the average value V = (i n + i,) / 2 is obtained at the positive input of the operational amplifier, that is, the sum is made with a scale factor of ½.
Por lo tanto, el condensador aporta el efecto de filtrado pasa-bajos necesario para que se deshagan las señales de las consignas de corriente.  Therefore, the capacitor provides the necessary low-pass filtering effect so that the signals of the current setpoints are undone.
El mencionado filtro se modeliza, tal como se aprecia en la figura 3, como un filtro (l/(ts+l)), y su función es la de garantizar el "interleaving" entre las corrientes de cada convertidor.  The mentioned filter is modeled, as can be seen in Figure 3, as a filter (l / (ts + l)), and its function is to guarantee the "interleaving" between the currents of each converter.
En el caso ilustrado, este filtro se ha implementado como un circuito sencillo con un condensador. La constante de tiempo queda determinada por el condensador CF (220pF en la figura 2) y las resistencias RF (33k« en la figura 2), de modo que: In the case illustrated, this filter has been implemented as a simple circuit with a capacitor. The time constant is determined by the capacitor CF (220pF in figure 2) and the RF resistors (33k « in figure 2), so that:
•F = CF-RF/2 • F = CF-RF / 2
El valor del condensador se escogerá en función de las resistencias escogidas y otros parámetros del dispositivo, como por ejemplo el número de convertidores conectados en anillo para funcionar en modo interleaving. The capacitor value will be chosen based on the chosen resistors and other device parameters, such as the number of converters connected in a ring to operate in interleaving mode.
Experimentalmente se ha comprobado que un condensador de 220 pF se adapta especialmente bien para dos, tres o cuatro fases.  Experimentally it has been proven that a 220 pF capacitor is especially well suited for two, three or four phases.
En el caso de más fases, seria necesaria una capacidad menor. Cuantas más fases se introduzcan, es decir más convertidores, menos retraso se necesita para que las fases se dispongan en configuración de ínterleaving. In the case of more phases, a smaller capacity would be necessary. The more phases that are introduced, ie more converters, the less delay is needed to that the phases are arranged in interleaving configuration.
Si no se dispone condensador en la entrada al amplificador, entonces el dispositivo reivindicado podrá funcionar con valores medios correctos.  If no capacitor is available at the input to the amplifier, then the claimed device may operate with correct average values.
Sin embargo, los rizados de tensión y de corriente serán mayores porque no se logrará una cancelación de harmónicos óptima.  However, the voltage and current curls will be greater because optimal harmonic cancellation will not be achieved.
Según una segunda realización preferida de la fuente de la invención, cuyos bloques primero y segundo se ilustran en la figura 4, la segunda rama comprende además entre la segunda resistencia y la tensión imagen de dicha intensidad filtrada una segunda capacidad (en este caso de 330nF) , de modo que se configura un filtro pasa- banda.  According to a second preferred embodiment of the source of the invention, whose first and second blocks are illustrated in Figure 4, the second branch further comprises between the second resistance and the image voltage of said filtered intensity a second capacity (in this case 330nF ), so that a passband filter is configured.
Según una tercera realización preferida, ilustrada en la figura 5, el seguidor de tensión es un amplificador operacional con una de sus entradas conectada a su salida, estando constituida su otra entrada por dos ramas en paralelo, una primera rama conectada con interposición de una primera resistencia a una tensión imagen de dicha intensidad de referencia IREF, y una segunda rama constituida por una tercera resistencia, un seguidor de tensión (O. A. con una entrada conectada a su salida) y una segunda resistencia a una tensión imagen de dicha intensidad filtrada del convertidor adyacente Ci+1 y que comprende una derivación conectada a tierra con interposición de una capacidad (aquí de nuevo de 220 pF) , que permite obtener dicha intensidad filtrada According to a third preferred embodiment, illustrated in Figure 5, the voltage follower is an operational amplifier with one of its inputs connected to its output, its other input being constituted by two parallel branches, a first branch connected with interposition of a first resistance to an image voltage of said reference intensity IREF, and a second branch consisting of a third resistance, a voltage follower (OA with an input connected to its output) and a second resistance to an image voltage of said filtered intensity of the converter adjacent C i + 1 and comprising a grounded bypass with interposition of a capacity (here again of 220 pF), which allows to obtain said filtered intensity
El divisor puede comprender en el siguiente orden The divisor can understand in the following order
(ver figuras 2, 4 y 5) : (see figures 2, 4 and 5):
Una tercera resistencia;  A third resistance;
Dos diodos (D) ;  Two diodes (D);
Una cuarta resistencia;  A fourth resistance;
Estando el terminal libre de la tercera resistencia conectado a un potencial superior (en este caso de 15V) , estando el terminal libre de la cuarta resistencia conectado a un potencial inferior, estando el punto de conexión de los dos diodos conectado a la salida del primer bloque, siendo la tensión en el punto de conexión entre la tercera resistencia y el diodo aguas abajo imagen de la intensidad máxima Imaxi y siendo la tensión en el punto de conexión entre la cuarta resistencia y el diodo aguas arriba imagen de la intensidad mínimas Imini. The third terminal being free resistance connected to a higher potential (in this case 15V), the terminal being free of the fourth resistance connected to a lower potential, the connection point of the two diodes being connected to the output of the first block, the voltage at the connection point between the third resistance and the downstream diode image of the maximum intensity Imaxi and the voltage being at the connection point between the fourth resistance and the upstream diode image of the minimum intensity Imini.
