WO2012029207A1 - Commutator motor - Google Patents
Commutator motor Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012029207A1 WO2012029207A1 PCT/JP2011/002150 JP2011002150W WO2012029207A1 WO 2012029207 A1 WO2012029207 A1 WO 2012029207A1 JP 2011002150 W JP2011002150 W JP 2011002150W WO 2012029207 A1 WO2012029207 A1 WO 2012029207A1
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- brush
- commutator
- load
- wear
- commutator motor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K13/00—Structural associations of current collectors with motors or generators, e.g. brush mounting plates or connections to windings; Disposition of current collectors in motors or generators; Arrangements for improving commutation
- H02K13/006—Structural associations of commutators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a commutator motor used for a household vacuum cleaner, an electric tool, or the like.
- a commutator motor presses a brush against a commutator using a brush pressing device configured by a coil spring, a spiral spring, or the like in order to cause the brush and the commutator to be in contact with each other.
- the brush and the commutator are likely to be subject to electrical wear due to the occurrence of sparks between them and mechanical wear due to sliding between them.
- brush wear progresses with increasing use time of the commutator motor, and the length of the brush becomes shorter.
- the contact position between the spring and the brush changes due to the influence of the change over time that the brush length is shortened from the initial use of the commutator motor to the end of use, and the load at which the spring presses the brush changes. That is, the pressure load is large at the beginning of use and gradually decreases at the end of use.
- this pressing load has an optimum value, and the progress of brush wear is promoted regardless of whether the pressing load is excessive or small.
- an electric motor with a brush pressing device that maintains the pressing load between the brush and the commutator at a certain optimum value and reduces brush wear (for example, , See Patent Document 1).
- Fig. 5 shows the relationship between the operating time in the commutator motor and the optimum pressing load between the brush and the commutator.
- the optimum pressing load between the brush and the commutator tends to increase from the beginning of use when the brush length is long to the end of use when the brush length is short. This is due to the following reason.
- the commutator has not deteriorated and the spark wear caused by the chattering of the brush is small. Therefore, rather than increasing the pressing load and suppressing the spark wear, the pressing load was reduced to suppress the mechanical wear. This reduces the amount of brush wear.
- a commutator motor is a commutator motor having a commutator fixed to a rotor, a brush that contacts and slides with the commutator, and a brush pressing device that presses the brush against the commutator.
- the commutator motor is characterized in that the pressing load increases as the brush wears and the length decreases.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a contact portion between a brush and a commutator of a commutator motor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention from the direction of the rotation axis.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the displacement and the load with respect to the load direction at the action point P1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a contact portion between the brush and the commutator of the commutator motor according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention from the direction of the rotation axis.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the displacement and the load with respect to the load direction at the action point P2 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a usage time in the commutator motor and a pressing load between the brush and the commutator.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a location where a brush 1 and a commutator 2 of a commutator motor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention are provided.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the displacement and the load with respect to the load direction at the action point P1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the brush 1 is applied with a pressing load F at an action point P ⁇ b> 1 by a brush pressing device including a mainspring spring 3 and a brush pressing spring 4.
- the mainspring spring 3 uses a reverse variable load type mainspring spring and is combined with the brush pressing spring 4.
- the displacement and the load with respect to the load direction of the action point P1 have the relationship shown in FIG.
- the brush 1 is composed of a carbon brush.
- the pressing load F between the brush 1 and the commutator 2 is small, so that mechanical wear is reduced.
- the commutator is not deteriorated at the initial stage of use, and spark wear caused by chattering of the brush 1 is small.
- the amount of wear of the brush 1 is smaller when the pressing load F is decreased to reduce the mechanical wear than when the pressing load F is increased to suppress chattering.
- the pressure load F between the brush 1 and the commutator 2 is large, so that the spark wear is reduced.
- the amount of wear of the brush 1 is smaller when the pressure load F is increased and the spark wear is reduced than when the pressure load F is reduced and the mechanical wear is suppressed.
- the brush of the commutator motor is prevented from being worn, and the life of the commutator motor can be extended.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a location where the brush 1 and the commutator 2 of the commutator motor according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention are provided.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the displacement and the load with respect to the load direction at the action point P2 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the brush 1 is applied with a pressing load F at an action point P ⁇ b> 2 by a brush pressing device including a spiral spring 5 and a magnet 6.
