WO2012032219A1 - Arrangement for connecting a pipe to a lng tank - Google Patents

Arrangement for connecting a pipe to a lng tank Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012032219A1
WO2012032219A1 PCT/FI2011/050758 FI2011050758W WO2012032219A1 WO 2012032219 A1 WO2012032219 A1 WO 2012032219A1 FI 2011050758 W FI2011050758 W FI 2011050758W WO 2012032219 A1 WO2012032219 A1 WO 2012032219A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pipe
tank
wall
inner shell
shell
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI2011/050758
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Sören KARLSSON
Original Assignee
Wärtsilä Finland Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wärtsilä Finland Oy filed Critical Wärtsilä Finland Oy
Priority to CN2011800430042A priority Critical patent/CN103154593A/en
Priority to KR1020137007731A priority patent/KR20130114105A/en
Priority to KR1020147029711A priority patent/KR101545829B1/en
Priority to JP2013527652A priority patent/JP5548313B2/en
Priority to EP11770839.6A priority patent/EP2614288A1/en
Publication of WO2012032219A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012032219A1/en
Priority to US13/791,004 priority patent/US9664317B2/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/002—Storage in barges or on ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/08—Mounting arrangements for vessels
    • F17C13/082—Mounting arrangements for vessels for large sea-borne storage vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L23/00—Flanged joints
    • F16L23/003—Auxiliary devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/38—Apparatus or methods specially adapted for use on marine vessels, for handling power plant or unit liquids, e.g. lubricants, coolants, fuels or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L39/00—Joints or fittings for double-walled or multi-channel pipes or pipe assemblies
    • F16L39/04—Joints or fittings for double-walled or multi-channel pipes or pipe assemblies allowing adjustment or movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0337—Granular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0337—Granular
    • F17C2203/0341—Perlite
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0629—Two walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F17C2203/0643—Stainless steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0335—Check-valves or non-return valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0352—Pipes
    • F17C2205/0355—Insulation thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0352—Pipes
    • F17C2205/0367—Arrangements in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
    • F17C2209/221—Welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/23—Manufacturing of particular parts or at special locations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/07—Generating electrical power as side effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement for connecting a double-walled pipe of stainless steel to a LNG tank having an inner shell of stainless steel and an outer shell spaced apart from the inner shell, the said inner and outer shells defining an isolation space therebetween.
  • LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
  • natural gas NG
  • CH4 methane
  • propane In normal ambient conditions NG is a gas, but it can be liquefied by cooling it down to -162°C.
  • LNG is stored in cylindrical, double-walled, insulated stainless steel tanks.
  • the tank pressure is defined by the requirement of the engines burning the gas and is usually less than 5 bar.
  • a higher (typically 9 bar) tank design pressure is selected due to the natural boil-off phenomenon.
  • Fig. 1 discloses schematically a known LNG installation for a ship 20.
  • LNG is stored in a cylindrically shaped pressurized storage tank 1.
  • the tank consists of a stainless steel inner shell, which is designed for an internal pressure, and an outer shell that acts as a secondary barrier.
  • the outer shell can be made of either stainless steel or carbon steel.
  • the tank is insulated with perlite/vacuum.
  • Reference numeral 24 denotes a bunkering station from which LNG is led to the tank 1 via insulated pipes.
  • the tank room 4 is a stainless steel barrier welded to the outer vessel of the tank 1.
  • the tank room acts as a barrier that avoids damage to the external compartments, and facilitates quick ventilation of the evaporated gas.
  • the LNG from the tank is evaporated and fed via a gas valve unit 21 to the engines.
  • Fig. 1 is only to show an exemplary schematic arrangement for a LNG installation and, therefore, there is no detailed explanation of a control system, thrusters, propulsion units or other necessary implements required in ships.
  • NG is a safe fuel when the right precautions are taken.
  • Gaseous NG is lighter than air, which means that in case of a leakage, the gas will disperse upwards and not build up in the ship's bilge.
  • the ignition temperature of NG is relatively high (600°C) compared with diesel oil (250°C), and NG is flammable only within a small concentration range between 5% and 15% of air.
  • the gas fuel system of a ship includes liquid storage tanks, a vaporiser, a gas valve unit, piping and a bunkering system.
