WO2012042073A1 - System for storing cold air intended for use in thermal power plants - Google Patents

System for storing cold air intended for use in thermal power plants Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012042073A1
WO2012042073A1 PCT/ES2011/000290 ES2011000290W WO2012042073A1 WO 2012042073 A1 WO2012042073 A1 WO 2012042073A1 ES 2011000290 W ES2011000290 W ES 2011000290W WO 2012042073 A1 WO2012042073 A1 WO 2012042073A1
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Prior art keywords
air
pressure
compressor
storage
tank
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PCT/ES2011/000290
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
José María MARTÍNEZ-VAL PEÑALOSA
Alberto RAMOS MILLÁN
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Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
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Publication of WO2012042073A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012042073A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/14—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads
    • F02C6/16—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads for storing compressed air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/18—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of energy storage systems, and among them those that use compressed air in order to have high energy values stored per unit volume, and total energy stored as well.
  • thermodynamic cycles such as open Joule-Brayton
  • the purpose of this storage is to satisfy the need for cold and dense air that some thermodynamic cycles, such as open Joule-Brayton, have to obtain high yields.
  • thermodynamic cycles such as open Joule-Brayton
  • the air must be compressed before being injected into the combustion chamber, and the results of that compression are worse the hotter the intake air is, for a given atmospheric pressure.
  • thermal power plants dedicated to the generation of electricity by means of a thermodynamic cycle that requires air for its operation, particularly as a combustion of the combustion of a fuel, such as an open Joule-Brayton cycle in particular lose performance and net power in daytime operating conditions, which is when the demand for electricity is higher.
  • the invention uses the physical fact that at night the ambient temperature is lower than at day, and the air cooler; and in addition there is very low demand for electricity, and even surplus of it, and therefore there is a greater facility to cool a certain substance, using precisely the cold ambient air as a cooling fluid, and the necessary pumps, fans or compressors, activated for low price electricity.
  • the pressure is of the order of 50 bar, and even lower, and this pressure is it obtains thanks to the compressor that is driven, directly or indirectly, with the same axis as that of the gas turbine of the plant.
  • the nominal value of the pressure in the combustion chamber is the one that determines the final conditions in which the compressed air enters, and the elementary laws of adiabatic compression (since compression is performed quickly, and has no time of exchanging heat with the environment) indicate that the hotter the inlet air is, for a given pressure, the lower the density of the compressed air, and therefore the power density of the combustion chamber, which decreases the power of the system and its performance.
  • the invention of the patent ES 2 334 758 B2 consists of an assembly and mode of operation in which the plant is cooled during its daytime operation with conditions that are close to the night temperature, by means of a cooling system of the central focus of the plant with a closed liquid circuit, said liquid having cooled overnight.
  • the invention consists of a compression equipment that works at night, followed by a cooling of that compressed air using the night air itself as a cold fluid, the compressed air thus stored in a tank, tank or warehouse being stored; from which it is injected into the appropriate component of the plant, typically the cycle compressor, when required at a later time, generally because atmospheric air is at a relatively high temperature.
  • the invention is made up of:
  • An air-to-air heat exchanger whose primary circuit is under pressure, and inside which the compressed air circulates, the secondary circuit of the exchanger being at atmospheric pressure, and atmospheric air circulating through it; emerging air from the exchanger is injected from the primary circuit into the cold compressed air tank, tank or warehouse; counting this exchanger with a circulator (usually a fan or battery of fans) that makes atmospheric air flow through the secondary circuit.
  • a circulator usually a fan or battery of fans
  • a tank, tank or warehouse whose load of cold compressed air is made from the output of the primary circuit of the exchanger, and whose discharge is injected into the intake manifold of the appropriate component of the plant, typically the compressor; there is a pressure regulating valve in the loading mouth, in addition to an opening / closing valve; Y similarly there is another pressure regulating valve and another opening / closing valve in the discharge mouth,
  • the invention also consists in operating the system thus composed, according to the following procedure:
  • the storage charging mode is activated, for which:
  • the atmospheric air circulator usually a fan or battery of fans
  • the pressure regulating valve of the loading port is set at the loading pressure of the tank, tank or warehouse, the pressure of the compressor outlet pressure cannot exceed that setpoint pressure;
  • the storage discharge process is carried out, the discharged air is injected into the intake manifold of the component suitable for the control unit, typically the compressor, for which the following operations are carried out:
  • the pressure regulating valve of the discharge mouth is set at the pressure at which it is desired to inject the discharged air into said intake manifold;
  • the sectors of the separating / mixing valve of the intake manifold inlet are positioned according to the mode chosen by the operator of the plant, the air discharge sector of the storage being at least partially open;
  • the operator When choosing the operating mode of the plant, as regards the specifications of the air entering the appropriate component of the cycle, the operator must take into account the thermodynamic diagram of the compression, depending on the starting point of the air supplied to the compressor, and the power-performance map that is obtained according to those conditions; in such a way that the system of the invention provides a flexibility of management of the power station of enormous potential, in order to maximize the yield.
  • Figure 1 shows the scheme of a thermal power plant with a cycle of
  • Mixer / air separator Depending on the position of the fins of its valves, it opens the passage of atmospheric air from the duct 1, or air from the storage 17 coming from the duct 23, separately, or partially opens the two, mixing flows.
  • Gas turbine exhaust pipe 8 ..
  • Fan (which can act by upstream drive, or by suction downstream of the heat exchange zone) that moves the air 25.
  • an air compressor (12) with a maximum compression ratio that depends on the maximum storage pressure to be reached, since the pressure at the outlet of the compressor must be somewhat greater than that value, to overcome losses of load associated to the air flow that is desired to be maintained in the final stage of the load, said pressure loss caused mainly by the valves of the inlet.
  • a double stage regulator or two regulators, is used cascading This arrangement allows, for example, in the diving bottles, to maintain a pressure of 7 bar in the feeding ducts of the breathing nozzle, where the second regulator is, which causes the pressure to drop from 7 bar to the breathing pressure.
  • the first regulating stage is located in the tap attached to the mouth of the bottle, and the pressure from the bottle (which can exceed 200 bar) falls to 7 bar.
  • both processes are carried out in a controlled way, as the gas dosage to a burner is also controlled, by means of the regulating valves (in general also of two stages , as stated).
  • the typology of the compressor can be very varied, but it will be conditioned to the compression ratio required, which is a fact of the ordinary project of this type of equipment.