- the magnet 6 is bonded to the spiral spring 5, and when the length of the brush 1 is worn and shortened, the pressing load between the brush 1 and the commutator 2 increases as the magnets 6 approach each other.
- the displacement and the load with respect to the load direction of the action point P2 have the relationship shown in FIG. At this time, it is set so that the initial stage of use in which the length of the brush 1 is long hits the position of L3, and the end stage of use in which the length of the brush 1 is worn and shortened becomes the position of L4.
- the pressing load F between the brush 1 and the commutator 2 is small, mechanical wear is reduced, and the brush 1 is worn.
- the amount of wear of the brush 1 is reduced by reducing the spark wear.
- the brush wear of the commutator motor is suppressed, and the life of the commutator motor can be extended.
- the commutator motor according to the present invention is useful for a brush pressing device capable of realizing a long brush life and a commutator motor using the brush pressing device.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)
Abstract
In this commutator motor, which has a commutator affixed to a rotor, a brush that slides in contact with the commutator, and a brush-pressing device that presses the brush to the commutator, the brush-pressing device increases the pressing load as the brush wears away and becomes shorter in length. By means of this configuration, the progress of wear of the brush is suppressed from the beginning to the end of the use of the commutator motor, enabling an increase in service life of the commutator motor.
Description
本発明は、家庭用掃除機や電動工具等に使用される整流子電動機に関する。
The present invention relates to a commutator motor used for a household vacuum cleaner, an electric tool, or the like.
従来、整流子電動機は、ブラシと整流子とを接触通電させるために、コイルバネや渦巻きバネ等で構成されるブラシ押圧装置を用いて、ブラシを整流子へ押圧することが知られている。このとき、ブラシと整流子は通電時における両者間のスパーク発生による電気的摩耗や両者の摺動による機械的摩耗が生じやすい。このために、整流子電動機の使用時間の増加と共にブラシ摩耗が進行し、ブラシの長さが短くなっていく。この整流子電動機の使用初期から使用末期に進むに従ってブラシ長さが短くなるという経時変化の影響で、バネとブラシとの接触位置が変わり、バネがブラシを押圧する荷重に変化が起こる。すなわち、使用初期には押圧加重は大きく、使用末期には徐々に小さくなってゆく。しかしながら、この押圧荷重には最適値があり、押圧荷重が過大であっても過小であってもブラシ磨耗の進行は促進される。
Conventionally, it is known that a commutator motor presses a brush against a commutator using a brush pressing device configured by a coil spring, a spiral spring, or the like in order to cause the brush and the commutator to be in contact with each other. At this time, the brush and the commutator are likely to be subject to electrical wear due to the occurrence of sparks between them and mechanical wear due to sliding between them. For this reason, brush wear progresses with increasing use time of the commutator motor, and the length of the brush becomes shorter. The contact position between the spring and the brush changes due to the influence of the change over time that the brush length is shortened from the initial use of the commutator motor to the end of use, and the load at which the spring presses the brush changes. That is, the pressure load is large at the beginning of use and gradually decreases at the end of use. However, this pressing load has an optimum value, and the progress of brush wear is promoted regardless of whether the pressing load is excessive or small.
上記の問題を解決するための公知例として、ブラシと整流子との押圧荷重を一定の最適値に保ち、ブラシ磨耗を低減させることを特徴とするブラシ押圧装置付電動機が開示されている（例えば、特許文献１を参照）。
As a publicly known example for solving the above problem, an electric motor with a brush pressing device is disclosed that maintains the pressing load between the brush and the commutator at a certain optimum value and reduces brush wear (for example, , See Patent Document 1).
しかしながら、ブラシと整流子との押圧荷重の最適値は、使用期間の初期と末期にかけて変化してゆくものであり、一定ではない。このため、特許文献１に記載の押圧加重を一定にするブラシ押圧装置では、ブラシ摩耗を十分に抑制することが困難である。
However, the optimum value of the pressing load between the brush and the commutator changes from the beginning to the end of the usage period and is not constant. For this reason, it is difficult for the brush pressing device described in Patent Document 1 to keep the pressing load constant to sufficiently suppress the brush wear.
