WO2012038647A1 - Procede d'estimation de parametres elastiques par inversion de mesures sismiques 4d - Google Patents
Procede d'estimation de parametres elastiques par inversion de mesures sismiques 4d Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012038647A1 WO2012038647A1 PCT/FR2011/052136 FR2011052136W WO2012038647A1 WO 2012038647 A1 WO2012038647 A1 WO 2012038647A1 FR 2011052136 W FR2011052136 W FR 2011052136W WO 2012038647 A1 WO2012038647 A1 WO 2012038647A1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 58
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/306—Analysis for determining physical properties of the subsurface, e.g. impedance, porosity or attenuation profiles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/308—Time lapse or 4D effects, e.g. production related effects to the formation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to geophysical methods used to estimate parameters of the subsoil especially in the context of exploration and production of hydrocarbons.
- first seismic recordings are obtained, initially obtained during a "base survey", for example before the production of a hydrocarbon reservoir, and a "monitor survey” is carried out, for example after a few years of reservoir operation, to obtain second seismic recordings.
- the seismic recordings (or seismic traces) base and monitor are compared to estimate variations of physical parameters of the geological layers in the explored area.
- the comparative analysis of the records includes an inversion to estimate the variations of the parameters in order to get an idea of the saturation levels in the exploited layers.
- a reversal method that can be used to analyze offsets temporal measurements in the base and monitor seismic traces (depending on the variations in propagation velocities) at the same time as the amplitude changes (depending on the variations in impedances) is described in EP 1 865 340 A1.
- Another method for analyzing 4D seismic data uses a model-based inversion at one or more wells where logs have been recorded. .
- the document does not describe the inversion method nor how to parameterize the model.
- the results of the inversion are then extended away from the well by a statistical method.
- a correlation calculation is performed to reduce the time mark of the monitor recordings to that of the base records.
- the method seeks to directly estimate changes in saturation levels and pressure variations in the geological layers.
- the invention aims to enrich the 4D seismic techniques, in particular by taking them into account geological and dynamic constraints.
- a method for estimating elastic parameters of a region of the subsoil according to a network of horizontal positions comprising:
- step (k) repeating from step (g) whether there remains in the boundary at least one position adjacent to a position of the unlabeled network as treated
- the technique uses a priori geological-dynamic to estimate the 4D parameters at the reservoir scale. This estimate is made along a predefined direction, usually vertical. At the starting positions, it may be the direction of a well drilled in the study area or, in some embodiments, a direction arbitrarily selected without having to be located on a well.
- the 4D inversion process is propagated step by step assuming implicitly that there exists a relative continuity of the estimated parameters between the adjacent positions of the network.
- the "best" position of the boundary is selected to continue the propagation and the inversion to the new adjacent positions is performed taking into account the values found for this "best" position.
- the propagation is stopped, which probably reflects a loss of continuity of the parameters. It is possible, at each iteration, to select for propagation several network positions considered to be the best in the sense of the cost function minimized. This makes it possible to accelerate the processing, especially when several computers are used in parallel to perform the 4D inversions.
- the propagation speeds to be estimated are limited to the propagation velocity of the pressure waves V P , the base and monitor seismic traces can be measured by sending seismic waves at normal incidence to the underlying layers and collecting the seismic waves reflected by interfaces between said layers.
- the method can also be extended to the estimation of propagation velocities of shear waves in permeable layers, base seismic traces and monitor being then measured by sending seismic waves under non-normal incidence to the underlying layers and collecting the seismic waves reflected by the interfaces between said layers.
- the elastic parameters whose variations are tested may also include the position, along said direction, of at least one interface delimiting one of said permeable layers.
- hypotheses of variation of the elastic parameters in the permeable layers and / or depths and / or thicknesses of these permeable layers are defined at a position of the boundary from the estimated variations. at the starting or spreading position adjacent to this position of the boundary.
- the minimization of the cost function in step (e) or (i) of estimating, in this position of the boundary, variations of the elastic parameters in the permeable layers and / or the depths and / or thicknesses of said permeable layers can then understand, for each hypothesis:
- ⁇ Compute a seismic pseudo-trace by combining one of the measured seismic traces associated with the position of the boundary with the estimated amplitude disturbance
- the variation of the elastic parameters and / or the depths and / or the thicknesses of the permeable layers can then be estimated according to an assumption for which the evaluated cost function is minimal.