  • An exchanger (24) whose primary circuit, typically formed by a bundle of pressurized tubes or a set of plates (also under pressure) is connected to the outlet of the compressor (12), which drives compressed air with sufficient pressure to overcome all pressure losses above the value of the load regulating valve (which is the one that truly marks the back pressure at the compressor outlet).
  • the size and morphology of the exchanger are chosen per project according to the expected night air temperature conditions, and the pressure at which it is to be stored, since it marks the outlet temperature after compression adiabatic, given the conditions of entry.
  • the outside air circulates through it, for which it must be sucked and injected between the corresponding plates, if it is a plate exchanger, or inside the housing, if it is tubes; that in this case should be finned (both inside and out, but especially outside, due to the lower air density, and its lower film coefficient).
  • a fan or battery of these is used, which is also ordinary machinery.
  • the quantities of air involved are so high that they may require the use of parallel exchanger batteries and blowers or fans. This machinery can produce a lot of noise, so it is essential to adopt the appropriate soundproofing.
  • a tank, tank or warehouse is built, with walls and structure that are capable of withstanding the internal design pressure.
  • the stored energy is PV, where P is the pressure and V is the total storage volume.
  • the pressure whose unit in the SI system is N / m 2
  • J the pressure
  • the desired value of the total stored energy determines the value of the pair of aforementioned quantities, P V.
  • the stored energy is
  • each mole of methane (16 g) requires 64 g of 0 2 , which are 300 g of air in round numbers.
  • maintaining a thermal power of 1 MW would require burning 20 g / s of gas, and in stoichiometric input, which always exceeds 375 g / s of air. If one wanted to store the air for combustion of 1 MWh, more than 1500 kg of air would be needed, counting the excess to ensure complete combustion.
  • the opening / closing valves are mounted on the loading and unloading mouths of the storage, which are intended to hermetically isolate the tank when it is neither in loading nor in unloading, since in this case they have to clear the step in question.
  • a pressure regulating valve (19 and 22) is mounted in each mouth, having previously explained the functionality of these, which is commonly used in the gas industry.
  • each component can be done in very diverse materials, which are chemically compatible with each other and do not show appreciable corrosion rates, although the expected operating temperatures are of the order of the environment.
  • the advantage of the invention is the improvement of the performance, which can be of several percentage points, but logically its applicability is conditioned on the fact that the difference in air temperature between day and night is large, so that the desired effect is of the greater intensity Moreover, this improvement must exceed, in economic effects, not only the expenses incurred to build the system, but it must also exceed the electrical consumption of the circulators (fans or blowers), as the pumping power to move the quantities involved air can become very large, and eventually exceed the own power gained in the plant by improving performance.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for storing cold air intended for use in thermal power plants that require air, particularly for combustion. The system is formed by an air compressor (12) which operates at night and which injects compressed air into the primary of an exchanger (24), in which it is cooled by the action of the night-time air that flows through the secondary of the exchanger (24). The cold compressed air is injected into a container or tank (17), from where the stored air can be discharged when the ambient air temperature rises above a set value, said discharged air being injected into the compressor (4) of the thermodynamic cycle of the plant, thereby considerably improving the performance thereof.

Description

SISTEMA DE ALMACENAMIENTO DE AIRE FRÍO PARA USO EN CENTRALES TÉRMICAS  COLD AIR STORAGE SYSTEM FOR USE IN THERMAL POWER STATIONS
SECTOR DE LA TÉCNICA SECTOR OF THE TECHNIQUE
La invención se relaciona con el campo de los sistemas de almacenamiento energético, y entre ellos los que usan aire comprimido con objeto de tener altos valores de energía almacenados por unidad de volumen, y de energía total almacenada también.  The invention relates to the field of energy storage systems, and among them those that use compressed air in order to have high energy values stored per unit volume, and total energy stored as well.
Más concretamente, el objetivo de este almacenamiento es satisfacer la necesidad de aire frío y denso que tienen algunos ciclos termodinámicos, como el Joule-Brayton abierto, para obtener altos rendimientos. Ello proviene de que el aire debe ser comprimido antes de ser inyectado en la cámara de combustión, y los resultados de esa compresión son peores cuanto más caliente es el aire de entrada, para una presión atmosférica dada. Eso significa que las centrales térmicas dedicadas a la generación de electricidad mediante un ciclo termodinámico que requiere aire para su funcionamiento, particularmente como comburente de la combustión de un combustible, como puede ser en particular un ciclo Joule-Brayton abierto, pierden rendimiento y potencia neta en condiciones diurnas de operación, que es cuando la demanda de electricidad es mayor.  More specifically, the purpose of this storage is to satisfy the need for cold and dense air that some thermodynamic cycles, such as open Joule-Brayton, have to obtain high yields. This comes from the fact that the air must be compressed before being injected into the combustion chamber, and the results of that compression are worse the hotter the intake air is, for a given atmospheric pressure. That means that thermal power plants dedicated to the generation of electricity by means of a thermodynamic cycle that requires air for its operation, particularly as a combustion of the combustion of a fuel, such as an open Joule-Brayton cycle in particular, lose performance and net power in daytime operating conditions, which is when the demand for electricity is higher.
La invención utiliza el hecho físico de que por la noche la temperatura ambiental es menor que por el día, y el aire más frío; y además hay muy baja demanda de electricidad, e incluso excedentes de ésta, y por tanto existe una mayor facilidad para refrigerar una determinada sustancia, usando precisamente el aire frío ambiental como fluido refrigerador, y las bombas, ventiladores o compresores que hagan falta, activados por electricidad de bajo precio.  The invention uses the physical fact that at night the ambient temperature is lower than at day, and the air cooler; and in addition there is very low demand for electricity, and even surplus of it, and therefore there is a greater facility to cool a certain substance, using precisely the cold ambient air as a cooling fluid, and the necessary pumps, fans or compressors, activated for low price electricity.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Las propuestas existentes sobre almacenamiento de aire comprimido se basan generalmente, por no decir exclusivamente, en llegar a muy altas presiones, del orden de 100 bar o por encima de ese valor; para aprovechar la exergía de la presión en los momentos en los que se demanda energía, y se extrae del almacenamiento.  Existing proposals on compressed air storage are generally based, if not exclusively, on reaching very high pressures, of the order of 100 bar or above that value; to take advantage of the exergy of pressure at times when energy is demanded, and extracted from storage.
