WO2012037333A2 - Aqueous foaming compositions with high tolerance to hydrocarbons - Google Patents
Aqueous foaming compositions with high tolerance to hydrocarbons Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012037333A2 WO2012037333A2 PCT/US2011/051739 US2011051739W WO2012037333A2 WO 2012037333 A2 WO2012037333 A2 WO 2012037333A2 US 2011051739 W US2011051739 W US 2011051739W WO 2012037333 A2 WO2012037333 A2 WO 2012037333A2
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- carbon atoms
- hydroxyl groups
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- containing heteroatoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
- C09K8/70—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. foams
- C09K8/703—Foams
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/38—Gaseous or foamed well-drilling compositions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to foaming compositions, and particularly to aqueous foaming compositions for use in the presence of liquid hydrocarbons.
- Foams are often used in the petroleum industry such as in drilling, fracturing, hydrocarbon lift or foam assisted lift (FAL) due to advantages offered by their low density and their special rheological behavior.
- high foam stability often in harsh conditions (high temperature, high pressure) is important and a challenge.
- a particular problem is that in these processes very often both water and oil phases are present in high concentrations and the presence of oil (hydrocarbon) is often detrimental to foam stability. This is particularly important in FAL. It is a common problem in gas wells that they get partially plugged by liquid and it is estimated that out of the more than 400,000 gas wells in the US about 80% suffer from liquid loading.
- the most often used gas well deliquification method is to inject foamants (with a capillary or other methods) into the liquid plug so that the gas flow converts it into a foam and drives it out of the well. If the hydrocarbon to water ratio is high (more than about 10-20%) then the hydrocarbons are highly detrimental to foam stability and the currently used foamants cannot create a foam stable enough and the method fails.
- U.S. Patent Publication 2007/0079963 describes a process of producing foam from a wet hydrocarbon, using a foamant comprising a siloxane.
- the siloxane is defined as a polysiloxane, ethoxylated, propoxylated or ethoxylated-propoxylated siloxanes and their combinations.
- the molecular weight of the siloxanes is specified as about 1000 to about 1 ,000,000 daltons and in a preferred range, 6000-60,000 daltons.
- a foaming composition is provided herein.
- the foaming composition comprises:
- aqueous liquid comprises water and minerals (brine),
- the non-aqueous liquid (c) substantially comprises liquid hydrocarbons
- the silicon- containing polyether foamant (b) in the aqueous liquid (a) is defined as
- M B [(R 7 R 8 R 9 Si) k R 10 ]iSi(R") m (R 12 ) n R E ;
- M c [(R , 3 R 14 R 15 Si) 0 R 16 ] p Si(R 17 ) q (R 18 ) r 0 1/2 ;
- R', R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 1 1 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 17 , R 18 , R 19 , R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 and R 24 are each independently selected from the group of OR 25 or monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, optionally containing heteroatoms and hydroxyl groups, having from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, preferably from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms and more preferably from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms;
- R 10 and R 16 are polyvalent linear or branched unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon radicals, optionally containing heteroatoms and hydroxyl groups, subject to the limitation that the valency of R 10 and R 16 is at least one and less than about 30 carbon atoms, preferably less than about 25 carbon atoms, and more preferably less than about 20 carbon atoms;
- R E is a monovalent radical defined as: -R 26 -(C 2 H 4 0) s (C 3 H 6 0) 1 (C 4 H 8 0) ll -R 27 with the provision that the polymer must contain at least one R E group;
- R 25 is a monovalent, linear or branched unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon radical optionally containing heteroatoms and hydroxyl groups, having from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, preferably from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms and more preferably from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms;
- R 26 is oxygen or a divalent, linear or branched unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon radical, optionally containing heteroatoms and hydroxyl groups, with about 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, preferably about 2 to about 25 carbon atoms, more preferably about 2 to about 20 carbon atoms;
- Also provided is a method for removing liquid loading from gas wells comprising adding the foamant produced by the methods described herein to the gas wells and removing stable foam from the gas wells once formed.
- a method for foam fracturing in drilling operations comprising adding the foamant produced according to the methods described herein to the oil well being drilled.
- a method for lifting formation fluids to the surface in oil wells is also provided as part of the present invention. The method comprises adding the foamant produced according to the methods described herein to said oil wells having fluids and lifting said formation fluids to the surface of said oil wells after they combine with said foamant.