- the amplitude perturbation can be estimated as a function of impedance variations in the permeable layers, deduced from the assumption of variation of the elastic parameters, and of a wavelet representative of an incident seismic signal.
- the combination may comprise:
- the elastic parameter variations are typically taken into account in permeable layers along a borehole drilled in the subsoil.
- the permeable layers can be positioned along the borehole direction of drilling from logs in the well.
- Another possibility, if the well is in operation, is to define the positions of the permeable layers along the well from perforation positions made in a casing of the well.
- a reservoir grid is constructed by a geomodelling technique based on structural information derived from seismic records and wells. This grid is filled with the physical properties of the rocks, including permeability and porosity, calibrated on the well data.
- the reservoir grid can be used to provide the geological a priori exploited in the 4D inversion.
- This geological a priori is provided near the well but also away from this one to facilitate the process of propagation of the inversion method.
- the values of depths and / or thicknesses of the permeable layers which are determined by the propagation of the inversion of the 4D data in certain embodiments of the method, make it possible to refine the geometry of the reservoir grid.
- Step (c) of obtaining an estimate of the elastic parameter variations between the first and the second time in permeable layers of the subsoil at a starting position given by the position of a well may understand:
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a mode of seismic measurements near a well
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the synthesis of a seismic trace from measurements made in a well (Iogs);
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the evolution of a basic seismic trace towards a monitor seismic trace as a function of a hypothesis of variation of the density and velocity of propagation of the pressure waves in permeable layers along the well;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a first embodiment of the method for estimating elastic parameters at a well
- FIGS. 5 and 6 are diagrams illustrating two other embodiments of the method
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating another mode of acquisition of an exploitable seismic trace in one embodiment of the method.
- FIGS. 8A and 8B are diagrams of an example of a mesh of a studied zone of the subsoil, illustrating an embodiment of the method according to the invention with two degrees of advancement;
- FIG. 9 is a flow diagram of this method, showing the processing steps performed by a computer programmed for its implementation.
- Figure 1 illustrates an oil field where a well 10 has been drilled. This well 10 passes through layers, represented very schematically in FIG. 1, having variable elastic parameters.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of recording the velocity V P of propagation of the pressure waves and the density p of the rock formations as a function of the depth along the well.
- a seismic wave source 1 1 is successively placed at different locations on the surface, or in the sea in the case of an offshore zone, and one or more seismic wave detectors 12 collect the seismic waves originating from the source 1 which have reflected on the interfaces between the geological layers encountered.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the particular case where the source 11 and the detector 12 are placed in the immediate vicinity of the well 10 in order to record seismic waves that have propagated vertically along the well with an approximately normal incidence on the interfaces between layers.
- FIG. 2 This modeling is illustrated by FIG. 2 where the first step consists in converting the logs V P (z), p (z) obtained as a function of the depth in the well in logs V P (t), p (t ) expressed as a function of the wave propagation time to be convoluted according to (1).
- the depth-time conversion law used for this is directly deduced from the evolution of the velocity Vp along the well.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a first way to carry out this verification.
- the left part of FIG. 4 shows the logs Vp (t) and p (t) measured as a function of the depth at the base time and converted to be expressed as a function of the propagation time, as well as several hypotheses ⁇ ⁇ / ⁇ , ⁇ / ⁇ of variation of the parameters in the permeable layers 20, 30.
- a (t) A (t) - B (t). This difference A (t) is compared to the difference
- ⁇ ( ⁇ ) AA M (t) - A B (t) between the measured base and monitor traces.
- the difference A (t) - AA (t) is minimized according to the variation hypotheses AVpA / p,
- optimization can consist of scanning a large number of assumptions AVpA / p, ⁇ / ⁇ and retaining the one that provides the smallest mean value of
- Another possibility is to select a hypothesis ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ / ⁇ when the time average of
- minimization algorithms may be applied, for example genetic algorithms or simulated annealing, which do not require gradient calculation and are not trapped in local minima.
- FIG. 5 Such an embodiment is illustrated by FIG. 5, in which left-hand logs V P (t), p (t) as a function of time and a hypothesis ⁇ / ⁇ / ⁇ , ⁇ / ⁇ variation of the parameters in the permeable layers 20, 30.
- FIG. 5 also shows a base seismic trace A B (t) measured before the production of the well.