図５に整流子電動機における使用時間と、ブラシと整流子との最適押圧荷重との関係を示す。ブラシと整流子との最適押圧荷重は、ブラシの長さが長い使用初期から、ブラシ長さが短い使用末期に渡って増加する傾向にある。これは、以下の理由による。使用初期では、整流子の劣化が進行しておらず、ブラシのチャタリングによって起因されるスパーク磨耗が小さいため、押圧荷重を上げてスパーク磨耗を抑えるよりも、押圧荷重を下げて機械磨耗を抑えた方がブラシ磨耗量が少なくなる。一方、使用末期においては、整流子の劣化が進行し、整流子片間の段差が大きくなるため、ブラシのチャタリングによって起因されるスパーク磨耗が大きくなり、押圧荷重を下げて機械磨耗を抑えるよりも、押圧荷重を上げてスパーク磨耗を抑えた方がブラシ磨耗量が少なくなる。このことから、従来の押圧荷重を一定の所定値に保つブラシ押圧装置の機構では、ブラシ摩耗を十分に抑制することが困難であることがわかる。
Fig. 5 shows the relationship between the operating time in the commutator motor and the optimum pressing load between the brush and the commutator. The optimum pressing load between the brush and the commutator tends to increase from the beginning of use when the brush length is long to the end of use when the brush length is short. This is due to the following reason. In the initial stage of use, the commutator has not deteriorated and the spark wear caused by the chattering of the brush is small. Therefore, rather than increasing the pressing load and suppressing the spark wear, the pressing load was reduced to suppress the mechanical wear. This reduces the amount of brush wear. On the other hand, at the end of use, the commutator deteriorates and the level difference between the commutator pieces increases, so the spark wear caused by brush chattering increases, rather than lowering the pressing load and suppressing mechanical wear. The amount of brush wear decreases when the pressure load is increased to suppress spark wear. From this, it can be seen that it is difficult to sufficiently suppress the brush wear in the conventional mechanism of the brush pressing device that keeps the pressing load at a constant predetermined value.
本発明に係る整流子電動機は、回転子に固定された整流子と、整流子と接触摺動するブラシと、ブラシを整流子に押圧するブラシ押圧装置とを有する整流子電動機において、ブラシ押圧装置は、ブラシが摩耗して長さが短くなるにつれて、押圧荷重が増加することを特徴とする整流子電動機である。
A commutator motor according to the present invention is a commutator motor having a commutator fixed to a rotor, a brush that contacts and slides with the commutator, and a brush pressing device that presses the brush against the commutator. The commutator motor is characterized in that the pressing load increases as the brush wears and the length decreases.
これにより、整流子電動機の使用初期から使用末期にかけての経時変化に合わせて最適な押圧荷重を保つことにより、ブラシの摩耗進行が抑制されるので、整流子電動機の長寿命化が可能である。
This makes it possible to extend the life of the commutator motor because the brush wear is suppressed by maintaining an optimal pressing load in accordance with the change over time from the initial use to the end of use of the commutator motor.
（実施の形態１）
以下、本発明の実施の形態１について図１及び図２に基づいて説明する。図１は、本発明の実施の形態１に係る整流子電動機のブラシ１及び整流子２が設けられている箇所の概略横断面図である。図２は、本発明の実施の形態１に係る作用点Ｐ１の荷重方向に対する変位と荷重との関係を示す図である。 (Embodiment 1)
The first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a location where abrush 1 and a commutator 2 of a commutator motor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention are provided. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the displacement and the load with respect to the load direction at the action point P1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
以下、本発明の実施の形態１について図１及び図２に基づいて説明する。図１は、本発明の実施の形態１に係る整流子電動機のブラシ１及び整流子２が設けられている箇所の概略横断面図である。図２は、本発明の実施の形態１に係る作用点Ｐ１の荷重方向に対する変位と荷重との関係を示す図である。 (Embodiment 1)
The first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a location where a
図１に示すように、ブラシ１は、ぜんまいバネ３とブラシ押し当てバネ４からなるブラシ押圧装置によって、作用点Ｐ１において押圧荷重Ｆが加えられている。ぜんまいバネ３は逆変動荷重型ぜんまいバネを用いており、ブラシ押し当てバネ４と組み合わされている。作用点Ｐ１の荷重方向に対する変位と荷重は図２に示す関係をもつ。このとき、ブラシ１の長さが長い使用初期がＬ１の位置に当たり、ブラシ１が磨耗して長さが短くなった使用末期がＬ２の位置になるように設定されている。ここで、ブラシ１は、カーボンブラシで構成されている。
As shown in FIG. 1, the brush 1 is applied with a pressing load F at an action point P <b> 1 by a brush pressing device including a mainspring spring 3 and a brush pressing spring 4. The mainspring spring 3 uses a reverse variable load type mainspring spring and is combined with the brush pressing spring 4. The displacement and the load with respect to the load direction of the action point P1 have the relationship shown in FIG. At this time, it is set so that the initial stage of use when the length of the brush 1 is long hits the position L1, and the end stage of use when the brush 1 is worn and shortened becomes the position L2. Here, the brush 1 is composed of a carbon brush.