Por el contrario, en las cámaras de combustión de los ciclos tipo Joule- Brayton, la presión es del orden de 50 bar, e incluso menor, y esta presión se obtiene merced al compresor que se acciona, directa o indirectamente, con el mismo eje que el de la turbina de gas de la central. El valor nominal de la presión en la cámara de combustión es el que determina las condiciones finales en las que se encuentra el aire que entra allí comprimido, y las leyes elementales de la compresión adiabática (pues la compresión se realiza rápidamente, y no tiene tiempo de intercambiar calor con el entorno) indican que cuanto más caliente esté el aire de entrada, para una presión dada, menor es la densidad del aire comprimido, y menor por tanto la densidad de potencia de la cámara de combustión, lo que baja la potencia del sistema y su rendimiento. Por el contrario, si el aire entra frío y a una presión relativamente elevada, la densidad del aire comprimido aumenta, y el trabajo consumido por la compresión disminuye, por lo cual la potencia neta aumenta. De ahí el interés en almacenar aire frío, comprimido ligeramente, durante la noche, para usarlo al día siguiente, en los momentos de temperatura más alta de aire diurno, o cuando la demanda sea más intensa (por ejemplo, al mediodía en verano). On the contrary, in the combustion chambers of Joule-Brayton type cycles, the pressure is of the order of 50 bar, and even lower, and this pressure is it obtains thanks to the compressor that is driven, directly or indirectly, with the same axis as that of the gas turbine of the plant. The nominal value of the pressure in the combustion chamber is the one that determines the final conditions in which the compressed air enters, and the elementary laws of adiabatic compression (since compression is performed quickly, and has no time of exchanging heat with the environment) indicate that the hotter the inlet air is, for a given pressure, the lower the density of the compressed air, and therefore the power density of the combustion chamber, which decreases the power of the system and its performance. On the contrary, if the air enters cold and at a relatively high pressure, the density of the compressed air increases, and the work consumed by the compression decreases, whereby the net power increases. Hence the interest in storing cold air, compressed slightly, during the night, to use it the next day, at times of higher daytime air temperature, or when the demand is more intense (for example, at noon in summer).
En cuanto a antecedentes sobre el uso de la variación cíclica de la temperatura del aire, hay que señalar la patente ES 2 334 758 B2, "Sistema de refrigeración de centrales térmicas", cuyo primer inventor es el primer solicitante de esta solicitud, y que consiste en abordar un problema relativamente similar al de esta invención, pero radicalmente distinto, pues se refiere al sistema de refrigeración del foco frío del ciclo termodinámico, sea un condensador o una caldera de recuperación de calor, o cualquier otro dispositivo.  Regarding the background on the use of cyclic variation in air temperature, it is worth noting the patent ES 2 334 758 B2, "Thermal power plant cooling system", whose first inventor is the first applicant for this application, and that it consists in addressing a problem relatively similar to that of this invention, but radically different, since it refers to the cooling system of the cold focus of the thermodynamic cycle, be it a condenser or a heat recovery boiler, or any other device.
La invención de la patente ES 2 334 758 B2 consiste en un montaje y modo de funcionamiento en los cuales se refrigera la central durante su funcionamiento diurno con condiciones que sean cercanas a la temperatura nocturna, mediante un sistema de enfriamiento del foco frío de la central con un circuito cerrado de líquido, habiéndose enfriado dicho líquido durante la noche.  The invention of the patent ES 2 334 758 B2 consists of an assembly and mode of operation in which the plant is cooled during its daytime operation with conditions that are close to the night temperature, by means of a cooling system of the central focus of the plant with a closed liquid circuit, said liquid having cooled overnight.
El problema abordado en esta invención es distinto, dado que el material a enfriar es el aire que se inyecta en la instalación, y lo que se ha de almacenar es el propio aire, en las mejores condiciones posibles para alimentar el ciclo al día siguiente; de modo que los elementos constructivos de esta invención son sustancialmente diferentes de los exigidos para crear un foco frío de refrigeración, aprovechando también la variación cíclica diaria de la temperatura ambiente. DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN The problem addressed in this invention is different, since the material to be cooled is the air that is injected into the installation, and what is to be stored is the air itself, in the best possible conditions to feed the cycle the next day; so that the constructive elements of this invention are substantially different from those required to create a cold cooling focus, also taking advantage of the daily cyclic variation of the ambient temperature. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La invención consiste en un equipo de compresión que trabaja nocturnamente, seguido de un enfriamiento de ese aire comprimido usando el propio aire nocturno como fluido frío, siendo almacenado el aire comprimido así enfriado en un depósito, tanque o almacén; desde el cual es inyectado en el componente adecuado de la central, típicamente el compresor del ciclo, cuando se requiera en un momento posterior, generalmente porque el aire atmosférico está a temperatura relativamente alta.  The invention consists of a compression equipment that works at night, followed by a cooling of that compressed air using the night air itself as a cold fluid, the compressed air thus stored in a tank, tank or warehouse being stored; from which it is injected into the appropriate component of the plant, typically the cycle compressor, when required at a later time, generally because atmospheric air is at a relatively high temperature.
La invención está conformada por:  The invention is made up of:
Un compresor de aire, de características moderadas en cuanto a potencia y relación de compresión, respecto de lo que nominalmente puede dar el compresor de la central; por lo que en general este compresor será distinto del de la central, pues además cabe prever que se tenga que activar el sistema de la invención para almacenar aire frío, y esté funcionando la central; si bien lo habitual es que por la noche la central no funcione, por baja demanda de electricidad, y precisamente se use la electricidad excedente para activar el compresor del sistema. An air compressor, with moderate characteristics in terms of power and compression ratio, compared to what the central compressor can give nominally; Therefore, in general this compressor will be different from that of the plant, since it is also possible to have to activate the system of the invention to store cold air, and the plant is operating; although it is usual that at night the plant does not work, due to low demand for electricity, and precisely the excess electricity is used to activate the system compressor.
