WO2012032366A1 - Membrane roofs suspended over moment free arches - Google Patents

Membrane roofs suspended over moment free arches Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012032366A1
WO2012032366A1 PCT/HU2011/000106 HU2011000106W WO2012032366A1 WO 2012032366 A1 WO2012032366 A1 WO 2012032366A1 HU 2011000106 W HU2011000106 W HU 2011000106W WO 2012032366 A1 WO2012032366 A1 WO 2012032366A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
arch
membrane
cable
arches
suspension
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/HU2011/000106
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Arpad Kolozsvary - Kiss
Original Assignee
Kolozsvary-Kiss Arpad
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kolozsvary-Kiss Arpad filed Critical Kolozsvary-Kiss Arpad
Publication of WO2012032366A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012032366A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B7/14—Suspended roofs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
    • E04H15/18—Tents having plural sectional covers, e.g. pavilions, vaulted tents, marquees, circus tents; Plural tents, e.g. modular
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
    • E04H15/32—Parts, components, construction details, accessories, interior equipment, specially adapted for tents, e.g. guy-line equipment, skirts, thresholds
    • E04H15/322—Stretching devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to clear-span roof structures, supported by arches, which do not have bending moments.
  • the invention is related to an earlier, patented invention by the same inventor, titled “ROOF ARCHES WITHOUT BENDING MOMENTS”.
  • the earlier invention suspends a tensioned membrane roof underneath the arches, by means of a continuous suspension mechanism, which converts nature's asymmetrical and random roof loads to symmetrical and identical, concentrated arch loads.
  • the centerline of the polygonal arch is designed to coincide with the constant, polygonal pressure line of these concentrated loads, therefore the arch is free of bending moments.
  • the present invention utilizes a similar, continuous suspension mechanism concept, to keep the arches moment free.
  • the present invention is reversing the relative positions of the roof membrane and its supporting arches, placing the membrane over the arches from which the membrane still remains suspended.
  • the present invention is also adding unique structural members to make the said suspension reversal possible.
  • the roof membrane of the earlier invention is hanging below the supporting arches, by means of a special suspension mechanism. This means, that by being on top of the roof membrane, the arches and the entire suspension mechanism are fully exposed to the elements.
  • a special suspension mechanism In order to protect both the suspension mechanism and the arches from corrosion by rain, and to prevent the suspension cables and the pulleys from being clogged by ice, sand or other airborne matter, there is a need for additional, protective fabric covers, to be placed over the arches. However, such covers would create sharp ridges in the roof, transmitting lateral wind load to the arches, and causing horizontal bending moments in the arches.
  • the invention places additional, upright compression elements between the membrane above and the suspension mechanism below. Since these compression elements are supported only by cables, they are functioning as floating masts.
  • a floating mast may be a single post, or two posts forming a V shape, or some other type of construction, that is suitable for transferring the roof load from the cable grid of the membrane above, to a lower pulley of the suspension mechanism below.
  • Fig. 1 is an isometric view of such a roof structure, in which ten concentric arches are supporting twenty tensioned membrane sections between them.
  • the hyperbolic double curvature of each membrane section is visualized by the lines of its reinforcing cable grid, representing one of the possible cable arrangements.
  • the cable grid of five of the membrane sections is not shown, in order to expose the diagonal cable ties extended between adjacent arches.
  • Fig. 2 is a fragmentary side view of the end of one of the arches shown in Fig. 1.
  • Each suspension unit as seen in Fig. 2., consists of three identical, co-planar blocks or pulleys.
  • the two upper pulleys 6 are rotationally secured to a pair of coupling plates 9, which are suspended from the top of the arch by hinges, said coupling plates maintaining the positions of the pulleys relative to each other, and allowing the pulleys to tilt out of their initial, vertical plane.