- This pseudo-trace A ' M (t) is expressed in the time reference of the base time.
- the time scale must be modified to reduce the pseudotrace in the time reference of the monitor time and thus obtain a second pseudo-trace A " M (t) shown in the right part of Figure 5.
- the temporal change of scale is performed in order to compensate for the difference between the depth-time conversion law applicable to the time base (curve 15) and the depth-time conversion law applicable to the monitoring time (curve 16).
- the optimization uses a cost function given by the difference between the measured seismic trace M (t) and the seismic pseudo-trace A " M (t) calculated from FIG. previously described, for example the sum of the squares or the sum of the absolute values of this difference.
- An advantageous embodiment starts from the measured seismic trace and returns it to the reference frame of the base seismic trace.
- subtract from the pseudo-trace obtained the difference A ⁇ (t) computed as before to obtain a pseudo trace A " B (t) expressed in the time reference associated with the base time.
- the cost function intervening in the optimization is then given by the difference between this pseudo-trace A " B (t) and the measured basic seismic trace A B (t).
- FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment variant implementing an approximate method inspired by that of FIG. 5.
- this method is applicable independently of a well. It is particularly applicable to search for the evolution of the parameters Vp, p in geological layers whose positioning along a typically vertical direction is determined according to the reservoir grid determined for the exploitation of the zone considered.
- the modification A (t) of the basic seismic trace expressed in the base time reference is not calculated from logs measured using formulas (2) and (3) above. It is expressed directly according to the impedance variation Alp / lp corresponding to the hypothesis of variation of the propagation velocity V P and the density p:
- the relative amplitude variation ⁇ / ⁇ is approximatively estimated to be proportional to the relative impedance variation ⁇ / ⁇ , the coefficient of proportionality being the wavelet amplitude w (t) representing the incident seismic signal.
- a second pseudo-trace A "M (I) is computed by time scale change to be compared with the measured seismic trace A M (t). then cost function for optimization.
- the trace 18 represented in dotted line corresponds to the first pseudo-trace A '(t) calculated without approximation in the manner described with reference to FIG. 5. It can be seen that the approximate pseudo-trace differs slightly of it near the edges of the permeable layers.
- the speed of propagation of the pressure waves V P and the density p are sufficient to model the propagation of the waves picked up by the detector 12.
- the method described above is also applicable in the case where an offset exists between the source 11 and the detector 12 as represented in FIG. .
- the impedance variation ⁇ ⁇ / ⁇ ⁇ intervening in the approximate method illustrated in FIG. 6 also depends on the speed of propagation of the shear waves Vs via the angle ⁇ of incidence of the wave on the interface:
- the method described above in various embodiments takes advantage of geophysical information (the seismic traces) and information commonly available to reservoir engineers (the layered modeling of the subsoil). It provides a new mode of analysis of 4D seismic data to take into account information a priori on the geological and dynamic behavior of the study area.
- the method described above with reference to Figures 1 to 7 in several variants is a way of estimating elastic parameters at a well or a horizontal position not necessarily materialized by a well.
- a position may be a starting position for a subsequent process of propagation of 4D inversion.
- a network of horizontal positions for example a square network as shown in Figures 8A-B, forming a mesh surface of the studied area of the basement.
- a typical distance between adjacent positions of such a network is of the order of 5 to 200 meters.
- a base seismic trace and a seismic trace monitor were measured during the two successive measurement campaigns for each horizontal position of the mesh network, this network being typically constructed according to the positions of the sources and receivers during measurements.
- the traces considered are zero offset. A non-zero offset occurs in the case where the parameter ⁇ $ is also sought, as discussed previously with reference to FIG. 7.
- FIG. 8A there is shown by way of example two starting positions where wells were drilled, which are marked by black dots in the drawing. These starting positions constitute seeds for the propagation algorithm.
- an estimate of the variations of elastic parameters p, V P (or even V s ) in the underlying permeable layers between the base time and the monitor time is obtained at step 50 of Figure 9, for example according to one of the methods described with reference to Figures 4 to 6. It will be observed that the propagation can also start from a single seed or more than two seeds.
- the positions of the network which are adjacent to a starting position are taken into account to form a set of positions F hereinafter called "border".
- the boundary F corresponds to the positions represented hatched in FIG. 8A.