Un intercambiador de calor aire-aire, cuyo circuito primario está a presión, y por cuyo interior circula el aire comprimido, estando el circuito secundario del intercambiador a presión atmosférica, y circulando por él el aire atmosférico; inyectándose el aire emergente del intercambiador desde el circuito primario, en el depósito, tanque o almacén de aire comprimido frío; contando este intercambiador con un circulador (generalmente un ventilador o batería de ventiladores) que hace fluir aire atmosférico por el circuito secundario. An air-to-air heat exchanger, whose primary circuit is under pressure, and inside which the compressed air circulates, the secondary circuit of the exchanger being at atmospheric pressure, and atmospheric air circulating through it; emerging air from the exchanger is injected from the primary circuit into the cold compressed air tank, tank or warehouse; counting this exchanger with a circulator (usually a fan or battery of fans) that makes atmospheric air flow through the secondary circuit.
Un depósito, tanque o almacén, cuya carga de aire comprimido frío se realiza desde la salida del circuito primario del intercambiador, y cuya descarga se inyecta en el colector de admisión del componente adecuado de la central, típicamente el compresor; existiendo una válvula reguladora de presión en la boca de carga, además de una válvula de apertura/cierre; y existiendo análogamente otra válvula reguladora de presión y otra válvula de apertura/cierre en la boca de descarga, A tank, tank or warehouse, whose load of cold compressed air is made from the output of the primary circuit of the exchanger, and whose discharge is injected into the intake manifold of the appropriate component of the plant, typically the compressor; there is a pressure regulating valve in the loading mouth, in addition to an opening / closing valve; Y similarly there is another pressure regulating valve and another opening / closing valve in the discharge mouth,
Una válvula separadora/mezcladora en la entrada del colector de admisión del componente adecuado de la central, con dos posibles flujos de alimentación, que pueden mezclarse, si ambos sectores de la válvula están parcialmente abiertos, o pueden quedar totalmente separados, por estar cerrado uno de los sectores; estando dichos sectores de la válvula conectados al: o aire atmosférico, por un lado,  A separating / mixing valve at the intake manifold inlet of the appropriate component of the control unit, with two possible feed flows, which can be mixed, if both sectors of the valve are partially open, or can be completely separated, because one is closed of the sectors; said valve sectors being connected to: or atmospheric air, on the one hand,
o y al aire descargado del almacenamiento, por otro. or and to the air discharged from storage, on the other.
La invención consiste además en hacer funcionar el sistema así compuesto, según el siguiente procedimiento: The invention also consists in operating the system thus composed, according to the following procedure:
durante la noche, y siempre que la temperatura del aire atmosférico esté por debajo de un valor de referencia fijado por el explotador de la central, se activa el modo de carga del almacenamiento, para lo cual:  during the night, and whenever the atmospheric air temperature is below a reference value set by the operator of the plant, the storage charging mode is activated, for which:
o se activa el compresor del sistema;  or the system compressor is activated;
o se activa así mismo el intercambiador, para lo cual se pone en marcha el circulador (generalmente un ventilador o batería de ventiladores) de aire atmosférico que fluye por el circuito secundario;  or the exchanger is also activated, for which the atmospheric air circulator (usually a fan or battery of fans) that flows through the secondary circuit is started;
o se consigna la válvula reguladora de presión de la boca de carga, a la presión de carga del depósito, tanque o almacén, no pudiendo superar esa presión de consigna el valor de la presión de salida del compresor;  or the pressure regulating valve of the loading port is set at the loading pressure of the tank, tank or warehouse, the pressure of the compressor outlet pressure cannot exceed that setpoint pressure;
o se abre la válvula de apertura/cierre en la boca de carga;  o the opening / closing valve is opened in the loading port;
o se mantiene cerrada la válvula de apertura/cierre de la boca de descarga;  or the opening / closing valve of the discharge port is kept closed;
y en condiciones de funcionamiento diurno, cuando la temperatura del aire atmosférico está por encima de un valor de consigna fijado por el explotador de la central, se procede al proceso de descarga del almacenamiento, inyectándose el aire descargado en el colector de admisión del componente adecuado de la central, típicamente el compresor, para lo cual se realizan las siguientes operaciones: and in daytime operating conditions, when the atmospheric air temperature is above a setpoint set by the plant operator, the storage discharge process is carried out, the discharged air is injected into the intake manifold of the component suitable for the control unit, typically the compressor, for which the following operations are carried out:
o se consigna la válvula reguladora de presión de la boca de descarga, a la presión a la que se desea inyectar el aire descargado en el citado colector de admisión;  or the pressure regulating valve of the discharge mouth is set at the pressure at which it is desired to inject the discharged air into said intake manifold;
o se posicionan los sectores de la válvula separadora/mezcladora de la entrada del colector de admisión según el modo escogido por el explotador de la central, estando el sector de aire de descarga del almacenamiento al menos parcialmente abierto;  or the sectors of the separating / mixing valve of the intake manifold inlet are positioned according to the mode chosen by the operator of the plant, the air discharge sector of the storage being at least partially open;
o se abre la válvula de apertura/cierre de la boca de descarga. or the opening / closing valve of the discharge mouth is opened.
En la elección del modo de funcionamiento de la central, por lo que respecta a las especificaciones del aire que entra en el componente adecuado del ciclo, el explotador ha de tener en cuenta el diagrama termodinámico de la compresión, en función del punto de partida del aire aportado al compresor, y el mapa de potencias-rendimiento que se obtiene según esas condiciones; de tal modo que el sistema de la invención proporciona una flexibilidad de gestión de la central de enorme potencialidad, de cara a maximizar el rendimiento. When choosing the operating mode of the plant, as regards the specifications of the air entering the appropriate component of the cycle, the operator must take into account the thermodynamic diagram of the compression, depending on the starting point of the air supplied to the compressor, and the power-performance map that is obtained according to those conditions; in such a way that the system of the invention provides a flexibility of management of the power station of enormous potential, in order to maximize the yield.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS  BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
La figura 1 muestra el esquema de una central térmica con ciclo de Figure 1 shows the scheme of a thermal power plant with a cycle of
Brayton abierto, en la que se incluyen los elementos de la invención. Open Brayton, which includes the elements of the invention.
MODOS PREFERENTES DE REALIZACIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN  PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
Para facilitar la comprensión de las materializaciones preferentes de la invención, a continuación se relacionan los elementos relevantes de la misma, que aparecen en las figuras:  To facilitate the understanding of the preferred embodiments of the invention, the relevant elements thereof, which appear in the figures, are listed below:
1. Entrada de aire atmosférico al ciclo.  1. Atmospheric air inlet to the cycle.
2. Mezclador/separador de aire. Según la posición de las aletas de sus válvulas, abre el paso de aire atmosférico del conducto 1, o aire del almacenamiento 17 proveniente por el conducto 23, separadamente, o bien abre parcialmente los dos, mezclando caudales.  2. Mixer / air separator. Depending on the position of the fins of its valves, it opens the passage of atmospheric air from the duct 1, or air from the storage 17 coming from the duct 23, separately, or partially opens the two, mixing flows.