- hydrocarbon radicals means any hydrocarbon group from which one or more hydrogen atoms have been removed and is inclusive of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cyclic alkyl, cyclic alkenyl, cyclic alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl and arenyl, and optionally it is substituted with oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur.
- alkyl means any monovalent, saturated, straight, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon group
- alkenyl means any monovalent straight, branched, or cyclic hydrocarbon group containing one or more carbon-carbon double bonds where the site of attachment of the group can be either at a carbon-carbon double bond or elsewhere therein
- alkynyl means any monovalent straight, branched, or cyclic hydrocarbon group containing one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds and, optionally, one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, where the site of attachment of the group can be either at a carbon-carbon triple bond, a carbon-carbon double bond or elsewhere therein.
- alky Is examples include methyl, ethyl, propyl and isobutyl.
- alkenyls include vinyl, propenyl, allyl, methallyl, ethylidenyl norbornane, ethylidene norbornyl, ethylidenyl norbornene and ethylidene norbornenyl.
- alkynyls include acetylenyl, propargyl and methylacetylenyl.
- cyclic alkyl examples include bicyclic, tricyclic and higher cyclic structures as well as the aforementioned cyclic structures further substituted with alkyl, alkenyl, and/or alkynyl groups.
- Representative examples include norbornyl, norbornenyl, ethylnorbornyl, ethylnorbornenyl, cyclohexyl, ethylcyclohexyl, ethylcyclohexenyl, cyclohexylcyclohexyl and cyclododecatrienyl.
- aryl means any monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group
- aralkyl means any alkyl group (as defined herein) in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been substituted by the same number of like and/or different aryl (as defined herein) groups
- arenyl means any aryl group (as defined herein) in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been substituted by the same number of like and/or different alkyl groups (as defined herein).
- aryls include phenyl and naphthalenyl.
- aralkyls include benzyl and phenethyl.
- arenyls include tolyl and xylyl.
- any numerical range recited herein includes all sub-ranges within that range and any combination of the various endpoints of such ranges or sub-ranges.
- any compound, material or substance which is expressly or implicitly disclosed in the specification and/or recited in a claim as belonging to a group of structurally, compositionally and/or functionally related compounds, materials or substances includes individual representatives of the group and all combinations thereof.
- the term "immiscible" means that the two liquids have no or limited solubility in each other.
- emulsions may also contain gases and solids.
- One of the immiscible liquids in an emulsion is generally polar, and often water based and the other liquid is generally non-polar, generally defined as an oil phase.
- the emulsion can be, for example, a water-in-oil, or an oil-in-water emulsion.
- water soluble or dispersible means that the surfactant forms either a clear solution or a hazy, but stable dispersion in deionized water, at 1 % concentration and at 25°C temperature.
- Ranges may be expressed herein as from “about” or “approximately” one particular value and/or to “about” or “approximately” another particular value. When such a range is expressed, another embodiment includes from the one particular value and/or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent "about,” it will be understood that the particular value forms another embodiment.
- the present invention provides for foaming compositions comprising (a) an aqueous liquid;
- aqueous liquid comprises water and minerals (brine),
- the non-aqueous liquid (c) substantially comprises liquid hydrocarbons
- the silicon-containing polyether foamant (b) in the aqueous liquid (a) is defined as
- M R' 2 R 3 SiO
- M B [(R 7 R 8 R 9 Si) k R 10 ]iSi(R' ') m (R 12 ) n R E ;
- M c [(R 13 R 14 R i 5 Si) o R 16 ] p Si(R 17 ) q (R , 8 ) r 0 1/2 ;
- M E R l 9 R 20 R E SiO,/ 2 ;
- T R 24 Si0 3/2 ;
- R 10 and R 16 are polyvalent linear or branched unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon radicals, optionally containing heteroatoms and hydroxyl groups, subject to the limitation that the valency of R 10 and R 16 is at least one and less than about 30 carbon atoms, preferably less than about 25 carbon atoms, and more preferably less than about 20 carbon atoms;
- R E is a monovalent radical defined as: -R ⁇ -CCzH ⁇ s CCsHeO ⁇ HsO , -R 27 with the provision that the polymer must contain at least one R E group;
- R 25 is a monovalent, linear or branched unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon radical optionally containing heteroatoms and hydroxyl groups, having from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, preferably from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms and more preferably from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms;
- R 26 is oxygen or a divalent, linear or branched unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon radical, optionally containing heteroatoms and hydroxyl groups, with about 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, preferably about 2 to about 25 carbon atoms, more preferably about 2 to about 20 carbon atoms;