  • the space between the upper pulleys 6 is slightly larger than their diameter, allowing the identical third, lower pulley 7 to rise up between them to its highest position.
  • the two coupling plates 9 are so constructed, that at their ends they are supporting the two upper pulleys, and in the middle of the plates sufficient space is provided between the coupling plates and the two upper pulleys, to accommodate the insertion of the floating mast 8, and its tilting within the design limits.
  • Fig. 3 shows an enlarged cross section of the arch, taken at one of the break points of the polygonal arch. It shows, that the centerline of the arch, the floating masts, the ridge cable and the suspension cable are designed to be in the same vertical arch plane, when the roof membrane has no live loads.
  • the ridge cable connects the two adjoining sections of the roof membrane 10, which may be reinforced by cable grids, and which are post-tensioned to the shape of doubly curved, hyperbolic surfaces, as seen in Fig. 1. Post-tensioning the membrane is done by tensioning the suspension cable with its two end drums, which raises the floating masts, and thereby also tensions the ridge cable on top of the masts.
  • Fig. 4 shows another, alternate embodiment of the invention.
  • the arch truss 11 has a triangular cross section
  • the floating mast is comprised of two inclined posts 12, forming a V shape, and of a horizontal tie cable 13, tying the two post tops to each other.
  • the triangular floating mast assembly there are two, parallel ridge cables 14, secured to the two top corners of the floating mast.
  • the upper pulleys of the suspension unit are connected by their coupling plates directly to the top chord of the truss 11.
  • the lower pulley is secured to the inside of the bottom corner of the triangular floating mast assembly.
  • the two embodiments of the invention work the same way.
  • the triangular floating mast may also be used with an arch made of a single tube, positioned in place of the upper chord of the triangular arch cross section, shown in Fig 3.
  • Such single tube can have relatively small cross section to carry the axial compression force of the arch.
  • the diagonal tie cables 15, being underneath the structural roof membrane, may also support a second layer of light membrane, to be used for thermal insulation, air circulation, snow melting, and also as a permanent safety net, which is needed especially during installation or replacement of the roof panels attached to the cable grid.
  • Fig. 1 shows a possible arrangement of the cable grids of the three sided roof sections, which are supported along their two long sides by the ridge cables 2, and on the third side by the base catenary cable 16, which is anchored to the arch supports.
  • all of its cable grid sections are pre-stressed, by simultaneously tensioning all of the suspension cables with their two cable drums, secured to the arch ends. Tensioning the suspension cables compresses and pushes the floating masts upward, thereby tensioning the ridge cables attached to the top ends of the masts, and pre-stressing both curvatures of the cable grids.
  • the contour of the ridge cable can be different from the contour of the arch. For instance, while the curvature of the arch is horizontal at the center, by increasing the length of the floating masts closer to the center, a peak can be created in the membrane, which facilitates snow sliding and melting.
  • a further advantage of positioning the membrane over the arches is, that it helps maintaining clean air inside the dome, when its surrounding environment is heavily polluted. In this case gravitational air intake and exhaust must both take place at high elevations, but at different levels.
  • One solution may be to use a double chimney at the center of the dome. Such chimney would be difficult to extend through the arches, but it will be relatively simple to start it above the arches, supported by floating masts and guyed to the ridge cables.
  • a further advantage of the present invention is, that wile the clear span of a membrane roof, which is suspended below its supporting arches, is shorter than the clear span of the arches, by placing the membrane above the arches, the clear span of the membrane can be extended beyond the span of its arches.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Tents Or Canopies (AREA)