3. Colector o conducto de entrada al compresor, 4.  3. Manifold or inlet duct to the compressor, 4.
4. Compresor del aire necesario para el ciclo. 5. Cámara de combustión. 4. Air compressor necessary for the cycle. 5. Combustion chamber.
6. Aportación de combustible.  6. Fuel contribution.
7. Eje común compresor-turbina (opcional).  7. Common shaft compressor-turbine (optional).
8. Turbina de gas.  8. Gas turbine.
9. Alternador eléctrico.  9. Electric alternator.
10. Tubería de escape de la turbina de gas 8..  10. Gas turbine exhaust pipe 8 ..
11. Caldera de recuperación de calor.  11. Heat recovery boiler.
12. Compresor del sistema.  12. System compressor.
13. Entrada de aire atmosférico al compresor del sistema, 12.  13. Atmospheric air inlet to the system compressor, 12.
14. Tubería de descarga del compresor 12.  14. Compressor discharge pipe 12.
15. Circuito primario del intercambiador del sistema, 24, que es prolongación de la tubería 14.  15. Primary circuit of the system exchanger, 24, which is extension of the pipe 14.
16. Tubería de carga del almacenamiento 17.  16. Storage cargo pipe 17.
17. Almacenamiento de aire comprimido frío.  17. Storage of cold compressed air.
18. Válvula de apertura/cierre en la boca de carga.  18. Opening / closing valve in the loading port.
19. Válvula reguladora de presión de la boca de carga.  19. Pressure regulating valve of the nozzle.
20. Paredes herméticas y estructuralmente resistentes del almacenamiento. 20. Airtight and structurally resistant storage walls.
21. Válvula de apertura/cierre en la boca de descarga. 21. Opening / closing valve in the discharge mouth.
22. Válvula reguladora de presión de la boca de descarga.  22. Pressure regulating valve of the discharge nozzle.
23. Tubería de descarga del almacenamiento 17.  23. Storage discharge pipe 17.
24. Intercambiador del sistema.  24. System exchanger.
25. Aire atmosférico que fluye por el circuito secundario del Intercambiador del sistema.  25. Atmospheric air flowing through the secondary circuit of the System Exchanger.
26. Ventilador (que puede actuar por impulsión aguas arriba, o por succión aguas debajo de la zona de intercambio de calor) que mueve el aire 25. 26. Fan (which can act by upstream drive, or by suction downstream of the heat exchange zone) that moves the air 25.
Para la realización de la invención, se han de añadir, a una central dada, los equipos y componentes siguientes, adecuándolos, en cada proyecto, a las especificaciones del problema; un compresor de aire (12), con una relación de compresión máxima que depende de la presión máxima de almacenamiento a la que se quiera llegar, pues la presión a la salida del compresor ha de ser algo mayor que dicho valor, para vencer las pérdidas de carga asociadas al flujo de aire que se desea mantener en la etapa final de la carga, motivada dicha pérdida de carga manométrica principalmente por las válvulas de la boca de entrada. A estos efectos conviene explicar la función de una válvula reguladora de presión (19 y 22), comúnmente denominado "regulador", que es componente de uso habitual en todas las aplicaciones de gases, desde las bombonas de butano a las botellas de aire comprimido, consiguiendo con estos reguladores que la presión del gas descargado de un depósito sea constante, independientemente del valor de la presión que haya dentro del depósito, siempre que sea superior al valor fijado en el regulador (pues si está por debajo, no puede salir el gas, dado que los fluidos siempre se mueven desde las zonas de alta presión a las de baja presión). En el caso de que el salto de presión sea muy grande (por ejemplo, de 200 bar de una botella de buceo de aire comprimido a la presión circundante, que será de unos pocos bar) se emplea un regulador de doble etapa, o dos reguladores en cascada. Esta disposición permite, por ejemplo, en las botellas de buceo, mantener una presión de 7 bar en los conductos de alimentación de la boquilla de respiración, donde está el segundo regulador, que hace caer la presión desde los 7 bar a la presión de respiración. La primera etapa reguladora se ubica en el grifo acoplado a la boca de la botella, y nace caer la presión desde la de la botella (que puede superar los 200 bar) a 7 bar. Mediante las válvulas reguladoras en las bocas de carga y descarga del almacenamiento (19 y 22), se efectúan ambos procesos de forma controlada, como también está controlada la dosificación de gas a un quemador, mediante as válvulas reguladoras (en general también de dos etapas, según se ha dicho). La tipología del compresor puede ser muy variada, pero estará condicionada a la relación de compresión exigida, lo cual es un dato del proyecto ordinario de este tipo de equipos. For the realization of the invention, the following equipment and components must be added to a given plant, adapting them, in each project, to the specifications of the problem; an air compressor (12), with a maximum compression ratio that depends on the maximum storage pressure to be reached, since the pressure at the outlet of the compressor must be somewhat greater than that value, to overcome losses of load associated to the air flow that is desired to be maintained in the final stage of the load, said pressure loss caused mainly by the valves of the inlet. For this purpose, it is worth explaining the function of a pressure regulating valve (19 and 22), commonly referred to as a "regulator", which is a component commonly used in all gas applications, from butane cylinders to compressed air bottles, getting with these regulators that the pressure of the gas discharged from a tank is constant, regardless of the value of the pressure inside the tank, as long as it is higher than the value set in the regulator (because if it is below, the gas cannot escape , since fluids always move from high pressure to low pressure areas). In the event that the pressure jump is very large (for example, 200 bar of a compressed air diving bottle at the surrounding pressure, which will be a few bar) a double stage regulator, or two regulators, is used cascading This arrangement allows, for example, in the diving bottles, to maintain a pressure of 7 bar in the feeding ducts of the breathing nozzle, where the second regulator is, which causes the pressure to drop from 7 bar to the breathing pressure. . The first regulating stage is located in the tap attached to the mouth of the bottle, and the pressure from the bottle (which can exceed 200 bar) falls to 7 bar. By means of the regulating valves in the loading and unloading mouths of the storage (19 and 22), both processes are carried out in a controlled way, as the gas dosage to a burner is also controlled, by means of the regulating valves (in general also of two stages , as stated). The typology of the compressor can be very varied, but it will be conditioned to the compression ratio required, which is a fact of the ordinary project of this type of equipment.