- the variations of the elastic parameters in the permeable layers are estimated at the 4D inversion step 52.
- the estimate may furthermore relate to the depths and / or thicknesses of the layers permeable to the horizontal positions considered. It proceeds by minimizing a cost function derived from the seismic wave propagation model accounting for the evolution between the base and the monitor seismic traces associated with the considered position of the boundary.
- This cost function is preferably calculated in the manner described above with reference to FIG. 6 for a variation assumption ⁇ , AVp to which it is possible to add changes of positions of the interfaces between layers, that is to say spatial variations. depth and / or thickness.
- the minimization carried out at step 52 at a position of the boundary F considers assumptions of variation of the parameters which are a function of the estimated variations at the starting position adjacent to this position of F. Only beaches are explored. of restricted variation around the values resulting from the minimization that was performed in step 50 at the adjacent starting position, and limited changes in depth and thickness of the permeable layers with respect to the depth and thickness values taken account or determined at the adjacent starting position. This assumes a relative continuity in the values of the parameters when one moves laterally. In other words, it is considered that the rocky layers form relatively homogeneous geological bodies (“geobodies”), of significant extent and of fairly regular shape.
- each position of the boundary F that has been processed in the previous step 52 is marked so that the seismic inversion is not repeated later.
- the marked positions are those which are not blank in Figures 8A and 8B.
- the method verifies whether there are one or more positions in the border F where the cost function minimized in step 52 exceeds a predefined limit value. If such a position is detected, it is removed from F for further processing.
- the limit value is preferably chosen as a function of the value that the cost function had at the starting position adjacent to the position considered in F (for example three times this value), or as a function of the smallest value that had the function at the different starting positions, if any.
- Positions that have been removed from the boundary during a filtering step are marked with the symbol " ⁇ " in the example of Figure 8B.
- the method then comprises an iterative process of propagation of the boundary to estimate step by step the parameters to different network positions.
- step 55 consists in selecting, among the positions of the boundary F, a propagation position for which the cost function minimized in step 52 has the smallest value.
- the selected propagation position is that represented by crossed hatching. This position is a priori the most reliable for continuing the spread of the 4D inversion process.
- the selected position is further removed from the boundary F. The positions thus removed after being selected for propagation are marked with a circle "O" in Fig. 8B.
- a test 56 is performed to determine whether there remains in the network one or more unmarked positions adjacent to the newly selected propagation position. If there remain one or more positions of this type, they are added to the boundary F in step 57 (positions marked with the symbol "+" in Figure 8B).
- step 57 the iterative process returns to step 52 to perform the 4D inversion at the "+" positions that have just been added to the border F. Then the steps 53-56 previously described are chain again, marking only the positions newly added to F and only submitting these new positions to filtering 54.
- test 56 does not reveal any unmarked position of the network adjacent to the propagation position selected in the preceding step 55
- the propagation algorithm described above makes it possible, step by step, to evaluate the elastic parameters and / or the geometry of the layers.
- the propagation is carried out so as to preserve the best possible results for the inversion with limited disturbances of the model.
- the propagation stops when the assumption of relative continuity of parameter values no longer agrees with the measurements.
- This constraint can be hard (the geometry of the grid is fixed and only variations of the elastic parameters p, AVp and / or AV S are tested in step 52) or soft (one allows a disturbance of the geometry of the grid in playing on the thicknesses and / or depths of the layers). In the latter case, the geometry of the reservoir grid is adjusted according to the depths and / or thicknesses of layers estimated in step 52.
