WO2012026582A1 - Dispositif de simulation, système informatique réparti, procédé de simulation et programme - Google Patents

Dispositif de simulation, système informatique réparti, procédé de simulation et programme Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012026582A1
WO2012026582A1 PCT/JP2011/069294 JP2011069294W WO2012026582A1 WO 2012026582 A1 WO2012026582 A1 WO 2012026582A1 JP 2011069294 W JP2011069294 W JP 2011069294W WO 2012026582 A1 WO2012026582 A1 WO 2012026582A1
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processing
power consumption
time
processing nodes
power
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PCT/JP2011/069294
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
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小林　大
真樹 菅
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日本電気株式会社
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
    • G06F9/50—Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit [CPU]
    • G06F9/5094—Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit [CPU] where the allocation takes into account power or heat criteria
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D10/00—Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management

Definitions

  • the present invention is based on the priority claim of Japanese Patent Application: Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-190641 (filed on Aug. 27, 2010), the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Shall.
  • the present invention relates to a simulation apparatus, a simulation method, and a program, and more particularly, to a simulation apparatus, a simulation method, and a program for simulating middleware that controls power consumption of processing nodes included in a distributed computer system.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 describes a technique for constructing, managing, and providing a data structure called a BigTable for a plurality of computers as a whole with a data unit composed of a plurality of column data called rows.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 In the technology described in Non-Patent Document 1, it is realized by software which data is allocated to which computer and which computer is used for processing, and the operation is dynamically changed with respect to the system state. The resource usage is adjusted to improve the performance of the distributed computer system for client computers (or users).
  • system control middleware Such software is referred to as “system control middleware”.
  • data migration moving data from one computer to another
  • data replication data replication is placed on multiple computers, increasing or decreasing the number of replicas
  • the resource usage adjustment function of the system control middleware focuses on improving the performance of the distributed computer system.
  • performance refers to the time required for the distributed computer system to process a request from a user, or the amount or number of requests that can be processed simultaneously in the distributed computer system. Therefore, the system control middleware observes the requested processing amount of each computer and the performance with respect to the request, and adjusts the resource usage to improve the system performance based on these.
  • feedback control dynamic resource usage adjustment from the current value in this way is referred to as “feedback control”.
  • Resource usage adjustment not only improves performance, but also turns on / off the entire distributed computer system, changes the operation mode of components such as CPUs and HDDs that make up the distributed computer system, and turns off power for each component It can be performed.
  • the system control middleware is required not only to improve the performance but also to reduce the power consumption of the distributed computer system while satisfying the given service requirements.
  • Patent Literature 1 measures the power consumption of computer elements constituting the system in advance, and based on the measured power consumption and the characteristics of the processing to be executed, Adjust power consumption.
  • the power consumption of the computer is non-linear with respect to the processing load, and the characteristics differ for each type of computer element. Therefore, instead of measuring the power consumption in advance, it is possible to adjust the resource usage amount by observing the power consumption during system operation and reducing the power consumption of the system based on the observed power consumption. According to the device selection system described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-239280, the power consumption of the computer is obtained based on the power consumption of the air conditioner that cools the computer, and the computer used for the next calculation is selected.
  • the simulation software uses a simplified model that simulates the operation of the computer, and estimates the future behavior and performance of the computer based on the behavior of the model with respect to a workload that simplifies the expected load.
  • a simulation technique for calculating the power consumption of the system is known.
  • the power consumption of software is obtained based on the operation of software and a hardware power consumption table acquired in advance.
  • the power consumption of the system is estimated from the operation status of the system components on the SoC (System On Chip).
  • the power consumption is estimated by counting the number of toggles of elements in the circuit.
  • the simulation techniques described in Patent Documents 3 to 5 are simulation techniques for small-scale hardware in a single chip.
  • Such a technique is used for the simulation of the power and performance of a distributed computer system composed of a large number of large and complex computers, there is also a problem that the simulation time increases.
  • the objective of this invention is providing the simulation apparatus, simulation method, and program which solve this subject.
  • the simulation apparatus is: A performance calculator that calculates the processing time required for each of the plurality of processing nodes included in the distributed computer system to process the assigned load; A power calculator that calculates power consumption required to process each of the loads assigned to each of the plurality of processing nodes; A system operation determination unit that updates allocation of loads to each of the plurality of processing nodes based on processing time and power consumption.
  • the simulation method is as follows.