このようにすると、ブラシ１の長さが長い使用初期においては、ブラシ１と整流子２との押圧荷重Ｆが小さいため、機械磨耗が少なくなる。ブラシ１の長さが長い使用初期では整流子の劣化が進行しておらず、ブラシ１のチャタリングによって起因されるスパーク磨耗が小さい。このため、押圧荷重Ｆを上げてチャタリングを抑えるよりも、押圧荷重Ｆを下げて機械磨耗を少なくする方がブラシ１の磨耗量が少なくなる。
In this way, in the initial stage of use where the length of the brush 1 is long, the pressing load F between the brush 1 and the commutator 2 is small, so that mechanical wear is reduced. When the brush 1 is long, the commutator is not deteriorated at the initial stage of use, and spark wear caused by chattering of the brush 1 is small. For this reason, the amount of wear of the brush 1 is smaller when the pressing load F is decreased to reduce the mechanical wear than when the pressing load F is increased to suppress chattering.
さらに、ブラシ１が磨耗して長さが短くなった使用末期においては、ブラシ１と整流子２との押圧荷重Ｆが大きいため、スパーク磨耗が小さくなる。ブラシ１の長さが短い使用末期では整流子２の劣化が進行し、整流子片間の段差が大きくなるため、ブラシ１のチャタリングによって起因されるスパーク磨耗が大きい。このため、押圧荷重Ｆを下げて機械磨耗を抑えるよりも、押圧荷重Ｆを上げてスパーク磨耗を少なくする方がブラシ１の磨耗量が少なくなる。
Furthermore, at the end of use when the length of the brush 1 is shortened due to wear, the pressure load F between the brush 1 and the commutator 2 is large, so that the spark wear is reduced. At the end of use, when the length of the brush 1 is short, deterioration of the commutator 2 proceeds and the step between the commutator pieces becomes large, so that spark wear caused by chattering of the brush 1 is large. For this reason, the amount of wear of the brush 1 is smaller when the pressure load F is increased and the spark wear is reduced than when the pressure load F is reduced and the mechanical wear is suppressed.
このように、上記実施の形態１における構成によれば、整流子電動機のブラシの摩耗が抑制され、整流子電動機の長寿命化が可能となる。
Thus, according to the configuration in the first embodiment, the brush of the commutator motor is prevented from being worn, and the life of the commutator motor can be extended.
（実施の形態２）
以下、本発明の実施の形態２について、図３及び図４に基づいて説明する。図３は、本発明の実施の形態２に係る整流子電動機のブラシ１及び整流子２が設けられている箇所の概略横断面図である。図４は、本発明の実施の形態２に係る作用点Ｐ２の荷重方向に対する変位と荷重との関係を示した図である。 (Embodiment 2)
The second embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a location where thebrush 1 and the commutator 2 of the commutator motor according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention are provided. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the displacement and the load with respect to the load direction at the action point P2 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
以下、本発明の実施の形態２について、図３及び図４に基づいて説明する。図３は、本発明の実施の形態２に係る整流子電動機のブラシ１及び整流子２が設けられている箇所の概略横断面図である。図４は、本発明の実施の形態２に係る作用点Ｐ２の荷重方向に対する変位と荷重との関係を示した図である。 (Embodiment 2)
The second embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a location where the
図３に示すように、ブラシ１は渦巻きバネ５とマグネット６からなるブラシ押圧装置によって、作用点Ｐ２において押圧荷重Ｆが加えられている。マグネット６は渦巻きバネ５に接着されており、ブラシ１の長さが磨耗し短くなったとき、マグネット６同士が近づくことにより、ブラシ１と整流子２との押圧荷重が増加することになる。作用点Ｐ２の荷重方向に対する変位と荷重は図４に示す関係をもつ。このとき、ブラシ１の長さが長い使用初期がＬ３の位置に当たり、ブラシ１が磨耗して長さが短くなった使用末期がＬ４の位置になるように設定されている。
As shown in FIG. 3, the brush 1 is applied with a pressing load F at an action point P <b> 2 by a brush pressing device including a spiral spring 5 and a magnet 6. The magnet 6 is bonded to the spiral spring 5, and when the length of the brush 1 is worn and shortened, the pressing load between the brush 1 and the commutator 2 increases as the magnets 6 approach each other. The displacement and the load with respect to the load direction of the action point P2 have the relationship shown in FIG. At this time, it is set so that the initial stage of use in which the length of the brush 1 is long hits the position of L3, and the end stage of use in which the length of the brush 1 is worn and shortened becomes the position of L4.