  • the storage tank and associated valves and piping should be located in a space designed to act as a second barrier in case of liquid or compressed gas leakage.
  • the material of the bulkheads of this space should have the same design temperature as the gas tank, and the space should be designed to withstand the maximum pressure build-up or alternatively, pressure relief venting to a safe location (mast) may be provided.
  • the space should be capable of containing a leakage and be thermally isolated so that the surrounding hull is not exposed to unacceptable cooling in case of a leakage of liquid or compressed gas.
  • a 'tank room' is associated with a storage tank and contains the equipment to convert the liquid into a gas for safe delivery to the engines.
  • the tank room is also considered a 'secondary barrier' since liquid pipes are inside it.
  • the piping between the LNG tank and the tank room is double-walled and conventionally pipes are arranged to go through the outer shell of the LNG tank and pass into the space between the inner and outer shells of the LNG tank before they are connected to the inner shell, preferably by welding.
  • This conventional arrangement is functional as such but it requires that the outer shell of the LNG tank is made of stainless steel since all connections to the inner shell should be inside a stainless steel cover.
  • An aim of the present invention is to provide an improved solution for connecting pipes to the LNG tank.
  • bellows of stainless steel as a pipe fitting between the inner shell of the LNG tank and the outer wall of the pipe it is possible to absorb relative movement in the piping system due to difference in temperature between the outer wall of the pipe and the inner shell of the tank.
  • the materials utilized for the bellows are stainless steels, preferably austenitic type steels.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic vertical cross-section of a ship using LNG as fuel.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic vertical cross-section of a part of a LNG tank and a tank room associated therewith according to an embodiment of the invention, is an enlarged view of a part of Fig. 2 showing details of the pipe penetration into the tank,
  • a LNG tank 1 comprises an inner shell 2 and an outer shell 3 defining an isolation space 14 therebetween.
  • the isolation space 14 is under vacuum and/or filled with isolation material, such as perlite or vermiculite.
  • a tank room 4 containing the equipment (not shown) for converting the liquid into a gas for safe delivery to the engines, is associated with the tank 1, the equipment being in fluid connection with the tank via double-walled pipes to the tank.
  • the inner pipes 8 are spaced apart from each others as well from the outer wall 9 defining an isolation space 15 therebetween.
  • the isolation space 15 is, similarly to the isolation space 14 of the tank 1, under vacuum and/or filled with isolation material, such as perlite or vermiculite.
  • isolation material such as perlite or vermiculite.
  • the common outer wall 9 of the pipes is provided with a first connection flange 11 to which a bellows 10 is connected by welding.
  • the bellows 10 is welded at its other end to the inner shell 2 of the tank 1.
  • the inner pipes 8 are welded directly to the inner shell 2 of the tank.
  • the outer shell 3 of the tank is provided with a feedthrough opening for the pipe and along the peripheral of the opening with a second connection flange 12 extending outwardly from the outer shell 3.
  • the first and second connection flanges are aligned and provided with an isolation and/or sealing member 13 therebetween.
  • the bellows 10 and inner pipes 8 and outer wall 9 are of cold resistant materials, preferably stainless steels, but the material for the outer shell 3 of the tank 1 may be carbon steel due to the use of the protective bellows of stainless steel around the pipe feedthrough to the inside of the tank.
  • the use of carbon steel for the outer shell will substantially reduce the manufacturing costs.
  • Fig. 4 In a further embodiment of Fig. 4 is shown an additional shell structure of carbon steel around the tank room 4 to give added stiffness and to facilitate mounting. It also gives enhanced protection for the tank room environment.
  • Fig. 5 In a still further embodiment of Fig. 5 is shown also an additional lower shell structure 7 of carbon steel which gives increased protection for the pipe.
  • Fig. 6 shows a further embodiment of the present invention.
  • Pipe 19 for top connection is located in a pipe trunk 16 extending to the center of the tank.
  • Pipe trunk 16 is connected to the outer shell 3 of the tank 1 via bellows 17 by a similar flange arrangement 18 as for the bellows 10 comprising flanges 11 and 12 and an isolation and/or sealing member 13 therebetween.
  • the embodiment of Fig. 6 can be provided also with similar additional shell structures 5 and/or 7 as shown in Figs. 4 and 5.
  • Pipe 19 and pipe trunk 16 are also of cold resistant materials, preferably stainless steels.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