- Another aspect of the present invention is directed to at least one, water soluble or dispersible, silicon-containing polyether foamant (b), of the present invention comprising the compound having the following formula:
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 21 , R 22 and R 23 are each independently selected from the group of OR 25 or monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, optionally containing heteroatoms and hydroxyl groups, having from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, preferably from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms and more preferably from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms;
- R E is a monovalent radical defined as: -R 26 -(C 2 H 4 0) s (C 3 H 6 0) t (C 4 H 8 0) Ll -R 27 with the provision that the polymer must contain at least one R E group;
- R 25 is a monovalent, linear or branched unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon radical optionally containing heteroatoms and hydroxyl groups, having from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms;
- R is oxygen or a divalent, linear or branched unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon radical, optionally containing heteroatoms and hydroxyl groups, with about 2 to about 20 carbon atoms;
- the present invention is directed to at least one, water soluble or dispersible, silicon-containing polyether foamant (b), of the present invention comprising the compound having the following formula: wherein
- R , R , R , R and R are each independently selected from the group of OR or monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, optionally containing heteroatoms and hydroxyl groups, having from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms;
- R 10 is a polyvalent linear or branched unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon radical, optionally containing heteroatoms and hydroxyl groups, subject to the limitation that the valency of R 10 is at least one and less than about 30 carbon atoms;
- R E is a monovalent radical defined as: -R 26 -(C 2 H 4 0) s (C 3 H 6 0) t (C 4 H 8 0) u -R 27 with the provision that the polymer must contain at least one R E group;
- R 25 is a monovalent, linear or branched unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon radical optionally containing heteroatoms and hydroxyl groups, having from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms;
- R 26 is oxygen or a divalent, linear or branched unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon radical, optionally containing heteroatoms and hydroxyl groups, with about 2 to about 30 carbon atoms;
- R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 17 , R 18 , R 2 ', R 22 and R 23 are each independently selected from the group of OR 25 or monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, optionally containing heteroatoms and hydroxyi groups, having from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms;
- R 16 is a polyvalent linear or branched unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon radicals, optionally containing heteroatoms and hydroxyi groups, subject to the limitation that the valency of R 16 is at least one and less than about 30 carbon atoms;
- R E is a monovalent radical defined as: -R 26 -(C23 ⁇ 40) S (C 3 H 6 0) ( (C 4 H 8 0) U -R 27 with the provision that the polymer must contain at least one R E group;
- R 25 is a monovalent, linear or branched unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon radical optionally containing heteroatoms and hydroxyi groups, having from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms;
- R 26 is oxygen or a divalent, linear or branched unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon radical, optionally containing heteroatoms and hydroxyi groups, with about 2 to about 30 carbon atoms;
- the present invention is directed to at least one, water soluble or dispersible, silicon-containing polyether foamant (b), of the present invention comprising the compound having the following formula:
- R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are each independently selected from the group of OR 25 or monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, optionally containing heteroatoms and hydroxyl groups, having from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms;
- R E is a monovalent radical defined as: - 26 -(C 2 H 4 0) s (C 3 H 6 0) t (C 4 H 8 0) u -R 27 with the provision that the polymer must contain at least one R E group;
- R is a monovalent, linear or branched unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon radical optionally containing heteroatoms and hydroxyl groups, having from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms;
- R is oxygen or a divalent, linear or branched unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon radical, optionally containing heteroatoms and hydroxyl groups, with about 2 to about 30 carbon atoms;
- compositions wherein the aqueous liquid (a) can be essentially pure water, or alternatively, water with varying amounts of solid (particulate) materials, and minerals, salts or other chemicals.
- the non-aqueous liquid of the present invention is any liquid substantially insoluble with the aqueous liquid.
- the non-aqueous liquid can be, for example, linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons.
- the hydrocarbons of the present invention typically contain at least about six carbon atoms and can be unsubstituted, or alternatively, substituted with one or more heteroatom-containing group (e.g., hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl, amide, anhydride, ester, or ether groups) as long as the hydrocarbons remain mainly insoluble with the aqueous liquid.