Un intercambiador (24) cuyo circuito primario, formado típicamente por un haz de tubos a presión o por un conjunto de placas (también a presión) está conectado a la salida del compresor (12), que impulsa al aire comprimido con presión suficiente como para vencer todas las pérdidas manométricas por encima del valor de la válvula reguladora de carga (que es la que verdaderamente marca la contrapresión a la salida del compresor). El tamaño y morfología del intercambiador (su NUT, número de unidades de transmisión) se eligen por proyecto según las condiciones previstas de temperatura del aire nocturno, y la presión a la que se quiere almacenar, pues ésta marca la temperatura de salida tras la compresión adiabática, dadas las condiciones de entrada. Y por lo que corresponde al secundario del intercambiador, por él circula el aire exterior, para lo cual hay que succionarlo e inyectarlo entre las placas correspondientes, si es un intercambiador de placas, o dentro de la carcasa, si es de tubos; que en este caso conviene vayan aleteados (tanto por dentro como por fuera, pero sobre todo por fuera, por la menor densidad del aire, y su menor coeficiente de película). Y para hacer circular el aire se usa un ventilador o batería de éstos, que es una maquinaria así mismo ordinaria. No obstante, según se aprecia en una estimación elemental presentada a continuación, las cantidades de aire involucradas son tan elevadas que posiblemente exijan el uso de baterías en paralelo de intercambiadores y de soplantes o ventiladores. Esta maquinaria puede producir mucho ruido, por lo que resulta imprescindible adoptar las insonorizaciones pertinentes.  An exchanger (24) whose primary circuit, typically formed by a bundle of pressurized tubes or a set of plates (also under pressure) is connected to the outlet of the compressor (12), which drives compressed air with sufficient pressure to overcome all pressure losses above the value of the load regulating valve (which is the one that truly marks the back pressure at the compressor outlet). The size and morphology of the exchanger (its NUT, number of transmission units) are chosen per project according to the expected night air temperature conditions, and the pressure at which it is to be stored, since it marks the outlet temperature after compression adiabatic, given the conditions of entry. And for what corresponds to the secondary of the exchanger, the outside air circulates through it, for which it must be sucked and injected between the corresponding plates, if it is a plate exchanger, or inside the housing, if it is tubes; that in this case should be finned (both inside and out, but especially outside, due to the lower air density, and its lower film coefficient). And to circulate the air, a fan or battery of these is used, which is also ordinary machinery. However, as can be seen in an elementary estimate presented below, the quantities of air involved are so high that they may require the use of parallel exchanger batteries and blowers or fans. This machinery can produce a lot of noise, so it is essential to adopt the appropriate soundproofing.
Se construye un depósito, tanque o almacén, con paredes y estructura que sean capaces de soportar la presión interna de diseño. Hay que pener en cuenta que la energía almacenada es P V, siendo P la presión y V el volumen total del almacenamiento. Téngase en cuenta que la presión, cuya unidad en el sistema SI es N/m2 , puede asimismo expresarse en J/m3 , lo que explícitamente señala que es una densidad de energía. El valor que se desee de la energía total almacenada, determina el valor de la pareja de magnitudes antedichas, P V. Así por ejemplo, expresando la P en bares y V en m3 ,1a energía almacenada es A tank, tank or warehouse is built, with walls and structure that are capable of withstanding the internal design pressure. Keep in mind that the stored energy is PV, where P is the pressure and V is the total storage volume. Note that the pressure, whose unit in the SI system is N / m 2 , can also be expressed in J / m 3 , which explicitly indicates that it is an energy density. The desired value of the total stored energy determines the value of the pair of aforementioned quantities, P V. Thus, for example, by expressing the P in bars and V in m 3 , the stored energy is
E (J) = 105 P V E (J) = 10 5 PV
Lo que significa que almacenar 1 MWh (mecánico) a 10 bar, requeriría 3.600 m3. Sin embargo, es fundamental aclarar que el almacenamiento de esta invención no tiene ese fin, sino contribuir a una mejor combustión y a una mayor potencia en la cámara de combustión, aportando mayor cantidad de aire. Téngase en cuenta la estequiometría, por ejemplo, de la combustión del metano Which means that storing 1 MWh (mechanical) at 10 bar would require 3,600 m 3 . However, it is essential to clarify that the storage of this invention does not have that purpose, but to contribute to better combustion and greater power in the combustion chamber, providing more air. Take stoichiometry into account, for example, of combustion of methane.
CH4 + 202 = C02 + 2H20 CH 4 + 20 2 = C0 2 + 2H 2 0
Lo que exige 2 moles de 02 por cada mol de metano (lo cual va acompañado de 2-3,76 moles de N2 y trazas de Ar, etc). En peso, cada mol de metano (16 g) exige 64 g de 02, que vienen a ser 300 g de aire en números redondos. Con un poder calorífico inferior de 50 kJ/g en el gas, mantener una potencia térmica de 1 MW exigiría quemar 20 g/s de gas, y en aportación estequiométrica, que siempre se sobrepasa, 375 g/s de aire. Si se quisiera almacenar el aire para la combustión de 1 MWh, se necesitarían más de 1500 kg de aire, contando el exceso para asegurar combustión completa. En condiciones ambientales, ocuparían algo más de 1200 m3, pero si el almacenamiento es a 10 bar, el volumen bajaría a la décima parte, 120 m3. Aunque es una cantidad muy pequeña en comparación con las medidas requeridas en el almacenamiento energético, se ha de tener en cuenta que en este caso quién aporta la energía es el gas. Se montan en las bocas de carga y descarga del almacenamiento sendas válvulas de apertura/cierre, que tienen por objeto aislar herméticamente el depósito cuando no está ni en carga ni en descarga, pues en tal caso han de franquear el paso en cuestión. Se monta una válvula reguladora de presión (19 y 22) en cada boca, habiéndose explicado anteriormente la funcionalidad de éstas, de uso totalmente habitual en la industria de gases. Which requires 2 moles of 0 2 per mole of methane (which is accompanied by 2-3.76 moles of N 2 and traces of Ar, etc.). In weight, each mole of methane (16 g) requires 64 g of 0 2 , which are 300 g of air in round numbers. With a calorific value of less than 50 kJ / g in the gas, maintaining a thermal power of 1 MW would require burning 20 g / s of gas, and in stoichiometric input, which always exceeds 375 g / s of air. If one wanted to store the air for combustion of 1 MWh, more than 1500 kg of air would be needed, counting the excess to ensure complete combustion. In environmental conditions, they would occupy a little more than 1200 m 3 , but if the storage is at 10 bar, the volume would go down to one tenth, 120 m 3 . Although it is a very small amount compared to the measures required in energy storage, it must be taken into account that in this case who provides the energy is the gas. The opening / closing valves are mounted on the loading and unloading mouths of the storage, which are intended to hermetically isolate the tank when it is neither in loading nor in unloading, since in this case they have to clear the step in question. A pressure regulating valve (19 and 22) is mounted in each mouth, having previously explained the functionality of these, which is commonly used in the gas industry.