  • the program according to the third aspect of the present invention is: A time calculation process for calculating a processing time required for each of a plurality of processing nodes included in the distributed computer system to process the assigned load; A power calculation process for calculating the power consumption required for each of the plurality of processing nodes to process the assigned load; Based on the processing time and power consumption, the computer is caused to execute an update process for updating the load assignment for each of the plurality of processing nodes.
  • the simulation apparatus According to the simulation apparatus, the simulation method, and the program according to the present invention, it is possible to simulate the operation of middleware that controls the assignment of loads to the processing nodes included in the distributed computer system.
  • a simulation apparatus According to the first development form, a simulation apparatus according to the first viewpoint is provided.
  • the power calculation unit changes each of the plurality of processing nodes to one of a plurality of operation modes defined by the processing speed and the power consumption per unit time.
  • a simulation apparatus is provided.
  • a simulation device in which the power calculation unit calculates power consumption according to power consumption per unit time in each current operation mode of a plurality of processing nodes.
  • a simulation device in which the performance calculation unit calculates the processing time according to the processing speed in each of the current operation modes of the plurality of processing nodes.
  • a simulation apparatus in which the power calculation unit calculates power consumption according to the processing time.
  • the performance calculation unit calculates the processing time based on a queuing network that models each of the plurality of processing nodes, and the power calculation unit is stored in the queue of the queuing network.
  • a simulation device is provided that calculates power consumption according to the number of loads.
  • a simulation apparatus in which the system operation determination unit updates the allocation of data and processing to each of a plurality of processing nodes based on processing time and power consumption.
  • a distributed computer system includes the simulation apparatus and a plurality of processing nodes whose operation mode and / or load allocation is updated by the simulation apparatus. .
  • the simulation method according to the second viewpoint is provided.
  • the simulation apparatus, simulation method, and program according to the present invention can simulate the operation of middleware that controls the load on processing nodes included in a distributed computer system. This is because by installing the middleware as a system operation determining unit of the simulation apparatus, the processing speed and power consumption in each processing node of the distributed computer system that is feedback-controlled by the middleware can be obtained.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a simulation apparatus according to the present embodiment.
  • the simulation apparatus includes a performance calculation unit 53, a power calculation unit 55, and a system operation determination unit 63.
  • the performance calculation unit 53 calculates a processing time required for each of a plurality of processing nodes included in the distributed computer system to process the assigned load.
  • the power calculator 55 calculates the power consumption required for processing the load assigned to each of the plurality of processing nodes.
  • the system operation determination unit 63 updates the load assignment to each of the plurality of processing nodes based on the above processing time and power consumption.
  • the power calculation unit 55 may change each of the plurality of processing nodes to any one of a plurality of operation modes defined by the processing speed and the power consumption per unit time. At this time, the power calculation unit 55 calculates the power consumption according to the power consumption per unit time in the current operation mode of each of the plurality of processing nodes. In addition, the performance calculation unit 53 calculates the processing time according to the processing speed in each current operation mode of the plurality of processing nodes.
  • the power calculator 55 may calculate power consumption according to the processing time calculated by the performance calculator 53.
  • the performance calculator 53 may calculate the processing time based on a queuing network that models each of a plurality of processing nodes. At this time, the power calculator 55 may calculate the power consumption according to the number of loads stored in the queue of the queue network.
  • the system operation determination unit 63 may update the allocation of data and processing to each of the plurality of processing nodes based on the above processing time and power consumption.
  • each of the plurality of processing nodes is preferably a computer included in the distributed computer system, or a CPU, storage, or memory included in the computer.
  • the simulation apparatus may further include an operation result log 120 that holds the processing time and power consumption.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a distributed computer system controlled by the simulation apparatus according to the present embodiment.
  • the distributed computer system includes a plurality of processing nodes 50A, 50B,. In these processing nodes 50A, 50B,..., 50N, the operation mode and / or load assignment is updated by the simulation apparatus of the present embodiment.
  • the distributed computer system may include a simulation device.
  • the simulation apparatus can simulate the operation of middleware that controls assignment of loads to processing nodes included in a distributed computer system. This is because by installing the middleware as the system operation determining unit 63 of the simulation apparatus of the present embodiment, it is possible to obtain the processing speed and power consumption in each processing node in the distributed computer system that is feedback controlled by the middleware.
  • the correctness of the operation of the system control middleware that monitors the current state of the overall system performance and power consumption and appropriately controls the value thereof, and An evaluation of the effect (ie, the correctness of the design of the system control middleware) can be simulated.
  • middleware that evaluates performance and power consumption in simulation system time, operates according to parameters that interact with each other, and sequentially operates the values in simulation system time. It is because it inputs with respect to.