Abstract

A dome type clear-span roof construction, having at least one polygonal, box truss arch 1, and a pre-stressed, doubly curved membrane cover 10, placed above the arch to protect it, yet being suspended from it structurally, by the following means: Anchored to both ends of the arch, a suspension cable 5 is taken over two upper pulleys 6 secured to the inside of the truss top at each break point, and under a lower pulley 7 suspended between the upper pulleys. A floating mast 8, its bottom being secured to the lower pulley, and its top to the membrane's ridge cable 2, transfers the roof loads down to the suspension mechanism, thereby converting the random membrane loads into concentrated, identical arch loads. The centerline of the polygonal arch coincides with the constant pressure line of its concentrated loads, which therefore do not cause bending moments in the arch.

Description

MEMBRANE ROOFS SUSPENDED OVER MOMENT FREE ARCHES
FIELD OF INVENTION
The invention relates to clear-span roof structures, supported by arches, which do not have bending moments.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention is related to an earlier, patented invention by the same inventor, titled "ROOF ARCHES WITHOUT BENDING MOMENTS". The earlier invention suspends a tensioned membrane roof underneath the arches, by means of a continuous suspension mechanism, which converts nature's asymmetrical and random roof loads to symmetrical and identical, concentrated arch loads. The centerline of the polygonal arch is designed to coincide with the constant, polygonal pressure line of these concentrated loads, therefore the arch is free of bending moments.
The present invention utilizes a similar, continuous suspension mechanism concept, to keep the arches moment free. However, the present invention is reversing the relative positions of the roof membrane and its supporting arches, placing the membrane over the arches from which the membrane still remains suspended. The present invention is also adding unique structural members to make the said suspension reversal possible.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The roof membrane of the earlier invention is hanging below the supporting arches, by means of a special suspension mechanism. This means, that by being on top of the roof membrane, the arches and the entire suspension mechanism are fully exposed to the elements. In order to protect both the suspension mechanism and the arches from corrosion by rain, and to prevent the suspension cables and the pulleys from being clogged by ice, sand or other airborne matter, there is a need for additional, protective fabric covers, to be placed over the arches. However, such covers would create sharp ridges in the roof, transmitting lateral wind load to the arches, and causing horizontal bending moments in the arches.
To protect the arches and the suspension mechanisms from all adverse external effects, without losing the advantage of having moment free arches, the ideal solution would be to position the membrane on top of the arches, but still keep the membrane suspended from the arches by the multiple pulley suspension mechanism. This seemingly impossible contradiction (that is to suspend A from B while A is above B) requires an inventive solution. The invention, which is disclosed in the present Application, creates that solution.
To reverse the relative positions of membrane and arch, but still keep the suspension mechanism converting the random loads of the membrane into identical arch loads, the invention places additional, upright compression elements between the membrane above and the suspension mechanism below. Since these compression elements are supported only by cables, they are functioning as floating masts. Such a floating mast may be a single post, or two posts forming a V shape, or some other type of construction, that is suitable for transferring the roof load from the cable grid of the membrane above, to a lower pulley of the suspension mechanism below.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention builds tensioned membrane structures, supported by arches that have polygonal curvature. Fig. 1 is an isometric view of such a roof structure, in which ten concentric arches are supporting twenty tensioned membrane sections between them. The hyperbolic double curvature of each membrane section is visualized by the lines of its reinforcing cable grid, representing one of the possible cable arrangements. The cable grid of five of the membrane sections is not shown, in order to expose the diagonal cable ties extended between adjacent arches. Fig. 2 is a fragmentary side view of the end of one of the arches shown in Fig. 1. It shows the polygonal trussed arch 1 with a rectangular cross section, the roofs ridge cable 2 above the arch, and the foundation support 3, to which both the arch and the ridge cable are anchored. Near the end of the arch a cable tensioning drum 4 is rotationally secured to the inside of the arch. Attached to the drum is one end of the suspension cable 5, which is extended underneath the top of the box truss of the arch. At each break point of the arch the suspension cable 5 is taken around an upper pulley 6, a lower pulley 7, and another upper pulley 6, thereby forming the block-and-tackle type suspension unit of the structure.
Inserted through the center of the arch ] at each break point, there is a floating mast 8, the bottom of the mast being secured to the lower pulley 7 of the suspension unit, and the top of the mast being secured to the ridge cable 2. These floating masts are the unique means making the suspension reversal possible: they are transferring the structure's loads from the roof above, to the suspension units below. The floating masts and the suspension units together are creating the suspension mechanism, which is unique, in that it is at a lower elevation than the loads which are suspended from it.
Each suspension unit, as seen in Fig. 2., consists of three identical, co-planar blocks or pulleys. The two upper pulleys 6 are rotationally secured to a pair of coupling plates 9, which are suspended from the top of the arch by hinges, said coupling plates maintaining the positions of the pulleys relative to each other, and allowing the pulleys to tilt out of their initial, vertical plane. The space between the upper pulleys 6 is slightly larger than their diameter, allowing the identical third, lower pulley 7 to rise up between them to its highest position. The two coupling plates 9 are so constructed, that at their ends they are supporting the two upper pulleys, and in the middle of the plates sufficient space is provided between the coupling plates and the two upper pulleys, to accommodate the insertion of the floating mast 8, and its tilting within the design limits.