El segundo bloque de resistencias y diodos tiene como función la de polarizar los diodos y sumar y/o restar al valor medio de la corriente un valor de offset que corresponde a la caída de tensión directa de los diodos VD. The second block of resistors and diodes has the function of polarizing the diodes and adding and / or subtracting an offset value from the average current value corresponding to the direct voltage drop of the diodes V D.
El comparador ideal representado en la figura 3 corresponde a un comparador con histéresis como el de la figura 4, donde D y -D corresponden respectivamente a VD y a - VD.  The ideal comparator shown in Figure 3 corresponds to a hysteresis comparator like that in Figure 4, where D and -D correspond respectively to VD and a - VD.
Además, otra de sus funciones es la de desplazar el centro de la histéresis con un punto de tensión adecuado para evitar utilizar una alimentación bipolar de +/-15 V, de modo que con una de +15 V ya es suficiente.  In addition, another of its functions is to move the center of the hysteresis with a suitable voltage point to avoid using a bipolar supply of +/- 15 V, so that with a +15 V it is sufficient.
Esta opción también simplifica el dispositivo y reduce su coste.  This option also simplifies the device and reduces its cost.
El hecho de necesitar una tensión negativa de -15 V obliga en una aplicación real a la inclusión de un circuito de generación de tensión negativa específico, por ejemplo de capacidades conmutadas.  The fact of needing a negative voltage of -15 V forces in a real application the inclusion of a specific negative voltage generation circuit, for example of switched capacities.
Por otro lado, la invención podría, en determinadas circunstancias, evitar la inclusión de una capacidad para producir el retardo.  On the other hand, the invention could, under certain circumstances, prevent the inclusion of a capacity to produce the delay.
Los retardos por conmutación son inherentes a la implementación del dispositivo y se añaden al efecto del filtro pasabajos. Por lo tanto, en versiones optimizadas, se podrían seleccionar los interruptores controlados y el resto de componentes para poder prescindir de las capacidades. Switching delays are inherent in the implementation of the device and are added to the effect of the low pass filter. Therefore, in optimized versions, the controlled switches and other components could be selected in order to dispense with the capabilities.
Respecto a la regulación de la tensión, tal como se aprecia en el esquema de control de la figura 3, respecto a una determinada carga la tensión de salida (Vc) es :
Figure imgf000012_0001
Regarding the voltage regulation, as shown in the control scheme of Figure 3, with respect to a given load, the output voltage (V c ) is:
Figure imgf000012_0001
Donde Vg es la tensión de entrada, R es la resistencia de carga de la referencia de corriente y n el número de fases, siendo dicha referencia de corriente el valor :
Figure imgf000012_0002
Where Vg is the input voltage, R is the load resistance of the current reference and n the number of phases, said current reference being the value:
Figure imgf000012_0002
Por lo tanto, en una aplicación en la que se desee una determinada tensión de salida, para un valor de n escogido por diseño y teniendo en cuenta que los valores de Vg y de R van variando, es preciso introducir un lazo de control adicional para regular dicha tensión. Therefore, in an application where a certain output voltage is desired, for a value of n chosen by design and taking into account that the values of Vg and R vary, it is necessary to introduce an additional control loop for regulate this tension.
En resumen, la invención resuelve el problema del desfasado entre n convertidores de potencia conectados en paralelo, lo cual permite reducir la complejidad del circuito de control el coste y el consumo energético.  In summary, the invention solves the problem of phase shifting between n power converters connected in parallel, which makes it possible to reduce the complexity of the control circuit, cost and energy consumption.