  • the performance of the computer is represented by a queue
  • the power consumption of the computer is represented by the state transition of the operation mode
  • the trade-off between the power and performance of the computer can be represented easily.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the simulation apparatus according to this embodiment.
  • the simulation apparatus includes a simulator 100, a simulator control unit 110, and an operation result log 120. Each of these units may be a module in simulation software.
  • the simulator 100 includes a computer use load generation unit 30, a system configuration control unit 40, a node operation simulation unit 10, and a system efficiency improvement control unit 20.
  • the node operation simulation unit 10 includes a load reception unit 11, a control load generation unit 12, a performance calculation unit 13, and a power calculation unit 15.
  • the system efficiency improvement control unit 20 includes a performance information receiving unit 21, a power information receiving unit 22, a system operation determining unit 23, and a control command issuing unit 25.
  • the configuration and behavior (model) of a simulation target are mounted.
  • the simulator control unit 110 determines the behavior of the model in the simulator 100 at a certain point in time, calculates the mutual effect of the models due to the behavior, and when the calculation at a certain point in time for all the models is completed, Advance to the next time.
  • the simulator 100 models a distributed system composed of functions of a plurality of computers, communication for connecting computers, a client for applying a load on the computers, and system control middleware for operating the computers as a bundled system. .
  • the queuing network includes a first-in first-out (FIFO) queuing unit that queues processing loads, a service unit that holds the load for a certain period of time, and then transmits the load to the next connected element; And a line connecting them.
  • FIFO first-in first-out
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a queuing network as an example.
  • the node operation simulation unit 10 may represent each computer node by one queue.
  • the node operation simulation unit 10 may include an element simulation unit that represents, in a queue, components that can process loads in parallel, such as CPUs and HDDs in each computer.
  • time consumption due to communication between computer nodes and resource utilization of communication paths can be expressed using a queue. In this way, the performance calculation unit 13 calculates the usage time and the usage resource amount for the load.
  • power consumption by each component in the computer is expressed in the simulation.
  • the power consumption of each computer can be classified into power consumption of electronic components such as CPU, HDD, memory, and other power consumption (power conversion loss, cooling, etc.).
  • the power consumption of an electronic component varies according to the load applied to the electronic component, and also varies according to the operation mode of the electronic component currently in operation. Such a phenomenon can be expressed by expressing an operation mode of each electronic component in a simulation program by a state transition diagram.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the state transition of the operation mode.
  • the component has four types of modes mode0 to mode3.
  • power consumption coefficients (power) P0 to P3 corresponding to the load are defined.
  • the power consumption coefficient power may be either a constant or a function. It is also possible to define performance coefficients (speed) S0 to S3 in the currently operating mode. In addition, it is possible to define times (transition time) t01, t10, t02, t20, t03, and t30 required for transition between operation modes.
  • the power consumption coefficient power of each electronic component may be expressed as a function with a load as an input.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a case where power consumption is expressed as a function of load.
  • the power consumption per unit time with respect to the index w indicating the load level is shown.
  • the operation mode of the computer is defined as the power consumption of the entire computer instead of the power consumption of individual electronic components, and the power for the load is calculated. Also good.
  • the power calculator 15 calculates the power consumption of the node or electronic component.
  • the calculated performance information and power consumption are recorded as an operation result log 120 in the external storage device sequentially or at every real time timing or every simulation time timing.
  • the user of the simulation software can check the operation result log 120.
  • System control middleware generally operates as a distributed computer system by bundling multiple computers.
  • the distributed data store divides the data to be stored into a plurality of data fragments, and determines the number of replicas and the storage destination computer for each data fragment.
  • An access request such as READ or WRITE from the client to the stored data fragment reaches the system control middleware.
  • the system control middleware uses a distributed index structure, a consistent hash, and the like to solve the correspondence between the data fragment and the computer.
  • the system control middleware controls the access request so as to satisfy the required transactionality by using necessary lock acquisition / release and data version management.
  • the system control middleware issues instructions for changing the correspondence between data and computers by data transfer (data migration) and increasing / decreasing the number of data copies. To issue. As a result, it is possible to perform control such that system resources are efficiently used even after the access tendency changes.
  • System power consumption is reduced by changing the operation mode of each element such as CPU and HDD in the computer.
  • the operation mode of each element such as CPU and HDD in the computer.
  • the HDD in computer A is not accessed. Therefore, the system control middleware can change the operation mode of the HDD of the computer A to the low power mode.
  • system control middleware may be able to turn off power to computers other than computer A.