- non-aqueous liquids include, but are not limited to, halogenated or non-halogenated hydrocarbons having about 2 to about 30 carbons atoms, and more particularly, halogenated or non-halogenated ethenes, butadienes, pentanes, hexanes, heptanes, octanes, benzenes, toluene, ethylbenzenes, xylenes, naphthalene, cresols, naphtha, fats, lubrication oils, petroleum, gasoline, diesel fuel, crude oil, fuel oils, jet fuels, heating oils, cleaning oils, vegetable oils, mineral oils, crude oil, gas condensates and tar or bitumen derivatives.
- the ratio of the aqueous (a) and non-aqueous (c) liquids in the present invention is from about 2.5:97.5 to about 99.9:0.1 by volume.
- the concentration of the water soluble or dispersible, silicon-containing polyether foamant (b), relative to the sum of the aqueous (a) and non-aqueous (c) liquids in the present invention is from about 0.0001 % to about 10%, preferably from about 0.001% to about 5% and more preferably from about 0.005% to about l %.
- compositions of the present invention can comprise not only at least one, water soluble or dispersible, silicon-containing polyether foamant (b), but optionally may contain other, organic or silicone foatnants, which can be water soluble or dispersible or insoluble in water.
- the foamants typically used in the petroleum industry can contain anionic, non- ionic, cationic, zwitterionic or amphoteric surfactants. These foamant can be water-soluble or oil-soluble.
- Typical anionic surfactants may include alkali salts of fatty acids, such as sodium oleate; alcohol sulfates, alcohol ether sulfates, sulfates of ethoxylated alcohols, alkylaryl sulfonates, alkylphenol sulfonates, alkyl ether sulfonates, naphthalene sulfonates, carboxylated alcohol or alkylphenol ethoxylates, sulfosuccinates, amide sulfonates.
- alkali salts of fatty acids such as sodium oleate
- alcohol sulfates, alcohol ether sulfates, sulfates of ethoxylated alcohols such as sodium oleate
- alcohol sulfates, alcohol ether sulfates, sulfates of ethoxylated alcohols such as sodium oleate
- Typical non-ionic surfactants may include silicone polyether copolymers, ethoxylated alcohols, alkylphenol-alkoxylates, polyols, polyether block-copolymers, glycerol esters and polyethers, glycol esters, fatty acids (lauryl acid, oleic acid, stearic acid etc.), alkoxylated fatty acids and fatty esters, sorbitan derivatives, sucrose and glucose esters.
- Typical cationic surfactants may include ethylene diamine alkoxylates, aliphatic and rosin amine alkoxylates, quaternary ammonium salts, alkylpyridinium salts, alkoxylated tallow amines, Gemini, bis or di-quaternary ammonium surfactants, amidopropyltertiary amine salts etc.
- Typical zwitterionic and amphoteric surfactants are amino acid salts, alkylbetains, such as coco-, decyl-, cetyl-, lauryl- or oleyl-betains, amidopropyl betaines, imidazolins and imidazolin derivatives, siilfobetaines, sultaines, aminopropionates, amine oxides etc.
- the concentration of the water soluble or dispersible silicon-containing polyether foamant (b), relative to the total concentration of foamants in the present invention is from about 0.01% to about 100%.
- Foams can be a low cost alternative of drilling liquids to remove drill cuttings from the drill and lift them from the bore or open the formation for oil or gas production.
- An advantage of using foam versus compressed gas is that the foam structure prevents the compressed gas from escaping.
- Another application is in well stimulation, including foam fracturing where the special rheological properties of foams are utilized. Hydrocarbon lift, crude oil lift are other examples.
- An important use of foams is to remove liquid loading from gas wells, the foam assisted lift (FAL).
- the silicon- containing polyether foamant (b), alone or in combination with other foamants and additives, is injected by batch treatment or continuously, through the casing or the annulus or with capillary strings into the loading liquid and the gas of the well to convert this liquid into a foam.
- the gas phase of the foam can be other gases, such as nitrogen, air, methane or any other, suitable gaseous material.
- both aqueous and non-aqueous liquids can be present at the same time and the foam has to be stable for a reasonable amount of time, in the presence of a wide range of aqueous/non-aqueous phase ratios, a wide range of salt concentrations, pressures and temperatures and also it the presence of acids and bases.
- Another possible application of the present foaming compositions is in the flotation processes of oil sand processing or in mining operations.
- a foamant formulation often contains several ingredients other than foamants, such as corrosion inhibitors, antioxidants, biocides, foam boosters; antifreeze agents, such as various glycols, glycerol, paraffin inhibitors, pour point depressants, asphaltene dispersants, scale inhibitors, gas hydrate inhibitors, solvents, such as isopropyl alcohol (IPA), etc.