Estas ventajas son determinantes en aplicaciones en las que el consumo energético y las dimensiones son esenciales para la viabilidad del producto, como por ejemplo en fuentes de potencia de sistemas integrados de ordenadores portátiles, teléfonos móviles o microsistemas .  These advantages are decisive in applications in which energy consumption and dimensions are essential for the viability of the product, such as in power sources of integrated systems of laptops, mobile phones or microsystems.
También se puede prever su utilización en convertidores de potencia para energías renovables, vehículos eléctricos, módulos reguladores de tensión multifase (VRM's), convertidores del lado de carga (Point- of-Load) , Fuentes conmutadas integradas en general, Fuentes de potencia para microsistemas tales como sensores y actuadores, sistemas fotovoltaicos o de pila de combustible de baja potencia, entre otros. It can also be used in power converters for renewable energy, electric vehicles, multiphase voltage regulator modules (VRM's), load side converters (Point- of-Load), Integrated switching sources in general, Power sources for microsystems such as sensors and actuators, photovoltaic or low-power fuel cell systems, among others.
En general, la ventaja principal de la invención es la simplicidad del circuito de control, que no necesita ni hardware ni señales externas para la sincronización de las señales de la fuente con los desfases entre los n convertidores requerido para operar en modo ínterleaving.  In general, the main advantage of the invention is the simplicity of the control circuit, which requires neither hardware nor external signals to synchronize the source signals with the mismatches between the n converters required to operate in interleaving mode.
Ello implica que la implementación microelectrónica de la invención requerirá una superficie de integración mínima, y por ende su coste, en comparación con productos existentes.  This implies that the microelectronic implementation of the invention will require a minimum integration surface, and therefore its cost, compared to existing products.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Fuente de alimentación conmutada (1) concebida para funcionar en modo entrelazado, que comprende: 1. Switching power supply (1) designed to operate in interlaced mode, comprising:
- Una pluralidad de convertidores CC-CC (CJ dispuestos en paralelo provistos cada uno de un interruptor controlado (IJ;  - A plurality of DC-DC converters (CJs arranged in parallel each provided with a controlled switch (IJ;
- siendo la evolución temporal de la intensidad suministrada por cada convertidor (CJ una sucesión de tramos de pendiente positiva, asociados a periodos de cierre de los interruptores controlados (IJ, y tramos de pendiente negativa, asociados a periodos de abertura de los interruptores controlados (IJ;  - the temporal evolution of the intensity supplied by each converter (CJ being a succession of positive slope sections, associated with closing periods of the controlled switches (IJ, and negative slope sections, associated with opening periods of the controlled switches) IJ;
En el que el estado de conmutación de cada convertidor (CJ está controlado en función de una señal generada por el convertidor adyacente (Ci+1) y en el que el primero (CJ está controlado por una señal generada por el último convertidor (Cn) , de modo que los convertidores (CJ están dispuestos en una configuración de anillo; In which the switching state of each converter (CJ is controlled as a function of a signal generated by the adjacent converter (C i + 1 ) and in which the first (CJ is controlled by a signal generated by the last converter (C n ), so that the converters (CJ are arranged in a ring configuration;
- que comprende medios para establecer las intensidades máximas (ImaxJ y mínimas (IminJ que determinan el paso del estado de cierre a abertura y de abertura a cierre respectivamente de los interruptores controlados (IJ de cada convertidor (CJ en función de la señal generada por el convertidor adyacente (Ci+1) , de modo que el dispositivo puede operar en modo entrelazado, - comprising means for establishing the maximum intensities (ImaxJ and minimum (IminJ that determine the passage from the state of closing to opening and opening to closing respectively) of the controlled switches (IJ of each converter (CJ depending on the signal generated by the adjacent converter (C i + 1 ), so that the device can operate in interlaced mode,
caracterizada por el hecho de que los medios para establecer las intensidades máximas (ImaxJ y mínimas (IminJ comprenden dos bloques en serie, siendo el primero de ellos un seguidor de tensión del promedio de una intensidad de referencia (IREF) y la intensidad filtrada (Ii+1) del convertidor adyacente (Ci+1) y siendo el segundo bloque un divisor de tensión que tiene como entrada la salida del primer bloque y como salida dichas intensidades máximas (ImaxJ y mínimas (IminJ . characterized by the fact that the means for establishing the maximum intensities (ImaxJ and minimum (IminJ comprise two blocks in series, the first being a voltage follower of the average of a reference intensity (IREF) and the filtered intensity (I i + 1 ) of the adjacent converter (C i + 1 ) and the second block being a voltage divider that has as input the output of the first block and as output these maximum intensities (ImaxJ and minimum (IminJ.