Fig. 3 shows an enlarged cross section of the arch, taken at one of the break points of the polygonal arch. It shows, that the centerline of the arch, the floating masts, the ridge cable and the suspension cable are designed to be in the same vertical arch plane, when the roof membrane has no live loads. The ridge cable connects the two adjoining sections of the roof membrane 10, which may be reinforced by cable grids, and which are post-tensioned to the shape of doubly curved, hyperbolic surfaces, as seen in Fig. 1. Post-tensioning the membrane is done by tensioning the suspension cable with its two end drums, which raises the floating masts, and thereby also tensions the ridge cable on top of the masts.
Fig. 4 shows another, alternate embodiment of the invention. Here the arch truss 11 has a triangular cross section, and the floating mast is comprised of two inclined posts 12, forming a V shape, and of a horizontal tie cable 13, tying the two post tops to each other. For this triangular floating mast assembly there are two, parallel ridge cables 14, secured to the two top corners of the floating mast. The upper pulleys of the suspension unit are connected by their coupling plates directly to the top chord of the truss 11. The lower pulley is secured to the inside of the bottom corner of the triangular floating mast assembly. In all other respects the two embodiments of the invention work the same way.
In addition to truss arches with rectangular and triangular cross sections, there are other arch constructions possible, which are not shown. For instance, the triangular floating mast may also be used with an arch made of a single tube, positioned in place of the upper chord of the triangular arch cross section, shown in Fig 3. Such single tube can have relatively small cross section to carry the axial compression force of the arch.
Lateral buckling of such slender arches is prevented by tying each arch laterally to its neighbor arches and to their foundations, by diagonal tie cables 15, as shown in Fig. 1.
The diagonal tie cables 15, being underneath the structural roof membrane, may also support a second layer of light membrane, to be used for thermal insulation, air circulation, snow melting, and also as a permanent safety net, which is needed especially during installation or replacement of the roof panels attached to the cable grid. Fig. 1 shows a possible arrangement of the cable grids of the three sided roof sections, which are supported along their two long sides by the ridge cables 2, and on the third side by the base catenary cable 16, which is anchored to the arch supports.
To complete the installation of a typical structure of the invention, all of its cable grid sections are pre-stressed, by simultaneously tensioning all of the suspension cables with their two cable drums, secured to the arch ends. Tensioning the suspension cables compresses and pushes the floating masts upward, thereby tensioning the ridge cables attached to the top ends of the masts, and pre-stressing both curvatures of the cable grids.
By eliminating all bending and buckling, and by subjecting all structural components to pure compression or tension, very light and very stable dome structures of unprecedented dimensions are created.
As already stated, one of the major advantages of positioning the membrane on top of the arches, while still suspending it from the arches, is that by having the arches and the suspension mechanism inside the membrane, they are protected from the elements.
Another significant advantage is, that by using floating masts of varying lengths, the contour of the ridge cable can be different from the contour of the arch. For instance, while the curvature of the arch is horizontal at the center, by increasing the length of the floating masts closer to the center, a peak can be created in the membrane, which facilitates snow sliding and melting.
A further advantage of positioning the membrane over the arches is, that it helps maintaining clean air inside the dome, when its surrounding environment is heavily polluted. In this case gravitational air intake and exhaust must both take place at high elevations, but at different levels. One solution may be to use a double chimney at the center of the dome. Such chimney would be difficult to extend through the arches, but it will be relatively simple to start it above the arches, supported by floating masts and guyed to the ridge cables.
A further advantage of the present invention is, that wile the clear span of a membrane roof, which is suspended below its supporting arches, is shorter than the clear span of the arches, by placing the membrane above the arches, the clear span of the membrane can be extended beyond the span of its arches.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:
(1) An arch-supported tensioned membrane roof structure, comprising a polygonal arch support, a doubly curved, cable reinforced flexible membrane cover, the membrane being elevated over the said arch and being supported by the arch through means of floating masts, which are positioned at each of the break points of the polygonal arch support, a single, continuous suspension cable, the two ends of the cable being secured by adjustable tensioning means to the arch's end supports, at each break point of the polygonal arch the suspension cable being taken alternately through an upper, a lower, and an upper pulley, the two upper pulleys of each such suspension unit being co-planar with the arch and being flexibly secured to the arch at its break point, and the lower pulley being suspended between the upper pulleys by means of the suspension cable, the pulleys and the cable together forming the suspension means, a plurality of floating masts, each one comprised of at least one straight post, the lower end of the mast being secured to the lower pulley of the suspension means, the upper end of the mast being secured to the roof membrane's ridge cable, thereby the floating masts and the suspension means together are functioning as the structure's suspension mechanism, which converts the roof structure's random external loads into concentrated and identical internal loads, and the polygonal supporting arch having its centerline designed to coincide with the resultant pressure line of its concentrated, identical loads, which are transferred from the membrane cover to the arch by the said suspension mechanism.
(2) A roof structure according to Claim 1, comprising a plurality of polygonal
supporting arches. A roof structure according to Claim 2, in which the arches are in parallel planes.
A roof structure according to Claim 2, in which the arches are in intersecting planes and are connected to each other at the apex of the structure.
A roof structure according to Claim 2, in which the adjacent arches are tied to each other by guy cables.
A roof structure according to Claim 2, in which the membrane cover is made of a flexible material.
A roof structure according to Claim 2, in which the membrane cover is reinforced with a tensioned grid of cables.
A roof structure according to Claim 2, in which the membrane cover is made of a tensioned grid of cables with roof panels secured thereto.
PCT/HU2011/000106 2010-09-10 2011-11-09 Membrane roofs suspended over moment free arches WO2012032366A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
HUP1000493 2010-09-10
HU1000493A HUP1000493A2 (en) 2010-09-10 2010-09-10 Membrane roofs suspended over moment free arches