Y se sigue el procedimiento prescrito en la "Descripción de la invención", para el funcionamiento del almacenamiento.  And the procedure prescribed in the "Description of the invention" is followed for the operation of the storage.
Obviamente, los tamaños geométricos y demás datos de los equipos se han de adecuar a las características de la central en concreto.  Obviously, the geometric sizes and other data of the equipment must be adapted to the characteristics of the specific plant.
La materialización de cada componente puede hacerse en materiales muy diversos, que sean químicamente compatibles entre sí y no presenten tasas de corrosión apreciables, aunque las temperaturas de funcionamiento previstas, son del orden de las ambientales.  The materialization of each component can be done in very diverse materials, which are chemically compatible with each other and do not show appreciable corrosion rates, although the expected operating temperatures are of the order of the environment.
La ventaja de la invención es la mejora del rendimiento, que puede ser de varios puntos porcentuales, pero lógicamente su aplicabilidad está condicionada a que la diferencia de temperatura del aire entre el día y la noche sea grande, para que el efecto buscado sea de la mayor intensidad. Más aún, esa mejora debe superar, en efectos económicos, no sólo a los gastos incurridos para construir el sistema, sino que ha de superar también al consumo eléctrico de los circuladores (ventiladores o soplantes), pues la potencia de bombeo para mover las cantidades involucradas de aire puede llegar a ser muy grande, y eventualmente sobrepasar la propia potencia ganada en la central por la mejora de rendimiento.  The advantage of the invention is the improvement of the performance, which can be of several percentage points, but logically its applicability is conditioned on the fact that the difference in air temperature between day and night is large, so that the desired effect is of the greater intensity Moreover, this improvement must exceed, in economic effects, not only the expenses incurred to build the system, but it must also exceed the electrical consumption of the circulators (fans or blowers), as the pumping power to move the quantities involved air can become very large, and eventually exceed the own power gained in the plant by improving performance.
Una vez descrita de forma clara la invención, se hace constar que las realizaciones particulares anteriormente descritas son susceptibles de modificaciones de detalle siempre que no alteren el principio fundamental y la esencia de la invención.  Once the invention is clearly described, it is noted that the particular embodiments described above are subject to modifications in detail as long as they do not alter the fundamental principle and essence of the invention.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1 - Sistema de almacenamiento de aire frío para uso en centrales térmicas, que se aplica a una central térmica con un ciclo termodinámico que requiera aire de densidad relativamente alta y temperatura relativamente baja, como puede ser particularmente un ciclo Brayton abierto, caracterizado por que el sistema en su conjunto está constituido por un equipo de compresión que trabaja nocturnamente, seguido de un enfriamiento de ese aire comprimido usando el propio aire nocturno como fluido frío, siendo almacenado el aire comprimido así enfriado en un depósito, tanque o almacén (17); desde el cual es inyectado en el componente adecuado de la central, típicamente el compresor (4) del ciclo, cuando se requiera en un momento posterior, generalmente porque el aire atmosférico está a temperatura relativamente alta; estando el sistema conformado por:  1 - Cold air storage system for use in thermal power plants, which is applied to a thermal power plant with a thermodynamic cycle that requires air of relatively high density and relatively low temperature, such as an open Brayton cycle, characterized in that the The system as a whole is constituted by a compression equipment that works at night, followed by a cooling of that compressed air using the night air itself as a cold fluid, the compressed air thus being stored in a tank, tank or warehouse (17); from which it is injected into the appropriate component of the plant, typically the cycle compressor (4), when required at a later time, generally because the atmospheric air is at a relatively high temperature; the system being made up of:
un compresor (12) de aire;  an air compressor (12);
un intercambiador de calor (24) aire-aire, cuyo circuito primario está a presión, y por cuyo interior circula el aire comprimido, estando el circuito secundario del intercambiador a presión atmosférica, y circulando por él el aire atmosférico; inyectándose el aire emergente del intercambiador desde el circuito primario, en el depósito, tanque o almacén de aire comprimido frío; contando este intercambiador con un circulador, generalmente un ventilador o batería de ventiladores, que hace fluir aire atmosférico (25) por el circuito secundario;  an air-to-air heat exchanger (24), whose primary circuit is under pressure, and inside which the compressed air circulates, the secondary circuit of the exchanger being at atmospheric pressure, and atmospheric air circulating through it; emerging air from the exchanger is injected from the primary circuit into the cold compressed air tank, tank or warehouse; counting this exchanger with a circulator, generally a fan or battery of fans, which makes atmospheric air (25) flow through the secondary circuit;
un depósito, tanque o almacén (17), cuya carga de aire comprimido frío se realiza desde la salida del circuito primario del intercambiador (24), y cuya descarga se inyecta en el colector de admisión del componente adecuado de la central, típicamente el compresor; existiendo una válvula reguladora de presión en la boca de carga, además de una válvula de apertura/cierre; y existiendo análogamente otra válvula reguladora de presión y otra válvula de apertura/cierre en la boca de descarga;  a tank, tank or warehouse (17), whose loading of cold compressed air is made from the output of the primary circuit of the exchanger (24), and whose discharge is injected into the intake manifold of the appropriate component of the exchange, typically the compressor ; there is a pressure regulating valve in the loading mouth, in addition to an opening / closing valve; and similarly there is another pressure regulating valve and another opening / closing valve in the discharge mouth;
una válvula separadora/mezcladora (2) en la entrada del colector de admisión (3) del componente adecuado de la central, con dos posibles flujos de alimentación, que pueden mezclarse, si ambos sectores de la válvula están parcialmente abiertos, o pueden quedar totalmente separados, por estar cerrado uno de los sectores; estando dichos sectores de la válvula conectados al: a separating / mixing valve (2) at the intake manifold inlet (3) of the appropriate component of the control unit, with two possible feed flows, which can be mixed, if both sectors of the valve are partially open, or can be completely separated, because one of the sectors is closed; said valve sectors being connected to:
o aire atmosférico, por un lado,  or atmospheric air, on the one hand,
o y al aire descargado del almacenamiento, por otro.  or and to the air discharged from storage, on the other.