The invention is related to an arrangement for connecting at least one double-walled pipe of stainless steel to a LNG tank (1) having an inner shell (2) of stainless steel and an outer shell (3) spaced at a distance from the inner shell (2), the said inner and outer shells defining an isolation space (14) therebetween. The at least one double-walled pipe comprises a common outer wall (9) and at least one inner pipe (8). The outer wall (9) of the pipe is connected to the inner shell (2) of the tank in such a way that the said outer wall (9) and/or a pipe fitting (10) of cold resistant material between the said inner shell (2) and the outer wall (9) is arranged to compensate for changes in the length of the outer wall (9) of the pipe and/or of the pipe fitting (10) due to temperature differences between the outer wall (9) of the pipe and the inner shell (2) of the tank.

Description

Arrangement for connecting a pipe to a LNG tank
The invention relates to an arrangement for connecting a double-walled pipe of stainless steel to a LNG tank having an inner shell of stainless steel and an outer shell spaced apart from the inner shell, the said inner and outer shells defining an isolation space therebetween.
The use of LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) as fuel for marine applications is increasing since it is an efficient way of cutting emissions. Within the next few decades, natural gas (NG) is expected to become the world's fastest growing major energy source. The driving forces behind this development are the depleting known oil reserves, increasing environmental care and the continuous tightening of emission restrictions. All major emissions can be significantly reduced to truly form an environmentally sound solution; the reduction in CO2, in particular, is difficult to achieve with conventional oil- based fuels. NG consists of methane (CH4) with minor concentrations of heavier hydrocarbons such as ethane and propane. In normal ambient conditions NG is a gas, but it can be liquefied by cooling it down to -162°C. In liquid form the specific volume is reduced significantly, which allows a reasonable size of storage tanks relative to energy content. The burning process of NG is clean. Its high hydrogen-to-coal ratio (the highest among the fossil fuels) means lower C02 emissions compared with oil-based fuels. When NG is liquefied, all sulphur is removed, which means zero SOX emissions. The clean burning properties of NG also significantly reduce NOX and particle emissions compared with oil-based fuels. LNG is not only an environmentally sound solution, but also economically interesting at today's oil prices.
The most feasible way of storing NG in ships is in liquid form. In existing ship installations, LNG is stored in cylindrical, double-walled, insulated stainless steel tanks. The tank pressure is defined by the requirement of the engines burning the gas and is usually less than 5 bar. A higher (typically 9 bar) tank design pressure is selected due to the natural boil-off phenomenon.
Fig. 1 discloses schematically a known LNG installation for a ship 20. LNG is stored in a cylindrically shaped pressurized storage tank 1. The tank consists of a stainless steel inner shell, which is designed for an internal pressure, and an outer shell that acts as a secondary barrier. The outer shell can be made of either stainless steel or carbon steel. The tank is insulated with perlite/vacuum. Reference numeral 24 denotes a bunkering station from which LNG is led to the tank 1 via insulated pipes. The tank room 4 is a stainless steel barrier welded to the outer vessel of the tank 1. The tank room acts as a barrier that avoids damage to the external compartments, and facilitates quick ventilation of the evaporated gas. The LNG from the tank is evaporated and fed via a gas valve unit 21 to the engines. The main engine generators are denoted by 22 and the switch gear by 23. Fig. 1 is only to show an exemplary schematic arrangement for a LNG installation and, therefore, there is no detailed explanation of a control system, thrusters, propulsion units or other necessary implements required in ships.
NG is a safe fuel when the right precautions are taken.
In a liquid state LNG is not explosive, nor is it corrosive or toxic. Thus, possible spillages will not cause any lasting contamination, as the liquid will boil to gas. The low temperature, however, is an issue when considering normal ship steel, but this problem is avoided by using appropriate materials in LNG systems.
Gaseous NG is lighter than air, which means that in case of a leakage, the gas will disperse upwards and not build up in the ship's bilge. The ignition temperature of NG is relatively high (600°C) compared with diesel oil (250°C), and NG is flammable only within a small concentration range between 5% and 15% of air. The gas fuel system of a ship includes liquid storage tanks, a vaporiser, a gas valve unit, piping and a bunkering system.
The storage tank and associated valves and piping should be located in a space designed to act as a second barrier in case of liquid or compressed gas leakage. The material of the bulkheads of this space should have the same design temperature as the gas tank, and the space should be designed to withstand the maximum pressure build-up or alternatively, pressure relief venting to a safe location (mast) may be provided. The space should be capable of containing a leakage and be thermally isolated so that the surrounding hull is not exposed to unacceptable cooling in case of a leakage of liquid or compressed gas.
The natural gas is delivered to the engines as a gas but stored as a liquid. A 'tank room' is associated with a storage tank and contains the equipment to convert the liquid into a gas for safe delivery to the engines. The tank room is also considered a 'secondary barrier' since liquid pipes are inside it.