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012032366A1 true WO2012032366A1 (en) 2012-03-15

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WO (1) WO2012032366A1 (en)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103883135A (en) * 2012-12-21 2014-06-25 中国核工业第五建设有限公司 Finished product protector for use in construction process of AP1000 reactor building interior structure
CN104631621A (en) * 2015-02-15 2015-05-20 中国建筑西南设计研究院有限公司 Saddle-shaped cable carrier single-layer latticed shell structure
CN104652680A (en) * 2015-02-15 2015-05-27 中国建筑西南设计研究院有限公司 Rope towing single-layered net shell structure
CN109235899A (en) * 2018-09-30 2019-01-18 厦门立格钢构技术有限公司 Rope branch dome method for applying prestressing force
CN110206366A (en) * 2019-06-04 2019-09-06 中国航空规划设计研究总院有限公司 A kind of arch large-span prestressed steel structure and its construction method
RU2705689C1 (en) * 2019-06-10 2019-11-11 Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Балтийский федеральный университет имени Иммануила Канта" (БФУ им. И. Канта) Metal support for fixation of non-continuous guy in pendant coatings of buildings (structures)
CN111021555A (en) * 2019-12-31 2020-04-17 北京城建集团有限责任公司 Manufacturing method of bent and twisted multi-tube bolt welding combined node

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109826356B (en) * 2019-01-17 2023-10-31 上海海事大学 Rotary hyperboloid sunflower-type cable dome

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4982534A (en) * 1989-05-19 1991-01-08 Mitsui Construction Co., Ltd. Suspended membrane structure
WO2006136867A1 (en) * 2005-06-21 2006-12-28 Kolozsvary-Kiss Arpad Roof arches without bending moments

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4982534A (en) * 1989-05-19 1991-01-08 Mitsui Construction Co., Ltd. Suspended membrane structure
WO2006136867A1 (en) * 2005-06-21 2006-12-28 Kolozsvary-Kiss Arpad Roof arches without bending moments

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103883135A (en) * 2012-12-21 2014-06-25 中国核工业第五建设有限公司 Finished product protector for use in construction process of AP1000 reactor building interior structure
CN103883135B (en) * 2012-12-21 2016-07-06 中国核工业第五建设有限公司 AP1000 reactor building internal structure building course finished product protection device
CN104631621A (en) * 2015-02-15 2015-05-20 中国建筑西南设计研究院有限公司 Saddle-shaped cable carrier single-layer latticed shell structure
CN104652680A (en) * 2015-02-15 2015-05-27 中国建筑西南设计研究院有限公司 Rope towing single-layered net shell structure
CN104652680B (en) * 2015-02-15 2017-03-22 中国建筑西南设计研究院有限公司 Rope towing single-layered net shell structure
CN109235899A (en) * 2018-09-30 2019-01-18 厦门立格钢构技术有限公司 Rope branch dome method for applying prestressing force
CN110206366A (en) * 2019-06-04 2019-09-06 中国航空规划设计研究总院有限公司 A kind of arch large-span prestressed steel structure and its construction method
RU2705689C1 (en) * 2019-06-10 2019-11-11 Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Балтийский федеральный университет имени Иммануила Канта" (БФУ им. И. Канта) Metal support for fixation of non-continuous guy in pendant coatings of buildings (structures)
CN111021555A (en) * 2019-12-31 2020-04-17 北京城建集团有限责任公司 Manufacturing method of bent and twisted multi-tube bolt welding combined node
CN111021555B (en) * 2019-12-31 2021-04-30 北京城建集团有限责任公司 Manufacturing method of bent and twisted multi-tube bolt welding combined node

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Publication number Publication date
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