2 - Procedimiento de funcionamiento de un sistema de almacenamiento de aire frío para uso en centrales térmicas, según reivindicación primera, caracterizado por que el funcionamiento del sistema así compuesto se hace de acuerdo a la siguiente pauta: 2 - Operating procedure of a cold air storage system for use in thermal power plants, according to claim one, characterized in that the operation of the system thus composed is done according to the following guideline:
durante la noche, y siempre que la temperatura del aire atmosférico esté por debajo de un valor de referencia fijado por el explotador de la central, se activa el modo de carga del almacenamiento, para lo cual:  during the night, and whenever the atmospheric air temperature is below a reference value set by the operator of the plant, the storage charging mode is activated, for which:
o se activa el compresor (12) del sistema;  or the compressor (12) of the system is activated;
o se activa así mismo el intercambiador (24), para lo cual se pone en marcha el circulador, generalmente un ventilador (26) o batería de ventiladores, de aire atmosférico que fluye por el circuito secundario;  or the exchanger (24) is also activated, for which the circulator, generally a fan (26) or battery of fans, of atmospheric air flowing through the secondary circuit is started;
o se consigna la válvula reguladora de presión de la boca de carga (19), a la presión de carga del depósito, tanque o almacén (17), no pudiendo superar esa presión de consigna el valor de la presión de salida del compresor (12);  or the pressure regulating valve of the nozzle (19) is set, at the loading pressure of the tank, tank or warehouse (17), the pressure of the compressor outlet pressure (12) cannot exceed that setpoint pressure );
o se abre la válvula de apertura/cierre (18) en la boca de carga; o se mantiene cerrada la válvula de apertura/cierre (21) de la boca de descarga;  or the opening / closing valve (18) is opened in the loading port; or the opening / closing valve (21) of the discharge port is kept closed;
o y se detiene el funcionamiento del compresor (12) del sistema y de su intercambiador (24), y se cierra la válvula de apertura/cierre (18) en la boca de carga, cuando se ha alcanzado el llenado total del almacenamiento (17), o la temperatura del aire atmosférico supera el valor de referencia; y en condiciones de funcionamiento diurno, cuando la temperatura del aire atmosférico (25) está por encima de un valor de consigna fijado por el explotador de la central, se procede al proceso de descarga del almacenamiento, inyectándose el aire descargado en el colector de admisión del componente adecuado de la central, típicamente el compresor (4), para lo cual: oy the operation of the compressor (12) of the system and its exchanger (24) is stopped, and the opening / closing valve (18) in the loading port is closed, when it has been reached the total filling of the storage (17), or the atmospheric air temperature exceeds the reference value; and in daytime operating conditions, when the atmospheric air temperature (25) is above a setpoint set by the plant operator, the storage discharge process is carried out, the air discharged into the intake manifold is injected of the appropriate component of the plant, typically the compressor (4), for which:
se consigna la válvula reguladora de presión (22) de la boca de descarga, a la presión a la que se desea inyectar el aire descargado en el citado colector de admisión;  the pressure regulating valve (22) of the discharge port is set at the pressure at which it is desired to inject the discharged air into said intake manifold;
se posicionan los sectores de la válvula separadora/mezcladora (2) de la entrada del colector de admisión (3) según el modo escogido por el explotador de la central, estando el sector de aire de descarga del almacenamiento al menos parcialmente abierto;  the sectors of the separating / mixing valve (2) of the intake manifold inlet (3) are positioned according to the mode chosen by the operator of the plant, the air discharge sector of the storage being at least partially open;
se mantiene cerrada la válvula de apertura/cierre (18) de la boca de carga;  the opening / closing valve (18) of the loading port is kept closed;
se abre la válvula de apertura/cierre (21) de la boca de descarga;  the opening / closing valve (21) of the discharge port is opened;
y se detiene la descarga del almacenamiento 17, cerrándose su válvula de apertura/cierre (21) de la boca de descarga, cuando queda vacío el almacenamiento o la temperatura del aire atmosférico (25) está por debajo de un valor de consigna.  and the discharge of the storage 17 is stopped, closing its opening / closing valve (21) of the discharge mouth, when the storage is empty or the atmospheric air temperature (25) is below a setpoint.
PCT/ES2011/000290 2010-09-30 2011-09-28 System for storing cold air intended for use in thermal power plants WO2012042073A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ESP201001256 2010-09-30
ES201001256A ES2350347B2 (en) 2010-09-30 2010-09-30 COLD AIR STORAGE SYSTEM FOR USE IN THERMAL POWER STATIONS.

Publications (1)

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WO2012042073A1 true WO2012042073A1 (en) 2012-04-05

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3631673A (en) * 1969-08-08 1972-01-04 Electricite De France Power generating plant
US5537822A (en) * 1994-02-03 1996-07-23 The Israel Electric Corporation Ltd. Compressed air energy storage method and system
US7389644B1 (en) * 2007-01-19 2008-06-24 Michael Nakhamkin Power augmentation of combustion turbines by injection of cold air upstream of compressor
US20090100835A1 (en) * 2007-01-25 2009-04-23 Michael Nakhamkin CAES system with synchronous reserve power requirements

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3631673A (en) * 1969-08-08 1972-01-04 Electricite De France Power generating plant
US5537822A (en) * 1994-02-03 1996-07-23 The Israel Electric Corporation Ltd. Compressed air energy storage method and system
US7389644B1 (en) * 2007-01-19 2008-06-24 Michael Nakhamkin Power augmentation of combustion turbines by injection of cold air upstream of compressor
US20090100835A1 (en) * 2007-01-25 2009-04-23 Michael Nakhamkin CAES system with synchronous reserve power requirements

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ES2350347B2 (en) 2011-10-21

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