- antifreeze agents such as various glycols, glycerol, paraffin inhibitors, pour point depressants, asphaltene dispersants, scale inhibitors, gas hydrate inhibitors, solvents, such as isopropyl alcohol (IPA), etc.
- IPA isopropyl alcohol
- compositions of the present invention may be added in the compositions of the present invention including coupling agents, e.g., silane coupling agents, curing aids, e.g., including activators, retarders and accelerators, processing additives such as oils, plasticizers, tackifying resins, silicas, other fillers, pigments, fatty acids, zinc oxide, waxes, antiozonants, peptizing agents, reinforcing materials such as, for example, carbon black; wetting agents, anticorrosion additives, hydrogen sulfide scavengers, biocides and so forth.
- coupling agents e.g., silane coupling agents
- curing aids e.g., including activators, retarders and accelerators
- processing additives such as oils, plasticizers, tackifying resins, silicas, other fillers, pigments, fatty acids, zinc oxide, waxes, antiozonants, peptizing agents, reinforcing materials such as, for example, carbon black;
- the invention includes a foaming method employing any of the compositions described herein.
- the foaming method includes the use of a composition wherein the volume ratio of the aqueous liquid to the non-aqeuaos liquid ranges from about 2.5 :97.5 to 99.9:01.
- the foaming method includes the use of a composition wherein the concentration of the water soluble or dispersible, silicon-containing polyether foamant (b), relative to the sum of the aqueous and non-aqueous liquids is from about 0.0001 % to about 1 0%.
- the foaming method includes the use of a composition wherein said composition includes not only the water soluble or dispersible, silicon- containing polyether foamant (b), but further comprises one or more other, organic or silicone, anionic, non-ionic, cationic, zwitterionic or amphoteric foamants and the weight ratio of the silicon-containing polyether foamant (b) to the total amount of organic and silicone foamants is from about 0.01 % to about 100%.
- the invention includes a method for removing liquid loading from gas wells comprising adding the foamant to said gas wells and removing said stable foam from said gas wells once formed or while being drilled.
- the invention includes a method for lifting formation fluids to the surface in oil wells comprising adding the foamant produced according to the method of claim 12 to said oil wells having fluids and lifting said formation fluids to the surface of said oil wells after they combine with said foamant.
- n-octane and n-decane were purchased from Aldrich.
- the product was transferred to a rotary evaporator and stripped at 90°C for 2 hours at 50 Torr.
- the product was pressure filtered through a 5-micron filter pad.
- the resulting material was a slightly yellow clear fluid at room temperature.
- the average molecular weight and water solubility of the foaming agent product of this example are set forth in Table 1 below.
- Epoxy terminated allyl polyethyleneoxide (8 EO, 25.5 g), 47.5g of heptamethyltrisiloxane and 0.1 g of sodium propionate were combined in a 250 mL, four neck round bottom flask, equipped with a mechanical agitator, a Claisen adapter containing a reflux condenser and a thermometer (with Therm-O- Watch), a nitrogen bypass, and a 100 mL addition funnel.
- the mixture was heated to 90°C and catalyzed with 0.26 mL of chloroplatinic acid solution (1% in ethanol).
- the reaction mixture exothermed at 103°C after one minute.
- polyethyleneoxide was added from the addition funnel at a rate sufficient to maintain the reaction temperature at approximately 100°C.
- the reaction mixture showed no traces of SiH when introduced to a fermentation tube containing KOH/water/ethanol solution.
- the product was then filtered through a fine filter pad stripped on a otovap for 1.5 hours at 70°C and to 1.0 mmHg to afford a clear amber liquid with an epoxy content of 5.1 wt % (100% expected epoxy).
- composition of comparative silicone foaming agents COMP A to COMP G are listed below:
- the foam was prepared by using a Warring blender. One gram of foaming agent was dissolved in the aqueous phase, and then hexane was added to obtain 200 mL of mixture in the blender. The liquid was then stirred with the blender for 30 sec at 1 8,000 rpm and it was observed if a stable foam formed or not.
- Table 2 shows that only a few of the comparative examples, but all the synthetic examples of the invention, provided efficient foaming with both liquids. Except for the foaming agent of Example E, all of the foaming agents of the invention possess molecular weights below 1 ,000 daltons. All of the Comparative foaming agent possessed molecular weights above 1 ,000 and all but Comparative Example G failed with the 3% NaCl solution with hexane.