  • system control middleware allocates much of the frequently used data to the computer A and performs the resource usage control as described above, thereby reducing the power consumption of the entire system. Can do.
  • the system control middleware can perform power control such that data is arranged in the computer B, the load on the computer A is reduced, or the load is removed and the power is turned off.
  • the system control middleware can dynamically reduce the power consumption of the system by dynamically inputting the current power consumption information and feeding back the value to the resource usage control.
  • specific control contents and control algorithms are not particularly limited.
  • a large-scale calculation is divided in advance by a client into processing for a small single computer called a job.
  • the job reaches system control middleware (also called a scheduler).
  • the system control middleware selects one or a plurality of computers based on the scheduling algorithm in consideration of the already assigned job and the performance of the computer, and transfers the job to the selected computer.
  • the job is executed on the transfer destination computer.
  • the system control middleware determines which computer resource of the plurality of computers is used for processing in response to a processing request or resource consumption for the computer, and changes the state of the computer.
  • the system configuration control unit 40 determines which of the plurality of computers is to be used for processing.
  • the system efficiency control unit 20 changes the state of the computer.
  • the simulation apparatus 100 having the above configuration operates as follows upon receiving time update information from the simulator control unit 110.
  • the computer usage load calculation unit 30 that simulates a client to which a load is applied generates a load on the computer that generates the load according to a predetermined program.
  • the system configuration control unit 40 that determines the destination of the load receives the generated load.
  • the system configuration control unit 40 outputs a load to the node operation simulation unit 10 that simulates the operation of one or more computer nodes.
  • the load receiving unit 11 of the node operation simulation unit 10 receives a load.
  • the performance calculator 13 calculates the performance according to the load. Furthermore, the power calculator 15 calculates the power consumption during the simulation time regardless of the presence or absence of a load.
  • the system efficiency improvement control unit 20 of the system control middleware receives the performance information and the power consumption information sequentially or for each predetermined simulation time timing or any simulation time timing.
  • the system efficiency improvement control unit 20 determines whether or not to change the system configuration such as data arrangement based on the information.
  • the system efficiency improvement control unit 20 outputs a control command for changing the system configuration information to the node operation simulation unit 10 and the system configuration control unit 40.
  • the node operation simulation unit 10 and the system configuration control unit 40 consume the simulation time or a moment during the simulation time and change the system state.
  • the control load generator 12 may output the load to the load receiver 11.
  • an operation result log 120 in which the behavior of the system control middleware with respect to the system usage load is recorded is obtained.
  • the system control middleware developer or system user can evaluate the correctness and effect of the behavior of the system control middleware by analyzing the operation result log 120.
  • the performance and power consumption of each computer during the simulation operation change within the simulation operation by a system configuration change by the system control middleware that performs feedback control while using these values as inputs. Therefore, according to the simulation apparatus of the present embodiment, it is possible to evaluate the legitimacy and effect of the system control middleware that performs feedback control on the distributed computer system.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the simulation apparatus of the present embodiment.
  • the power coefficient and the performance coefficient are exchanged between the performance calculation unit 33 and the power calculation unit 35 of the node operation simulation unit 10.
  • the performance calculator 33 outputs a power coefficient that varies depending on the load to the power calculator 35.
  • the power calculation unit 35 outputs the performance coefficient to the performance calculation unit 33.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the simulation apparatus of this embodiment in more detail.
  • the performance calculation unit 33 is a queuing network including a queuing unit 41 and a service unit 42.
  • the power calculation unit 35 is represented by a state transition diagram of the operation mode as illustrated in FIG.
  • the power coefficient can be the number of processing waiting loads in the queue, and the performance coefficient can be a value defined in each operation mode.
  • the simulation apparatus 200 having the above configuration receives time update information from the simulator control unit 110 and operates as follows.
  • the operation until the node operation simulation unit 10 receives a load is the same as the operation of the simulation apparatus 100 according to the second embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted.
  • the load is input to the queue unit 41. If a processing load is already input in the queue, the load is input from the head of the queue to the service unit 42 every time the processing load of the service unit 42 is completed.
  • the load processing time is given by the time from when the load is registered in the queue until the service unit 42 is exited.
  • the performance calculation unit 33 calculates the time from when the load is input to the service unit 42 until it is output based on the performance coefficient output from the power calculation unit 35 during the simulation time.
  • the service time calculation method in the present embodiment is not limited to such a method.
  • the power calculator 35 calculates the power consumption at the simulation time based on the power coefficient output from the performance calculator 33.