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/825,287 US9377549B2 (en) | 2010-09-20 | 2011-09-16 | Method for estimating elastic parameters by inverting 4D seismic measurements |
GB1303338.6A GB2497226B (en) | 2010-09-20 | 2011-09-16 | Method for estimating elastic parameters by inverting 4D seismic measurements |
NO20130516A NO346122B1 (no) | 2010-09-20 | 2011-09-16 | Fremgangsmåte for estimering av elastiske parametere ved å invertere 4D seismiske målinger |
CA2810697A CA2810697A1 (fr) | 2010-09-20 | 2011-09-16 | Procede d'estimation de parametres elastiques par inversion de mesures sismiques 4d |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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FR1057508A FR2965066B1 (fr) | 2010-09-20 | 2010-09-20 | Procede d'estimation de parametres elastiques |
FR1057508 | 2010-09-20 |
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WO2012038647A1 true WO2012038647A1 (fr) | 2012-03-29 |
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PCT/FR2011/052136 WO2012038647A1 (fr) | 2010-09-20 | 2011-09-16 | Procede d'estimation de parametres elastiques par inversion de mesures sismiques 4d |
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US (1) | US9377549B2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2810697A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2965066B1 (fr) |
GB (1) | GB2497226B (fr) |
NO (1) | NO346122B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2012038647A1 (fr) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10132945B2 (en) | 2014-07-11 | 2018-11-20 | Total S.A. | Method for obtaining estimates of a model parameter so as to characterise the evolution of a subsurface volume |
CN109975876A (zh) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-07-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种基于构造层位的井震融合速度模型的建模方法 |
US10379244B2 (en) | 2015-01-06 | 2019-08-13 | Total S.A. | Method for obtaining estimates of a model parameter so as to characterise the evolution of a subsurface volume over a time period |
US10393900B2 (en) | 2014-02-12 | 2019-08-27 | Total S.A. | Process for characterising the evolution of an oil or gas reservoir over time |
US10705237B2 (en) | 2014-07-11 | 2020-07-07 | Total S.A. | Method of constraining an inversion in the characterisation of the evolution of a subsurface volume |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2963111B1 (fr) * | 2010-07-21 | 2012-09-28 | Total Sa | Procede d'estimation de parametres elastiques par inversion de mesures sismiques 4d |
GB2489677A (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2012-10-10 | Total Sa | Characterising the evolution of a reservoir over time from seismic surveys, making allowance for actual propagation paths through non-horizontal layers |
US9020205B2 (en) * | 2012-08-24 | 2015-04-28 | Technoimaging, Llc | Methods of multinary inversion for imaging objects with discrete physical properties |
FR3019908B1 (fr) | 2014-04-14 | 2016-05-06 | Total Sa | Procede de traitement d'images sismiques |
WO2016162717A1 (fr) * | 2015-04-10 | 2016-10-13 | Total Sa | Procédé d'estimation de paramètres élastiques d'un sous-sol |
CN105372705B (zh) * | 2015-10-27 | 2017-10-27 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 一种基于多波资料的地层切片方法 |
EP3540477B1 (fr) * | 2018-03-16 | 2023-05-10 | TotalEnergies OneTech | Estimation de champ de contrainte in situ |
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- 2011-09-16 CA CA2810697A patent/CA2810697A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2011-09-16 US US13/825,287 patent/US9377549B2/en active Active
- 2011-09-16 NO NO20130516A patent/NO346122B1/no unknown
- 2011-09-16 GB GB1303338.6A patent/GB2497226B/en active Active
- 2011-09-16 WO PCT/FR2011/052136 patent/WO2012038647A1/fr active Application Filing
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EP1865340A1 (fr) | 2006-06-06 | 2007-12-12 | Total S.A. | Procédé et programme pour la caractérisation temporelle d'un réservoir de pétrole |
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Cited By (5)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US10393900B2 (en) | 2014-02-12 | 2019-08-27 | Total S.A. | Process for characterising the evolution of an oil or gas reservoir over time |
US10132945B2 (en) | 2014-07-11 | 2018-11-20 | Total S.A. | Method for obtaining estimates of a model parameter so as to characterise the evolution of a subsurface volume |
US10705237B2 (en) | 2014-07-11 | 2020-07-07 | Total S.A. | Method of constraining an inversion in the characterisation of the evolution of a subsurface volume |
US10379244B2 (en) | 2015-01-06 | 2019-08-13 | Total S.A. | Method for obtaining estimates of a model parameter so as to characterise the evolution of a subsurface volume over a time period |
CN109975876A (zh) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-07-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种基于构造层位的井震融合速度模型的建模方法 |
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FR2965066A1 (fr) | 2012-03-23 |
NO20130516A1 (no) | 2013-04-16 |
US9377549B2 (en) | 2016-06-28 |
GB201303338D0 (en) | 2013-04-10 |
NO346122B1 (no) | 2022-03-07 |
GB2497226B (en) | 2016-10-19 |
CA2810697A1 (fr) | 2012-03-29 |
GB2497226A (en) | 2013-06-05 |
US20130176822A1 (en) | 2013-07-11 |
FR2965066B1 (fr) | 2012-10-26 |
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