The piping between the LNG tank and the tank room is double-walled and conventionally pipes are arranged to go through the outer shell of the LNG tank and pass into the space between the inner and outer shells of the LNG tank before they are connected to the inner shell, preferably by welding. This conventional arrangement is functional as such but it requires that the outer shell of the LNG tank is made of stainless steel since all connections to the inner shell should be inside a stainless steel cover.
An aim of the present invention is to provide an improved solution for connecting pipes to the LNG tank. This is achieved by an arrangement for connecting at least one double-walled pipe of stainless steel to a LNG tank having an inner shell of stainless steel and an outer shell spaced at a distance from the inner shell, the said inner and outer shells defining an isolation space therebetween, wherein the at least one double-walled pipe comprises a common outer wall and at least one inner pipe, wherein the outer wall of the pipe is connected to the inner shell of the tank by a pipe fitting in such a way that the pipe fitting of cold resistant material between the said inner shell and the outer wall is arranged to compensate for changes in the length of the outer wall of the pipe and/or of the pipe fitting due to temperature differences between the outer wall of the pipe and the inner shell of the tank, the pipe fitting being formed as a bellows- 1 ike structure, characterized in that at the end of the outer wall of the pipe facing the inner shell of the tank is arranged a first connection flange; that at a pipe inlet opening formed in the outer shell of the tank is formed an outwardly extending second connection flange; and that between the said first and second connection flanges is arranged a heat insulation and/or a sealing member. The bellows is preferably connected by welding to the outer wall of the pipe and to the inner shell of the tank.
By using a bellows of stainless steel as a pipe fitting between the inner shell of the LNG tank and the outer wall of the pipe it is possible to absorb relative movement in the piping system due to difference in temperature between the outer wall of the pipe and the inner shell of the tank. The materials utilized for the bellows are stainless steels, preferably austenitic type steels.
The invention will be disclosed more closely with reference to the
accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a schematic vertical cross-section of a ship using LNG as fuel.
Fig. 2 is a schematic vertical cross-section of a part of a LNG tank and a tank room associated therewith according to an embodiment of the invention, is an enlarged view of a part of Fig. 2 showing details of the pipe penetration into the tank,
is a schematic vertical cross-section of a part of a LNG tank and a tank room associated therewith according to another embodiment of the invention, is a schematic vertical cross-section of a part of a LNG tank and a tank room associated therewith according to still another embodiment of the invention, and is a schematic vertical cross-section of a part of a LNG tank and a tank room associated therewith according to still another embodiment of the invention. Referring to Fig. 2, a LNG tank 1 comprises an inner shell 2 and an outer shell 3 defining an isolation space 14 therebetween. The isolation space 14 is under vacuum and/or filled with isolation material, such as perlite or vermiculite. A tank room 4, containing the equipment (not shown) for converting the liquid into a gas for safe delivery to the engines, is associated with the tank 1, the equipment being in fluid connection with the tank via double-walled pipes to the tank. In the schematic figs. 2 and 3 is shown two inner pipes 8 and a common outer wall 9 therefore. The inner pipes 8 are spaced apart from each others as well from the outer wall 9 defining an isolation space 15 therebetween. The isolation space 15 is, similarly to the isolation space 14 of the tank 1, under vacuum and/or filled with isolation material, such as perlite or vermiculite. At one end, the pipes 8 and the outer wall 9 penetrate the tank room and extends a length inside thereof. At its other end, the common outer wall 9 of the pipes is provided with a first connection flange 11 to which a bellows 10 is connected by welding. The bellows 10 is welded at its other end to the inner shell 2 of the tank 1. The inner pipes 8 are welded directly to the inner shell 2 of the tank. The outer shell 3 of the tank is provided with a feedthrough opening for the pipe and along the peripheral of the opening with a second connection flange 12 extending outwardly from the outer shell 3. The first and second connection flanges are aligned and provided with an isolation and/or sealing member 13 therebetween. The bellows 10 and inner pipes 8 and outer wall 9 are of cold resistant materials, preferably stainless steels, but the material for the outer shell 3 of the tank 1 may be carbon steel due to the use of the protective bellows of stainless steel around the pipe feedthrough to the inside of the tank. The use of carbon steel for the outer shell will substantially reduce the manufacturing costs.
In a further embodiment of Fig. 4 is shown an additional shell structure of carbon steel around the tank room 4 to give added stiffness and to facilitate mounting. It also gives enhanced protection for the tank room environment. In a still further embodiment of Fig. 5 is shown also an additional lower shell structure 7 of carbon steel which gives increased protection for the pipe.
Fig. 6 shows a further embodiment of the present invention. Pipe 19 for top connection is located in a pipe trunk 16 extending to the center of the tank. Pipe trunk 16 is connected to the outer shell 3 of the tank 1 via bellows 17 by a similar flange arrangement 18 as for the bellows 10 comprising flanges 11 and 12 and an isolation and/or sealing member 13 therebetween. The embodiment of Fig. 6 can be provided also with similar additional shell structures 5 and/or 7 as shown in Figs. 4 and 5. Pipe 19 and pipe trunk 16 are also of cold resistant materials, preferably stainless steels.