このようにすると、実施の形態１と同様にブラシ１の長さが長い使用初期においては、ブラシ１と整流子２との押圧荷重Ｆが小さく、機械磨耗が少なくなり、ブラシ１が磨耗して長さが短くなった使用末期においては、スパーク磨耗が小さくなることで、ブラシ１の磨耗量が少なくなる。
In this way, as in the first embodiment, when the length of the brush 1 is long, the pressing load F between the brush 1 and the commutator 2 is small, mechanical wear is reduced, and the brush 1 is worn. At the end of use when the length is shortened, the amount of wear of the brush 1 is reduced by reducing the spark wear.
このように、上記実施の形態２における構成によれば、整流子電動機のブラシ摩耗が抑制され、整流子電動機の長寿命化が可能となる。
As described above, according to the configuration in the second embodiment, the brush wear of the commutator motor is suppressed, and the life of the commutator motor can be extended.
本発明に係る整流子電動機は、ブラシの長寿命が実現できるブラシ押圧装置及びこれを用いた整流子電動機に有用である。
The commutator motor according to the present invention is useful for a brush pressing device capable of realizing a long brush life and a commutator motor using the brush pressing device.
１ ブラシ
２ 整流子
３ ぜんまいバネ
４ ブラシ押し当てバネ
５ 渦巻きバネ
６ マグネット 1brush 2 commutator 3 mainspring spring 4 brush pressing spring 5 spiral spring 6 magnet
２ 整流子
３ ぜんまいバネ
４ ブラシ押し当てバネ
５ 渦巻きバネ
６ マグネット 1
Claims (1)
- 回転子に固定された整流子と、前記整流子と接触摺動するブラシと、前記ブラシを前記整流子に押圧するブラシ押圧装置とを有する整流子電動機において、前記ブラシ押圧装置は、前記ブラシが摩耗して長さが短くなるにつれて、押圧荷重が増加することを特徴とする整流子電動機。 A commutator electric motor having a commutator fixed to a rotor, a brush that slides in contact with the commutator, and a brush pressing device that presses the brush against the commutator. A commutator motor characterized in that the pressing load increases as the length becomes shorter due to wear.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201180042187.6A CN103081316A (en) | 2010-08-30 | 2011-04-12 | Commutator motor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010-191805 | 2010-08-30 | ||
| JP2010191805A JP2012050278A (en) | 2010-08-30 | 2010-08-30 | Commutator motor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2012029207A1 true WO2012029207A1 (en) | 2012-03-08 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2011/002150 WO2012029207A1 (en) | 2010-08-30 | 2011-04-12 | Commutator motor |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2012050278A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN103081316A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2012029207A1 (en) |
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| CN109038966B (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2020-11-06 | 马渊马达株式会社 | Brush holder device for motor and brush motor mounted with the same |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01120766U (en) * | 1988-02-08 | 1989-08-16 | ||
| JPH02214443A (en) * | 1989-02-13 | 1990-08-27 | Aisan Ind Co Ltd | Motor provided with brush pushing device |
| JP2008278722A (en) * | 2007-05-07 | 2008-11-13 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Brush, rotary electric machine, blower, and vacuum cleaner |
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2010
- 2010-08-30 JP JP2010191805A patent/JP2012050278A/en active Pending
-
2011
- 2011-04-12 WO PCT/JP2011/002150 patent/WO2012029207A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-04-12 CN CN201180042187.6A patent/CN103081316A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01120766U (en) * | 1988-02-08 | 1989-08-16 | ||
| JPH02214443A (en) * | 1989-02-13 | 1990-08-27 | Aisan Ind Co Ltd | Motor provided with brush pushing device |
| JP2008278722A (en) * | 2007-05-07 | 2008-11-13 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Brush, rotary electric machine, blower, and vacuum cleaner |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2012050278A (en) | 2012-03-08 |
| CN103081316A (en) | 2013-05-01 |
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