2. Fuente de alimentación conmutada (1) según la reivindicación anterior, en la que el seguidor de tensión es un amplificador operacional con una de sus entradas conectada a su salida, estando constituida su otra entrada por tres ramas en paralelo, una primera rama conectada con interposición de una primera resistencia a una tensión imagen de dicha intensidad de referencia (IREF), una segunda rama conectada con interposición de una segunda resistencia a una tensión imagen de dicha intensidad filtrada (Ii+1) del convertidor adyacente (Ci+1) y una tercera rama conectada a tierra con interposición de una capacidad, que permite obtener dicha intensidad filtrada 2. Switching power supply (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the voltage follower is an operational amplifier with one of its inputs connected to its output, its other input consisting of three parallel branches, a first connected branch with interposition of a first resistance to an image voltage of said reference intensity (IREF), a second branch connected with interposition of a second resistance to an image voltage of said filtered intensity (I i + 1 ) of the adjacent converter (C i + 1 ) and a third grounded branch with interposition of a capacity, which allows to obtain said filtered intensity
3. Fuente de alimentación conmutada (1) según la reivindicación anterior, en la que la segunda rama comprende además entre la segunda resistencia y la tensión imagen de dicha intensidad filtrada (Ii+1) una segunda capacidad, de modo que se configura un filtro pasa-banda. 3. Switching power supply (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the second branch further comprises between the second resistance and the image voltage of said filtered current (I + 1 ) a second capacity, so that a band pass filter.
4. Fuente de alimentación conmutada (1) según la reivindicación 1, en la que el seguidor de tensión es un amplificador operacional con una de sus entradas conectada a su salida, estando constituida su otra entrada por dos ramas en paralelo, una primera rama conectada con interposición de una primera resistencia a una tensión imagen de dicha intensidad de referencia (IREF), una segunda rama constituida por una tercera resistencia, un seguidor de tensión y una segunda resistencia a una tensión imagen de dicha intensidad filtrada (Ii+1) del convertidor adyacente (Ci+1) y que comprende una derivación conectada a tierra con interposición de una capacidad, que permite obtener dicha intensidad filtrada (Ii+1). 4. Switching power supply (1) according to claim 1, wherein the voltage follower is an operational amplifier with one of its inputs connected to its output, its other input being constituted by two parallel branches, a first connected branch with interposition of a first resistance to a voltage image of said reference intensity (IREF), a second branch consisting of a third resistance, a voltage follower and a second resistance to a voltage image of said filtered intensity (I + 1 ) of the adjacent converter (C i + 1 ) and comprising a grounding bypass with interposition of a capacity, which allows to obtain said filtered intensity (I + 1 ).
5. Fuente de alimentación conmutada (1) según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 2 a 4, en la que el divisor comprende en el siguiente orden: 5. Switching power supply (1) according to any of claims 2 to 4, wherein the splitter comprises in the following order:
Una tercera resistencia;  A third resistance;
- Dos diodos;  - Two diodes;
Una cuarta resistencia;  A fourth resistance;
Estando el terminal libre de la tercera resistencia conectado a un potencial superior, estando el terminal libre de la cuarta resistencia conectado a un potencial inferior, estando el punto de conexión de los dos diodos conectado a la salida del primer bloque, siendo la tensión en el punto de conexión entre la tercera resistencia y el diodo aguas abajo imagen de la intensidad máxima (ImaxJ y siendo la tensión en el punto de conexión entre la cuarta resistencia y el diodo aguas arriba imagen de la intensidad mínimas (IminJ.  The free terminal of the third resistor being connected to a higher potential, the free terminal of the fourth resistor being connected to a lower potential, the connection point of the two diodes being connected to the output of the first block, the voltage at the connection point between the third resistance and the downstream diode image of the maximum intensity (ImaxJ and the voltage being at the connection point between the fourth resistance and the upstream diode image of the minimum intensity (IminJ.
PCT/ES2011/070681 2010-09-28 2011-09-27 Switched power supply intended to function in interlace mode WO2012042089A1 (en)

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