Claims

Claims
1. Arrangement for connecting at least one double-walled pipe of stainless steel to a LNG tank (1) having an inner shell (2) of stainless steel and an outer shell (3) spaced at a distance from the inner shell (2), the said inner and outer shells defining an isolation space (14) therebetween, wherein the at least one double-walled pipe comprises a common outer wall (9) and at least one inner pipe (8), wherein the outer wall (9) of the pipe is connected to the inner shell (2) of the tank by a pipe fitting (10) in such a way that the pipe fitting (10) of cold resistant material between the said inner shell (2) and the outer wall (9) is arranged to compensate for changes in the length of the outer wall (9) of the pipe and/or of the pipe fitting (10) due to temperature differences between the outer wall (9) of the pipe and the inner shell (2) of the tank, the pipe fitting (10) being formed as a bellows-like structure, characterized in that at the end of the outer wall (9) of the pipe facing the inner shell (2) of the tank is arranged a first connection flange (11); that at a pipe inlet opening formed in the outer shell (3) of the tank is formed an outwardly extending second connection flange (12); and that between the said first and second connection flanges (11, 12) is arranged a heat insulation and/or a sealing member (13).
2. The arrangement of claim 1, characterized in that the bellows-like pipe fitting (10) is connected by welding to the said first connection flange (11) and/or to the outer wall (9) of the pipe(s) and to the inner shell (2) of the tank.
3. The arrangement of claim 1, characterized in that the outer wall (9) of the pipe and a tank room (4) connected to the LNG tank (1) act as a second barrier in case of liquid or compressed gas leakage covering all associated valves and piping.
4. The arrangement of any of the claims 1-3, characterized in that the cold resistant material for the outer wall (9) and/or pipe fitting (10) is stainless steel.
5. The arrangement of any of the claims 1-3, characterized in that the outer shell (3) of the tank (1) is of carbon steel.
PCT/FI2011/050758 2010-09-10 2011-09-02 Arrangement for connecting a pipe to a lng tank WO2012032219A1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

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CN2011800430042A CN103154593A (en) 2010-09-10 2011-09-02 Arrangement for connecting a pipe to a LNG tank
KR1020137007731A KR20130114105A (en) 2010-09-10 2011-09-02 Arrangement for connecting a pipe to a lng tank
KR1020147029711A KR101545829B1 (en) 2010-09-10 2011-09-02 Arrangement for connecting a pipe to a lng tank
JP2013527652A JP5548313B2 (en) 2010-09-10 2011-09-02 Structure for connecting the pipe to the LNG tank
EP11770839.6A EP2614288A1 (en) 2010-09-10 2011-09-02 Arrangement for connecting a pipe to a lng tank
US13/791,004 US9664317B2 (en) 2010-09-10 2013-03-08 Arrangement for connecting a pipe to a LNG tank

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FI20105940 2010-09-10
FI20105940A FI122871B (en) 2010-09-10 2010-09-10 LNG containers

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US9702506B2 (en) 2012-02-29 2017-07-11 Wartsila Finland Oy LNG tank
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JP2015004383A (en) * 2013-06-19 2015-01-08 川崎重工業株式会社 Double shell tank and liquefied gas carrying vessel
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JP2013537961A (en) 2013-10-07
KR101545829B1 (en) 2015-08-19
EP2614288A1 (en) 2013-07-17
US9664317B2 (en) 2017-05-30
JP5548313B2 (en) 2014-07-16
CN103154593A (en) 2013-06-12
KR20140141672A (en) 2014-12-10
FI20105940A0 (en) 2010-09-10
US20130187374A1 (en) 2013-07-25
EP2792929A3 (en) 2016-01-27
KR20130114105A (en) 2013-10-16
FI122871B (en) 2012-08-15
CN104089178A (en) 2014-10-08
EP2792929A2 (en) 2014-10-22

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