- the foamant was first dissolved in the aqueous phase before the hydrocarbon was added.
- Hexane, decane or a hydrocarbon mixture containing hexane, decane, octane and cyclohexane, at 1 : 1 : 1 ratio were the hydrocarbon phase and 3% NaCl brine solution as aqueous phase and the volumetric hydrocarbons to brine ratio was 70:30.
- Table 3 shows that the Examples of the invention exhibited good performance with all the hydrocarbons studied, while the comparative example did not form stable enough foams to unload any liquid. Testing Example 3
- Table 4 shows that a high amount of foam formed from all the individual hydrocarbons as well as from their mixture using Example A as foamant.
- Example A was used as a surfactant, at various doses and hexane was used to simulate gas condensates. The same method was used as described in testing example 2.
- the aqueous phase was 3% NaCl solution and the volumetric hydrocarbon to brine ratio was 70:30 by volume.
- Example A was an effective liquid unloading foamant from as low as about 0.1 g/1 00ml concentration.
- Example A worked as an effective foaming agent at any condensate/brine ratio if aqueous phase was present in the mixture.
- Table 7 shows that the examples of our invention worked as effective foaming agents at elevated temperature.
- the siloxane of the present invention provides superior results with a molecular weight below 1 ,000 daltons.
- the molecular weight ranged from 725 (Example C) to 970 (Example A), all of which achieved foaming.
- Patent Publication 2007/0079963 wherein a polysiloxane having a molecular weight of 600 failed to achieve foaming.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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RU2013117100/03A RU2528801C1 (en) | 2010-09-16 | 2011-09-15 | Aqueous foam making compositions compatible with hydrocarbons |
EP11825928.2A EP2616635A4 (en) | 2010-09-16 | 2011-09-15 | Aqueous foaming compositions with high tolerance to hydrocarbons |
CA2809280A CA2809280C (en) | 2010-09-16 | 2011-09-15 | Aqueous foaming compositions with high tolerance to hydrocarbons |
MX2013002783A MX2013002783A (en) | 2010-09-16 | 2011-09-15 | Aqueous foaming compositions with high tolerance to hydrocarbons. |
BR112013005524A BR112013005524A2 (en) | 2010-09-16 | 2011-09-15 | high hydrocarbon tolerant aqueous foaming compositions |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US12/883,368 | 2010-09-16 | ||
US12/883,368 US8524641B2 (en) | 2010-09-16 | 2010-09-16 | Aqueous foaming compositions with high tolerance to hydrocarbons |
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WO2012037333A2 true WO2012037333A2 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
WO2012037333A3 WO2012037333A3 (en) | 2013-07-11 |
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US (1) | US8524641B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2616635A4 (en) |
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CA (1) | CA2809280C (en) |
MX (1) | MX2013002783A (en) |
RU (1) | RU2528801C1 (en) |
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EP2718389B1 (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2018-10-31 | Dow Global Technologies LLC | Method for enhanced oil recovery, using modified nonionic surfactant formulations |
CN113845893B (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2023-03-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Salt-resistant low-tension foaming agent composition and preparation method and application thereof |
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GB0304602D0 (en) * | 2003-02-28 | 2003-04-02 | Mbt Holding Ag | Method and composition |
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-
2010
- 2010-09-16 US US12/883,368 patent/US8524641B2/en active Active
-
2011
- 2011-09-15 CA CA2809280A patent/CA2809280C/en active Active
- 2011-09-15 EP EP11825928.2A patent/EP2616635A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-09-15 WO PCT/US2011/051739 patent/WO2012037333A2/en active Application Filing
- 2011-09-15 MX MX2013002783A patent/MX2013002783A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2011-09-15 RU RU2013117100/03A patent/RU2528801C1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-09-15 BR BR112013005524A patent/BR112013005524A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of EP2616635A4 * |
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WO2012037333A3 (en) | 2013-07-11 |
US8524641B2 (en) | 2013-09-03 |
EP2616635A4 (en) | 2014-04-16 |
US20120067586A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
RU2528801C1 (en) | 2014-09-20 |
BR112013005524A2 (en) | 2016-05-03 |
MX2013002783A (en) | 2013-04-24 |
CA2809280A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
CA2809280C (en) | 2016-01-05 |
EP2616635A2 (en) | 2013-07-24 |
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