  • the power calculator 35 can calculate the power f (T (n)). it can.
  • the function T (n) can be estimated by an experiment or the like in an actual machine. Note that the power consumption calculation method in the present embodiment is not limited to such a method.
  • the system control middleware developer or system user can evaluate the correctness and effect of the behavior of the system control middleware by analyzing the operation result log 120. Further, according to the simulation apparatus 200, the power consumption can be easily calculated based on the state parameters in the queue. Therefore, it is possible to evaluate the legitimacy and effect of the system control middleware with a small amount of calculation compared to the case of simulating the detailed behavior of each electronic component.
  • a distributed system according to the fourth embodiment will be described.
  • a distributed computer system including a plurality of computers is controlled by simulator built-in system control middleware.
  • the simulator built-in system control middleware is software that issues resource control instructions in the second and third embodiments. Further, when the system control middleware with built-in simulator determines the operation of the system using the input power coefficient and performance coefficient, the simulation software in the second or third embodiment built in the system operation determining unit includes these. Enter coefficients to predict future system conditions. Here, the simulation software may be executed a plurality of times by giving different random numbers. The system control middleware with built-in simulator determines a resource control instruction that will be optimal in the future based on the execution contents of the simulation software, and controls the system.
  • the simulation software, simulation method, and simulator built-in system control middleware according to the present invention are applied to computer system simulation software, simulators, evaluation devices, computer operation demonstrations, distributed system schedulers, database systems, storage systems, and distributed key-value stores. can do.
  • a performance calculation unit that calculates the processing time required for each of a plurality of processing nodes included in the distributed computer system to process the assigned load;
  • a power calculator that calculates power consumption required to process each of the loads assigned to each of the plurality of processing nodes;
  • a simulation apparatus comprising: a system operation determination unit that updates allocation of a load to each of the plurality of processing nodes based on the processing time and the power consumption.
  • the power calculation unit changes each of the plurality of processing nodes to any one of a plurality of operation modes defined by a processing speed and power consumption per unit time.
  • Supplementary note 8 Any one of Supplementary notes 1 to 7, wherein the system operation determination unit updates allocation of data and processing to each of the plurality of processing nodes based on the processing time and the power consumption.
  • the simulation device according to any one of the above.
  • Supplementary note 9 Any one of Supplementary notes 1 to 8, wherein each of the plurality of processing nodes is a computer included in the distributed computer system, or a CPU, storage, or memory included in the computer.
  • each of the plurality of processing nodes is changed to any one of a plurality of operation modes defined by a processing speed and power consumption per unit time.
  • each of the plurality of processing nodes is changed to any one of a plurality of operation modes defined by a processing speed and power consumption per unit time.
  • the computer is further caused to execute a process of updating data and process assignments for each of the plurality of processing nodes based on the processing time and the power consumption.
  • the program as described in any one.

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Abstract

Un dispositif de simulation est pourvu d'une unité de calcul de performance pour calculer le temps de traitement nécessaire pour traiter la charge attribuée à chacun d'une pluralité de nœuds de traitement inclus dans un système informatique réparti, d'une unité de calcul de puissance pour calculer la quantité de puissance nécessaire pour traiter la charge attribuée à chacun de la pluralité de nœuds de traitement, et d'une unité de détermination de fonctionnement de système pour mettre à jour l'attribution de la charge en relation avec chacun de la pluralité de nœuds de traitement sur la base du temps de traitement et de la quantité de puissance nécessaires. Par la présente invention, il est possible de simuler le fonctionnement d'un logiciel intermédiaire pour commander l'attribution d'une charge en relation avec les nœuds de traitement inclus dans un système informatique réparti.
PCT/JP2011/069294 2010-08-27 2011-08-26 Dispositif de simulation, système informatique réparti, procédé de simulation et programme WO2012026582A1 (fr)

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CN109977541A (zh) * 2019-03-26 2019-07-05 东南大学 一种电力信息物理系统联合仿真平台及其同步方法
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CN109977541A (zh) * 2019-03-26 2019-07-05 东南大学 一种电力信息物理系统联合仿真平台及其同步方法
CN109977541B (zh) * 2019-03-26 2023-03-31 东南大学 一种电力信息物理系统联合仿真平台及其同步方法
CN115344388A (zh) * 2022-08-22 2022-11-15 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 虑及通信和算力的电力实时仿真计算任务分配方法及装置
CN115344388B (zh) * 2022-08-22 2023-12-01 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 虑及通信和算力的电力实时仿真计算任务分配方法及装置

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